JP3292493B2 - Surgical microscope - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a surgical microscope having a function of observing a deep part in a body cavity.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In recent years, with the development and spread of microsurgery, which is an operation for a minute affected area, ophthalmology, neurosurgery,
Microsurgery performed under an operating microscope has become active in various fields, not to mention otolaryngology.
Along with this, as a matter of course, various demands have been made on surgical microscopes according to the surgical technique of the surgeon and the like, and at present, improvements have been made. In recent years, since the operation has been changed to a less invasive operation in consideration of early rehabilitation of the patient after the operation and the like, observation of the operation portion and the like in the pores is desired. Furthermore, when observing deep inside the body cavity,
It is desired that a part which cannot be observed by a microscope under a shadow can be observed in order to further improve accuracy and safety in the operation.

[0003] As a means for improving such a problem, for example, there is a stereo microscope described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 62-134615. In this apparatus, the first and second stereoscopic observation optical systems having different baseline intervals are arranged at variable relative positions, and the inside of the pore portion is observed by the stereoscopic observation optical system with the smaller baseline interval. I have. Moreover, the two stereoscopic observation optical systems share a finder optical system, so that an operator or the like can selectively observe images by the two optical systems. The stereoscopic microscope described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. Sho 62-166310 has a stereoscopic observation optical system including a pair of right and left variable magnification optical systems and a finder optical system each having the same optical axis. The sub-stereoscopic observation optical system provided in the vicinity of the stereoscopic observation optical system includes an imaging unit including a solid-state imaging device for imaging an observation object, an image reproducing unit for projecting an image from the solid-state imaging device, and Image projection means for guiding the image to a finder optical system of the stereoscopic observation optical system.

In the optical apparatus disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 3-105305, one or both of the images obtained by the two observation means can be selectively observed in a stereo microscope having a plurality of observation means as described above. In addition, the operator can make a selection with a foot switch or the like without using a hand.

[0005]

In the above-mentioned prior art, when the operator observes alone, there is no problem with the above configuration, but these devices are provided with an observation optical system for assistants. However, there is a serious problem in consideration of the importance of the work of assistants accompanying complicated and miniaturized surgery in recent years. In other words, it goes without saying that microsurgery can be performed more smoothly during surgery, not only in ophthalmology, but also in plastic surgery and plastic surgery, and even in neurosurgery, with the assistance of an assistant during surgery. In particular, in deep intracranial surgery in neurosurgery, it may be necessary for an assistant to perform an assisting operation such as suction to secure the operator's visual field. In such a case, the assistant needs an image obtained by microscopic observation similar to that of the surgeon for observing the deep part of the cavity.

In this case, as in the above-described prior art, the operator uses the auxiliary observation optical system for observing the inside of the pore, and the operator cannot observe the part which becomes a blind spot under microscope observation, for example, behind the aneurysm, after the tumor is detached. When observing the nerve or surrounding tissue, the observation image of the operator is switched to the observation image by the auxiliary observation optical system after the position of the auxiliary observation optical system is set.
At this time, if the assistant performs suction of cerebrospinal fluid or blood in order to secure the visual field of the operator or the like, the assistant needs a microscope observation image before switching the observation image unlike the operator. Therefore, in the above-described conventional technology, when the assistant (or imaging) observation optical system is mounted, an optical device for switching an observation image must be disposed behind the assistant or imaging optical path dividing unit. In addition, if the same observation image as the operator is required for observation and photographing in the assistant observation optical system, an observation image switching optical device must be arranged in front of the assistant or imaging optical path splitting means. No. However, it is extremely troublesome to change the arrangement of the observation image switching optical device during the operation, and when the device is sterilized, only a clean person such as an operator can touch the device. Also, if a sterile cover such as a drape is used, the drape must be removed, which is very cumbersome that cannot be performed intraoperatively.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION In view of the above-mentioned problems, the present invention easily and cleanly selects an optical path of an observation image of the same or different objective optical system to a plurality of eyepiece optical systems for an operator, an assistant, or a photographer. It is an object of the present invention to provide a surgical microscope that can be used.

[0008]

An operation microscope according to the present invention comprises a first objective optical system and an image of the first objective optical system.
A first eyepiece optical system for observing
The image of the second objective optical system can be observed with the first eyepiece optical system.
A functional surgical microscope, wherein the first objective optical system and the
1 eyepiece optical system, the first objective optical system
An optical path splitting means for splitting the optical path;
A second eyepiece optical system located on the divided optical path;
Provided on the first objective optical system side from the optical path dividing means.
Moving into the optical path or retreating from the optical path,
Select the optical path of the objective optical system to the optical path of the first objective optical system
First reflecting member, which is electrically guided, and
It is provided on the first eyepiece optical system side and advances into the optical path or
Retreating from the optical path and changing the optical path of the second objective optical system to the
A second reflecting member for selectively guiding the light to the optical path of the first objective optical system .

Further , the present invention provides a first objective optical system,
First eyepiece for observing an image of the first objective optical system
And an image of the second objective optical system.
In the surgical microscope that can be observed with the eyepiece optical system 1
The first objective optical system and the first eyepiece optical system,
Optical path splitting means for splitting the optical path of the first objective optical system
Located on the optical path divided by the optical path dividing means.
A second eyepiece optical system and an image of the second objective optical system.
Display means, and the first pair by the optical path splitting means.
Provided on the object optical system side, advance to the optical path or from the optical path
Withdrawing, the second objective optical system displayed on the display means
Is selectively guided to the optical path of the first objective optical system.
And the first ocular light from the optical path dividing means.
Located on the academic side, advance into or retreat from the optical path
Then, the image of the second objective optical system displayed on the display means
Is selectively guided to the optical path of the first objective optical system.
And a projection member. Ma
In the present invention, the first reflecting member and
And the second reflection member is provided rotatably.
Is preferred.

[0010]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. 1 to 7 show a first embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram of a mirror portion of an operating microscope according to the present invention, FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a main part of a frame and an arm supporting the mirror portion, FIG. 3 is a configuration diagram of a switching adapter, and FIG. 5 is a front view of the mechanism, FIG. 5 is a perspective view of a main part of the mirror switching mechanism, FIG. 6 is a block diagram of a power supply unit, and FIG.
Is a part of the operation mode table showing the relationship between the selected observation mode and the mirror or the like. In FIG. 1, a mirror body 1 of an operating microscope is provided with a mirror body 2 and a switching adapter 3 via an attachment mount in order from an operation part P to be observed, and further behind (upper part). The operator's lens barrel 4 and the assistant's lens barrel 5 are arranged side by side via a lens barrel mounting mount (not shown). In FIG. 2, a first arm 7 having a light source (not shown) is mounted on an axis O
a pantograph arm 8 attached to the other end of the first arm 7 so as to be rotatable about an axis Ob.
Is attached. And the pantograph arm 8
A second arm (not shown) that is rotatable about an axis Oc is attached to the other end of the lens unit. The mirror unit 1 is rotatably attached to a free end of the second arm.

A mirror body 2 shown in FIG. 1 includes an objective lens 10 having a pair of observation optical paths (optical axes) R and L, and a pair of variable power systems 11a and 11a positioned behind the objective lens 10 on the observation optical paths R and L, respectively. 11
b (11b is not shown), and a lighting device (not shown) is built in. In the switching adapter 3 shown in FIG. 3, on the observation optical paths R and L, a rotatable first mirror 12 that moves forward and backward with respect to each optical path R and L is provided.
A half prism 13 that divides the light beams of the observation light paths R and L into transmitted light and reflected light, respectively, and a rotatable second mirror 14 that moves forward and backward with respect to the observation light paths R and L for the transmitted light. Are sequentially arranged, and the optical paths R and L are guided to the operator's lens barrel 4. On the observation optical paths R 'and L' of the pair of light beams reflected by the half prism 13, a reflection prism 15 for directing the light beams toward the assistant lens barrel 5 is provided.

A pair of monitors 17a and 17b are provided in the switching adapter 3 in parallel, and the monitors 17a and 17b project an image of the surgical site P captured by a stereoscopic video scope described later. is there. Both monitors 1
The observation optical paths (optical axes) R ″ and L ″ of 7a and 17b have the same interval as the observation optical paths (optical axes) R and L. Moreover, relay lenses 18a, 18b are provided on the optical paths R ", L".
, A third mirror 19 rotatable with respect to the optical paths R ″, L ″ and reflecting each light beam toward the first mirror 12 at the advanced position, and a light path R ″, L "
And a fixed mirror 20 that is fixedly arranged to reflect the light beam in the direction of the second mirror 14.

Here, the switching mechanism of the second mirror 14 among the switching mechanisms of each rotatable mirror will be described with reference to FIGS. 4 and 5. The second mirror 14 is fixed to the mirror seat 22. The mirror seat 22 is attached to a rotary shaft 24 a of a rotary type solenoid 24 fixed to a base 23 of the switching adapter 3. Moreover, the first and second stoppers 25 and 26 are provided at a certain angle in the rotation area of the second mirror 14, and at the retreat position where the first mirror 25 is in contact with the first stopper 25 (shown by solid lines in FIGS. 3 and 4). The second mirror 14 becomes vertical and retreats from the optical paths R and L, and is located at an inclined angle on the optical paths R and L at an advanced position (shown by a broken line in FIG. 4) in contact with the second stopper 26, and the fixed mirror 20 Are reflected to bend the observation optical paths R and L toward the operator's lens barrel 4. Note that the first mirror 12 and the third mirror 19 have the same configuration.
At its advanced position (the position indicated by the broken line in FIG. 3), the mirror 12 is positioned opposite to the first and third mirrors 12 and 14 with respect to the mirror seat so as to direct the light beams of the optical paths R "and L" toward the first mirror 12. It is arranged in.

In addition, the surgical site P which cannot be observed with a microscope optical system
A stereoscopic video scope 27 is provided for observing the fine pore portion with an endoscope, and the left and right eye images which are endoscopic observation images for stereoscopic observation of the object P captured by the video scope 27 are provided. The one video signal A and the second video signal B are transmitted to the monitors 17a and 17b via a switch circuit described later, and are projected.

Next, in the operator's lens barrel 4 shown in FIG.
A direction conversion prism 28 is provided on the extension of the observation optical paths R and L, and a pair of relay lenses 29a and 29
9b and a pair of eyepieces 30a, 30b are sequentially arranged to constitute an eyepiece optical system. Also, the observation optical paths R ′ and L ′ reflected by the reflection prism 15 are provided in the assistant lens barrel 5.
A pair of relay lenses 31a and 31b and a direction conversion prism 32 are provided on the extension of the eyepiece, and a pair of eyepieces 33a and 33b are sequentially arranged behind the relay lenses 31a and 31b to constitute an eyepiece optical system.

FIG. 6 shows a built-in gantry 6 for selectively controlling whether the image observed by the operator's lens tube 4 and the assistant's lens tube 5 is a microscope observation image or an endoscope observation image. Power supply 3
5 shows a block diagram of FIG. For example, the switch 36 has a “microscopic observation on both the main (operator's lens barrel 4) and sub (assistant's lens tube 5) side” mode, an “endoscope observation only on the main side (microscopic observation on the sub side)” mode, One of the "endoscope observation" modes is selected by a switch operation on both the primary and secondary sides. Also, a control unit 37 having a power supply circuit and a logic circuit
Are a first drive circuit 38 for driving the first mirror 12 via a solenoid and a second drive circuit 3 for driving the second mirror 14 based on the mode selected by the switch 36, respectively.
9, a signal for appropriately turning on or off the third drive circuit 40 for driving the third mirror 19 and a signal for turning on or off the switch circuit 41 are output. The switch circuit 41 includes a first video signal A from the stereoscopic video scope 27.
And the second video signal B are input, and are transmitted to the monitors 17a and 17b, respectively, by being turned on, and an endoscopic observation image is projected by these monitors 17a and 17b, and OF
F cuts off. The switch 36 may be attached to the gantry 6 together with the power supply unit 35, or may be separately incorporated in a foot switch.

The mode selected by the switch 36 and the mirrors 12, 14, 19 and the O
The relation between N and OFF is shown in the table of FIG.
Here, when each of the drive circuits 37, 38, and 39 is OFF, each of the mirrors 12, 14, and 19 is at a retracted position shown by a solid line in FIGS. 1 and 3, and when each of the mirrors 12, 14, and 19 is ON. Is at the advanced position indicated by the broken line in FIGS. 1 and 3.

This embodiment is configured as described above.
Next, the operation will be described. First, among the selection modes in FIG.
When the switch 36 is operated to select the “microscopic observation on both the main and sub sides” mode, the drive circuits 38 to 40 and the switch circuit 41 are turned on via the control unit 37 of the power supply unit 35.
An F signal is output and the first to third mirrors 12, 14, 1
9 is located at the solid line position shown in FIGS.
B is also not supplied to the monitors 17a and 17b. In this case, the luminous flux of the operative site P passes through the mirror body 2 and travels along the pair of observation optical paths R and L, and proceeds into the switching adapter 3. Then, the light is split by the half prism 13, and the transmitted light is further advanced through the observation optical paths R and L and enters the operator's lens barrel 4. The operator and the like observe the microscope of the operation site P by a pair of eyepieces 30 a and 30 b. Images can be stereoscopically viewed.
The reflected light travels on the observation optical paths R ′ and L ′ and is reflected by the reflecting prism 15. Similarly, the assistant's assistant surgeon or the like observes the microscope observation image of the surgical site P three-dimensionally in the assistant lens barrel 5. .

Next, when the surgeon observes and treats a site, such as a blind spot, which becomes a blind spot under the microscope at the operation site P, the power supply (not shown) of the stereoscopic video scope 27 is turned on.
Then, the scope 27 is moved to a site of the surgical site P to be observed. When the mode is set to the “endoscope observation only on the main side” mode by the switch 36, the control unit 37 outputs an ON signal to the drive circuit 39 and the switch circuit 41. Here, the operation of the second mirror 14 will be described.
4 is turned on, the rotation shaft 24a rotates, and the second mirror 14 is rotated integrally with the mirror seat 25 from the retreat position shown by the solid line to the advance position shown by the broken line, and is maintained in a state of contact with the stopper 26. .

The first and second video signals A and B are input to the monitors 17a and 17b through the switch circuit 41, respectively, and the endoscope observation image by the stereoscopic video scope 27 is transmitted through the pair of relay lenses 18a and 18b. The light is projected, reflected by the fixed mirror 20 on the observation light paths R ″ and L ″, and the light path is bent toward the second mirror 14. Then, the light is reflected by the second mirror 14 and guided to the operator's lens barrel 4 on the observation optical paths R and L, so that the operator can stereoscopically observe the endoscope observation image by the stereoscopic video scope 27. On the other hand, the light flux of the microscope observation image reflected by the half prism 13 is guided to the assistant lens barrel 5 as described above.

When the "endoscope observation on both the main and sub sides" mode is selected by the switch 36, both the drive circuits 38 and 40 and the switch circuit 41 are turned on.
When the drive circuits 38 and 40 are turned on, the first and third mirrors 12 and 19 move from the retracted positions to the advanced positions indicated by broken lines (FIG. 1).
And FIG. 3). Incidentally, since the drive circuit 39 is turned off, the solenoid 24 is operated,
The second mirror 14 is rotated from the advanced position on the observation optical paths R and L to the retracted position indicated by the solid line. Switch circuit 4
By turning on 1, an endoscope observation image by the stereoscopic video scope 27 is projected on the monitors 17a and 17b. The pair of light beams from the monitors 17a and 17b are reflected by the third mirror 19 and travel to the first mirror 12, where the optical path is bent again and travels on the observation optical paths R and L. Further, the light beam is split into two by the half prism 13, and the endoscopic observation image is stereoscopically observed by the operator's lens barrel 4 and the assistant's lens barrel 5, respectively.

As described above, in this embodiment, the surgeon and assistant assistants such as assistants do not need to change the mounting position of the optical path dividing means by switching the observation image as in the prior art, and only operate the switch 36. Thus, it is possible to arbitrarily select and observe the microscope observation image and the endoscope observation image during the operation. For this reason, for example, even while the surgeon performs endoscopic observation of the pores and the like, the assistant can surely perform treatment such as suction around the surgical site P by microscopic observation. Therefore, the operation of the position of the endoscope and the securing of the field of view can be performed more safely, and the smooth progress of the operation can be promoted.

Next, a second embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS.
1 will be described, but the same reference numerals will be used for the same parts or members as in the first embodiment, and the description thereof will be omitted. FIG.
FIG. 9 is a perspective view of the mirror body of the surgical microscope, FIG. 9 is a configuration diagram of the inside of the switching adapter shown in a broken state, FIG. 10 is a block diagram of the power supply unit, and FIG. It is a part of the operation mode table shown. In FIG. 8, the operator's lens barrel 4 is attached to the upper part of the switching adapter 42 of the lens body part 1 via a mounting mount (not shown) as in the first embodiment. , A photographing adapter 44 and a 35 mm camera 45 via a connection mount 43, and a passenger side endoscope 47 via a connection mount 46 on the other side.

With respect to the observation optical paths R and L from the mirror 2, the fourth mirrors 48a and 48b are rotatably disposed in the switching adapter 42 so as to advance and retreat with respect to the optical paths R and L, respectively (FIG. 9) and the fourth mirrors 48a, 48
8b are independently rotated by separate drive circuits. Behind, a beam splitter 49 for splitting the light beam in the observation optical path R into two is provided, and the reflected light enters the photographing adapter 44 so that a 35 mm camera 45 can appropriately take a photograph. The beam splitter 49 is provided with a beam splitter 50 that divides the light beam in the observation optical path L into two parts. The reflected light enters the assistant side endoscope 47, and the light path L The luminous flux reflected from the pupil is divided into pupils, and a microscope observation image can be binocularly observed by a pair of eyepieces. or,
Fifth mirrors 51a and 51b are rotatably disposed on the observation optical paths R and L by the transmitted light of the beam splitters 49 and 50 so as to advance and retreat with respect to the optical paths R and L, respectively. The mirrors 51a and 51b are independently rotated by separate drive circuits.

Further, sixth mirrors 52a and 52b are disposed so as to be able to advance and retreat by rotation with respect to the observation light paths R "and L" from the monitors 17a and 17b, and the sixth mirrors 52a and 52b are capable of reflecting the light beam in the light path R ". The sixth mirror 52a is simultaneously rotated by the same drive circuit as the fourth mirror 48a.The sixth mirror 52b capable of reflecting the light beam on the optical path L "
Are simultaneously rotated by the same drive circuit as the fourth mirror 48b. Each of the mirrors 52a and 52b is located at an advanced position on the observation optical paths R "and L".
The light beams from 7a and 17b are transmitted to fourth mirrors 48a and 48, respectively.
It is designed to bend in the direction b. The driving means of each mirror is the same as that of the first embodiment.
In a and 52b, the mounting surface of the mirror with respect to the mirror seat is opposite to the other mirrors.

Next, in the block diagram of the power supply unit 54 shown in FIG. 10, the operation mode of the switch 55 is, for example, in addition to the mode shown in the first embodiment, a main (operator's barrel 4) and a sub (assistant). It is possible to perform simultaneous observation and photographing by the three members of the side endoscope 47) and the photographing adapter 44. For example, "microscopic observation only", "endoscopic observation only on the main side and the observation optical path R side", and "main side" And the respective modes of “endoscope observation only on the observation optical path L side” can be selectively operated. The control unit 37
The driving circuit 56 drives the fifth mirror 51a by a solenoid (not shown), the driving circuit 57 drives the fifth mirror 51b, and the driving circuit 58 drives the fourth mirror 48a and the sixth mirror 52a. And the driving circuit 5
Numeral 9 drives the fourth mirror 48b and the sixth mirror 52b, respectively. The respective modes of “microscope observation only”, “endoscopic observation only on the main side and observation optical path R side”, and “endoscopic observation only on main side and observation optical path L side” by the switch 55, and the fourth to sixth modes When the ON / OFF state of the mirrors 48a to 52b and the switch circuit 41 is shown in an operation mode table,
As shown in FIG.

Since the present embodiment is configured as described above, for example, the observation mode of the operator's lens barrel 4, the photographing adapter 44 and the assistant's side endoscope 47 is switched to the "microscope observation only" mode. When selected at 55, the controller 37
From the drive circuits 56 to 59 and the switch circuit 41
The FF signal is output, and the fourth to sixth mirrors are all held at the retracted positions shown by the solid lines in FIG. Therefore, the luminous flux of the microscope observation image of the operation site P by the mirror body 2 travels on the observation optical paths R and L, and the luminous flux transmitted through the beam splitters 49 and 50 enters the operator's lens barrel 4 and is operated by the operator. Stereoscopic observation,
The light beam reflected by the beam splitter 49 is photographed by a 35 mm camera 45 via a photographing adapter 44. or,
The luminous flux reflected by the beam splitter 50 is pupil-divided in the assistant side endoscope 47, and is stereoscopically observed by an assistant operator such as an assistant.

Next, when the "main-side only endoscope observation" mode (not shown in the table of FIG. 11) is selected,
When the switch circuit 41 and the drive circuits 56 and 57 are turned on by the operation of the switch 55, the same operation as in the first embodiment is performed. If a photograph of an endoscope observation image is to be taken in connection with this operation, the mode “endoscopic observation only on the main side and the observation optical path R side” is selected. Then, the switch circuit 41 and the drive circuits 57 and 58 are turned on, and the drive circuit 56 is turned off. When the drive circuit 58 is turned on, the fourth mirror 48a and the sixth mirror 52a are rotated and held at the advanced positions indicated by broken lines on the observation optical paths R and R ″, respectively.
The fifth mirror 51a is returned to the retreat position indicated by the solid line by the FF.

Thus, of the pair of light beams emitted from the monitors 17a and 17b, the light beam in the observation optical path R "is reflected by the sixth mirror 52a, the optical path is bent by the fourth mirror 48a, and overlaps the observation optical path R. Then, the reflected light split by the beam splitter 49 is imaged and photographed in the imaging adapter 44. The other light beam transmitted through the beam splitter 49 enters the operator's lens barrel 4, and at the same time, The projection light of the observation light path L ″ travels straight on the light path L ″, the light path is bent by the fixed mirror 20, is reflected by the fifth mirror 51 b, and enters the operator lens barrel 4. In this observation mode, the brightness of the projection light of the monitor 17a corresponding to the observation optical path R is increased, so that the operator can observe the left and right images with the operator's lens barrel 4. Statue brightness The difference can be eliminated of.

Next, when the mode of "endoscopic observation only on the main side and the observation optical path L side" is selected, the switch circuit 41 and the drive circuits 56 and 59 are turned on, and the fifth mirror 51a and the fourth mirror The 48b and the sixth mirror 52b are held at the advanced positions indicated by the broken lines, and the luminous flux of the endoscopic observation image is introduced into the assistant side endoscope 43 and the operator's lens barrel 4. In addition, a mode other than those described above, for example, a mode of “endoscopic observation only” can be selected to perform endoscopic observation and photographing. Note that the photographing adapter 44 may have a built-in optical path switching mechanism and both the 35 mm camera 45 and the TV camera can be attached, so that either of the two cameras can be selectively photographed. In this case, if an electrical changeover switch for transmitting the video signal from the stereoscopic video scope 27 to the monitors 17a and 17b and the VTR of the TV camera is added, recording can be performed without any problem particularly when an endoscopic observation image is taken. .

As described above, in the present embodiment, the surgeon, assistant and other assistant surgeons and the photographing side can arbitrarily select microscope observation and endoscopic observation for observation and photographing. As in the example, the assistant can observe the microscope under the microscope when the operator observes the endoscope. Further, the photographing adapter 44 and the assistant's side endoscope 43 are exchanged between the two according to the contents of the operation and the layout of the operating room accompanying the operation.
It is also possible to attach to. In the first and second embodiments, the endoscope observation is performed by taking an image with the stereoscopic video scope 27 and displaying the image on the monitors 17a and 17b. Instead, an optical endoscope observation optical system is used. It goes without saying that a system may be adopted in which a monitor is connected instead of the monitor.

FIGS. 12 to 14 relate to a third embodiment of the present invention, and this embodiment relates to a modification of the assistant endoscope 43 of the second embodiment. 12 is a perspective view of a main part of the assistant side endoscope, FIG. 13 is a cutaway perspective view of a main part of an observation adapter mounted on the assistant side endoscope, and FIG. 14 is a block diagram of a power supply unit. In FIG. 12, an observation adapter 62 is provided between the connection mount 46 of the assistant side endoscope 43 and the lens barrel 61.
Is installed. In the observation adapter 62 shown in FIG. 13, the light beams reflected by the beam splitter 50 are related to a pair of light beams that are pupil-divided in the assistant side endoscope 43, and their observation optical axes R1 and L1 are directed toward the eyepiece of the lens barrel 61. And a pair of seventh mirrors 64a and 64b
1, L1 so as to be able to move forward and backward, respectively.

The observation adapter 62 incorporates a stereoscopic display monitor 65 for an endoscopic observation image by the stereoscopic video scope 27 and the like. A relay lens 66 and a beam splitter 67 are provided on the optical axis of the projection light. A fixed mirror 68 that bends the optical path and a fixed mirror 68 on the optical axis R2 of the transmitted light of the light beam split by the beam splitter 67 are provided.
A D shutter 69a is provided. An LCD shutter 69b is provided on the optical axis L2 of the reflected light. When the seventh mirror 64a is held on the optical path R1 at the advanced position indicated by the broken line, the light beam of the optical axis R2 is reflected by the mirror 64a and travels on the optical path R1, and the light beam of the optical axis L2 is shifted by the seventh mirror. When 64b is held on the optical path L1 at the advanced position indicated by the broken line, it is reflected by the mirror 64b and travels on the optical path L1.

In the power supply unit 71 shown in FIG. 14, a switch 72 provided on the observation adapter 62 is provided.
Controls the forward / backward movement of the seventh mirrors 64a and 64b by turning on and off the drive circuit 73 via the control unit 37, and simultaneously turns on and off the switch circuit 74.
F is also controlled. The switch circuit 74 receives the first and second video signals A and B at the same time as the input of the ON signal.
Further, they are connected to A / D circuits 75a and 75b, respectively. The signals A and B are input to a switching circuit 78 via memories 76a and 76b and D / A circuits 77a and 77b, respectively, and the switching circuit 78 is connected to a stereoscopic display monitor 65. The memories 76a and 76b are memories that can be read at twice the speed of writing, and are connected to the output of the synchronization circuit 77. Similarly, a field composition signal is output from the synchronization circuit 77 to the switching circuit 78, and the synchronization circuit 77 has a built-in drive circuit for alternately driving the LCD shutters 69a and 69b by the field composition signal. Thus, each of the two sets of A / D circuits 75a, 75
5b, memories 76a and 76b and a D / A circuit 77a,
77b, the switching circuit 78 and the synchronizing circuit 77 constitute an up-converter.

Since the present embodiment is constructed as described above, in the surgical microscope, while the operator's lens barrel 4 performs endoscopic observation with the stereoscopic video scope 27, the assistant's side view is performed. By turning on the switch 72 also in the mirror 43, the same endoscope observation as that of the operator can be performed.
That is, when the switch 72 is turned on, the first and second video signals A and B corresponding to the endoscopic observation images in the left and right optical paths which can be observed by the operator's lens barrel 4 are transmitted via the switch circuit 74 to the A / D circuit. A / D conversion is performed at 75a, 75b, and the memory 76a,
The video signals A and B in the right and left optical paths at double speed, which are stored in the memory 76b and up-converted after D / A conversion in the D / A circuits 77a and 77b, are alternately organized by the switching circuit 78 and displayed on the monitor 65. At this time, the synchronization circuit 7
7, the left and right optical paths R2 and L2 are set in accordance with the field composition signal output to the switching circuit 78 so that the images coincide with each other.
By alternately turning on and off the CD shutters 69a and 69b, that is, transmitting and blocking, time-division stereoscopic observation is realized. When the switch 72 is turned on, the seventh mirror 64 is turned on.
a and 64b are driven by the drive circuit 73 to output the observation light path R
1. Advance to L1 to display the time-division stereoscopic image on the assistant sideoscope 4
It is guided to a pair of eyepieces in the third lens barrel 61, and an endoscopic observation image similar to that of the operator can be obtained.

If a half prism is arranged in place of the seventh mirrors 64a and 64b, it is possible to observe an endoscopic observation image superimposed on a microscope observation image. Further, the configuration of the present embodiment can be similarly applied to an assistant microscope of a type configured by an optical system different from the stereoscopic microscope body 1.

As described above, the present embodiment is also applicable to the assistant side endoscope 43 of a type in which one of the pair of observation optical paths of the stereomicroscope is guided to stereoscopically observe the microscope observation image. It is possible to stereoscopically observe an image by an observation device other than a microscope, such as an endoscope. In addition, this image can be observed only when the assistant wishes, which is meaningful not only for surgery but also for academic and research purposes.

Next, a fourth embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 15 is a configuration diagram of the switching adapter. In FIG. 15, the switching adapter 80 has the same basic structure as the switching adapter 3 of the first embodiment, and the fixed mirror 81 transmits the light beam of the endoscope observation image emitted from the monitors 17a and 17b to the observation optical path R. , L in the direction of the polarization beam splitter 82. The polarizing beam splitter 82 has a polarizing film (not shown) that transmits a polarized light component (p-polarized light component) parallel to the incident surface and reflects a polarized light component (s-polarized light component) perpendicular to the incident surface. ing. Therefore, only the p-polarized component of the light beam of the microscope observation image passing through the mirror body 2 passes through the polarizing beam splitter 82, and only the s-polarized component of the light beam of the endoscope observation image is reflected on the observation optical paths R and L. Will progress.

On the observation optical paths R and L, a first liquid crystal polarizing plate 83 is disposed behind the observation optical paths R and L via a half prism 13, and the optical paths R 'and L' divided by the half prism 13.
Behind the upper reflecting prism 15, a second liquid crystal polarizing plate 84 is provided.
Is arranged. First and second liquid crystal polarizing plates 83, 84
Are connected to liquid crystal driving circuits 85 and 86, respectively. Both liquid crystal polarizing plates 83 and 84 transmit only the s-polarized component when a voltage is applied from the liquid crystal driving circuits 85 and 86, and no voltage is applied. At times, it is driven to transmit only the p-polarized light component. Both liquid crystal driving circuits 85 and 86 are connected to an operation switch 88 via an optical path selection circuit 87.
The switch 88 sets, for example, a “microscopic observation on both the main and sub sides” mode, a “microscopic observation on the main side only” mode, an “endoscope observation on both the main and sub sides” mode, a “endoscope observation only on the main side” mode, and the like. One of the several modes can be selected and output. Then, based on this output command, the optical path selection circuit 87 outputs the signals of the two liquid crystal driving circuits 85 and 86 to each other.
N and OFF are controlled.

Since the present embodiment is configured as described above, a pair of luminous fluxes of a microscope observation image obtained by the mirror 2 is split by the half prism 13 into the half prism 13 while transmitting only the p-polarized light component by the polarizing beam splitter 82. You. Also, monitor 17
A pair of luminous fluxes of the endoscope observation image by a and 17b are reflected by a fixed mirror 81 and then reflected by a polarizing beam splitter 82.
Only the polarized light component is reflected, and the reflected light is split into two by the half prism 13. When, for example, the "microscopic observation on both the main and sub sides" mode is selected by the switch 88, an OFF signal is output from the optical path selection circuit 87 to each of the liquid crystal driving circuits 85 and 86, and the first and second liquid crystal polarizing plates 83 and 84 are output. No voltage is applied to. Therefore, only the p-polarized light component passes through the liquid crystal polarizing plates 83 and 84 and is supplied to the operator's lens barrel 4 and the assistant's lens barrel 5, respectively.

When the operator wants to change the observation image of the operator from an endoscope in this state, the switch 88 may be used to select the "main-side only endoscope observation" mode. by this,
Since an ON signal is input from the optical path selection circuit 87 only to the liquid crystal driving circuit 85 and a voltage is applied to the first liquid crystal polarizing plate 83, only the s-polarized light component passes through the first liquid crystal polarizing plate 83,
An endoscope observation image can be observed with the surgeon's lens barrel 4.
The same control is performed when another mode is selected.

As described above, in this embodiment, the surgical microscope can be constructed without providing a mechanical driving means such as a mirror switching mechanism. The device can be further miniaturized. In addition, since the operator can obtain an operation space by downsizing the device, it is useful for performing a smoother operation.

The types of operation modes are not limited to those of the above-described embodiment. In addition, lens barrel 2, stereoscopic video scope 2
7 and the like constitute an objective optical system.
It is not limited to one.

[0044]

As described above, the surgical microscope according to the present invention is provided with the optical path selecting means for selecting any one of the plurality of objective optical systems and guiding the selected optical path to the second eyepiece optical system. , A plurality of observers can observe the same or different observation images at the same time, it is possible to reliably and easily perform assistance and operation at the time of surgery, and to improve the safety of the operation, Surgery can be performed smoothly.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram of a mirror section of a surgical microscope according to a first embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a view showing a structure of a gantry for supporting a mirror of an operating microscope.

FIG. 3 is a main part perspective view showing the internal structure of the switching adapter in a broken state.

FIG. 4 is a front view showing a switching mechanism of a second mirror.

FIG. 5 is a perspective view of a main part of the switching mechanism of FIG. 4;

FIG. 6 is a block diagram of a power supply unit.

FIG. 7 is an operation mode table showing a relationship between a selection mode of an observation image and a conduction / cutoff state of a mirror or the like.

FIG. 8 is a schematic perspective view of a mirror section according to a second embodiment of the present invention.

9 is a fragmentary perspective view showing the internal structure of the switching adapter of FIG. 8 in a broken state.

FIG. 10 is a block diagram of a power supply unit.

FIG. 11 is an operation mode table showing a relationship between a selection mode of an observation image and a conduction / interruption state of a mirror or the like.

FIG. 12 is a schematic perspective view of an assistant side endoscope of a mirror section according to a third embodiment of the present invention.

13 is a fragmentary perspective view showing the internal structure of the observation adapter of FIG. 12 in a broken state.

FIG. 14 is a block diagram of a power supply unit.

FIG. 15 is a diagram showing a block diagram of a switching adapter and a drive control circuit according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

 2 Mirror 3 Switching Adapter 4 Surgery Barrier 5 Assistant Barrel 12 First Mirror 13 Half Prism 14 Second Mirror 17a, 17b Monitor 19 Third Mirror 27 Stereoscopic Videoscope 45 35 mm Camera 47 Assistant Side Sight 48a, 48b Fourth mirror 49, 50 Beam splitter 51a, 51b Fifth mirror 52a, 52b Sixth mirror 62 Observation adapter 64a, 64b Seventh mirror 82 Polarizing beam splitter 83 First liquid crystal polarizing plate 84 Second liquid crystal polarizing plate

Continuation of the front page (56) References JP-A-3-105305 (JP, A) JP-A-3-58612 (JP, U) (58) Fields investigated (Int. Cl. ⁷ , DB name) G02B 19 / 00-21/00 G02B 21/06-21/36

Claims (3)

(57) [Claims] 1. A first objective optical system and a first objective light
A first eyepiece optical system for observing an image of a scientific system
And the image of the second objective optical system is transferred to the first eyepiece optical system.
A surgical microscope observable at a position between the first objective optical system and the first eyepiece optical system.
And an optical path dividing means for dividing an optical path of the first objective optical system.
And a step positioned on the optical path divided by the optical path dividing means.
And an eyepiece optical system provided on the first objective optical system side by the optical path dividing means.
Move into the optical path or retreat from the optical path,
The optical path of the objective optical system is selected as the optical path of the first objective optical system.
A first reflecting member for guiding selectively, and a first reflecting member provided on the first eyepiece optical system side from the optical path dividing means.
Move into the optical path or retreat from the optical path,
The optical path of the objective optical system is selected as the optical path of the first objective optical system.
An operating microscope comprising: a second reflecting member that selectively guides the operating member . 2. A first objective optical system and the first objective light
A first eyepiece optical system for observing an image of a scientific system
And the image of the second objective optical system is transferred to the first eyepiece optical system.
A surgical microscope observable at a position between the first objective optical system and the first eyepiece optical system.
And an optical path dividing means for dividing an optical path of the first objective optical system.
And a step positioned on the optical path divided by the optical path dividing means.
An eyepiece optical system, display means for displaying an image of the second objective optical system, and an optical path dividing means provided on the first objective optical system side.
And enter the light path or retreat from the light path, and
Means for displaying an image of the second objective optical system on the first pair.
A first reflecting member for selectively guiding to an optical path of the object optical system, and a first reflecting member provided on the first eyepiece optical system side by the optical path dividing means.
And enter the light path or retreat from the light path, and
Means for displaying an image of the second objective optical system on the first pair.
A surgical microscope , comprising: a second reflecting member that selectively guides the light to an optical path of an object optical system . 3. The first reflection member and the second reflection.
Characterized in that the member has been respectively pivot capable provided
The surgical microscope according to claim 1 or 2, wherein