JP4777442B2 - 非反応性粉末を利用した立体自由形状成形の方法とシステム - Google Patents
非反応性粉末を利用した立体自由形状成形の方法とシステム Download PDFInfo
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- JP4777442B2 JP4777442B2 JP2009008783A JP2009008783A JP4777442B2 JP 4777442 B2 JP4777442 B2 JP 4777442B2 JP 2009008783 A JP2009008783 A JP 2009008783A JP 2009008783 A JP2009008783 A JP 2009008783A JP 4777442 B2 JP4777442 B2 JP 4777442B2
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Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
- B29C64/10—Processes of additive manufacturing
- B29C64/165—Processes of additive manufacturing using a combination of solid and fluid materials, e.g. a powder selectively bound by a liquid binder, catalyst, inhibitor or energy absorber
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y70/00—Materials specially adapted for additive manufacturing
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
Description
図1は、粉末をベースとしたSFF用の反応性材料を噴射するという本方法を使った立体自由形状成形システム(100)を図示するものである。図1に示すように、立体自由形状成形システムは、成形ビン(110)、可動台(120)、多数の制御つまみとディスプレイを含む表示パネル(130)を具備している。
図3は、1つの例示的実施態様に従って一液型反応性樹脂バインダを使った、図2に示した立体自由形状成形システム(図2の100)を作動させる、本願の方法を示したフローチャートである。本願のシステムと方法に使用される一液型バインダは、容器に貯蔵され、インクジェットディスペンサーによって放出される任意のバインダでよく、第二の材料を添加する以外の任意の手段で硬化すればよい。説明の簡略化のため、UV硬化樹脂を一液型バインダとして使った本願のシステムと方法を記述する。この樹脂を一定量の非反応性粉末(240)の中へ噴射し、その後にUV放射の印加によって硬化させてよい。図3に示したように、本願の方法は、所定量の非反応性粉末を成形ビンに分散且つ充填することから始まる(ステップ300)。必要な量の粉末が分散され且つ充填されると(ステップ300)、SFF装置は、新たに分散された非反応性粉末の層の中に樹脂を選択的に堆積させる(310)。樹脂の層が非反応性粉末中に噴射され終わると、SFF装置は、その樹脂/粉末混合物(図2の250)に超音波エネルギーを任意で印加して(ステップ320)、粉末の中で噴射樹脂が分散するのを促進することができる。オプションとして超音波エネルギーを印加すると、SFF装置は、堆積されている樹脂を紫外線(UV)放射の印加によって硬化させる(ステップ330)。あるいは、樹脂を各層の後で部分的に硬化させ、後続の層への付着を支援させてもよい。この代替実施態様に従い、幾つかのパス/層が完了し終わった後でだけ、硬化作業が完了されることになろう。UV放射の印加(330)後、所望の三次元物体を形成するための材料の分配作業が完了したと、オペレータ又は演算デバイスが判断した場合(YES、ステップ340)、樹脂滴がそれ以後発射されることはない。しかし、材料の分配作業が完了していない場合(NO、ステップ340)、オペレータ又は演算デバイスによる判断に応じて、SFF装置が、再度、所定量の非反応性粉末を分散且つ充填させることができ(ステップ300)、そのプロセスが再度実行される。次に、図4A〜図4Dを参照して上述の図3の各ステップを詳細に説明することにする。
図5は、二液型樹脂材料を取り入れている好例の代替実施態様に従って、本願のSFFの方法とシステムを実行するための方法を図解したものである。図5に示した実施態様は、説明の容易化のため、二液型樹脂材料を取り入れているSFFの方法とシステムで記述されているが、本願のシステムと方法は、二液型樹脂材料に限定されるものではなく、任意数の樹脂材料を使って実施することができる。
1つの好適な実施態様に従うと、二液型噴射樹脂の反応性構築材料は、エポキシであってよく二液型噴射樹脂の硬化剤は、エポキシ基と反応してそのエポキシド環構造(群)を開く物質であってよい。この場合エポキシド環と反応できる官能基の例は、アミノ基、ヒドロキシル基、及びカルボキシル基である。一実施態様において、反応性構築材料はエポキシであってよく硬化剤は、そのエポキシと反応して凝結組成を生成する、4個の活性水素原子を有する分子を含んでよい。さらに、少なくとも6個の又は8個以上もの活性水素原子が存在できる。硬化剤のエポキシ分子間の共有架橋結合は、硬質で強靭な両機械的特性を有する立体三次元物体を形成することができる。ビスフェノール含有のエポキシ樹脂も硬化剤としてのアミンと共に反応性構築材料として用いることができる。使用し得る幾つかの典型的なアミン硬化剤には、テトラエチレンペンタミン、トリエチレンテトラミン、ポリエチレンポリアミン類、ジエチレントリアミン、2,2,4トリメチル−1,6ヘキサンジアミン、及び脂肪族アミンがある。硬化剤の種類として、幾つかを挙げれば、脂肪族アミン、脂環式アミン、芳香族アミン、ポリアミン、オリゴアミン、ポリイミン、ポリアミド、アミドアミン、二シアンアミド、アルコールアミン、カルボン酸の無水物、ダイマー及びトリマーを含むカルボン酸、及び多官能性アルコールが含まれる。n−ブチルグリシジルエーテル、1,4ブタンジオールジグリシジルエーテル、及びアルキルグリシジルエーテルのような、ある種のエーテルもエポキシ樹脂と共に含有させることができる。さらに、多数の市販製品もエポキシ樹脂及びアミン硬化剤の二液型化学薬品として利用でき、それらには、Emerson and CummingsからのStycast W19/Catalyst 9、Epo−TekからのOG205及び301、VanticoからのRen Infiltrant xi580、及びDowからのDER324(エポキシ樹脂)、DER732(エポキシ樹脂)、DEH29(アミン硬化剤)及び/又はDEH58(アミン硬化剤)、等が含まれる。
二液型反応性樹脂の代替例の1つは、上に説明したシステムと方法に二液型UV硬化性樹脂を取り入れることである。上述のように、二液型UV硬化性材料の2成分は、限定するものではないが、UV開始剤と構築材料を含むことができる。
230 ローラー
240,400,600 非反応性粉末
260 基板
410 反応性樹脂
450,640 三次元の立体自由形状成形物体(三次元物体)
Claims (7)
- 基板上に非反応性粉末を分散するステップと、
前記非反応性粉末へ二液型UV硬化性樹脂の2つの成分を選択的に分配するステップと、
前記2つの成分と前記非反応性粉末を混合して、前記三次元物体を作り出す混合物を形成するステップと、
前記2つの成分にUVを印加して、前記非反応性粉末をカプセル封止するステップとを有し、
前記二液型UV硬化性樹脂の2つの成分は、接触すると反応して少なくとも部分的に硬化する2つの成分を含むことを特徴とする、非反応性粉末を使って三次元の立体自由形状成形物体を作り出す方法。 - 前記2つの成分は、UV開始剤と化合物を含むことを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記UV開始剤は、UV放射に曝されると重合反応を開始するフリーラジカル開始剤を含むことを特徴とする、請求項2に記載の方法。
- 前記UV開始剤は、不活性な揮発性溶媒に溶解させていることを特徴とする、請求項2に記載の方法。
- 前記化合物は、3次元物体の機械的性質を決めるアクリル系化合物を含むことを特徴とする、請求項2に記載の方法。
- 前記UV開始剤と前記化合物は、前記非反応性粉末に選択的に、同時に供給することを特徴とする、請求項2に記載の方法。
- 前記UV開始剤と前記化合物は、前記非反応性粉末に選択的に、互い違いに2つの成分を供給することを特徴とする、請求項2に記載の方法。
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