JP4733817B2 - Stereo microscope - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a stereomicroscope such as a surgical microscope suitable for simultaneously observing an observation image of an observation object and an image displayed on an image display means.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventional stereo microscopes such as surgical microscopes have been used for neurosurgery, otolaryngology, ophthalmology and other surgical operations, and have provided an observer with magnified observation of the surgical site and played an important role in improving the efficiency of surgery. . In recent years, not only magnified images of the surgical site with a stereomicroscope, but also tomographic and endoscopic images of the surgical site and its surroundings using CT, MR, and ultrasound, and images of navigation systems that are surgical support devices, etc. For example, medical images effective for surgery can be obtained during surgery. Therefore, it is desired that an observation image of an observation object and various images such as a CT / MR / ultrasonic tomographic image, an endoscopic observation image, and a navigation system image can be simultaneously observed while looking through a stereomicroscope during the operation. .
Conventionally, the following two means are known as means for observing other images simultaneously while looking through such a stereomicroscope.
[0003]
In the technique described in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 10-333047, the − portion of the microscope observation image is shielded from light, and the image displayed on the image display means is projected onto the portion using the projection optical system, so that the observer can observe the microscope observation image. The image can be simultaneously observed in a part of the image.
Further, the technique described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 5-215971 uses an optical path synthesizing unit to superimpose a microscope optical system optical path and a light beam emitted from an image displayed on the image display unit, and to share both with a common imaging optical system. The image formed and superimposed on the microscope observation image and displayed on the image display means can be simultaneously observed as a superimposed image.
The former method is suitable for observing a combination of an endoscopic image and a microscopic observation image that cause images to spoil each other when observed as a precise image or an image that overlaps with another image, and the latter. This means is suitable for observing a simple image, a navigation image, etc. simultaneously with a microscope observation image.
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, when the above two technologies are combined so that various images can be observed simultaneously with the observation apparatus in accordance with the properties of the images, the optical elements of the means described in the above two technologies are placed in the stereomicroscope housing. It must be built in, and it becomes very large. In a stereomicroscope, particularly a surgical microscope, it is essential to reduce the size of the microscope portion in order to improve workability. However, the combination of the technique disclosed in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 10-333047 and the technique disclosed in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 5-215971 is small. It was impossible.
[0005]
Therefore, the present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and by simple switching, a superimposed image of the microscope image and the image displayed on the image display means, a part of the microscope image, the microscope image and the image It is an object of the present invention to provide a compact stereomicroscope with good workability, which enables simultaneous observation of an optimal microscope image and image according to the nature of the image.
[0006]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
  In order to achieve the above object, the stereomicroscope of the present invention is a stereomicroscope capable of simultaneously observing the observation image of the observation object and the image displayed on the image display means.The polarized light path combining means in which the linear polarization directions are orthogonal between transmission and reflection are used to superimpose the light flux from the observation object and the light flux from the image display means, and the polarization of both the light fluxes after being superposed Make the directions orthogonal to each other,When the superimposed light fluxes are partially transmitted with different polarization characteristics, it is possible to partially separate the light flux from the observation object and the light flux from the image display means.BiasAn optical means is arranged on the optical path of the superposed light flux so as to be rotated by 90 degrees about the optical axis of the light flux, and the observation image of the observation object and the image displayed on the image display means are observed simultaneously. In addition, the observation image and the display range of the image can be switched.
[0007]
  Also,BookThe stereomicroscope of the invention isThe polarization optical path combining means is disposed on the optical path from the image display means, the first polarization means for imparting polarization characteristics to the light beam from the observation object disposed on the optical path from the observation object, and A second polarizing means for giving the light beam from the image display means a polarization characteristic in a direction perpendicular to the polarization direction of the light beam from the observation object that has passed through the first polarizing means; and from the first and second polarizing means. Optical path combining means arranged on the optical path and superimposing the respective light beams transmitted through the first and second polarizing means.It is characterized by.
[0008]
  In addition, the stereomicroscope of the present invention isBiasThe light means is characterized in that it is arranged on or in the vicinity of an intermediate image plane on which the light flux from the observation object thus superimposed and the light flux from the image display means are imaged.
  In addition, the stereomicroscope of the present invention isBiasThe light means is characterized in that it can slide perpendicularly to the superposed light flux..
  MaThe stereo microscope of the present invention isBiasThe light means is composed of a polarizing plate and a λ / 2 plate disposed so as to be vertically movable with respect to the light beam superimposed just before viewed from the object side of the polarizing plate. Yes.
  In addition, the stereomicroscope of the present invention isBiasThe light means is constituted by a polarizing plate and a liquid crystal plate disposed immediately before viewed from the object side of the polarizing plate.
  Further, the stereomicroscope of the present invention includes the image display means, the first polarizing means, the second polarizing means, the frontBiasLight means, or the image display means, the polarized light path synthesis means and the frontBiasThe light means is incorporated in one housing and is detachable as a unit between the stereomicroscope main body part and the stereomicroscope binocular tube part.
  In addition, the stereomicroscope of the present invention isBiasA binocular tube in which the light means is arranged on or near the intermediate image plane in the binocular tube portion of the stereomicroscope has an Yanch eye width adjustment mechanism.
[0009]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
  Using the drawings belowStereo microscopeExamples will be described.
  The first, third, sixth, ninth, tenth, twelfth, thirteenth, fifteenth to twenty-second embodiments are reference examples of the present invention.
  The second, fourth, fifth, seventh, eighth, eleventh and fourteenth embodiments are embodiments of the present invention.
First embodiment
  FIG.Is the firstIt is an optical system arrangement | positioning block diagram of the surgical microscope which shows one Example. The observer's right eye side optical system is omitted and not shown.
  In the figure, 1 is an observation object, 2 is an objective optical system, 3 is a first polarizing plate, 4 is a polarization direction that the light beam from the observation object passes through the first polarizing plate, 5 is a small monitor as an image display means, 6 is an image projection optical system, 7 is a second polarizing plate, 8 is a polarization direction of a light beam emitted from the small monitor 5 after passing through the second polarizing plate 7, 9 is a beam splitter, 10 is an imaging optical system, 11 Is the polarization direction of the light beam from the observation object 1 after being superimposed by the beam splitter 9, 12 is the polarization direction of the light beam from the small monitor 5 after being superimposed by the beam splitter 9, and 13 is rotatably arranged. The third polarizing plate 14 is the polarization direction of the light beam after passing through the third polarizing plate 13. In this figure, the transmitted light beam becomes the light beam from the observation object 1, and the third polarizing plate 13 passes through the third polarizing plate 13. When rotated The light beam from the small monitor 5. When the third polarizing plate 13 is rotated by 45 °, the light beam from the observation object 1 and the light beam from the small monitor 5 are mixed. Reference numeral 15 denotes an eyepiece optical system, and 16 denotes an observer.
[0010]
That is, in the surgical microscope of the present embodiment, the first polarizing plate 3 is disposed on the optical path from the observation object 1 as the first polarizing means for giving the light beam from the observation object 1 a polarization characteristic. Further, the second polarizing plate 7 sets the polarization direction 8 in the direction orthogonal to the polarization direction 4 of the light beam from the observation object 1 that has passed through the first polarization means 3 to the light beam from the small monitor 5 that is the image display means. As the second polarizing means to be provided, it is disposed on the optical path from the small monitor 5. Further, the beam splitter 9 is configured to superimpose the respective light beams transmitted through the first polarizing plate 3 and the second polarizing plate 7 as optical path combining means. Further, a third polarizing plate 13 is disposed as a third polarizing means on the optical path where both light beams are superimposed.
Then, the light beam emitted from the observation object 1 and the light beam emitted from the small monitor 5 are transmitted through the first polarizing plate 3 and the second polarizing plate 6, respectively, and are given orthogonal polarization directions, and pass through the beam splitter 9. After being superimposed with the polarization directions being different and passing through the imaging optical system 10, they are sorted by the third polarizing plate 13 and magnified by the observer 16 through the eyepiece optical system 15.
Further, the observation image of the observation object 1 is selected by selecting the light beam transmitted through the third polarization plate 13 from the light beam from the observation object 1 and the light beam from the small monitor 5 based on the polarization characteristics of the third polarization plate 13. Any one of the images displayed on the small monitor 5 can be selected and observed.
[0011]
Since the microscope according to the present embodiment is configured as described above, the light beams once overlap each other, and the image that can be observed by the observer 16 while sharing the imaging optical system 10 and the like is the observation image of the observation object 1 and the small monitor 5. Not only a superimposed image with the image displayed above but also an observation image of the observation object 1 or an image displayed on the small monitor 5 can be observed.
Further, the third polarizing plate 13 can be arbitrarily rotated by the observer 16, and the polarization direction of the third polarizing plate 13 can be changed by the rotation, so that the image observed by the observer 16 can be viewed as an observation object. One observation image, an image displayed on the small monitor 5, and a superimposed image of both images can be arbitrarily switched and selected.
In the present embodiment, the two overlapping light beams are both linearly polarized and perpendicular to each other, but both may be circularly polarized and clockwise and counterclockwise.
[0012]
Second embodiment
  FIG.Is the firstFIG. 2 is a diagram mainly showing a configuration around a third polarizing plate in order to show improvements in addition to the third polarizing plate having the optical system arrangement shown in FIG. The observer's right eye side optical system is omitted and not shown.
  In the figure, 17 is an imaging optical system, 18 is a polarization state of two superposed light beams, 19 is a third polarizing plate, and a polarization characteristic (direction) is different by 90 ° between a portion indicated by 20 and a portion indicated by 21. ing. Reference numeral 22 denotes an observation image formed by forming a light beam that has passed through a portion indicated by 20 on the third polarizing plate 19, and 23 denotes a light beam that has passed through the portion indicated by 21 on the third polarizing plate 19. It is an observation image created by imaging.
  Reference numeral 15 denotes an eyepiece optical system, and 16 denotes an observer.
  That is, in the present embodiment, the third polarizing plate 19 has partially different polarization characteristics, and when the overlapping light flux is transmitted through the third polarizing means 19, the light flux from the observation object and the light flux from the image display means are used. It can be partially separated.
[0013]
Since this embodiment is configured in this way, the third polarizing plate 19 has a partially different polarization direction, so that the transmitted light beam is also partially different, and a part of the observation image of the observation object is converted into an image, or conversely. Both images can be observed at the same time by partially switching different images, for example, by making a part of the image an observation image of the observation object.
[0014]
Third embodiment
  FIG.Is the firstFIG. 3 is a diagram mainly showing a configuration around a third polarizing plate in order to show improvements in addition to the third polarizing plate having the optical system arrangement shown in FIG. The observer's right eye side optical system is omitted and not shown.
  In the figure, 26 is an imaging optical system, 27 is a polarization state of two superposed light beams, 28 is a third polarizing means, a polarizing beam splitter in which the polarization direction is orthogonal between reflection and transmission, and 29 is imaging optics. The second group lens of the system 26, 30 is an observation image formed by imaging the light beam that has passed through the polarization beam splitter 28, 31 is a prism that deflects the light beam reflected by the polarization beam splitter 28, 32 is the polarization beam splitter 28, prism An observation image formed by imaging a light beam reflected from 31, 33 denotes an eyepiece optical system for magnifying and observing two observation images 30 and 32, and 16 denotes an observer.
[0015]
Since the present embodiment is configured as described above, the light beams from the observation objects that overlap each other and the light beams from the small monitor 5 are separated by reflection and transmission by one polarization beam splitter 28, so that the respective images are independent from each other. The image can be projected to the selected place, and both images can be observed simultaneously.
[0016]
Fourth embodiment
  FIG.Is the firstFIG. 4 is a diagram mainly showing a configuration around a third polarizing plate in order to show improvements in addition to the third polarizing plate having the optical system arrangement shown in FIG. The observer's right eye side optical system is omitted and not shown.
  In the figure, 35 is an imaging optical system, 36 is a polarization state of two superimposed light beams, 37 is an imaging position of the imaging optical system 35, and 38 is a third polarization disposed on or near the imaging position 37. The plate 39 is a part of the third polarizing plate 38 whose polarization direction differs by 90 °, 40 is an eyepiece optical system, 16 is an observer, 42 is an observation image observed by the observer 16, and 43 is an observer 16. Among the observed images 42 observed by, an observation image formed by a light beam that has passed through a portion 39 whose polarization direction differs by 90 ° in only a part of the third polarizing plate 38, and 44 indicates a polarization direction of only a part of the third polarizing plate Shows observation images formed by light beams transmitted through portions other than the portion 39 that is 90 ° different from each other.
[0017]
Since the present embodiment is configured as described above, the separation of the light flux is performed on the imaging plane, and when the different images are partially switched and both images are observed at the same time, the boundary between the images is clarified. Can do.
[0018]
Example 5
  FIG.Is the firstFIG. 5 is a diagram mainly showing a configuration around the third polarizing plate in order to show improvements in addition to the third polarizing plate having the optical system arrangement shown in FIG. The observer's right eye side optical system is omitted and not shown.
  In the figure, 45 is an imaging optical system, 46 is a polarization state of two superposed light beams, 47 is an imaging position of the imaging optical system 45, 48 is an eyepiece optical system, 49 is a range that can be observed by the eyepiece optical system 48, The third polarizing plate 50 is 1.5 to 2 times larger in diameter than the range 49 that can be observed by the eyepiece optical system 48, is disposed on the image forming position 47, and is slidable on the image forming surface. , 51 is a part of the third polarizing plate 50 whose polarization direction is different by 90 °, 16 is an observer, 53 is an observation image observed by the observer 16, and 54 is an observation image observed by the observer 16. 53, an observation image formed by a light beam that has passed through a portion 51 whose polarization direction is 90 ° different from only a part of the third polarizing plate 50, and 55 is a portion other than the portion 51 whose polarization direction is 90 ° different from only a part of the third polarizing plate The observation image created by the light beam that has passed through It is shows.
[0019]
Since this embodiment is configured as described above, in addition to the effects obtained in the fourth embodiment, the third polarizing plate slides, while partially switching different images and simultaneously observing both images, and The ratio of the size of both images can be changed
[0020]
Sixth embodiment
  FIG.Is the firstFIG. 6 is a diagram mainly showing a configuration around a third polarizing plate in order to show improvements in addition to the third polarizing plate having the optical system arrangement shown in FIG. The observer's right eye side optical system is omitted and not shown.
  In the figure, 56 is an imaging optical system, 57 is a polarization state of two superimposed light beams, 58 is a third polarizing plate moved out of the optical path where the two light beams are superimposed, and 59 is a combination of the two superimposed light beams. An observation image formed by overlapping each other to form a superimposed image, 60 is an eyepiece optical system, and 16 is an observer.
[0021]
Since the present embodiment is configured as described above, when the third polarizing plate 58 is moved out of the optical path where the two light beams are overlapped, the overlapping stereoscopic microscope light beam and the image light beam are not separated again through the polarizing plate. It can be observed simultaneously as a bright multiple image with overlapping images.
[0022]
Example 7
  FIG.Is the firstFIG. 7 is a diagram mainly showing a configuration around a third polarizing plate in order to show improvements in addition to the third polarizing plate having the optical system arrangement shown in FIG. The observer's right eye side optical system is omitted and not shown.
  In the figure, 62 is an imaging optical system, 63 is a polarization state of two superposed light beams, 64 is a third polarizing plate, and 65 is a λ / 2 plate. The λ / 2 plate 65 is disposed immediately before viewed from the object side of the third polarizing plate 64. Reference numeral 66 denotes a portion where the third polarizing plate 64 and the λ / 2 plate 65 overlap each other, 67 denotes an observation image formed by forming a light beam that has passed through only the third polarizing plate 64, and 68 denotes an observation image formed with the third polarizing plate 64 and the λ / 2 plate 65. / 2 is an observation image formed by forming an image of the light beam that has passed through the overlapping portion 66 of the plate 65. Reference numeral 69 denotes an eyepiece optical system, and 16 denotes an observer.
[0023]
Since the present embodiment is configured as described above, since the light beam once overlapped by the light beam from the observation object and the light beam from the small monitor is transmitted through the λ / 2 plate 65, the polarization direction is changed by 90 °. The observation image and the image of the observation object can be switched without rotating the three polarizing plates 64. Further, by arranging the λ / 2 plate 65 to be movable and moving it, only the light beam transmitted through the λ / 2 plate 65 changes its polarization direction, and a part of the observation image of the observation object is converted into an image, or vice versa. Both images can be observed at the same time by partially switching different images.
[0024]
Example 8
  FIG.Is the firstFIG. 10 is a diagram mainly illustrating a configuration around a third polarizing plate in order to show improvements in addition to the third polarizing plate having the optical system arrangement shown in FIG. The observer's right eye side optical system is omitted and not shown.
  In the figure, 71 is a beam splitter, 72 is an imaging optical system, 73 is a polarization state of two superposed light beams, 74 is a third polarizing plate, and 75 is to change the polarization direction of a light beam that is transmitted when the voltage is turned ON / OFF. For example, a liquid crystal plate used in a transmission type liquid crystal monitor. The liquid crystal plate 75 is disposed immediately before viewed from the object side of the third polarizing plate 74. Reference numeral 76 denotes a range in which the polarized light in the liquid crystal plate 75 is changed and the third polarizing plate 74 overlaps, 77 denotes a controller for controlling the liquid crystal plate 75, and 78 denotes a range in which the polarization direction in the liquid crystal plate 75 is not changed. An observation image 79 is formed by forming an image of a light beam that has passed through a range where the third polarizing plate 74 overlaps, and 79 is transmitted through the range where the polarization direction of the liquid crystal plate 75 is changed and the third polarizing plate is overlapped. An observation image formed by image formation of a light beam, 80 is an eyepiece optical system, 16 is an observer, 82 is a small monitor, and is connected to a controller 77 to a portion 83 corresponding to a portion where the voltage of the liquid crystal plate 75 is turned on. Display the required image. Reference numeral 84 denotes an image projection optical system, and 85 denotes a second polarizing plate.
[0025]
Since the present embodiment is configured as described above, the light beam that has passed through the portion where the polarization characteristics of the liquid crystal plate 75 are changed out of the light beam that has once overlapped the light beam from the observation object and the light beam from the image display means (small monitor 82). Since only the polarization direction changes, it is possible to switch different images partially and simultaneously observe, such as changing a part of the observation image of the observation object into an image or conversely changing a part of the image into the observation image of the observation object. . At the same time, the controller 77 controlling the liquid crystal plate 75 also controls the small monitor 82 at the same time, and displays an image on the image display portion 83 of the small monitor 82 corresponding to the portion of the liquid crystal plate 75 where the polarization direction is changed. , It is possible to prevent the image to be seen from being displayed with vignetting.
[0026]
Ninth embodiment
  FIG.Is the firstIt is an optical system arrangement | positioning block diagram of the observation apparatus which shows 9 Examples. The observer's right eye side optical system is omitted and not shown.
  In the figure, 86 is an observation object, 87 is an objective optical system, 88 is a polarization beam splitter whose polarization direction is different between transmission and reflection, 89 is an imaging optical system, 89.5 is a polarization state of two superimposed light beams, 90 Is the third polarizing plate, 90.5 is the polarization direction of the light beam after passing through the third polarizing plate, 91 is an eyepiece optical system, 16 is an observer, 93 is a small monitor, and 94 is an image projection optical system. ing.
[0027]
That is, in the observation apparatus of the present embodiment, the light beam from the observation object 86 and the small monitor 93 as the image display means are used by using the polarization beam splitter 88 as the polarization optical path combining means in which the linearly polarized light directions are orthogonal in transmission and reflection. Are superposed on each other, and the polarization directions of the two superposed light fluxes are orthogonal to each other, and the third polarizing means 90 is disposed on the superposed optical path. Further, an observation image of the observation object is selected by selecting the light beam transmitted through the third polarization unit 90 from the light beam from the observation object 86 and the light beam from the small monitor 93 based on the polarization characteristics of the third polarization unit 90. Any one of the images displayed on the image display means can be selected and observed.
[0028]
Since the observation apparatus of this embodiment is configured as described above, the first polarizing plate 3, the second polarizing plate 7, and the beam splitter 9 shown in FIG. 1 described in the first embodiment are shown in FIG. 9 in this embodiment. In addition, one polarizing beam splitter 88 can serve as the same, and the number of parts of the two polarizing plates can be reduced while having the same effect as the first embodiment. In the first embodiment, both the light beam from the observation object 1 and the light beam from the small monitor 5 shown in FIG. 1 are reduced twice through the polarizing plates 3 and 7 and the beam splitter 9. Then, as shown in FIG. 9, the amount of light in this portion can be reduced only once through the polarizing beam splitter 88, and a bright observation image can be provided.
Further, the small monitor 93 in the present embodiment is replaced with a liquid crystal monitor having a polarization characteristic for the emitted light in advance, and is previously set in the same direction as the polarization direction given when the emitted light is reflected by the polarization beam splitter 88. If arranged, it is possible to prevent a light amount loss at the polarization beam splitter 88.
[0029]
10th embodiment
  10 and 11Is the first10 examples are shown.
  FIG. 10 is an arrangement diagram of the optical system of the binocular tube portion of the present embodiment.
  FIG. 10A is a front view of the arrangement of the optical system of the binocular tube portion of this embodiment, and FIG. 10B is a side view. In the figure, 500 is an imaging optical system, 501 is a deflecting mirror, 95 is an image rotator, 96 is a deflecting prism that internally reflects three times, 97 is a first polarizing plate as first polarizing means, and 98 is an electronic image display means. A small monitor, 99 is a deflection prism, 100 is an image projection optical system that projects an image displayed on the small monitor 98 onto the image forming position of the binocular tube imaging optical system 500, 101 is a deflection mirror, and 102 is a second polarization. A second polarizing plate 103, a beam splitter 103, an imaging position 104 of the imaging optical system 500, a third polarizing plate 105, which is a third polarizing means disposed on the imaging position 104, 106 An eyepiece optical system, 16 is an observer, and 108 is a surgical microscope main body.
[0030]
The light beam emitted from the surgical microscope main body 108 forms an image at the imaging position 104 immediately before the eyepiece optical system 106 through the imaging optical system 500, the deflection mirror 501, the image rotator 95, the deflection prism 96, and the like. A polarization direction that is transmitted through the first polarizing plate 97 in the middle is given.
The light beam emitted from the small monitor 98 forms an image at the image forming position 104 through the deflecting prism 99, the image projecting optical system 100, the deflecting mirror 101, etc., but passes through the second polarizing plate 102 in the middle. The polarization direction orthogonal to the polarization direction of the light beam emitted from the surgical microscope main body 108 is given.
These two light beams are superposed by the beam splitter 103, further selected entirely or partially by the third polarizing plate 105, and finally observed by the observer 16.
[0031]
FIG. 11 is a view showing that the binocular tube part of FIG. 10 is detachable from the surgical microscope main body part.
In FIG. 11, 109 is an observation object, 110 is a surgical microscope main body, 111 is a binocular tube unit incorporating the optical system shown in FIG. 10, 112 is a normal binocular tube unit, and 113 is an observer's eye. Each is shown. The binocular tube unit 111 and the normal binocular tube unit 112 shown in FIG. 10 are detachable from the surgical microscope main body 110.
[0032]
Since the present embodiment is configured as described above, the effects described in the first to ninth embodiments can be obtained by changing the optical system of only the binocular tube without changing the configuration of the surgical microscope main body. Furthermore, the binocular tube unit 111 and the normal binocular tube unit 112 shown in FIG. 10 can be systematically exchanged, so that an observer who does not require simultaneous observation of a surgical microscope observation image and an image can be used for surgery. The microscope main body remains the same, and observation with a normal binocular tube unit can be provided. In particular, surgical microscopes are often used jointly in neurosurgery, ophthalmology, orthopedic surgery, etc. in a single medical facility, and the usage pattern varies depending on each department. A microscope can be provided.
[0033]
If the beam splitter 103 in the present embodiment shown in FIG. 10 is configured by a polarizing beam splitter, the necessity of providing the first and second polarizing plates can be eliminated, and the number of parts can be reduced accordingly. . In addition, the double light loss caused by passing through the polarizing plate and the beam splitter can be reduced to only one light loss caused by the polarizing beam splitter, and a bright observation image can be provided to the observer.
[0034]
11th embodiment
  12 and 13Is the first11 examples are shown.
  FIG. 12 is an optical system arrangement configuration diagram of the intermediate lens barrel portion of the present embodiment.
  In the figure, 114 is a light beam emitted from a surgical microscope main body (not shown), 115 is a deflecting mirror, 116 is a front group of an afocal relay optical system, 117 is a deflecting prism, 118 is provided in place of the first and second polarizing means. The polarization beam splitter, which is the polarization optical path combining means, 119 is the intermediate image formation point of the afocal relay optical system, and 120 is the third polarization light which is the third polarization means arranged on the intermediate image formation point of the afocal relay optical system. Reference numeral 121 denotes a rear group of the afocal relay optical system, 123 denotes a light beam incident on a binocular tube optical system (not shown), 124 denotes a small monitor as electronic image display means, and 125 denotes an image displayed on the small monitor 124. The image projection optical systems that project onto the intermediate image forming point 119 of the focal relay optical system are shown.
[0035]
The light beam 114 emitted from the surgical microscope main body forms an image at the imaging position 119 of the afocal relay optical system through the deflecting mirror 115, the front group 116 of the afocal relay optical system, and the like. Is given a polarization direction that is transmitted through. The light beam emitted from the small monitor 124 forms an image at the intermediate imaging position 119 through the image projection optical system 125, but the light beam emitted from the surgical microscope main body through the polarizing beam splitter 118 in the middle. Are given directions of polarization that are orthogonal to each other and are superimposed on each other. Then, the superposed light fluxes are totally or partially sorted by the third polarizing plate 120, finally enter the binocular tube optical system, and are observed by an observer.
[0036]
FIG. 13 is a view showing that the intermediate lens barrel portion of FIG. 12 is detachable between the surgical microscope main body portion and the binocular barrel portion.
13, 126 is an observation object, 127 is a surgical microscope main body, 128 is an intermediate barrel unit incorporating the optical system shown in FIG. 12, 129 is a normal binocular tube unit, and 16 is an observer. Show.
[0037]
Since the present embodiment is configured as described above, the effects described in the first to ninth embodiments can be obtained by changing the optical system of only the intermediate barrel without changing the configuration of the surgical microscope main body and the binocular barrel. Further, the intermediate lens barrel unit 128 shown in FIG. 13 is detachable between the surgical microscope main body 127 and the binocular tube unit 129, and an observer who does not need to observe the surgical microscope observation image and the image simultaneously. Therefore, observation with a normal binocular tube unit can be provided while the surgical microscope main body remains the same. In particular, surgical microscopes are often used jointly in neurosurgery, ophthalmology, orthopedic surgery, etc. in a single medical facility, and the usage pattern varies depending on each department. A microscope can be provided.
[0038]
12th embodiment
  FIG.Is the firstIt is an optical system arrangement | positioning block diagram of the surgical microscope which shows 12 Examples.
  In the figure, 131 is an observation object, 132 is an objective optical system, 133 is a variable magnification optical system, 134 is a polarization beam splitter whose polarization direction is different between transmission and reflection, 135 is an afocal relay optical system, and 136 is an afocal relay optical system. A front group 135, a rear group 137 of the afocal relay optical system 135, and a binocular tube optical system 138 have a third polarizing plate built in an intermediate intermediate image point. Reference numeral 139 denotes an observer's eye, 140 denotes a small monitor, 141 denotes an image projection optical system, 142 denotes a CCD, and 143 denotes an imaging optical system.
[0039]
The polarization beam splitter 134 in the present embodiment works to guide a part of the light beam from the observation object 131 to the CCD 142, and the polarized light beams orthogonal to each other light beam from the observation object 131 and the light beam from the small monitor 140. A direction is given, and the function of superimposing and guiding to the front group 136 of the afocal relay optical system 135 is simultaneously performed.
Therefore, according to the present embodiment, the first and second polarizing plates can be omitted while having the effects described in the first to ninth embodiments, and the light amount is lost once while having the two functions described above. Therefore, it is possible to provide the observer with a very bright microscope observation image and simultaneous observation of the image.
[0040]
13th embodiment
  FIG.Is the firstIt is an optical system arrangement | positioning block diagram of the surgical microscope which shows 13 Examples.
  In the figure, 503 is an observation object, 144 is an objective optical system, 145 is a variable magnification optical system, 146 is a polarization beam splitter having different polarization directions for transmission and reflection, 147 is an afocal relay optical system, and 148 is an afocal relay optical system. 147 is an intermediate imaging point, 149 is a third polarizing plate arranged at or near the intermediate imaging point 148, 150 is a beam splitter, 151 is a binocular tube optical system, 16 is an observer, and 153 is an image display means , A small monitor 154 and an image projection optical system for projecting the image displayed on the small monitor 153 onto the intermediate image forming point 148 of the afocal relay optical system 147, respectively. The objective optical system 144 receives the light beam from the observation object 503 and emits it as an afocal light beam. The afocal relay optical system 147 is configured to form an afocal light beam from the objective optical system 144 at least once and emit the afocal light beam. The binocular tube optical system 151 includes a binocular tube portion imaging optical system 151a that re-images the afocal beam incident on the binocular tube portion from the afocal relay optical system 147, and a binocular tube that magnifies and observes the re-imaged image. And a partial imaging optical system 151b.
[0041]
The light beam from the observation object 503 forms an image at the imaging position 148 of the afocal relay optical system 147 through the objective optical system 144, the variable magnification optical system 145, and the front group 147a of the afocal relay optical system 147. Is given a polarization direction that is transmitted through the polarization beam splitter 146. The light beam emitted from the small monitor 153 forms an image at the intermediate imaging position 148 through the image projection optical system 154, but the polarized light beam emitted from the observation object 503 passes through the polarization beam splitter 146 in the middle. A direction of polarization orthogonal to the direction is given and superimposed on each other. Then, the superposed light fluxes are totally or partially selected by the third polarizing plate 149, and finally enter the two binocular tube optical systems 151 and are observed by two observers. .
In the present embodiment, two binocular tubes are connected, but it may be configured to be able to connect more than that.
[0042]
Since the surgical microscope of this embodiment is configured as described above, it is not necessary to provide a pair of small monitors, image projection optical systems, polarizing beam splitters, and third polarizing plates for each binocular tube. A small monitor, polarizing beam splitter, image projection optical system, and third polarizing plate can be used to provide simultaneous observation of surgical microscopic images and images to multiple observers via multiple binocular tubes. A miniaturized surgical microscope can be provided.
[0043]
In this embodiment, the zoom optical system and the afocal relay optical system are each provided in the surgical microscope optical system. However, as shown in FIG. The same effect as the configuration of FIG. 15 can be obtained only by adding a beam splitter, an image projection optical system, and a small monitor.
In FIG. 16, 505 is an observation object, 506 is an objective optical system, 507 is a variable magnification optical system, 508 is a polarization beam splitter, 509 is an afocal relay optical system, 510 is a third polarizing plate, 511 is a beam splitter, and 515 is binoculars. A cylindrical optical system, 16 is an observer, 513 is a small monitor, and 514 is an image projection optical system.
[0044]
14th embodiment
  FIG.Is the firstIt is an optical system arrangement configuration diagram of the binocular tube part of the operation microscope showing the 14th embodiment, in particular, the eye width adjustment mechanism part.
  In the figure, 155 is an imaging optical system, 156 is a deflection mirror, 157 is an image rotator, 158 is a deflection prism, 160 is an imaging position by the imaging optical system 155, 161 is a third polarizing plate, and 162 is an eyepiece optical system. Show. The eye width adjustment mechanism of the binocular tube portion shown in FIG. 17 is called the Yenchi type. As a feature, the deflection mirror 159 shifts to the outside of the left and right, and the imaging position 160 and the eyepiece optical system 162 are shifted accordingly. However, in order to compensate for the shortening of the optical path length, it is a mechanism that shifts diagonally upward to increase the distance between the left and right eyepiece optical systems. Further, unlike the Gtenten top type which is another eye width adjustment mechanism, there is a feature that the periphery of the eyepiece optical system does not rotate even when the eye width is adjusted.
[0045]
Since the present embodiment is configured as described above, when the third polarizing plate 161 is placed on the imaging position 160 of the imaging optical system 155, the third polarizing plate 161 itself may be rotated in accordance with the eye width adjustment. Therefore, when the microscopic observation image and the image are partially divided and observed simultaneously, the right and left images cannot be fused.
[0046]
FIG. 18 is a diagram in the case where a third polarizing plate is placed at the image forming position of a binocular tube optical system having a G-Tentop type eye width adjustment mechanism for comparison with the present embodiment.
FIG. 19 is a diagram showing left and right observation images when the third polarizing plate is placed at the image forming position of a binocular tube optical system having a G-Tentop type eye width adjustment mechanism.
In FIG. 18, 163 is an imaging optical system, 164 is a parallelogram prism for eye width adjustment, 165 is an optical axis incident on the parallelogram prism 164, 166 is an imaging position by the imaging optical system 163, and 167 is a third one. Polarizers 168 represent eyepiece optical systems, respectively.
19, 169 is an observation image that the observer can observe with the left eye, 170 is an observation image that the observer can observe with the right eye, 171 is a microscopic observation image portion in the left eye observation image, and 172 is a right eye observation image. A microscopic observation image portion, 173 indicates an image portion in the left-eye observation image, and 174 indicates an image portion in the right-eye observation image.
[0047]
As shown by the reference numeral 163 in the figure, the G-Tentop-type eye width adjustment mechanism is configured by rotating the left and right parallelogram prisms 164 in opposite directions around the optical axis 165 incident on the parallelogram prism 164. This is a mechanism for adjusting the distance between the eyepiece optical systems, and is characterized in that the optical elements from the parallelogram prism 164 to the eyepiece optical system 168 are rotated. When the third polarizing plate 167 is placed at the image forming position 166 of the binocular tube having the Gten-top type eye width adjusting mechanism, and the eye width is adjusted in order to partially divide the microscopic observation image and the image for simultaneous observation Since the third polarizing plate 167 rotates together with the eyepiece optical system 168 and the parallelogram prism 164, the left and right images can rotate in opposite directions as shown in FIG. A state of disappearing will occur.
In order to prevent this, a rotation correction mechanism for the third polarizing plate 167 must be built in, which would greatly increase the size of the binocular tube.
[0048]
15th embodiment
  FIG.Is the firstIt is an optical system arrangement | positioning block diagram of the surgical microscope which shows 15 Examples. The observer's right eye side optical system is omitted and not shown.
  In the figure, 178 is an observation object, 179 is an objective optical system, 180 is a polarization beam splitter whose polarization direction is different between transmission and reflection, 181 is a liquid crystal monitor which is an image display means in which the emitted light beam already has a polarization direction, 182 is the polarization direction of the light beam emitted from the liquid crystal monitor 181, 183 is the image projection optical system, 184 is the imaging optical system, 185 is the polarization direction of the microscope light beam after passing through the polarization beam splitter, and 186 is after reflection by the polarization beam splitter The polarization direction of the light beam emitted from the liquid crystal monitor 181, 187 indicates an eyepiece optical system, 16 indicates an observer, and 189 indicates an image obtained by overlapping the microscope observation image and the image observed by the observer 16. The polarizing beam splitter 180 is disposed in the optical path of the observation optical system, and inserts the light beam from the liquid crystal monitor 181 into the optical path of the observation optical system.
[0049]
Since the present embodiment is configured as described above, the polarization beam splitter 180 reflects only the S polarization direction with respect to the reflection surface and transmits only the P polarization direction, so that the light beam to be reflected by the polarization beam splitter 180 is originally S polarization direction. , The optical path can be inserted without loss of light quantity by the polarization beam splitter 180. Further, since the light beam emitted from the liquid crystal monitor 181 already has a polarization direction, the microscope can be used without losing the brightness of the liquid crystal monitor 181 by matching this polarization direction with the S polarization direction of the reflection surface of the polarization beam splitter 181. The image can be superimposed on the observation image, and in particular, when the microscope observation image and the image are displayed in an overlapping manner, it is possible to prevent the image from being hidden due to the brightness of the microscope observation image.
[0050]
Sixteenth embodiment
  FIG.Is the firstIt is an optical system arrangement | positioning block diagram of the surgical microscope which shows 16 Examples.
  In the figure, 190 is an observation object, 191 is an objective optical system, 192 is a deflecting prism, 193 is a first polarizing beam splitter whose polarization direction is different between transmission and reflection, 194 is a variable magnification optical system, and 195 is a left-eye microscope. 196 is the right-eye microscope light beam, 197 is the polarization direction of the left-eye microscope light beam 195 transmitted through the first polarizing beam splitter 193, and 198 is the right-eye light beam reflected by the first polarizing beam splitter 193. The polarization direction of the microscope light beam 196, 199 is a second polarization beam splitter, 200 is a deflecting prism, 201 is a monitor that is an image display means that does not have the polarization direction of the emitted light beam, 202 is an image projection optical system, and 203 is The polarization direction of the left-eye microscope light beam 195 transmitted through the second polarizing beam splitter 199, and 204 is the second polarized beam. The polarization direction of the right-eye microscope light beam 196 reflected by the blitter 199, 205 is the polarization direction of the light beam from the monitor 201 reflected from the second polarization beam splitter 199, and 206 is the second polarization beam splitter 199. , 207 is an imaging optical system, 208 is a third polarizing plate for the left eye, 209 is a third polarizing plate for the right eye, 210 is an eyepiece optical system, and 16 is an observation. 212, an observation image observed by the observer 16, 213 a microscope observation image portion, 214 an image portion, 215 a light source lamp, and 216 an illumination optical system.
[0051]
In the present embodiment, the first polarizing beam splitter 193 mixes the left-eye microscope light beam 195 and the right-eye microscope light beam 196 with their polarization directions orthogonal to each other, and changes the magnification through one variable power optical system 194. Then, the light beam is again separated into left and right light beams by the second polarizing beam splitter 199. The second polarizing beam splitter 199 mixes the light beam from the monitor 201 with the microscope light beam while separating the light beam from the monitor 201 into left and right light beams. Finally, the third polarizing plate 208 for the left eye and the third polarizing plate 209 for the right eye partially separate the microscopic observation image and the image to provide the observer with simultaneous observation of the microscopic observation image and the image. ing. The first polarization beam splitter 193 also receives illumination light from the light source lamp 215 and has a role of illuminating the observation object 190 coaxially with the left and right microscope light beams 195 and 196.
[0052]
Since this embodiment is configured in this way, many parts such as a variable magnification optical system and a polarizing prism of an illumination optical system are omitted while providing the observer with simultaneous observation of a microscope observation image and an image. Therefore, it is possible to provide an observer with a very small operating microscope with good workability.
[0053]
Seventeenth embodiment
  FIG.Is the firstIt is an optical system arrangement block diagram of the surgical microscope which shows 17th Example.
  FIG. 23 is an optical system arrangement configuration diagram showing a modification of the surgical microscope of the present embodiment.
  In FIG. 22, 600 is an observation object, 601 is an objective optical system, 602 is a variable magnification optical system, 604 is a first polarizing plate that is a first polarizing means, 605 is a beam splitter, and 606 is a small monitor that is an image display means, 607 is an image projection optical system, 608 is a second polarizing plate as a second polarizing means, 609 is an imaging optical system of a binocular tube portion, 610 is a third polarizing plate as a third polarizing means, 611 is an eyepiece optical system, Reference numeral 16 denotes an observer. In the figure, all the optical elements within the range surrounded by the reference numeral 613 are built in the surgical microscope main body housing, and all the optical elements within the range surrounded by the reference numeral 614 are inside the surgical microscope binocular tube housing. Built in.
  In FIG. 23, 615 is an observation object, 616 is an objective optical system, 617 is a variable power optical system, 618 is a first polarizing plate that is a first polarizing means, 619 is a beam splitter, 620 is a small monitor that is an image display means, 621 is an image projection optical system, 622 is a second polarizing plate that is a second polarizing means, 623 is a binocular tube imaging optical system, 624 is a deflecting prism, 625 is a third polarizing plate that is a third polarizing means, and 626 is An eyepiece optical system, 16 is an observer, 628 is a surgical microscope main body, 629 is a surgical microscope binocular tube, and 630 is an illumination optical system.
[0054]
Since the surgical microscope of the present embodiment is configured as described above, the same effect as that shown in the first embodiment can be obtained with the right eye of the observer, and the power cable of the small monitor 606 can also be used with the surgical microscope. By being incorporated in the main body housing, it is possible to prevent the cables and the like that are likely to be generated around the microscope from being broken, and to provide a less complicated surgical microscope.
In the present embodiment, the first and second polarizing plates 604 and 608 can be omitted if the beam splitter 605 is a polarizing beam splitter having different polarization directions for transmission and reflection. In this embodiment, the first, second, and third polarizing plates 604, 608, and 610, the beam splitter 605, the image projection optical system 607, and the small monitor 606 are disposed only in the optical system on the right eye side of the observer. However, it may be arranged in a binocular optical system. In FIG. 22, the beam splitter 605 is disposed after the variable power optical system 602, but may be disposed before the variable power optical system 602.
In FIG. 22, the light beam incident on the beam splitter 605 from the small monitor 606 is incident on the observer from the right side. However, as shown in FIG. On the other hand, if the small monitor 620, the image projection optical system 621, the second polarizing plate 622, and the beam splitter 619 are arranged so as to enter from the back side of the surgical microscope main body, the working space on the left and right sides of the surgical microscope can be increased. Therefore, a surgical microscope suitable for surgery can be provided.
[0055]
Example 18
  FIG.Is the firstIt is an optical system arrangement block diagram of the surgical microscope which shows 18th Example.
  In the figure, 700 is an observation object, 701 is an objective optical system, 702 is a variable magnification optical system, 703 is a first polarizing beam splitter, 704 is a first small monitor which is an image display means, 705 is an image projection optical system, and 706 is a first optical system. A two-polarization beam splitter, 707 is an imaging optical system, 708 is a first eyepiece optical system, 709 is a deflection prism, and 710 is a second eyepiece optical system. Here, the optical element in the range surrounded by reference numeral 711 is not shown in the figure, but is also arranged on the right side of the first eyepiece optical system 708 with respect to the observer, and the eyepiece of the arranged optical system. The optical system is a third eyepiece optical system. 712 is a second small monitor, 713 is a fourth eyepiece optical system, 16 is an observer, 715 is an observation image of an image displayed on the second small monitor 712, 716 is a microscope observation image of the observation object 700, and 717 is a first observation image. An observation image 718 of the image displayed on the small monitor 704 indicates a multiple image in which the observation image of the observation object 700 and the observation image of the image displayed on the first small monitor 704 are overlapped.
[0056]
The second polarizing beam splitter 706 can be rotated at the position where it is arranged, and can be moved out of the light beam.
Since the surgical microscope of the present embodiment is configured as described above, when the second polarization beam splitter 706 is arranged as shown in FIG. 24, the microscope light beam is transmitted through the second polarization beam splitter 706 and the first eyepiece optical The light beam from the first small monitor 704 is reflected by the second polarization beam splitter 706 and guided toward the second eyepiece optical system 710. The light beam from the second small monitor is always Since the exit pupils of the first, second, and fourth eyepiece optical systems 708, 710, and 713 are all overlapped at the pupil position of the observer 16 as shown in FIG. It is possible to simultaneously observe three images: a microscope observation image 716 and upper and lower images 715 and 717.
This display layout is optimal when performing surgery based on microscopic images. Endoscopic images and ultrasonic tomographic images can be displayed on the upper and lower images, and information useful for surgery can be obtained from these images. However, surgery can be performed while observing the center microscopic image.
[0057]
Further, when the second polarizing beam splitter 706 rotates 90 degrees and the direction of the reflected light of the second polarizing beam splitter 706 is arranged so as to face the front side perpendicular to the paper surface, the microscope light beam is reflected by the second polarizing beam splitter 706. Then, the light is guided toward a third eyepiece optical system (not shown), and the light beam from the first small monitor 704 is transmitted through the second polarization beam splitter 706 and guided toward the first eyepiece optical system 708. The light flux from the second small monitor 712 is always guided to the fourth eyepiece optical system 713, and the exit pupils of the first, second, and fourth eyepiece optical systems 708, 710, and 713 all overlap at the pupil position of the observer 16. Therefore, as shown by B in the figure, an image 717 displayed on the first small monitor 704 in the center, a microscope image 716 on the right, and an image 715 displayed on the second small monitor 712 on the center image 717 Three images can be observed simultaneously. This display layout is optimal when performing surgery based on an endoscopic image. When the endoscopic image is displayed in the center and the navigation image is displayed on the upper side, the right side microscopic image and the upper navigation image are displayed. Based on the above, surgery can be performed while observing the endoscope while attaching the orientation of the central endoscopic image.
[0058]
Further, when the second polarizing beam splitter 706 is moved out of the light beam, the microscope light beam superimposed by the first polarizing beam splitter 703 and the light beam from the first small monitor 704 are superimposed and transmitted through the imaging optical system 707a. The first image is observed by the first eyepiece optical system 708 as a superimposed image. The light flux from the second small monitor 712 is always guided to the fourth eyepiece optical system 713, and the exit pupils of the first and fourth eyepiece optical systems 708 and 713 overlap with each other at the pupil position of the observer 16. As shown, a superimposed image 718 in which a microscope image and an image displayed on the first small monitor 704 overlap each other at the center, and an image 715 displayed on the second small monitor 712 thereon can be observed simultaneously. This display layout is optimal when navigating the viewer through navigation, with the navigation indicator and outline highlighting superimposed on the microscopic image at the center, and the viewer receives direct navigation instructions and attention. be able to. If an image supporting the orientation by the navigation image is displayed on the upper side, the viewer can be further supported.
[0059]
As described above, according to the present embodiment, various display layouts can be realized only by changing the arrangement of the second polarization beam splitter 706, and the viewer 16 can display various images according to the image quality. It is possible to provide a surgical microscope that can be provided at the same time as a microscope observation image and can provide various support for surgery.
[0060]
Nineteenth embodiment
  FIG.Is the firstIt is a side view of the optical system arrangement | positioning of the binocular tube part of the surgical microscope which shows 19th Example, FIG. 26 is the top view.
  In FIG. 25, 800 is a surgical microscope main body, 801 is an imaging optical system, 802 is a deflecting prism, 803 is a polarizing beam splitter, 804 is a third polarizing plate as third polarizing means, and 805 is a first eyepiece optical system. , 806 is a small monitor as image display means, 807 is a relay optical system, 808 is a deflecting prism, 809 is a second eyepiece optical system, 16 is an observer, 810.1 is a microscopic image, 810.2 is a microscopic image An image observation image displayed therein, 810.3, a superimposed image obtained by overlapping the microscope observation image and the image observation image, 810.4, a microscope observation image, and 810.5, an image observation image.
  FIG.Among them, 800 is a surgical microscope main body, 801 is an imaging optical system, 813 is a deflection mirror, 814 is an image rotator, 802 and 816 are deflection prisms, 803 is a polarization beam splitter, and 804 is a third polarization means. A polarizing plate, 805 is a first eyepiece optical system, 820 is a small monitor as an image display means, 807 is a relay optical system, 809 is a second eyepiece optical system, and 16 is an observer.
[0061]
A polarizing beam splitter 803 shown in FIG. 25 superimposes the light beam from the microscope and the light beam from the small monitor 806 while giving a polarization direction orthogonal to both light beams. Note that the exit surface toward the second eyepiece optical system 809 is shielded from light. Further, the polarization beam splitter 803 is configured to be movable out of the light beam.
The third polarizing plate 804 is partially configured as a polarizing plate having different polarization characteristics, and is also configured to be movable out of the light beam.
[0062]
Since the surgical microscope according to the present embodiment is configured as described above, both superimposed light beams emitted from the polarization beam splitter 803 are partly separated again by the third polarizing plate 804 and passed through the first eyepiece optical system 805. Both images can be observed simultaneously in a state as shown in FIG.
This display layout is optimal when displaying an endoscopic image on the small monitor 806.
[0063]
In addition, when the third polarizing plate 804 is moved out of the optical path, the superimposed two light fluxes are not separated, so that both images are overlapped as shown in FIG. 25B by the first eyepiece optical system 805. Images can be observed simultaneously.
This display layout is optimal for displaying a navigation image (such as an index or contour emphasis) on a small monitor to prompt the observer directly or to guide the observer.
[0064]
Further, when both the third polarizing plate 804 and the polarizing beam splitter 803 are moved out of the optical path, the two light beams are not superimposed, the microscope light beam is directed to the first eyepiece optical system 805, and the light beam from the small monitor 806 is the second eyepiece optical. Since the exit pupils of the first eyepiece optical system 805 and the second eyepiece optical system 809 are overlapped at the observer's pupil position, the first and second eyepiece optical systems 805 and 809 are respectively guided to the system 809. As shown in FIG. 25C, both images can be observed largely at the same time.
This display layout is optimal for displaying very high-definition images on a small monitor.
[0065]
As described above, according to the present embodiment, it is possible to provide the observer with a variety of simultaneous observations of both images only by combining the movement of the third polarizing plate 804 and the polarizing beam splitter 803.
In this embodiment, the polarizing beam splitter 803 is used as the beam splitter. However, when the third polarizing plate 804 is not used, a normal beam splitter may be used.
Note that the second eyepiece optical system 809 of this embodiment is composed of a prismatic plastic molded lens having a curved surface in which at least one surface does not have a symmetrical surface.
The eye relief of the second eyepiece optical system 809 is desirably at least 1.2 times the eye relief of the first eyepiece optical system 805. If the eye relief of the second eyepiece optical system 809 does not satisfy this condition, it will protrude more and more toward the viewer's face, resulting in a microscope that is very difficult to use.
Furthermore, it is desirable that the exit pupil diameter of the second eyepiece optical system 809 is at least larger than the exit pupil diameter of the first eyepiece optical system. In this way, it is possible to prevent the image obtained from the second eyepiece optical system from being vignetted when the observer shakes his / her eye while looking at the image obtained from the second eyepiece optical system.
[0066]
20th embodiment
  FIG.Is the firstIt is an optical system arrangement | positioning block diagram of the surgical microscope which shows 20 Examples. The observer's right eye side optical system is omitted and not shown.
  In the figure, 900 is an observation object, 901 is an objective optical system, 902 is a variable magnification optical system, and 903 is the first optical system.1First polarizing plate as polarizing means, 904 is a beam splitter, 905 is a small monitor as an image display device, 906 is an image projection optical system, 907 is a deflecting prism, 908 is a second polarizing plate as second polarizing means, 909 Denotes an imaging optical system, 910 denotes a polarizing beam splitter, 911 denotes a polarizing prism, 912 denotes an imaging position, 913 denotes an eyepiece optical system, and 16 denotes an observer.
[0067]
The first and second polarizing plates 903 and 908 can be rotated at the positions where the first and second polarizing plates 903 and 908 are arranged. Therefore, the observation objects that pass through the respective polarizing plates by the rotation of the first and second polarizing plates 903 and 908 are provided. An arbitrary polarization direction can be given to the light beam from the small monitor 905 and the light beam from the small monitor 905, and the amount of transmission and reflection of each light beam by the polarization beam splitter 910 can be controlled. Therefore, by rotating the first polarizing plate 903, the microscope observation image can be formed at the position indicated by A in the drawing, or can be formed at the position indicated by B. Of course, the image displayed on the small monitor 905 by rotating the second polarizing plate 908 is the same.
Since the surgical microscope of this example is configured in this way, the display position of the observation image displayed on the microscopic observation image and the small monitor can be arbitrarily exchanged by only rotating the first and second polarizing plates, and the state desired by the observer The microscope observation image and the observation image can be provided simultaneously.
[0068]
21st embodiment
  FIG.Is the firstIt is an optical system arrangement | positioning block diagram of the surgical microscope which shows 21 Examples. Since this embodiment includes a part of the configuration common to the thirteenth embodiment shown in FIG. 15, the same members as those used in FIG. 15 are denoted by the same reference numerals, and the members are described. Is omitted. In the figure, 1101 is the first reflective LCD, 1102 is the second reflective LCD, 1103 is the LED, 1104 is the diffusion plate, 1105 is the illumination optical system for the reflective LCD, 1106 is the polarization beam splitter, and 1107 is the first 1108 is a light beam having a linearly polarized state in the vertical direction in the paper surface, emitted from one reflective LCD 1101, 1108 is a light beam having a linearly polarized state in a direction perpendicular to the paper surface, emitted from the second reflective LCD 1102, and 1109 is imaging optics. System 1110 is the first polarizing plate, 1111 is the second polarizing plate, 1112 is the imaging position by the imaging optical system 1109, 1113 is the light beam from the observation object transmitted through the first polarizing plate 1110, and 1114 is the first polarizing plate. Light beam from the observation object transmitted through the second polarizing plate 1111, 1115 light beam from the first reflective LCD 1101 transmitted through the first polarizing plate 1110, Light flux from the first reflective LCD1101 transmitted through the second polarizing plate 1111 116, 1117 is the ocular optical system.
[0069]
According to this embodiment, the light beams emitted from the first and second reflective LCDs 1101 and 1102 are mixed by being polarized by the polarization beam splitter 1106 so as to be orthogonal to each other, and further from the observation object 503 by the bim splitter 146. It is mixed with the luminous flux. The light beam mixed in this way is formed by the imaging optical system 1109 and observed by the observer 16 through the eyepiece optical system 1117, but before being observed, the first and second polarizing plates 1110 and 1111 are observed. The light flux transmitted through is limited. The first polarizing plate 1110 transmits only a light beam having linearly polarized light in the horizontal direction in the plane of the paper, and the second polarizing plate 1111 transmits only a light beam having linearly polarized light in the direction perpendicular to the paper surface. Therefore, the image observed with the left eye of the observer 16 is only the image of the observation object 503 and the image displayed on the first reflective LCD 1101, and the image observed with the right eye is the image of the observation object 503 and the first image. Only the image displayed on the second reflective LCD 1102.
[0070]
Further, the first and second polarizing plates 1110 and 1111 can be individually rotated by 90 ° or retreated out of the light beam, as selected by the observer 16. As a result, the image guided to the left and right eyes of the observer 16 is reversed from that of the second reflective LCD 1102 from the first reflective LCD 1101, or both from the first reflective LCD 1101. Or both images from the second reflective LCD 1102, and the images from both LCDs can be shielded only as the image of the observation object 503.
[0071]
By the way, when a new rotatable polarizing plate 1118 is detachably disposed at a position indicated by a broken line in the drawing, when the polarizing plate 1118 is not present, an image observed by the left eye of the observer is an observation object 503. And the image displayed on the first reflective LCD 1101. The image observed by the right eye is the image of the observed object and the image displayed on the second reflective LCD 1102. , The image observed by the observer 16 can be only the image of the observation object 503 and the first reflective LCD 1101, and the polarizing plate 1118 is rotated by 90 ° to Only the image of the observation object 503 and the image of the second reflective LCD 1102 can be observed.
[0072]
During the operation, the operator may want to observe the image of the surgical site and at the same time observe the nerve monitor or confirm the recording state of the operation. In such a case, the nerve monitor is displayed on the first reflective LCD 1101, and the recording state of the operation (REC sign etc.) is displayed on the second reflective LCD 1102, so that the operator can perform a microscope during the operation. It is possible to select information other than the surgical site without leaving the eyepiece. This is very effective in maintaining the operator's concentration and shortening the operation time. Further, if images having parallax obtained by, for example, a stereoscopic endoscope are displayed on each of the first reflective LCD 1101 and the second reflective LCD 1102, the observer can superimpose the observed image of the object. It is also possible to perform stereoscopic observation of endoscopic images and the like.
[0073]
In general, it is also known to display a plurality of images on one image display means using means such as time division. However, means such as a mixer are separately required to realize this. On the other hand, according to the present invention, it is possible to easily provide a plurality of images to the observer in various combinations without using a plurality of image display means.
[0074]
22nd embodiment
  FIG.Is the firstIt is an optical-system arrangement block diagram of the surgical microscope which shows 22 Examples. Since this embodiment includes a part of the common configuration of the sixteenth embodiment shown in FIG. 21 and the twenty-first embodiment shown in FIG. 28, it is substantially the same as that used in FIGS. The same reference numerals are used for these members, and descriptions of these members are omitted. In the figure, reference numeral 1201 denotes a light beam from the observation object 190 for the left eye having a linear polarization state in the horizontal direction in the plane of the paper, 1202 denotes a light beam from the observation object 190 for the right eye having a linear polarization state in the direction perpendicular to the paper plane, and 1203 A light beam from the first reflective LCD 1101 having a linear polarization state in the vertical direction in the plane of the paper, 1204 is a light beam from the second reflective LCD 1102 having a linear polarization state in a direction perpendicular to the paper surface, and 1205 is for the right eye. A light beam from the observation object 190, a light beam from the left-eye observation object, a light beam from the first reflective LCD 1101 and a light beam from the second reflective LCD 1102 are all mixed, and 1206 is perpendicular to the paper surface. A light beam from the observation object 190 for the right eye having a linear polarization state in the direction, 1207 is a light beam from the observation object 190 for the left eye having a linear polarization state in the horizontal direction on the paper surface, 12 8 is a light beam from the second reflective LCD 1102 having a linear polarization state perpendicular to the paper surface, 1209 is a light beam from the first reflective LCD 1101 having a linear polarization state in the horizontal direction in the paper surface, and 1210 is a third light beam. This is a polarizing beam splitter.
[0075]
According to the present embodiment, the light beam 195 from the observation object 190 for the left eye and the light beam 196 from the observation object 190 for the right eye are given orthogonal polarization states by the first polarization beam splitter 193 and mixed. Combined. Further, the light beams emitted from the first and second reflective LCDs 1101 and 1102 are mixed with each other by being given orthogonal polarization states by the second polarization beam splitter 1106. Further, the four light beams are mixed with each other by the beam splitter 199. The light beam 1205 mixed in this way is imaged by the imaging optical system 207 and observed by the observer 16 via the eyepiece optical system 1117, but before being observed, the third polarizing beam splitter 1210 is observed. Are divided into a reflected light beam and a transmitted light beam. Specifically, the light beam 1206 from the observation object 190 for the right eye and the light beam 1208 from the second reflective LCD 1102 are reflected to the right eye of the observer 16 and the light beam 1207 from the observation object 190 for the left eye. The light beam 1209 from the first reflective LCD 1101 is transmitted and guided to the left eye of the viewer 16. Here, if images having parallax are displayed on the two image display means, that is, the first and second reflective LCDs 1101 and 1102, the operator observes the stereoscopic image at the same time as the stereoscopic image of the surgical site. I can do it.
[0076]
As a method for superimposing images from different image display means on the right eye and left eye of the observer, the one shown in FIG. 31 is known, but this is a pair of built-in stereo microscopes. An optical path synthesizing unit is disposed in each of the optical systems, and a dedicated optical system for making the light beams from the separate image display units enter the two optical path synthesizing units, respectively, so that an increase in size can be avoided. Absent.
[0077]
Further, if images having parallax obtained by, for example, an ultrasonic probe are displayed on each of the first and second reflective LCDs 1101 and 1102, the observer can view an observation image and an ultrasonic image of the object. The depth relationship can be obtained, but this will be briefly described below.
[0078]
In FIG. 30 (a), 1211 is a stereomicroscope, 1212 is an ultrasonic probe, 1213 is a sensor for detecting the positional relationship of the tip of the ultrasonic probe with respect to the focus position 1214 of the stereomicroscope, The positional relationship is detected by plane coordinates X and Y and depth coordinate Z. The position of the ultrasonic image displayed on the two image display means is determined by these coordinates. Specifically, it is as follows. First, the center of the monitor surface on the two image display means 1215 and 1216 (see FIGS. 30B and 30C) is aligned with the observation center 1217 of the stereomicroscope. Next, positions P and P ′ displaced from the position by displacement amounts X ′ and Y ′ (see FIGS. 30B and 30C) on the monitor converted based on the plane coordinates X and Y are obtained. An ultrasonic image is displayed with the positions Q and Q ′ displaced by Z ′ corresponding to the depth coordinate Z converted to parallax as a reference. In this way, if the sensor is kept functioning constantly, it is possible in real time to display an ultrasonic image corresponding to the observation position by the stereomicroscope together with information in the depth direction.
[0095]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, according to the stereomicroscope of the present invention, by simple switching, it is possible to switch between a microscope image and an image displayed on the image display means, a part of the microscope image, a microscope image and an image, Therefore, it is possible to simultaneously observe an optimal microscopic image and an image in accordance with the properties of the above, and it is possible to provide a small stereo microscope with good workability.
[Brief description of the drawings]
[Figure 1]FirstIt is an optical system arrangement | positioning block diagram of the surgical microscope which shows one Example.
[Figure 2]FirstFIG. 2 is a diagram mainly showing a configuration around a third polarizing plate in order to show improvements in addition to the third polarizing plate having the optical system arrangement shown in FIG.
[Fig. 3]FirstFIG. 3 is a diagram mainly showing a configuration around a third polarizing plate in order to show improvements in addition to the third polarizing plate having the optical system arrangement shown in FIG.
[Fig. 4]FirstFIG. 4 is a diagram mainly showing a configuration around a third polarizing plate in order to show improvements in addition to the third polarizing plate having the optical system arrangement shown in FIG.
[Figure 5]FirstFIG. 5 is a diagram mainly showing a configuration around the third polarizing plate in order to show improvements in addition to the third polarizing plate having the optical system arrangement shown in FIG.
[Fig. 6]FirstFIG. 6 is a diagram mainly showing a configuration around a third polarizing plate in order to show improvements in addition to the third polarizing plate having the optical system arrangement shown in FIG.
[Fig. 7]FirstFIG. 7 is a diagram mainly showing a configuration around a third polarizing plate in order to show improvements in addition to the third polarizing plate having the optical system arrangement shown in FIG.
[Fig. 8]FirstFIG. 10 is a diagram mainly illustrating a configuration around a third polarizing plate in order to show improvements in addition to the third polarizing plate having the optical system arrangement shown in FIG.
FIG. 9FirstFIG. 9 is an arrangement diagram of an optical system of an observation apparatus according to the ninth embodiment.
FIG. 10FirstIt is a figure showing the optical system arrangement | positioning of the binoculars cylinder part of 10 Example, FIG. 10 (A) is a front view of the optical system arrangement | positioning of the binoculars cylinder part of a present Example, (B) is the figure seen from the side. is there.
FIG. 11FirstIt is a figure which shows 10 Example and shows that the binocular tube part of FIG. 10 becomes a structure which can be attached or detached with respect to the microscope main body part for a surgery.
FIG.FirstIt is an optical system arrangement | positioning block diagram of the intermediate | middle lens-barrel part which shows 11 Examples.
FIG. 13FirstIt is a figure which shows 11 Example and shows that the intermediate | middle lens-barrel part of FIG. 12 becomes a structure which can be attached or detached between the microscope main body part for a surgery, and a binoculars cylinder part.
FIG. 14FirstIt is an optical system arrangement | positioning block diagram of the surgical microscope which shows 12 Examples.
FIG. 15FirstIt is an optical system arrangement | positioning block diagram of the surgical microscope which shows 13 Examples.
16 is a configuration diagram of an optical system of a surgical microscope showing a modification of the embodiment shown in FIG.
FIG. 17FirstIt is an optical system arrangement configuration diagram of the binocular tube part of the operation microscope showing the 14th embodiment, in particular, the eye width adjustment mechanism part.
FIG. 18 is a diagram showing a case where a third polarizing plate is placed at an image forming position of a binocular tube optical system having a Ghiten top type eye width adjustment mechanism for comparison with the fourteenth embodiment.
FIG. 19 is a diagram showing left and right observation images when a third polarizing plate is placed at the imaging position of a binocular tube optical system having a G-Tentop type eye width adjustment mechanism.
FIG. 20FirstIt is an optical system arrangement | positioning block diagram of the surgical microscope which shows 15 Examples.
FIG. 21FirstIt is an optical system arrangement | positioning block diagram of the surgical microscope which shows 16 Examples.
FIG. 22FirstIt is an optical system arrangement block diagram of the surgical microscope which shows 17th Example.
FIG. 23FirstFIG. 22 is an optical system arrangement configuration diagram different from FIG. 21 of the surgical microscope showing the seventeenth embodiment.
FIG. 24FirstIt is an optical system arrangement block diagram of the surgical microscope which shows 18th Example.
FIG. 25FirstIt is a side view of the optical system arrangement | positioning of the binocular tube part of the surgical microscope which shows 19th Example.
26 is a top view of the optical system arrangement of the binocular tube portion of the surgical microscope shown in FIG. 25. FIG.
FIG. 27FirstIt is an optical system arrangement | positioning block diagram of the surgical microscope which shows 20 Examples.
FIG. 28FirstIt is an optical system arrangement | positioning block diagram of the surgical microscope which shows 21 Examples.
FIG. 29FirstIt is an optical-system arrangement block diagram of the surgical microscope which shows 22 Examples.
FIG. 30 is a diagram illustrating a schematic configuration of a stereomicroscope apparatus configured to display an image obtained by an ultrasonic probe on an image display unit and a method for displaying an ultrasonic image.
FIG. 31 is a schematic diagram of a known example of a stereomicroscope configured to superimpose images from different image display means on the right and left eyes of an observer.
[Explanation of symbols]
1,86,109,126,131,178,190,503,505,600,615,700,900 ... observed object
2,87,132,144,179,191,506,601,616,701,901 ... Objective optical system
3,97,604,618,903,1110 ... 1st polarizing plate
4: Polarization direction after the light coming from the observation object passes through the first polarizing plate
5,82,93,98,124,140,153,513,606,620,806,820,905 ... small monitor
6,84,94,100,125,141,154,183,202,514,607,621,705,906... Image projection optical system
7, 85, 102, 608, 622, 908, 1111 ... second polarizing plate
8: Polarization direction after the light beam from the small monitor passes through the second polarizing plate
9, 71, 103, 150, 511, 605, 619, 904 ... Beam splitter (BS)
10, 17, 26, 35, 45, 56, 62, 72, 89, 143, 155, 163, 184, 207, 500, 609, 623, 707, 801, 812, 909, 1109 ... imaging optical system
11: Polarization direction of the light beam from the observation object after being superimposed by the BS
12: Polarization direction of the light beam from the small monitor after being superimposed by the BS
13, 19, 38, 50, 64, 74, 90, 105, 120, 149, 161, 167, 510, 610, 625, 804, 818 ... third polarizing plate
14: Polarization direction of the light beam after passing through the third polarizing plate
15, 24, 33, 40, 48, 60, 69, 80, 91, 106, 162, 168, 187, 210, 611, 626, 913, 1117 ... eyepiece optical system
16: Observer
18, 27, 26... The polarization state of two superimposed light beams
20, 21 ... part of the third polarizing plate
22, 23, 42 ... Observation image
28, 30, 88, 118, 134, 146, 180, 508, 803, 817, 910, 1106, 1210... Polarization beam splitter (PBS)
29 ... Second lens group of the imaging optical system
31 ... Prism that deflects the light beam reflected from PBS
32 ... Observation image created by imaging the light beam reflected from PBS
37, 47, 104, 166, 912, 1112 ... imaging position
39: part of the third polarizing plate whose polarization direction differs by 90 °
43 ... Observation image formed by a light beam that has passed through a part of the third polarizing plate whose polarization direction differs by 90 ° in the third polarizing plate
44... Observation image formed by a light beam transmitted through a portion of the third polarizing plate other than a portion where the polarization direction differs by 90 ° in the third polarizing plate
46: Polarization state of two superimposed light beams
49: Range that can be observed with an eyepiece optical system
51... Part of the third polarizing plate whose polarization direction differs by 90 °
53 ... Observation image observed by the observer
54... Observation image formed by a light beam transmitted through a part of the third polarizing plate whose polarization direction differs by 90 ° in the observation image observed by the observer
55... Observation image formed by a light beam transmitted through a portion of the third polarizing plate other than a portion where the polarization direction differs by 90 ° in the observation image observed by the observer
57, 63, 73 ... Polarization state of two superimposed light beams
58... Third polarizing plate moved out of two superimposed light beams
59 ... Observation images that overlap each other's images
65 ... λ / 2 plate
66: Overlapping portion of third polarizing plate and λ / 2 plate
67... Observation image formed by forming an image of a light beam that has passed through only the third polarizing plate
68: Observation image formed by forming an image of the light beam that has passed through the overlapping part of the third polarizing plate and the λ / 2 plate
75 ... Liquid crystal plate
76: The range in which the polarization direction of the liquid crystal plate is changed and the third polarizing plate overlap.
77 ... Controller
78... Observation image formed by imaging a light beam that has passed through a range where the polarization direction of the liquid crystal plate is not changed and the range where the third polarizing plate overlaps
79... Observation image formed by forming an image of a light beam transmitted through a range where the polarization direction of the liquid crystal plate is changed and a range where the third polarizing plate overlaps
83: A portion corresponding to a portion where the voltage of the liquid crystal plate is turned ON
95,157,814 ... Image rotator
96,99,117,158,192,200,624,709,802,808,815,816,907,911 ... deflection prism
101, 115, 156, 159, 501, 813 ... deflection mirror
108,110,127,800,811 ... surgical microscope body
111 ... Binocular tube unit
112 ... Normal binocular tube unit
113, 139 ... observer's eyes
114. Light flux emitted from the operation microscope main body
116, 136 ... Front group of afocal relay optical system
119, 137 ... Intermediate focal point of afocal relay optical system
121: Rear group of afocal relay optical system
123. Light flux incident on the binocular tube optical system
128: Intermediate lens barrel unit
129 ... Normal binocular tube unit
133,145,194,507,602,617,702,902 ... variable power optical system
135, 147, 509 ... Afocal relay optical system
138, 151, 515 ... Binocular tube optical system
142 ... CCD
148 ... Intermediate imaging point
160: Image forming position by the image forming optical system
164 ... Parallelogram prism
165... Optical axis incident on parallelogram prism
169 ... Observation image that the observer can observe with the left eye
170: Observation image that an observer can observe with the right eye
171: Microscopic observation image portion in the left eye observation image
172: Microscopic observation image portion in the right eye observation image
173: Image portion in the left eye observation image
174: Image portion in right eye observation image
181 ... LCD monitor
182: Polarization direction of the light beam emitted from the liquid crystal monitor
185... Polarization direction of microscope light beam after PBS transmission
186: Polarization direction of liquid crystal monitor light flux after PBS reflection
189: Image obtained by overlapping the microscopic observation image and the image
193 ... 1st PBS
195 ... Microscope beam for left eye
196: Microscope beam for right eye
197: Polarization direction of the left-eye microscope light beam transmitted through the first PBS
198: Polarization direction of the right-eye microscope light beam reflected from the first PBS
199 ... 2nd PBS
201 ... Monitor
203... Polarization direction of the left-eye microscope light beam transmitted through the second PBS
204... Polarization direction of right-eye microscope light beam reflected from the second PBS
205: Polarization direction of the light flux from the monitor reflected from two days of PBS
206: Polarization direction of the light flux from the monitor that has passed through two days of PBS
208: Third polarizing plate for left eye
209 ... Third polarizing plate for right eye
212 ... Observation image observed by the observer
213: Microscopic observation image portion
214 ... Image part
215 ... Light source lamp
216, 630 ... Illumination optical system
613 ... Range incorporated in the operation microscope main body housing
614... Range to be incorporated in the surgical microscope binocular tube housing
628 ... Surgical microscope main body housing
629 ... Microscope binocular tube housing for operation
703: First polarization beam splitter
704 ... 1st small monitor
706: Second polarization beam splitter
708, 805, 819 ... first eyepiece optical system
710, 809, 822, second eyepiece optical system
712 ... Second small monitor
713 ... Fourth eyepiece optical system
715 ... Image of second small monitor
716, 810.1, 810.4 ... Microscopic image
717 ... Image of the first small monitor
718: Overlapping image of the microscopic image and the image of the first small monitor
807, 821 ... Relay optical system
810.2, 810.5 ... Image observation image
810.3 ... Multiple image in which a microscope observation image and an image observation image overlap each other
1101... First reflective LCD
1102 ... Second reflective LCD
1103 ... LED
1104 ... Diffuser plate
1105... Illumination optical system for reflective LCD
1107, 1108, 1113, 1114, 1115, 1201, 1202, 1203, 1204, 1205, 12061207, 1208, 1209...
1211 ... Stereo microscope
1212 ... Ultrasonic probe
1213 ... Sensor
1214 ... Focus position of stereo microscope
1215, 1216 ... Image display means
1217 ... Observation center

Claims (8)

In a stereomicroscope capable of simultaneously observing the observation image of the observation object and the image displayed on the image display means,
The polarized light path combining means in which the linear polarization directions are orthogonal between transmission and reflection are used to superimpose the light flux from the observation object and the light flux from the image display means, and the polarization of both the light fluxes after being superposed Make the directions orthogonal to each other,
Polarization means that can partially separated into a light beam from the light beam and the image display means from the observation object when transmitting the superposed light fluxes differ partially polarizing characteristics of the superposed light beam Arranged on the optical path so as to be rotatable by 90 degrees about the optical axis of the luminous flux,
A stereomicroscope characterized in that an observation image of the observation object and an image displayed on the image display means can be simultaneously observed, and the display range of the observation image and the image can be switched. The polarization optical path combining means is disposed on the optical path from the image display means, the first polarization means for imparting polarization characteristics to the light beam from the observation object disposed on the optical path from the observation object, and A second polarizing means for giving the light beam from the image display means a polarization characteristic in a direction perpendicular to the polarization direction of the light beam from the observation object that has passed through the first polarizing means; and from the first and second polarizing means. 2. The stereomicroscope according to claim 1, further comprising: an optical path synthesizing unit that is arranged on an optical path and superimposes the light beams transmitted through the first and second polarizing units. Claim 1 before Kihen light means, the light beam from the observation object superimposed and the light flux from the image display unit is characterized in that it is arranged in an intermediate image plane on or near the imaged Or the stereomicroscope of 2. Before Kihen light means stereomicroscope according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that slidable perpendicular to the superposed light fluxes. The front Kihen light means is configured and the polarizer, and a lambda / 2 plate which is movably arranged perpendicularly to the light beam superimposed said just before when viewed from the object side of the polarizing plate, the The stereomicroscope according to claim 1 or 2, characterized by. Before Kihen light means, a polarizing plate and a stereomicroscope according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that it is configured with a liquid crystal plate arranged immediately before, by looking at the object side of the polarizing plate. The image display means, the first polarization means, the second polarization means, the polarization means, or the image display means, the polarization optical path synthesis means, and the polarization means are built in one housing, as a unit, 3. The stereomicroscope according to claim 1, wherein the stereomicroscope is detachable between the stereomicroscope main body part and the stereomicroscope binocular tube part . 4. The stereomicroscope according to claim 3 , wherein the binocular tube in which the polarizing means is arranged on or near the intermediate image plane in the binocular tube unit of the stereomicroscope has an Yeti-type eye width adjustment mechanism. .

Images