JP4779122B2 - 動脈閉塞性疾病モデル動物の作製 - Google Patents
動脈閉塞性疾病モデル動物の作製 Download PDFInfo
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Description
Hudgins WRら, Stroke. 1970 Mar-Apr;1(2):107-11 Watanabe Oら, Stroke 8: 61-70, 1975 Kito Gら, J Neurosci Methods. 2001 Jan 30;105(1):45-53
すなわち、本発明者らは、閉塞すべき動脈部位よりも下流の血管を結紮した後、該閉塞すべき部位にて動脈を完全閉塞に至るようにすると、動物の致死率が低下し、しかも安定した心筋梗塞モデルが得られることを見出した。
(1)特定部位の結紮または自家血凝固塊により動脈を閉塞させることを特徴とする、ヒト以外の動脈閉塞性疾病モデル動物の作製方法;
(2)ヒト以外の実験動物において、閉塞すべき心臓の動脈部位の下流の血管を結紮し、次いで、該閉塞すべき部位にて動脈を閉塞させることを特徴とし、心筋梗塞動物モデルを得るものである(1)記載の方法;
(3)実験動物がブタである(2)記載の方法;
(4)結紮が縫合糸またはクリップを用いて行われ、閉塞がアメロイドリングを用いて行われるものである(2)または(3)記載の方法;
(5)動脈閉塞用手段および動脈結紮用手段を必須として含み、(2)〜(4)のいずれかに記載の方法に用いられる、心筋梗塞動物モデル作製用キット;ならびに
(6)(2)〜(4)記載の方法または(5)記載のキットを用いて得られる心筋梗塞動物モデル
を提供するものである。
(7)ヒトを除く動物より採取した自家血に凝固剤を添加して自家血凝固塊を作製し、次いで、自家血凝固塊を目的とする動脈内腔に送達することを特徴とし、さらに、自家血凝固塊を動脈内腔に送達する際に血管撮影装置を用いることを特徴とし、動脈塞栓動物モデルを得るものである(1)記載の方法;
(8)自家血凝固塊が長軸形状である(7)記載の方法;
(9)血管撮影装置がX線血管撮影装置である(7)または(8)記載の方法;
(10)さらに自家血凝固塊をヨード系薬剤に浸漬し、血管造影装置により可視化することを特徴とする(7)ないし(9)のいずれかに記載の方法;
(11)動脈が脳または心臓の動脈である(7)ないし(10)のいずれかに記載の方法;
(12)さらにポジトロンエミッショントモグラフィー(PET)を用いて血流状態を確認することを特徴とする(7)ないし(11)のいずれかに記載の方法;
(13)凝固剤による自家血凝固塊形成手段、自家血凝固塊を動脈内に送達する手段、および血管撮影装置を必須として含む、(7)ないし(12)のいずれかに記載の方法に用いられる動脈塞栓動物モデル作製システム;
(14)さらにPET装置を含む(13)記載のシステム;ならびに
(15)(7)ないし(12)のいずれかに記載の方法あるいは(13)または(14)に記載のシステムを用いて得られる心筋梗塞動物モデル
を提供するものである。
ブタ雄性20〜25kgを用い、麻酔後、左胸部を上にして横臥位固定し、抗血液凝固剤ヘパリンを100 IU/kg投与した後、第3・4肋間を切開し、開胸を施した。次いで、左前下降枝の第二分枝以降を露出させ、縫合糸にて完全結紮を行った(図1左パネル矢印B参照)。(この部位での完全結紮は細動を引き起こさず致死に至らしめない。この局所的な虚血処置を行うことで心筋全体に虚血に対する耐性を引き起こさせる。)その後、回旋枝と前下降枝の分岐部近位の前下降枝を露出し、キシロカインゼリーを血管に塗布し処置に伴う血管スパスムを防ぎアメロイドリング(Ameroid Constrictorともいう、RESEARCH INSTRUMENTS SW社製、I.D.サイズ2.5mm)を装着した(図1左パネル矢印A参照)。そして、定法に従って閉胸し、処置を終了した。対照処置として、あらかじめ完全結紮を行わない従来法(アメロイドリングによる閉塞のみを行う)を用いて、上記と同様にして同一動脈部位に閉塞処置を施した。
(リング装着部前血管内腔面積−リング装着部血管内腔面積) x100(%)
リング装着部前血管内腔面積
血液凝固剤としてADPおよびトロンビンを用いて凝固の程度につき検討した。ADP濃度を30μg/ml、100μg/ml(いずれもトロンビン無添加)、トロンビン濃度を0.5%(w/v)、10%(w/v)(いずれもADP無添加)とした。カニクイザルの腹側尾動脈から採血し、凝固剤を添加して、あるいは凝固剤を添加せずに血液をカテーテル中に入れ、37℃で24時間インキュベーションし、その後押し出して凝固の様子を観察した。対照は凝固剤無添加(血液のみを凝固させたもの)である。結果を図3の左パネルに示す。ADP濃度が高いほどよく凝固することがわかった。トロンビンについては0.5%(w/v)、10%(w/v)ともに同程度の凝固であった。次に、ADP 100μg、トロンビン10%として37℃で24時間インキュベーションして得られた血液凝塊をポビドンヨ−ド液に浸漬したものをX線撮影した。図3の右パネルに示すように、血液凝塊に対応する影が認められ、X線撮影装置により血液凝塊の位置確認が可能であることがわかった。
対象動物として雄性カニクイザル(体重約6kg)を用いた。予め凝固剤としてADP(最終濃度100μg/mL)およびトロンビン(最終濃度10%(w/v))を含んだ注射筒で動物の腹側尾動脈から血液を十分量(1ml)採血し、直ちにポリエチレン性のチューブ(外径:0.965mm、内径:0.58mm)に血液を満たした。血液および凝固剤の混合物をチューブ内に37℃、24時間放置することで十分に固化した状態の血栓が形成された。次いで、動脈径に合わせた極細の脳血管撮影用カテーテル(3フレンチ)を用い、大腿動脈に留置したシースより挿入し目的とする脳血管(左中大脳動脈)にまずカテーテルを留置した。その際、高解像度X線脳血管撮影装置(GE Yokogawa Medical Systems社製、Mobile C-Arm SERIES 9800TM)を用い造影剤(オムニパーク350)を使用しながらカテーテルを誘導した。目的部位までカテーテルを誘導した後、上述のごとく作製した自家血凝固塊をカテーテルより流した。その際、血栓が固化している細チューブに直接注射針と生理食塩水を満たした注射筒を接続し、注射筒により生理食塩水を押し出すようにすることで、チューブ内の血栓を排出させた。予め細チューブの先をカテーテル入り口に入れておくことで血栓をスムーズに導入することが可能であった。血栓が目標とする血管を閉塞したかどうかは、造影剤を用いたX線脳血管撮影により把握した。中大脳動脈を閉塞した結果を図4に示す。矢印で示す閉塞部位から下流の血管に血液が流れていないことがわかる(図4右パネル)。また実際に脳血管を閉塞しただけでは脳虚血を生じているかどうか不明なため、同時にPET(シーメンス社製、型番:ECAT EXACT 47)により脳血流、酸素摂取率および酸素代謝を測定し、虚血の分布・程度を測定した(図5)。左中大脳動脈領域に一致して脳血流の低下が見られるが、酸素代謝は少しではあるが保たれる傾向にあり、重度の虚血状態にあることがわかった。
Claims (14)
- 特定部位の結紮または自家血凝固塊により動脈を閉塞させることを特徴とする、ヒト以外の動脈閉塞性疾病モデル動物の作製方法であって、ヒト以外の実験動物において、前下降枝の第二分枝直後の部位を結紮し、次いで、左側冠動脈の分岐直下での前下降枝にて動脈を閉塞させることを特徴とし、心筋梗塞動物モデルを得るものである方法。
- 実験動物がブタである請求項1記載の方法。
- 結紮が完全結紮である請求項1または2記載の方法。
- 閉塞が90%以上である請求項1〜3のいずれか1項記載の方法。
- 結紮が縫合糸またはクリップを用いて行われ、閉塞がアメロイドリングを用いて行われるものである請求項1〜4のいずれか1項記載の方法。
- 動脈閉塞用手段および動脈結紮用手段を必須として含み、請求項1〜5のいずれか1項記載の方法に用いられる、心筋梗塞動物モデル作製用キット。
- 請求項1〜5のいずれか1項記載の方法または請求項6記載のキットを用いて得られる心筋梗塞動物モデル。
- ヒトを除く動物より採取した自家血に凝固剤を添加して自家血凝固塊を作製し、次いで、自家血凝固塊を目的とする動脈内腔に送達することを特徴とし、さらに、自家血凝固塊を動脈内腔に送達する際にX線血管撮影装置および造影剤を用いることを特徴とし、さらに、自家血凝固塊が長軸形状であることを特徴とする、請求項1記載の方法。
- さらに自家血凝固塊をヨード系薬剤に浸漬し、X線血管造影装置により可視化することを特徴とする請求項8記載の方法。
- 動脈が脳または心臓の動脈である請求項8または9項記載の方法。
- さらにポジトロンエミッショントモグラフィー(PET)を用いて血流状態を確認することを特徴とする請求項8〜10のいずれか1項記載の方法。
- 凝固剤による自家血凝固塊形成手段、自家血凝固塊を動脈内に送達する手段、および血管撮影装置を必須として含む、請求項8〜11のいずれか1項記載の方法に用いられる動脈塞栓動物モデル作製システム。
- さらにPET装置を含む請求項12記載のシステム。
- 請求項8〜11のいずれか1項記載の方法あるいは請求項12または13に記載のシステムを用いて得られる動脈塞栓動物モデル。
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KR102402650B1 (ko) | 2020-03-20 | 2022-05-26 | 포항공과대학교 산학협력단 | 3차원 바이오 프린팅 폐색기를 이용한 허혈성 심질환 동물 모델 및 이의 제조방법 |
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