JP4777198B2 - Ultrasonic sensor - Google Patents

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JP4777198B2
JP4777198B2 JP2006245746A JP2006245746A JP4777198B2 JP 4777198 B2 JP4777198 B2 JP 4777198B2 JP 2006245746 A JP2006245746 A JP 2006245746A JP 2006245746 A JP2006245746 A JP 2006245746A JP 4777198 B2 JP4777198 B2 JP 4777198B2
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outer case
ultrasonic sensor
metal
acoustic matching
layer
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智夫 五明
和之 浅野
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Aichi Tokei Denki Co Ltd
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Description

本発明は、超音波センサ、特に、水素用超音波流量計、高温気体用超音波流量計など気体用超音波流量計に使用するに好適な超音波センサに関する。   The present invention relates to an ultrasonic sensor, and more particularly to an ultrasonic sensor suitable for use in an ultrasonic flow meter for gas, such as an ultrasonic flow meter for hydrogen and an ultrasonic flow meter for high-temperature gas.

従来、超音波センサとして、図２に示すように、金属製の外ケース１と、外ケース１の内壁１bに配される圧電体５と、外ケース１の外壁１aに配される、ガラスバルーン入りエポキシ樹脂からなる音響整合層２と、外ケース１と音響整合層２とを接合するエポキシ樹脂の接着剤からなる接合層３とからなり、圧電体５と外ケース１とにリード線６、７を接続した構造の超音波センサ（以下、第１の従来例という。）が知られている（例えば、特許文献１参照）。   Conventionally, as an ultrasonic sensor, as shown in FIG. 2, a metal outer case 1, a piezoelectric body 5 disposed on an inner wall 1 b of the outer case 1, and a glass balloon disposed on an outer wall 1 a of the outer case 1. An acoustic matching layer 2 made of an epoxy resin, and a joining layer 3 made of an epoxy resin adhesive that joins the outer case 1 and the acoustic matching layer 2, with lead wires 6 connected to the piezoelectric body 5 and the outer case 1. 7 is known (hereinafter referred to as a first conventional example) (see, for example, Patent Document 1).

また、従来からの他の超音波センサとして、図３に示すように、外ケース１と音響整合層２とをガラスバルーン入りエポキシ樹脂８にて一体化させ、接合層３を排除した構造の超音波センサ（以下、第２の従来例という。）が知られている。
特開２００２−３２５２９７公報（第２〜４段落、図３） As another conventional ultrasonic sensor, as shown in FIG. 3, an outer case 1 and an acoustic matching layer 2 are integrated with an epoxy resin 8 containing a glass balloon, and a superstructure having a structure in which the bonding layer 3 is eliminated. A sound wave sensor (hereinafter referred to as a second conventional example) is known.
JP 2002-325297 A (2nd to 4th paragraphs, FIG. 3)

しかし、第１の従来例には、利点として、音響整合層２に樹脂材料を使用しているため、音響整合層２に必要とされる物性つまり音響インピーダンス（音速と密度の積）が小さいという物性を有しているものの、(1)音響整合層２の耐熱温度が低い、(2)外ケース１が金属材料であり、かつ接合層３及び音響整合層２がそれぞれ樹脂材料であるため、外ケース１と接合層３及び音響整合層２との線膨張係数に差異が有り、熱応力が大きい、(3)音響整合層２が水素雰囲気中で腐食し易いという問題がある。   However, since the first conventional example uses a resin material for the acoustic matching layer 2, the physical properties required for the acoustic matching layer 2, that is, the acoustic impedance (product of sound speed and density) is small. Although it has physical properties, (1) the heat-resistant temperature of the acoustic matching layer 2 is low, (2) the outer case 1 is a metal material, and the bonding layer 3 and the acoustic matching layer 2 are resin materials, respectively. There is a difference in the coefficient of linear expansion between the outer case 1, the bonding layer 3 and the acoustic matching layer 2, and there is a problem that the thermal stress is large, and (3) the acoustic matching layer 2 is easily corroded in a hydrogen atmosphere.

また、第２の従来例には、利点として、接合層３が不要になるため熱応力が発生しない点を挙げることができるが、外ケース１と音響整合層２を兼ねる部材が樹脂材料であることにより、(1)耐熱温度が低い、(2)水素雰囲気中で腐食し易い、(3)外ケースを透過し水素が通電部に侵入するという問題がある。   In addition, the second conventional example has an advantage that no thermal stress is generated because the bonding layer 3 is unnecessary, but the member serving as the outer case 1 and the acoustic matching layer 2 is a resin material. As a result, there are problems that (1) the heat-resistant temperature is low, (2) it is easily corroded in a hydrogen atmosphere, and (3) hydrogen penetrates the outer case and enters the current-carrying part.

なお、その他の従来例として、音響整合層に発泡セラミック、発泡カーボンなどを使用したものが知られているが、樹脂材料からなる接合層に熱応力が発生し易いという問題があり、また、従来から接合層にガラス融着層を用いたものが知られているが、ガラス融着層が熱応力によって破損しやすいため、外ケース及び音響整合層の線膨張係数をガラスの線膨張係数に合わせ込む必要があり、外ケース及び音響整合層の材料選択の幅が著しく限定されるという問題がある。   As other conventional examples, those using foamed ceramic, foamed carbon, etc. for the acoustic matching layer are known, but there is a problem that thermal stress is easily generated in the joining layer made of a resin material. However, since the glass fusion layer is easily damaged by thermal stress, the linear expansion coefficient of the outer case and the acoustic matching layer is matched to the linear expansion coefficient of the glass. There is a problem that the range of material selection for the outer case and the acoustic matching layer is significantly limited.

本発明は、上記のような従来技術の問題点を解決し、簡素な構成で、水素雰囲気中で腐食しにくく、熱応力が小さく、音響整合層の耐熱温度が高く、しかも、音響インピーダンスが小さい超音波センサを提供することを目的とする。   The present invention solves the problems of the prior art as described above, has a simple structure, is difficult to corrode in a hydrogen atmosphere, has low thermal stress, has a high heat resistance temperature of the acoustic matching layer, and has low acoustic impedance. An object is to provide an ultrasonic sensor.

本発明の超音波センサは、外ケースと圧電体と音響整合層と接合層とからなり、前記外ケースの外壁に前記音響整合層を配するとともに前記外ケースの内壁に前記圧電体を配し、前記外ケースと前記音響整合層とを前記接合層により接合する超音波センサにおいて、前記外ケースは金属からなるとともに、前記音響整合層は発泡金属からなり、かつ、前記接合層は金属溶接からなり、前記圧電体は、絶縁シートを介して前記外ケースの内壁に配設され、該圧電体への通電時、該外ケースへの通電を遮断することを特徴とする。 The ultrasonic sensor according to the present invention includes an outer case, a piezoelectric body, an acoustic matching layer, and a bonding layer. The acoustic matching layer is disposed on the outer wall of the outer case, and the piezoelectric body is disposed on the inner wall of the outer case. In the ultrasonic sensor for joining the outer case and the acoustic matching layer by the joining layer, the outer case is made of metal, the acoustic matching layer is made of foam metal, and the joining layer is made of metal welding. Do Ri, the piezoelectric body is disposed on the inner wall of the outer case through an insulating sheet, upon energization of the piezoelectric body, characterized by interrupting the power supply to the outer casing.

本発明の超音波センサによると、音響整合層が発泡金属からなるため、音響整合層の耐熱温度が高くなるとともに、音響インピーダンスを小さくすることが可能となる。また、外ケースが金属からなり、音響整合層が発泡金属からなり、接合層が金属溶接からなるため、各部の線膨張係数がほぼ均一になり、熱応力が小さくなるとともに、水素雰囲気中で腐食しにくくなる。また、本発明の超音波センサは、上記のような構成なため、構成が簡素化される。   According to the ultrasonic sensor of the present invention, since the acoustic matching layer is made of foam metal, the heat resistance temperature of the acoustic matching layer is increased and the acoustic impedance can be reduced. In addition, the outer case is made of metal, the acoustic matching layer is made of foam metal, and the joining layer is made of metal welding, so that the linear expansion coefficient of each part is almost uniform, thermal stress is reduced, and corrosion occurs in a hydrogen atmosphere. It becomes difficult to do. Moreover, since the ultrasonic sensor of the present invention has the above-described configuration, the configuration is simplified.

ここで、前記発泡金属は、発泡ステンレス又は発泡アルミニウムからなる。発泡ステンレス及び発泡アルミニウムは、いずれも耐熱性、耐久性に優れ、また、水素雰囲気中において脆化しにくいなどの性質を有する。   Here, the foam metal is made of foam stainless steel or foam aluminum. Both foamed stainless steel and foamed aluminum are excellent in heat resistance and durability, and have properties such that they are not easily embrittled in a hydrogen atmosphere.

また、前記圧電体は、絶縁シートを介して前記外ケースの内壁に配設される。絶縁シートは、圧電体への印加電圧による電流を外ケース側に流さない作用をする。このため、超音波センサを水素雰囲気中で使用する場合に、水素に曝される外ケース、接合層及び音響整合層に対して通電が行われなくなり、耐防爆性を向上させることができる。   The piezoelectric body is disposed on the inner wall of the outer case via an insulating sheet. The insulating sheet acts to prevent current due to the voltage applied to the piezoelectric body from flowing to the outer case side. For this reason, when the ultrasonic sensor is used in a hydrogen atmosphere, energization is not performed on the outer case, the bonding layer, and the acoustic matching layer exposed to hydrogen, and the explosion resistance can be improved.

以下、本発明の実施形態を図面に基づいて説明する。   Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

図１は、本発明の一実施形態に係る超音波センサの構成図を示す。   FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram of an ultrasonic sensor according to an embodiment of the present invention.

図１において、超音波センサは、金属製例えばSUS316製の外ケース１を備える。   In FIG. 1, the ultrasonic sensor includes an outer case 1 made of metal, for example, SUS316.

外ケース１の外壁１aには、発泡金属例えば発泡ステンレス（発泡SUS316）又は発泡アルミニウムからなる音響整合層２が配され、音響整合層２は、金属溶接例えば銀ろう付け又は半田付けにより外ケース１に固着され、外ケース１と音響整合層２との間に、金属溶接からなる接合層３が形成される。発泡ステンレス及び発泡アルミニウムは、いずれも耐熱性、耐久性に優れ、また、水素雰囲気中において脆化しにくいなどの性質を有する。なお、発泡金属２は、発泡銅であってもよい。   The outer wall 1a of the outer case 1 is provided with an acoustic matching layer 2 made of foamed metal such as foamed stainless steel (foamed SUS316) or foamed aluminum. The acoustic matching layer 2 is formed by metal welding such as silver brazing or soldering. The joining layer 3 made of metal welding is formed between the outer case 1 and the acoustic matching layer 2. Both foamed stainless steel and foamed aluminum are excellent in heat resistance and durability, and have properties such that they are not easily embrittled in a hydrogen atmosphere. The foam metal 2 may be foam copper.

発泡金属２の密度は、０.１〜０.４g/cm3に設定することが、発泡金属２の強度を確保しつつ小さな音響インピーダンスを得る上で好ましい。また、発泡金属２の気泡粒径は、３０〜３００μmに設定することが好ましく、気泡は閉気泡であることが好ましい。また、発泡金属２の音響インピーダンスは、０．６×１０6〜２×１０6Pa・s/m3に設定することが好ましい。 The density of the foam metal 2 is preferably set to 0.1 to 0.4 g / cm 3 in order to obtain a small acoustic impedance while ensuring the strength of the foam metal 2. Moreover, it is preferable to set the bubble particle size of the metal foam 2 to 30-300 micrometers, and it is preferable that a bubble is a closed cell. The acoustic impedance of the foam metal 2 is preferably set to 0.6 × 10 6 to 2 × 10 6 Pa · s / m 3 .

外ケース１の内壁１bには、絶縁シート例えばポリイミドフィルム４を介して圧電体５が配設され、圧電体５には、外部からリード線６、７が接続され、所定周波数の電圧が印加される。   A piezoelectric body 5 is disposed on an inner wall 1b of the outer case 1 via an insulating sheet such as a polyimide film 4, and lead wires 6 and 7 are connected to the piezoelectric body 5 from the outside, and a voltage having a predetermined frequency is applied. The

絶縁シート４は、圧電体５への印加電圧による電流を外ケース１側に流さない作用をする。このため、超音波センサを水素雰囲気中で使用する場合に、水素に曝される外ケース１、接合層３及び音響整合層２に対して通電が行われなくなり、耐防爆性を向上させることができる。   The insulating sheet 4 acts to prevent a current due to the voltage applied to the piezoelectric body 5 from flowing to the outer case 1 side. For this reason, when the ultrasonic sensor is used in a hydrogen atmosphere, the outer case 1, the bonding layer 3, and the acoustic matching layer 2 exposed to hydrogen are not energized, and the explosion resistance can be improved. it can.

以上説明したように、本実施形態の超音波センサは、外ケース１と圧電体５と音響整合層２と接合層３とからなり、外ケース１の外壁１aに音響整合層２を配するとともに外ケース１の内壁１bに圧電体５を配し、外ケース１と音響整合層２とを接合層３により接合する超音波センサにおいて、外ケース１は金属からなるとともに、音響整合層２は発泡金属からなり、かつ、接合層３は金属溶接からなる。   As described above, the ultrasonic sensor according to this embodiment includes the outer case 1, the piezoelectric body 5, the acoustic matching layer 2, and the bonding layer 3, and the acoustic matching layer 2 is disposed on the outer wall 1 a of the outer case 1. In the ultrasonic sensor in which the piezoelectric body 5 is disposed on the inner wall 1b of the outer case 1 and the outer case 1 and the acoustic matching layer 2 are joined by the joining layer 3, the outer case 1 is made of metal and the acoustic matching layer 2 is foamed. It consists of metal, and the joining layer 3 consists of metal welding.

本実施形態の超音波センサによると、音響整合層２が発泡金属からなるため、音響整合層２の耐熱温度が高くなるとともに、音響インピーダンスを小さくすることが可能となる。また、外ケース１が金属からなり、音響整合層２が発泡金属からなり、接合層３が金属溶接からなるため、各部の線膨張係数がほぼ均一になり、熱応力が小さくなるとともに、水素雰囲気中で腐食しにくくなる。また、本実施形態の超音波センサは、上記のような構成なため、構成が簡素化される。   According to the ultrasonic sensor of the present embodiment, since the acoustic matching layer 2 is made of foam metal, the heat resistance temperature of the acoustic matching layer 2 is increased and the acoustic impedance can be reduced. Further, since the outer case 1 is made of metal, the acoustic matching layer 2 is made of foam metal, and the joining layer 3 is made of metal welding, the linear expansion coefficient of each part becomes almost uniform, the thermal stress is reduced, and the hydrogen atmosphere It becomes difficult to corrode inside. Moreover, since the ultrasonic sensor according to the present embodiment has the above-described configuration, the configuration is simplified.

本発明の一実施形態に係る超音波センサの構成図である。It is a block diagram of the ultrasonic sensor which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention. 第１の従来例に係る超音波センサの構成図である。It is a block diagram of the ultrasonic sensor which concerns on a 1st prior art example. 第２の従来例に係る超音波センサの構成図である。It is a block diagram of the ultrasonic sensor which concerns on a 2nd prior art example.

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

１ 外ケース
１a 外壁
１b 内壁
２ 音響整合層
３ 接合層
４ 絶縁シート
５ 圧電体
６、７ リード線 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Outer case 1a Outer wall 1b Inner wall 2 Acoustic matching layer 3 Joining layer 4 Insulation sheet 5 Piezoelectric 6, 6 Lead wire

Claims (6)

外ケースと圧電体と音響整合層と接合層とからなり、前記外ケースの外壁に前記音響整合層を配するとともに前記外ケースの内壁に前記圧電体を配し、前記外ケースと前記音響整合層とを前記接合層により接合する超音波センサにおいて、
前記外ケースは金属からなるとともに、前記音響整合層は発泡金属からなり、かつ、前記接合層は金属溶接からなり、前記圧電体は、絶縁シートを介して前記外ケースの内壁に配設され、該圧電体への通電時、該外ケースへの通電を遮断することを特徴とする超音波センサ。 An outer case, a piezoelectric body, an acoustic matching layer, and a bonding layer. The acoustic matching layer is disposed on the outer wall of the outer case, and the piezoelectric body is disposed on the inner wall of the outer case. In an ultrasonic sensor for joining a layer with the joining layer,
Together with the outer casing is made of metal, the acoustic matching layer is made of foam metal, and the bonding layer is Ri Do metal welding, the piezoelectric body is disposed on the inner wall of the outer case through an insulating sheet An ultrasonic sensor that cuts off the energization to the outer case when energizing the piezoelectric body . 前記発泡金属は、発泡ステンレス又は発泡アルミニウムからなることを特徴とする請求項１に記載の超音波センサ。   The ultrasonic sensor according to claim 1, wherein the foam metal is made of foam stainless steel or foam aluminum. 前記発泡金属の密度を０．１〜０．４g/cm3としたことを特徴とする請求項１〜２のいずれかに記載の超音波センサ。 Ultrasonic sensor according to any of claims 1-2, characterized in that the density of the metal foam and 0.1 to 0.4 g / cm 3. 前記発泡金属の気泡粒径を３０〜３００μmとしたことを特徴とする請求項１〜３のいずれかに記載の超音波センサ。 The ultrasonic sensor according to any one of claims 1 to 3 , wherein the foam metal has a bubble particle size of 30 to 300 µm. 前記発泡金属の音響インピーダンスを０．６×１０6〜２×１０6Pa・s/m3としたことを特徴とする請求項１〜４のいずれかに記載の超音波センサ。 The ultrasonic sensor according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the said metal foam 0.6 × 10 6 ~2 × acoustic impedance of 10 6 Pa · s / m 3 . 外ケースと圧電体と音響整合層と接合層とからなり、前記外ケースの外壁に前記音響整合層を配するとともに前記外ケースの内壁に前記圧電体を配し、前記外ケースと前記音響整合層とを前記接合層により接合し、水素雰囲気中に曝される超音波センサにおいて、
前記外ケースは金属からなるとともに、前記音響整合層は発泡金属からなり、かつ、前記接合層は金属溶接からなり、前記圧電体は、絶縁シートを介して前記外ケースの内壁に配設され、該圧電体への通電時、該外ケースへの通電を遮断することを特徴とする超音波センサ。 An outer case, a piezoelectric body, an acoustic matching layer, and a bonding layer. The acoustic matching layer is disposed on the outer wall of the outer case, and the piezoelectric body is disposed on the inner wall of the outer case. In an ultrasonic sensor in which a layer is bonded by the bonding layer and exposed to a hydrogen atmosphere,
The outer case is made of metal, the acoustic matching layer is made of foam metal, and the joining layer is made of metal welding, and the piezoelectric body is disposed on the inner wall of the outer case via an insulating sheet, An ultrasonic sensor characterized in that the energization to the outer case is cut off when energizing the piezoelectric body .
JP2006245746A 2006-09-11 2006-09-11 Ultrasonic sensor Expired - Fee Related JP4777198B2 (en)

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