JP4778767B2 - Basement construction method and basement unit - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a basement construction method for constructing a room for storage or the like in a basement of a house, and a basement unit suitable for use in the method.

  Conventionally, a basement is sometimes constructed by excavating the ground for constructing a house for use as a storage or hobby room.

  Patent Document 1 discloses a method for efficiently constructing a basement in a short time by installing a basement unit manufactured in a factory on an excavated bottom surface.

In this method, the basement unit's side, bottom and top frames are made at the factory using general steel materials such as square steel pipes and H-shaped steel, and the steel plate is attached to the inner surface of the basement to waterproof the joints. After completing the unit, it is transported to the site and installed on the foundation concrete surface to build the basement.
Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 8-120689

  However, in the basement construction method of Patent Document 1 described above, most of the basement units are manufactured in advance in the factory, so that the weight increases and large heavy machinery is required for transportation and installation.

  Moreover, when both the side surface and the bottom surface are formed of a steel plate, the amount of construction such as joining processing or joint processing between them increases, which takes time.

  Then, this invention aims at providing the basement unit used for the construction method of the basement excellent in the workability using the lightweight basement unit with easy conveyance and installation, and its method.

  In order to achieve the above object, the present invention forms a substantially horizontal base surface on a bottom surface of excavation formed by excavating the ground, forms a waterproof layer on the base surface, and forms side surfaces on the waterproof layer. Is installed in a basement unit that is surrounded by a wall and has an open bottom, and is fixed to the base surface, and a cement-based mixed material is placed on the bottom of the basement unit to be integrated with the lower part of the wall. It is the construction method of the basement which forms a floor part.

  Here, before placing the cement-based mixed material on the bottom of the basement unit, the opposing wall portions of the basement unit are supported from the inside by a long support member, and the bottom of the basement unit and the wall It is also possible to place a cement-based mixed material on the outer periphery of the part.

  In addition, the basement unit of the present invention has a waterproof wall portion that surrounds the side surface, and a joining means for fixing the wall portion on the foundation surface in combination with means provided on the foundation surface, and a bottom portion. It is a basement unit that is open.

  Here, it is preferable to attach a sealing material to the lower end surface of the wall portion. Further, a reinforcing bar can be bridged between the opposing wall portions on the bottom portion.

  In the present invention configured as described above, after fixing the basement unit having an open bottom to the base surface, a floor unit integral with the wall is constructed by placing a cement-based mixed material on the bottom.

  For this reason, the basement unit can be made into a lightweight form that can be easily transported and installed, and it is possible to integrate both parts without separate processing and jointing between the wall and floor of the basement unit. Is excellent.

  Moreover, by installing a supporting member between the opposing wall portions of the basement unit and supporting them from the inside, the outer wall of the cement-based mixed material can be easily constructed on the outer periphery of the wall portion as a mold.

  Furthermore, since the basement unit with the opening at the bottom is lightweight, it is easy to handle during transportation and installation, and a cement-based mixed material is placed in the opening to create a floor that is integral with the wall. It can be formed easily.

  In addition, by installing a sealing material on the bottom surface of the wall of the basement unit, it is possible to obtain a waterproofing effect simply by installing the basement unit on the foundation surface on which a waterproof layer is formed with a waterproof sheet or the like. Can do.

  Furthermore, by placing a reinforcing bar in advance on the bottom of the basement unit, it is possible to omit the on-site bar placement work, improve workability, and shorten the construction period.

  The best mode for carrying out the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.

  FIG. 1 shows a sectional view of a basement 1 constructed by the basement construction method of the present embodiment.

  First, in terms of configuration, the basement 1 according to the present embodiment is constructed on a foundation surface 3 formed substantially horizontally on an excavation bottom surface 2 a formed by excavating the ground 2.

  The foundation surface 3 is formed by placing a cement-based mixed material such as concrete or mortar on the crushed stone portion 3c spread on the excavation bottom surface 2a and leveling the upper surface to be substantially horizontal. It is formed.

  For example, as shown in FIG. 4, after abandoned concrete is cast on the crushed stone portion 3c to form a foundation concrete portion 3b, concrete for height adjustment is placed on the upper surface so that the surface becomes horizontal. The level adjusting portion 3a is formed by finishing with a heel.

  In addition, a positioning bolt 5a for installing and fixing a basement unit 6 (described later) at a predetermined position is projected on the base surface 3.

  As shown in FIG. 4, the positioning bolt 5a is fixed to the foundation surface 3 by embedding a lower part in the foundation concrete part 3b.

  Further, a waterproof sheet 4 is laid as a waterproof layer on the foundation surface 3 to prevent water from entering the basement 1 from the foundation surface 3. As the waterproof sheet 4, asphalt felt, soft vinyl chloride sheet, vulcanized rubber sheet, and the like can be used.

  And as for the basement unit 6 installed on this waterproof sheet 4, while the side surface is enclosed by the wall parts 61 and ..., the bottom part 62 is opened.

  As shown in FIG. 5, the wall portions 61,... Are formed by steel plate portions 61a,.

  The steel plate portion 61a is a portion that mainly resists external force acting on the wall portion 61 of the basement unit 6, and is made of, for example, a corrugated steel material such as a deck plate and a seamless plate material. It is preferable to form it by arranging.

  Further, as shown in FIG. 3, head joint members 61e,..., Trunk joint members 61f,... Are attached to the upper ends and outer peripheries of the steel plate portions 61a,. It is preferable to reinforce so that 6 does not deform.

  Furthermore, as shown in FIG. 4, the water expansion rubber 7 is attached to the lower end surface of this steel plate part 61a as an elastic sealing material. The water expansion rubber 7 is an elastic material and has a property of expanding when water is supplied, and is interposed between the waterproof sheet 4 laid on the base surface 3 and the lower end surface of the basement unit 6. Thus, the waterproof performance during this period can be improved.

  Further, when a joint is provided between the steel plate portion 61a or the steel plate portions 61a and 61a, the joint is waterproofed with a sealing material such as water expansion rubber.

  Further, as shown in FIG. 4, a U-shaped mounting bracket 61c is attached to the lower portion of the steel plate portion 61a adjacent to the bottom 62 of the basement unit 6 by welding, and the end of the reinforcing bar 62b is attached to the mounting bracket 61c. Is placed and fixed.

  As shown in FIG. 1, concrete as a cement-based mixed material is placed around the reinforcing bar 62b to form a floor 62a.

  A floor finishing material 62c such as a tile or a flooring material is laid on the upper surface of the floor portion 62a as necessary.

  A gypsum board 61b is attached to the inside of the steel plate portion 61a, and interior finishing is performed with wallpaper or the like as necessary.

  Further, a gypsum board 63a is also attached to the ceiling portion 63 of the basement unit 6, and a surface finishing material is disposed as necessary.

  Moreover, the outer periphery concrete part 8 is constructed | assembled by the concrete as a cement-type mixed material in the outer periphery of this basement unit 6. FIG. The outer peripheral concrete portion 8 serves as an outer wall of the basement unit 6 and serves as a foundation for the ground floor 10 installed thereon. Therefore, a reinforcing bar 8b is provided at a predetermined location to provide a ground foundation portion. 8a is formed.

  Further, a heat insulating material 8 c is laid on the upper surface of the outer peripheral concrete portion 8 to improve the heat insulating performance of the ground floor 10.

  Further, in order to ventilate the basement 1, a ventilation pipe 9a communicating with the inside is attached, and the tip thereof is connected to the ventilation port 9 provided on the side surface of the ground foundation 8a.

  Next, the construction method of the basement 1 of this Embodiment and its effect | action are demonstrated, referring FIGS.

  First, the ground 2 of the construction site of the house is excavated to form a hole surrounded by the excavation bottom surface 2a and the excavation side surfaces 2b,. As the gradient of the excavation side surface 2b,..., A gradient that is made safe depending on the hardness of the ground may be set, and a vertical surface can be obtained by using a retaining material such as a steel sheet pile.

  Then, the crushed stone is spread on the excavation bottom surface 2a to provide the crushed stone portion 3c, and the excavation side surface 2b,... Is covered with a sheet material (not shown) such as a soil cover as necessary, and then the crushed stone portion 3c. Concrete is placed on the top surface.

  As shown in FIG. 4, a positioning bolt 5a is embedded in a predetermined plane position of the foundation concrete portion 3b formed in this manner so that its upper end protrudes.

  After the foundation concrete portion 3b is cured until it exhibits a predetermined strength, the concrete is placed on the upper surface of the foundation concrete portion 3b, and the level adjustment portion 3a is formed by finishing the surface so that the surface is substantially horizontal.

  The positioning bolts 5a,... Projecting from the base surface 3 serving as the upper surface of the level adjusting portion 3a are subjected to waterproofing treatment by applying a sealing tape or applying a sealing material, and then the waterproof sheet 4 Laying.

  Even after the laying, a waterproofing material such as a sealing material is injected around the insertion holes 4a of the waterproof sheet 4 to improve the waterproof performance around the positioning bolt 5a.

  Next, after transporting the basement unit 6 manufactured at the factory to the site, as shown in FIG. 3, the suspension wire 11 is connected to the hanging metal fittings 11a attached to the upper end of the basement unit 6 and lifted by a crane. Suspend on the foundation surface 3.

  In the basement unit 6, in the factory, in addition to the steel plate portions 61a,..., A rebar 62b is attached to the bottom portion 62, and a water expansion rubber 7 is attached to the lower end surface of the steel plate portions 61a,. ing.

  And the hole (not shown) as a joining means is opened by the lower end surface of this steel plate part 61a, and the basement unit 6 is installed in the exact position by inserting the positioning bolt 5a in the hole. Can do.

  FIG. 4 is an enlarged cross-sectional view showing details of the vicinity of the lower end surface of the steel plate portion 61a when the basement unit 6 is installed on the base surface 3. As shown in FIG.

  A base plate 5c is attached to the lower end surface of the steel plate portion 61a by a height adjuster 5d composed of bolts and nuts, and water expansion rubbers 7 are disposed on the upper and lower surfaces of the base plate 5c.

  Then, the nut 5b is fitted to the positioning bolt 5a protruding upward through the hole of the steel plate portion 61a, and the steel plate portion 61a, in other words, the basement unit 6 is fixed to the base surface 3 by tightening the nut 5b.

  The height of the basement unit 6 thus installed can be finely adjusted by the height adjuster 5d.

  Moreover, the water expansion rubber | gum 7, 7 attached to the lower end surface of the steel plate part 61a is compressed by the load of the basement unit 6, and closely_contact | adheres to the waterproof sheet 4 and the steel plate part 61a lower end surface, and the clearance gap between them is block | closed.

  Further, when rainwater, groundwater, or the like is supplied to the water expansion rubbers 7, 7, the water expandable rubber 7 can expand and fill the gaps around it, so that the waterproof performance can be maintained even after the basement 1 is completed.

  In addition, when the steel plate portion 61a of the basement unit 6 is provided with a lifting hole 61d for lifting, the hanging hole 61d is also filled with the water expansion rubber 7a, and groundwater, rainwater, etc. Do not get into.

  In the basement unit 6 thus installed, the support members 12,... Are bridged between the steel plate portions 61a, (61a) facing each other as shown in FIG. A steel material such as an H-shaped steel material can be used for the support member 12, and a receiving material 12a is attached to the inner surface of the steel plate portion 61a in order to avoid deformation of the steel plate portion 61a due to stress concentration, and the supporting member is attached to the receiving material 12a. 12 ends are fixed.

  Then, concrete is poured into the bottom 62 where the reinforcing bars 62b are arranged in advance to construct the floor 62a.

  Further, after the concrete is placed on the bottom 62, the concrete is also placed on the outer periphery of the steel plate portions 61a,.

  If the floor portion 62 is constructed by placing concrete with fluidity in this way, the concrete flows into the shape of the steel plate portions 61a,..., So that it is integrated with the steel plate portions 61a,. The formed floor portion 62 can be easily formed.

  As shown in FIG. 1, floor finishing material 62 c is laid on the upper surface of the floor portion 62, gypsum board 61 b,... Is attached to the inner surface of the steel plate portion 61 a,. A gypsum board 63 is installed.

  In the present invention configured as described above, after fixing the basement unit 6 having the bottom 62 opened on the base surface 3, the floor 62 integral with the wall 61 is formed by placing concrete on the bottom 62. To construct.

  For this reason, the basement unit 6 can be made into a light-weight form that can be easily transported and installed, and it is not necessary to separately perform the joint processing and joint processing of the wall portion 61 and the floor portion 62 of the basement unit 6, thereby improving workability. Are better.

  Moreover, by installing the supporting members 12,... Between the opposing wall portions 61, 61 of the basement unit 6 and supporting them from the inside, the wall portion 61 is used as a mold and integrated with the wall portion 61 on the outer periphery. The peripheral concrete part 8 can be easily constructed.

  Furthermore, by enclosing the outer periphery of the basement 1 with concrete, the steel plate portion 61a can be kept away from factors that corrode the steel material existing in the ground 2 (specific resistance, enzyme amount, PH, bacteria, stray current, etc.). The performance can be maintained for a long time.

  Further, by attaching the water expansion rubber 7 to the lower end surface of the wall portion 61 of the basement unit 6, the effect of performing the waterproofing process simply by installing the basement unit 6 on the base surface 3 on which the waterproof sheet 4 is laid. Can be obtained.

  Furthermore, by placing the reinforcing bar 62b in advance on the bottom 62 of the basement unit 6, it is possible to omit the on-site bar arrangement work and improve workability and shorten the construction period.

  Moreover, the waterproof sheet 4 is combined with the floor 62a made of concrete to increase the water-stopping property to prevent water from entering from the bottom 62, and the water expansion rubber 7 having a high water-stopping property is provided on the lower end surface of the steel plate portion 61a having a high water-stopping property. Since it can arrange | position and can prevent the permeation of the water from the floor part 62a side surface, the waterproof performance of the basement 1 can be improved.

  Moreover, by constructing the floor portion 62a with reinforced concrete, the load bearing performance is greatly increased, and it becomes possible to accommodate heavy objects or the like in the basement 1.

  Although the best embodiment of the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the drawings, the specific configuration is not limited to this embodiment, and design changes that do not depart from the gist of the present invention are possible. Are included in the present invention.

  For example, in the above-described embodiment, the waterproof sheet 4 is used as the waterproof layer, but the present invention is not limited to this, and the waterproof layer may be formed by applying urethane foam, for example.

  Furthermore, in the said embodiment, although the waterproof sheet 4 was laid only on the base surface 3, it is not limited to this, The waterproof sheet 4 is also laid on the excavation side surface 2b, ... As a configuration in which the outer periphery is surrounded by the waterproof sheet 4, the waterproof performance can be further enhanced.

  Moreover, in the said embodiment, although the water expansion rubber 7 was attached to the lower end surface of the wall part 61, it is not limited to this, The elastic seal which does not expand even if it contains water, such as a rubber seal material and silicone, as a sealing material Material may be used.

  In the basement unit 6 of the above-described embodiment, the reinforcing bar 62b is arranged in advance at the bottom 62. However, the arrangement is not limited to this, and the arrangement work may be performed after the basement unit 6 is installed. .

It is sectional drawing which showed the structure of the basement constructed | assembled by the construction method of the basement of the best embodiment of this invention. It is the perspective view which showed the process of laying a waterproof sheet. It is sectional drawing which showed the process of installing a basement unit. It is the expanded sectional view which showed the detail of the lower end surface vicinity of the wall part of a basement unit. It is the perspective view which showed the process of placing concrete in the bottom part and outer periphery of a basement unit.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Basement 2 Ground 2a Bottom of excavation 3 Base surface 4 Waterproof sheet (waterproof layer)
5a Positioning bolt (means provided on the base surface)
6 Basement Unit 61 Wall 62 Bottom 62a Floor 62b Reinforcement 7 Water Expansion Rubber (Elastic Seal Material)
8 Peripheral concrete part

Claims (3)

Forming a substantially horizontal foundation surface on the bottom surface of the excavation formed by excavating the ground and providing a positioning bolt whose upper end protrudes from the foundation surface ;
Forming a waterproof layer on its foundation surface,
On the waterproof layer, the side wall is surrounded by a wall part formed of corrugated steel, and the upper end of the wall part is reinforced by a head connecting material so that it does not deform during movement, and the bottom part is an open basement unit . The basement unit comprising a base plate attached to the lower end surface of the wall portion via a height adjuster and elastic sealing materials attached to both upper and lower surfaces thereof, and the position of the base plate on the positioning bolt the combined installed,
Adjust the height with the height adjuster and fix it to the foundation surface,
A basement construction method comprising placing a cement-based mixed material at the bottom of the basement unit to form a floor portion integrated with a lower portion of the wall portion. Before placing cement-based mixed material on the bottom of the basement unit, the opposing wall portions of the basement unit are supported from the inside by a long support member, and the bottom of the basement unit and the outer periphery of the wall portion 2. The basement construction method according to claim 1, wherein a cement-based mixed material is placed on the base. A waterproof wall that surrounds a side surface formed by corrugated steel, a head joint attached to the upper end of the wall, and a base plate attached to the lower end of the wall via a height adjuster; A basement unit having an elastic sealing material attached to both upper and lower surfaces of the base plate and having an open bottom.

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