JP4701180B2 - 吸収性構造体の製造方法 - Google Patents
吸収性構造体の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP4701180B2 JP4701180B2 JP2006532357A JP2006532357A JP4701180B2 JP 4701180 B2 JP4701180 B2 JP 4701180B2 JP 2006532357 A JP2006532357 A JP 2006532357A JP 2006532357 A JP2006532357 A JP 2006532357A JP 4701180 B2 JP4701180 B2 JP 4701180B2
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- superabsorbent polymer
- superabsorbent
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- fibers
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Description
本発明は、パーソナルケア吸収性物品及び医療用吸収性物品などに有用な安定した吸収性構造体に関するものであり、モノマー又は触媒などを含有する1つ又はそれ以上のポリマー前駆体流を予備形成基体に付加し、前駆体流が基体と接触した後に現位置で超吸収性ポリマーを形成することにより、吸収性材料の超吸収性ポリマー成分が形成される。
公知の工程に共通する1つの特徴は、超吸収性材料を繊維性基体に加えることができる前にそれを重合又は部分的に重合するための少なくともいくつかの別々の工程段階を必要とするということである。言い換えると、いずれの工程も繊維性基体内に超吸収性ポリマーを完全に形成するわけではない。
「セルロース繊維」という用語は、木質植物又は非木質植物のような天然資源からの繊維、再生セルロース、及び、化学的、機械的、又は熱処理、又はこれらの任意の組合せの手段によるこれらの繊維からの誘導体を意味する。木質植物は、例えば、落葉樹及び針葉樹を含む。非木質植物は、例えば、綿、亜麻、アフリカハネガヤ、トウワタ、麦わら、黄麻大麻、及びバガスを含む。再生セルロース繊維は、例えば、ビスコース及びレーヨンを含む。セルロース誘導体は、例えば、微結晶性セルロース、化学的架橋結合繊維、及び化学的非架橋結合より合わせ繊維を含む。
k
Σ(Xi *ni/n)
Xi>0
ここで、k=最大繊維長、Xi=個々の繊維長、ni=Xiの長さを有する繊維の数、及びn=測定した繊維の全数である。
「実質的に連続したフィラメント又は繊維」という用語は、限定はしないがスパンボンド繊維及びメルトブローン繊維を含む紡糸口金から押し出して調製されたフィラメント又は繊維であって、繊維性ウェブに形成される前にそれらの元の長さから切断されないものを意味する。実質的に連続したフィラメント又は繊維は、約15cmを超える長さから1メートルを超える長さまで、そして最大で形成される繊維性ウェブの長さまでの範囲の長さを有することができる。「実質的に連続したフィラメント又は繊維」の定義は、繊維性ウェブに形成される前には切断されないが、後に繊維性ウェブが切断される時に切断されるものを含む。
「熱可塑性」という用語は、熱に露出すると柔軟になって流動化し、室温まで冷やすと実質的にその元の硬化状態に戻る材料を表すように意味する。
「パーソナルケア吸収性物品」という用語は、おむつ、トレーニングパンツ、水着、吸収性下着、成人用失禁製品、及び女性用衛生製品などを含む。
「運動用吸収性物品」という用語は、吸収性運動靴下、パンツ、サポーター、ブラジャー、ショーツ、シャツ、スウェットバンド、及びヘルメットライナなどを含む。
「作業着吸収性物品」という用語は、実験着、つなぎ服、及び安全帽ライナなどを含む。
「ティッシュ及びタオル物品」という用語は、顔面用及び化粧室用ティッシュ、ペーパータオル、及びウェットワイプなどを含む。
超吸収性ポリマー前駆体組成物は、基体に付加され、制御された大きさ及び間隔を有する所定の制御された位置で反応させられる。化学反応によって所定の制御された位置で前駆体組成物から超吸収性ポリマーが形成され、基体に付着される。毛細管チャンネルが、超吸収性ポリマーの制御された位置の間の基体内に設けられる。これらの位置の大きさ及び間隔は、超吸収性ポリマーが完全に膨潤した時に超吸収性ポリマーの2つの領域がそれらの間の毛細管チャンネルを塞がないように制御される。言い換えると、超吸収性ポリマーの2つの領域は、互いに接触しないことになる。
初期重合が起こった状態で、付加的な表面架橋結合も超吸収性ポリマー領域上で実行することができる。表面架橋結合は、吸収性構造体の吸収特性を強化することができる。
図2は、超吸収性ポリマー領域14が多少の水性液体の吸収によって膨潤の中間段階を示すことを除いて、同じ吸収性構造体10を説明するものである。図3は、超吸収性ポリマー領域14が最大の水性液体の吸収によって最大膨潤を示すことを除いて、同じ吸収性構造体10を説明している。超吸収性ポリマー領域14が液体吸収によって膨潤する時に、超吸収性ポリマー領域の間の毛細管16はより小さくなる。しかし、図3で説明するように、たとえ最大膨潤においてさえも、隣接する超吸収性ポリマー領域14は互いに接触せず、毛細管16は閉じず又は塞がれない。
K≧1.05+id
ここで、dは1つの断面から次の隣接する断面までの間隔差を示し、iは順次0からN−1まで及ぶ整数である。
代替的に、図4で説明した実施形態の間隔係数Kは、以下の式によって順次各断面から次の断面まで異なるものとなる。
K=K0+id
ここで、K0≧1.05、dは1つの断面から次の断面までの間隔係数を示し、iは順次0からN−1まで及ぶ。
代替的に、図5で説明した実施形態の間隔係数Kは、順次各断面から次の断面まで異なるものとなり、以下の式により、1つ又は複数の中央断面で最小値、及び両最外側断面で最大値に達する。
1.カルボキシル基含有モノマー:(メタ)アクリル酸(アクリル酸又はメタクリル酸を意味する。同じ表記法が以下で用いられる)、マレイン酸、フマル酸、クロトン酸、ソルビン酸、イタコン酸、及び桂皮酸のようなモノエチレン化不飽和モノ又はポリカルボン酸、
2.カルボン酸無水物基含有モノマー:モノエチレン化不飽和ポリカルボン酸無水物(無水マレイン酸など)、
3.カルボン酸塩含有モノマー:モノエチレン化不飽和モノ又はポリカルボン酸(ソジウム(メタ)アクリレート、トリメチルアミン(メタ)アクリレート、トリエタノールアミン(メタ)アクリレート、ソジウムマレエート、メチルアミンマレエートなど)の水溶性塩(アルカリ金属塩、アンモニウム塩、アミン塩、その他)、
4.スルホン酸基含有モノマー:脂肪族又は芳香族ビニルスルホン酸(ビニルスルホン酸、アリルスルホン酸、ビニルトルエンスルホン酸、スチレンスルホン酸など)、(メタ)アクリルスルホン酸[スルホプロピル(メタ)アクリレート、2−ヒドロキシ−3−(メタ)アクリルオキシプロピルスルホン酸など]、
5.スルホン酸塩基含有モノマー:アルカリ金属塩、アンモニウム塩、上述のようなスルホン酸基含有モノマーのアミン塩、
6.ヒドロキシ基含有モノマー:モノエチレン化不飽和アルコール[(メタ)アリルアルコールなど]、ヒドロキシエチル(メタ)アクリレート、ヒドロキシプロピル(メタ)アクリレート、トリエチレングリコール(メタ)アクリレート、ポリ(オキシエチレンオキシプロピレン)グリコールモノ(メタ)アリルエーテル(ヒドロキシ基がエーテル化又はエステル化される場合がある)のようなポリオール(アルキレングリコール、グリセロール、ポリオキシアルキレンポリオール)のモノエチレン化不飽和エーテル又はエステル、
7.アミド基含有モノマー:ビニルホルムアミド、(メタ)アクリルアミド、バルキル(メタ)アクリルアミド(N−メチルアクリルアミド、ベクシルアクリルアミドなど)、N,N−ジアルキル(メタ)アクリルアミド(N,N−ジメチルアクリルアミド、N,N−ジ−n−プロピルアクリルアミドなど)、N−ヒドロキアルキル(メタ)アクリルアミド[N−メチロール(メタ)アクリルアミドなど]、N−ヒドロキシエチル(メタ)アクリルアミド、N,N−ジヒドロキシアルキル(メタ)アクリルアミド[N,N−ジヒドロキシエチル(メタ)アクリルアミドなど]、ビニルラクタム(N−ビニルピロリドンなど)、
8.アミノ基含有モノマー:モノエチレン化不飽和モノ又はジカルボン酸[ジメチルアミノエチル(メタ)アクリレート、ジエチルアミノエチル(メタ)アクリレート、モルホリノエチル(メタ)アクリレート、ジメチルアミノエチルフマレートなど]のアミノ基含有エステル(ジアルキルアミノアルキルエステル、ジヒドロキシアルキルアミノアルキルエステル、モルホリノアルキルエステルなど)、ビニルピリジン(2−ビニルピリジン、4−ビニルピリジン、N−ビニルピリジンなど)のような複素環式ビニル化合物、N−ビニルイミダゾール、
9.4級アンモニウム塩基含有モノマー:N,N,N−トリアルキル−N−(メタ)アクリロイルオキシアルキルアンモニウム塩[N,N,N−トリメチル−N−(メタ)アクリロイルオキシエチルアンモニウムクロリド、N,N,N−トリエチル−N−(メタ)アクリロイルオキシエチルアンモニウムクロリド、2−ヒドロキシ−3−(メタ)−アクリロイルオキシプロピルトリメチルアンモニウムクロリドなど]、及び
10.エーテル基含有モノマー:メトキシポリエチレングリコール(メタ)アクリレート、ポリエチレングリコールジメタシレート。
これらの中からアクリル酸又はその塩及びメタクリン酸又はその塩は有用であり、特にアクリル酸又はその塩が有用である。
アクリルモノマーは、アルカリ金属水酸化物又は重炭酸塩又はアンモニウム水酸化物など、好ましくは、水酸化ナトリウム及び水酸化カリウムのようなアルカリ金属水酸化物で中和することができる。
第1及び第2超前駆体組成物は、制御されて離間した位置で互いに化学的に反応し、基体に接着する個別の離間した超吸収性ポリマーの領域を形成する。基体が繊維性ウェブである場合には、超吸収性材料の領域を基体内の繊維上又は繊維の周囲に形成し、繊維に接着することができる。超吸収性ミクロドメインは、乾燥して非膨潤時に約50から約1000ミクロンの平均直径を有することができる。上述のように、本発明の吸収性構造体10は、この大きさの範囲に限定されない。個々の超吸収性ポリマー領域は、乾燥及び非膨潤時に、最も近い隣接領域から中心間で平均約150から約3000ミクロン離間することができる。上述のように、本発明の吸収性構造体は、この特定の間隔に限定されない。ミクロドメイン間の間隔及び超吸収性ポリマー領域の完全膨潤の大きさは、超吸収性ポリマー領域が最大容量まで膨潤している時でさえ、吸収性構造体が液体取り込み及び分布を妨げないようにするために調整される。ミクロドメインのパターン、大きさ、浸透深さ、及び間隔は、非接触印刷装置の設計及び作動条件によって異なるであろう。現位置重合のより、領域の位置は固定され、超吸収性ポリマーの領域は、固定された位置で基体に堅く付着する。
本発明の吸収性構造体は、特にパーソナルケア吸収性物品、医療用吸収性物品、ティッシュ及びタオル物品における吸収性コア材料として、広範な吸収性物品に有用である。パーソナルケア吸収性物品は、おむつ、トレーニングパンツ、水着、吸収性下着、乳児用ワイプ、成人用失禁製品、及び女性用衛生製品などを含む。医療用吸収性物品は、医療用吸収性衣類、ドレープ、ガウン、包帯、創傷被覆材、アンダーパッド、及びワイプなどを含む。ティッシュ及びタオル吸収性物品は、顔面用及び化粧室用ティッシュ、台所タオルのようなペーパータオル、外出用タオル、及びウェットワイプなどを含む。
以下の試験は、式に用いるための超吸収性ポリマーの最大吸収度ASを判断するのに用いることができる。本明細書で用いる場合、「遠心保持容量(CRC)」は、制御された条件の下で遠心分離を受けた後に保持された超吸収性材料の吸収容量の尺度である。CRCは、試験される材料のサンプルを、試験溶液(0.9%NaCl溶液)をサンプルによって自由に吸収させる間サンプルを含むことになる水透過性袋の中に置くことによって測定することができる。ヒートシール可能なティーバッグ材料(米国コネチカット州ウィンザーロックス所在の「Dexter Nonwovens」から品目番号1234Tとして入手可能)は、ほとんどの用途に十分に機能する。袋は、袋材料の5インチ×3インチサンプルを半分に折り畳み、2.5インチ×3インチの矩形ポーチを形成するために2つの開口縁部をヒートシールすることにより形成される。ヒートシールは、材料の縁部の内側約0.25インチとすべきである。サンプルがポーチに入れられた後に、残ったポーチの開口縁部もまたヒートシールされる。空の袋もまた対照としてサンプル袋と共に試験することになる。サンプルの大きさは、ティーバッグが材料の膨潤を制限しないように、一般的にはシールした袋の区域(約2インチ×2.5インチ)よりも小さい寸法を用いて選択される。約0.2gの乾燥超吸収性ポリマーのサンプルの大きさが適切である。3つのサンプル袋が各材料に対して試験される。
湿った袋は、次に、サンプルに350Gの力を掛けることができる適切な遠心分離機のかごに入れられる。(適切な遠心分離機は、ドイツハナウ所在の「Heraeus Infosystems GmbH」から入手可能な「Heraeus LABOFUGE 400」、「Heraeus Instruments」製、部品番号75008157である。)袋を1600rpmで3分間遠心分離する(目標350Gの力)。袋を取り出して計量する。袋材料だけによって保持された流体を考慮に入れた、材料によって吸収されて保持された流体の量が、材料グラム当たりの流体グラムで表した材料の「遠心保持容量」である。
本明細書に開示した本発明の実施形態は、現時点で好ましいものであるが、本発明の精神及び範囲から逸脱することなく様々な変更及び改良を行うことができる。本発明の範囲は、特許請求の範囲により示されており、均等物の意味及び範囲に該当する全ての変更は、本発明の範囲に含まれるものとする。
12 繊維性ウェブ基体
14 超吸収性ポリマー領域
16 毛細管
Claims (15)
- 吸収性構造体を製造する方法であって、
超吸収剤形成モノマーと架橋結合剤と還元剤とを含む第1の超吸収性ポリマー前駆体組成物を準備する段階と、
超吸収剤形成モノマーと架橋結合剤と酸化剤とを含む第2の超吸収性ポリマー前駆体組成物を準備する段階と、
複数の吸収性親水性繊維を含む予備形成基体を準備する段階と、
前記第1及び第2の超吸収性ポリマー前駆体組成物の少なくとも一方を、精密非接触印刷工程を用いて複数の離間した位置で前記基体のウェブに付加する段階と、
前記第1及び第2の超吸収性ポリマー前駆体組成物の他方を、非接触印刷工程を用いて前記基体に付加する段階と、
前記第1及び第2の超吸収性ポリマー前駆体組成物を前記複数の離間した位置で化学的に反応させ、前記基体に付着する超吸収性ポリマーの複数の個別の離間した領域を形成する段階と、
を含み、
前記超吸収ポリマーの前記領域は、乾燥時の平均直径が50−1000μmであり、
前記超吸収ポリマーの前記領域は、前記吸収性構造体の1−75重量%を構成することを特徴とする方法。 - 前記第1及び第2の超吸収性ポリマー前駆体組成物の他方は、前記複数の離間した位置で前記基体に付加されることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記第1及び第2の超吸収性ポリマー前駆体組成物の少なくとも一方は、インクジェット印刷工程を用いて付加されることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記超吸収剤形成モノマーは、脂肪族不飽和モノカルボン酸又はその塩、メタクリル酸又はその塩、不飽和ジカルボン酸又はその塩、及びそれらの組み合わせからなる群から選択された化合物を含むことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記超吸収剤形成モノマーは、アクリル酸及びその塩、メタクリル酸及びその塩、及びそれらの組み合わせからなる群から選択された化合物を含むことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記吸収性親水性繊維が、セルロース繊維を含むことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記予備形成基体が、熱可塑性繊維を含むことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記予備形成基体が、60−90重量%のセルロース繊維と、10−40重量%の熱可塑性繊維を含むことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記予備形成基体が、25−100重量%のセルロース繊維と、0−75重量%の熱可塑性繊維を含むことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記予備形成基体が、50−100重量%のセルロース繊維と、0−50重量%の熱可塑性繊維を含むことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記熱可塑性繊維が、メルトブローン繊維を含むことを特徴とする請求項7に記載の方法。
- 前記熱可塑性繊維が、スパンボンド繊維を含むことを特徴とする請求項7に記載の方法。
- 前記超吸収ポリマーは、ポリ(アクリル酸)及びポリ(メタクリン酸)のアルカリ金属及びアンモニウム塩、ポリ(アクリルアミド)、ポリ(ビニルエーテル)、ビニルエーテル及びアルファオレフィンとの無水マレイン酸コポリマー、ポリ(ビニルピロリドン)、ポリ(ビニルモルホリノン)、ポリ(ビニルアルコール)、及びそれらの組み合わせからなる群から選択されたポリマーを含むことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記超吸収ポリマーの前記領域は、前記吸収性構造体の15−65重量%を構成することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記超吸収ポリマーの前記領域は、前記吸収性構造体の20−50重量%を構成することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の方法。
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US10/443,366 US20030211248A1 (en) | 2001-12-14 | 2003-05-22 | High performance absorbent structure including superabsorbent added to a substrate via in situ polymerization |
US10/443,366 | 2003-05-22 | ||
PCT/US2004/009730 WO2004105823A2 (en) | 2003-05-22 | 2004-03-30 | High performance absorbent structure including superabsorbent added to a substrate via in situ polymerization |
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JP2007511245A JP2007511245A (ja) | 2007-05-10 |
JP4701180B2 true JP4701180B2 (ja) | 2011-06-15 |
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US (1) | US20030211248A1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP4701180B2 (ja) |
AR (1) | AR044031A1 (ja) |
DE (1) | DE112004000785T5 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2004105823A2 (ja) |
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- 2004-03-30 DE DE112004000785T patent/DE112004000785T5/de not_active Withdrawn
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US20030211248A1 (en) | 2003-11-13 |
DE112004000785T5 (de) | 2008-03-06 |
JP2007511245A (ja) | 2007-05-10 |
WO2004105823A2 (en) | 2004-12-09 |
AR044031A1 (es) | 2005-08-24 |
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