JP4690937B2 - Permanent magnet motor drive device - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a permanent magnet motor drive device that can obtain continuity of operation and redundancy when a short circuit failure occurs in an inverter that drives a permanent magnet motor.

  Permanent magnet motors are small, lightweight, and highly efficient motors, and in recent years there has been a movement to use them as motors for driving railway vehicles.

  In the case of a railway vehicle, when the apparatus side that controls the driving of the railway vehicle fails, the fact that the railway vehicle stops while the failure occurs stops the operation of other trains. For this reason, it is required to have redundancy that allows operation to continue even if one railcar drive control device fails.

  Permanent magnet motors have the advantages of small size, light weight and high efficiency as described above compared with induction motors conventionally used for driving railway vehicles. On the other hand, when the permanent magnet motor rotates, an induced voltage is applied to the motor terminal by the permanent magnet magnetic flux. appear. In general, an inverter, which is a power converter, is used for controlling the permanent magnet motor. However, when a semiconductor switching element such as an IGBT (Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor) constituting the inverter fails in a short-circuit mode, the terminals of the permanent magnet motor are short-circuited to form a short-circuit. If the vehicle continues to operate in this state, the permanent magnet motor is rotated as the vehicle travels, and a short-circuit current continues to flow due to the induced voltage, which may further increase the damage to the inverter. At this time, a braking force is generated by the permanent magnet motor due to the short-circuit current, and normal operation cannot be continued.

  For this reason, a switch (hereinafter referred to as a motor open contactor) that electrically separates the permanent magnet motor and the inverter when an inverter failure is detected is provided.

  However, conventionally, the motor open contactor has a configuration in which only one three-phase collective operation is used per three-phase AC circuit. For this reason, when the inverter has a short circuit failure and the motor open contactor cannot be opened due to astringency, the short circuit current continues to flow as in the case of no motor open contactor, and the inverter expands. There was a problem that normal operation could not be continued due to destruction and braking force.

  Therefore, as a method for solving this problem, Patent Document 1 (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2005-328619) discloses that two three-phase motors are opened between an inverter 501 and a permanent magnet motor 502 as shown in FIG. A method has been proposed in which contactors 503 and 504 are connected and connected in series, and even when one of the contactors cannot be opened due to astringency, the contactor 503 or 504 is opened by the other, thereby enabling reliable opening.

FIG. 8 shows a system in which two permanent magnet motors are in units, and FIG. 9 shows a system in which four permanent magnet motors are in units. In either system, two 3-phase motor open contactors are connected in series between the inverter and the permanent magnet motor, so that even if one cannot be opened due to astringency, the other opens. It is configured.
JP 2005-328619 A

  However, since the technique described in Patent Document 1 has a configuration in which two motor open contactors are connected in series, the apparatus becomes large. In addition, one set of motor open contactors is always required for each permanent magnet motor, and the increase in the external device size of each motor open contactor makes it difficult to mount in a limited device mounting space of a railway vehicle. In addition to this, there is a problem that the cost of the apparatus is increased.

  In view of the above circumstances, the present invention provides a permanent magnet motor drive device capable of obtaining continuity of operation and redundancy in case of an inverter short circuit failure in a permanent magnet motor drive system without connecting two open motor contactors in series. The purpose is that.

To achieve the above object, the present invention provides a three-phase permanent magnet motor for driving a vehicle, an inverter for driving the three-phase permanent magnet motor, and a three-phase between the inverter and the three-phase permanent magnet motor. A motor open contactor that is provided in each case and electrically disconnects the inverter and the permanent magnet motor in the event of a device failure; and a control device that controls on / off of the motor open contactor. The main circuit wiring is connected so that the phases are independent from each other.

In another aspect of the present invention, a plurality of three-phase permanent magnet motors for driving a vehicle, a plurality of inverters for individually driving these three-phase permanent magnet motors, each inverter and each three-phase permanent magnet A motor opening contactor that is provided in each of the three phases between the motor and electrically disconnects the inverter and the permanent magnet motor when the device fails, and a control device that controls on / off of these motor opening contactors; The motor open contactor is characterized in that the main circuit wiring is connected and configured so that the driving unit is shared with other groups of drive devices and the three phases of each group are operated by independent driving units.
According to still another aspect of the present invention, four three-phase permanent magnet motors for driving a vehicle, four inverters for driving these three-phase permanent magnet motors individually, each inverter and each three-phase permanent magnet motor. Three-phase collective drive and three-pole motor open contactor provided on each of the three phases between the magnet motor and electrically disconnecting the inverter and the permanent magnet motor when the device fails, and these motor open contactors And a control device that controls turning on and off of the motor, and wiring is performed so that two or more phases of the three-phase outputs from the same inverter are not connected to the same one of the motor open contactors.

  In this case, the motor open contactor has a three-phase drive unit.

  According to the present invention, it is possible to provide a permanent magnet motor drive device capable of obtaining continuity of operation and redundancy when an inverter short-circuit fault occurs in a permanent magnet motor drive system without connecting two open motor contactors in series. it can.

<< First Embodiment >>
FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a first embodiment of a permanent magnet motor drive device according to the present invention. The permanent magnet motor drive device in the first embodiment is a configuration example based on a system in which one permanent magnet motor is a unit.

  The permanent magnet motor drive device 1a shown in the figure includes an inverter 11 for driving a permanent magnet motor (PMSM motor) 12, and U-phase motor open contactors (MCOKU) provided in each phase between the inverter 11 and the motor 12. ) 21a, V-phase motor open contactor (MCOKV) 22a, W-phase motor open contactor (MCOKW) 23a, and control device 13 for controlling inverter 11 and on / off of motor open contactors 21a, 22a and 23a. And.

  The inverter 11 is a general vehicle inverter that takes in a DC voltage via the pantograph 2, the filter reactor 3, and the filter capacitor 4 to generate an AC of a desired voltage and a desired frequency and supplies the AC to the permanent magnet motor 12. Specifically, the inverter 11 is composed of six semiconductor switching elements (IGBTs), and operates according to the on / off PWM gate signal command of each element sent from the control device 13. The operation is the same as in the prior art, and detailed description is omitted.

  The control device 13 detects a position detection value from a position sensor (not shown) that detects the rotor position of the permanent magnet (PMSM) motor 12 and a current value of each phase provided on the output side of the inverter 11. On / off of each element to the inverter 11 so that the permanent magnet motor 12 can output the torque according to the torque command by inputting a feedback signal such as a three-phase current detection value from a current sensor (not shown) and the motor torque command. The PWM gate signal command is output. Further, when the actual on / off operation of the inverter is input from the inverter 11 as a gate feedback signal and there is a discrepancy with the on / off PWM gate signal command, when the motor current detection value exceeds a certain value or an overcurrent occurs, or the inverter When the criteria for determining an inverter failure is satisfied, such as when the DC input voltage falls below a preset value, it is determined that the inverter has failed, and the motor open contactors 21a, 22a, and 23a of each phase are opened. Outputs a command.

  The U-phase motor open contactor (MCOKU) 21a, the V-phase motor open contactor (MCOKV) 22a, and the W-phase motor open contactor (MCOKW) 23a are connected to the inverter 11 and PMSM according to the open command output from the control device 13. The main circuit contact that electrically connects each phase of the UVW with the motor 12 is turned on and off.

  FIG. 2A shows a short-circuit current path in the case where the motor open contactor cannot be opened due to firmness in the conventional example. As shown in the figure, when the motor open contactor is stuck and cannot be opened, a short-circuit current continues to flow. On the other hand, FIG. 2B shows a state in the present embodiment when the motor open contactor is stuck only in one phase (V phase) and cannot be opened. As long as there is no double fault (three faults when combined with an inverter short-circuit fault) that prevents any one of the other two phases from opening at the same time, the short-circuit current is blocked and the objective can be achieved. Recognize.

  Thus, according to the permanent magnet motor drive device 1a of the first embodiment, when an inverter short-circuit failure occurs, one of the drive mechanisms of the motor open contactors 21a, 22a, and 23a is stiff. Even when it becomes impossible to open, since it has a drive mechanism independent of three phases, a short circuit is not configured, and operation can be continued without connecting two motor open contactors in series as in the conventional example. The main circuit configuration can be realized.

<< Second Embodiment >>
FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing the configuration of the second embodiment of the permanent magnet motor drive device according to the present invention. The permanent magnet motor drive device 1b in the second embodiment is a configuration example based on a system in which two permanent magnet motors are unit units.

  The permanent magnet motor drive device 1b shown in FIG. 1 includes a first inverter 111 that drives a first permanent magnet motor (PMSM motor) 121 and a second inverter that drives a second permanent magnet motor (PMSM motor) 122. The inverter 112, the control device 13, a U-phase motor open contactor (MCOU) 21b, a V-phase motor open contactor (MCOKV) 22b, and a W-phase motor open contactor (MCOKW) 23b are configured. Reference numeral 5 denotes a filter capacitor provided on the input side of the second inverter 112.

  The U-phase motor open contactor (MCOKU) 21b, the V-phase motor open contactor (MCOKV) 22b, and the W-phase motor open contactor (MCOKW) 23b are each composed of a two-pole switch having two-pole contacts. As in the first embodiment, the main circuit contacts that electrically connect the UVW phases of the inverter 111 and the PMSM motor 121 and the inverter 112 and the PMSM motor 122 are turned on and off according to the opening command output from the control device 13. .

  The U-phase motor open contactor 21b is connected such that one of the two-pole contacts opens and closes the connection between the U-phase of the first inverter 111 and the U-phase of the first PMSM motor 121, and the other contact Are connected to open and close the connection between the U phase of the second inverter 112 and the U phase of the second PMSM motor 122.

  The V-phase motor open contactor 22b is connected such that one of the two-pole contacts opens and closes the connection between the V-phase of the first inverter 111 and the V-phase of the first PMSM motor 121, and the other contact. Are connected to open and close the connection between the V phase of the second inverter 112 and the V phase of the second PMSM motor 122.

  The W-phase motor open contactor 23b is connected so that one of the two-pole contacts opens and closes the connection between the W-phase of the first inverter 111 and the W-phase of the first PMSM motor 121, and the other contact Are connected to open and close the connection between the W phase of the second inverter 112 and the W phase of the second PMSM motor 122.

  Therefore, according to the permanent magnet motor drive device 1b of the second embodiment, when an inverter short-circuit failure occurs, one of the drive mechanisms of the motor open contactors 21b to 23b cannot be opened due to firmness. Even in this case, since the three-phase drive mechanism is independent, a short circuit is not configured, and it is possible to realize a main circuit configuration capable of continuing operation without connecting two motor open contactors in series. become.

<< Third Embodiment >>
FIG. 4 is a block diagram showing the configuration of the third embodiment of the permanent magnet motor drive device according to the present invention. The permanent magnet motor drive device 1c in the third embodiment is also a configuration example based on a system in which two permanent magnet motors are unit units. The motor open contactor is different from the second embodiment in that a three-pole motor open contactor having a three-phase collective driving device is applied.

  As shown in FIG. 5, the U-phase motor open contactor 21 c is connected so that one of the three-pole contacts opens and closes the connection between the U-phase of the inverter 111 and the U-phase of the PMSM motor 121. The contacts are connected to open and close the connection between the U phase of inverter 112 and the U phase of PMSM motor 122. The remaining one pole is not connected, or both ends are short-circuited by wiring or the like.

  The V-phase motor open contactor 22c is connected so that one of the two pole contacts opens and closes the connection between the V-phase of the inverter 111 and the V-phase of the PMSM motor 121, and the other contact is the V-phase of the inverter 112. The connection between the phase and the V phase of the PMSM motor 122 is opened and closed. The remaining one pole is not connected, or both ends are short-circuited by wiring or the like.

  The W-phase motor open contactor 23c is connected so that one of the two-pole contacts opens and closes the connection between the W-phase of the inverter 111 and the W-phase of the PMSM motor 121, and the other contact is the W-contact of the inverter 112. The connection between the phase and the W phase of the PMSM motor 122 is opened and closed. The remaining one pole is not connected, or both ends are short-circuited by wiring or the like.

  The switch is generally a three-pole type with three-phase collective drive, and the design is optimized for mass reduction and cost reduction by mass production. By applying the three-pole system, as in the second embodiment, when an inverter short-circuit failure occurs, even when one of the drive mechanisms of the motor open contactor becomes hard and cannot be opened. Since the three-phase drive mechanism is independent, a short circuit is not configured, and it is possible to realize a main circuit configuration capable of continuing operation without connecting two motor open contactors in series. Therefore, further downsizing and cost reduction of the apparatus can be achieved.

<< Fourth Embodiment >>
FIG. 6 is a block diagram showing the configuration of the fourth embodiment of the permanent magnet motor drive device according to the present invention. The permanent magnet motor drive device in the fourth embodiment is a configuration example based on a system in which four permanent magnet motors are unit units.

  The permanent magnet motor drive device 1d of the fourth embodiment is a first inverter 111 that drives a first permanent magnet motor (PMSM motor) 121 and a second inverter that drives a second permanent magnet motor (PMSM motor) 122. The second inverter 112, the third inverter 113 that drives the third permanent magnet motor (PMSM motor) 123, the fourth inverter 114 that drives the fourth permanent magnet motor (PMSM motor) 124, and the control device 13, a first motor open contactor (MCOK1) 21d, a second motor open contactor (MCOK2) 22d, a third motor open contactor (MCOK3) 23d, and a fourth motor open contactor ( MCOK4) 24d. Note that 6 is a filter capacitor provided on the input side of the third inverter 113, and 7 is a filter capacitor provided on the input side of the fourth inverter 114.

  First motor open contactor (MCOK1) 21d, second motor open contactor (MCOK2) 22d, third motor open contactor (MCOK3) 23d, and fourth motor open contactor (MCOK4) 24d Is composed of a three-pole switch having three-pole contacts, and in the same manner as in the first embodiment, in accordance with an open command output from the control device 13, the inverter 111 and the PMSM motor 121, and the inverter 112 and the PMSM motor 122 The main circuit contacts that electrically connect the UVW phases of the inverter 113 and the PMSM motor 123 and the inverter 114 and the PMSM motor 124 are turned on and off.

  The first motor open contactor 21d has three pole contacts connected in the following combinations.

Combination 1: U phase of first inverter 111 and U phase of first PMSM motor 121 Combination 2: U phase of second inverter 112 and U phase of second PMSM motor 122 Combination 3: third inverter 113 The U-phase of the third PMSM motor 123 and the second motor open contactor 22d of the third PMSM motor 123 have three pole contacts connected in the following combinations.

Combination 4: V-phase of first inverter 111 and V-phase of first PMSM motor 121 Combination 5: V-phase of second inverter 112 and V-phase of second PMSM motor 122 Combination 6: Fourth inverter 114 The U-phase of the fourth PMSM motor 124 and the third motor open contactor 23d of the fourth PMSM motor 124 have three pole contacts connected in the following combinations.

Combination 7: W phase of the first inverter 111 and W phase of the first PMSM motor 121 Combination 8: V phase of the second inverter 112 and V phase of the second PMSM motor 122 Combination 9: Fourth inverter 114 The V-phase of the fourth PMSM motor 124 and the fourth motor open contactor 24d have three pole contacts connected in the following combinations.

Combination 10: W phase of second inverter 112 and W phase of second PMSM motor 122 Combination 11: W phase of third inverter 113 and W phase of third PMSM motor 123 Combination 12: fourth inverter 114 The W phase of the fourth PMSM motor 124 and the W phase of the fourth PMSM motor 124 are an example of the fourth embodiment. Among the UVW three-phase outputs from the same inverter, two or more phases are the motor open contactors 21d to 24d. The wiring connection method is not limited to the above as long as it is a connection method in consideration of not being connected to the same.

  As described above, according to the permanent magnet motor drive device 1d of the fourth embodiment, when an inverter short circuit failure occurs, one of the drive mechanisms of the motor open contactors 21d to 24d cannot be opened due to firmness. In this case, since the three-phase drive mechanism is provided independently, a short circuit is not configured, and a main circuit configuration capable of continuing operation can be realized without connecting two motor open contactors in series. It becomes possible.

  Further, in the conventional method, eight three-pole switches (motor open contactors) are required, but in the fourth embodiment, the object can be achieved by only four three-pole switches (motor open contactors). Therefore, downsizing and cost reduction of the apparatus can be realized.

1 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a first embodiment of a permanent magnet motor drive device according to the present invention. It is explanatory drawing which shows the effect | action of 1st Embodiment compared with a prior art example. It is a block diagram which shows the structure of 2nd Embodiment of the permanent magnet motor drive apparatus which concerns on this invention. It is a block diagram which shows the structure of 3rd Embodiment of the permanent magnet motor drive device which concerns on this invention. It is explanatory drawing which shows the structure of the motor open contactor in 3rd Embodiment. It is a block diagram which shows the structure of 4th Embodiment of the permanent magnet motor drive apparatus which concerns on this invention. It is a block diagram which shows the prior art example structure of a permanent magnet motor drive device. It is a block diagram which shows the other conventional example structure of a permanent magnet motor drive apparatus. It is a block diagram which shows the further another conventional example structure of a permanent magnet motor drive apparatus.

Explanation of symbols

1a, 1b, 1c, 1d: Permanent magnet motor drive device 2: Pantograph
3: Filter reactor
4, 5, 6, 7: Filter capacitors 11, 111, 112, 113, 114: Inverters 12, 121, 122, 123, 124: Permanent magnet (PMSM) motors 13: Control devices 21a, 21b, 21c: U-phase motors Open contactor 22a, 22b, 22c: V phase motor open contactor 23a, 23b, 23c: W phase motor open contactor 21d: First motor open contactor 22d: Second motor open contactor 23d: Third Motor open contactor 24d: Fourth motor open contactor

Claims (4)

A three-phase permanent magnet motor for driving the vehicle;
An inverter that drives the three-phase permanent magnet motor;
A motor open contactor that is provided in each of the three phases between the inverter and the three-phase permanent magnet motor, and electrically disconnects the inverter and the permanent magnet motor in the event of a device failure;
A control device for controlling on / off of the motor open contactor,
A permanent magnet motor drive device, wherein the motor open contactor is formed by connecting main circuit wiring so that three phases are independent from each other. A plurality of three-phase permanent magnet motors for driving the vehicle;
A plurality of inverters for individually driving these three-phase permanent magnet motors;
A motor open contactor that is provided in each of the three phases between each inverter and each three-phase permanent magnet motor, and electrically disconnects the inverter and the permanent magnet motor when the device fails;
A control device for controlling on / off of these motor opening contactors,
The motor open contactor is characterized in that a drive unit is shared with another group of drive devices, and main circuit wiring is connected and configured so that three phases of each group operate with independent drive units. Magnet motor drive device. In the permanent magnet motor drive device according to claim 2,
The motor open contactor is a permanent magnet motor drive device characterized in that the unit of collective drive is three phases. Four three-phase permanent magnet motors for driving the vehicle;
Four inverters that drive each of these three-phase permanent magnet motors;
A three-phase motor open contactor that is provided in each of the three phases between each inverter and each three-phase permanent magnet motor and electrically disconnects the inverter and the permanent magnet motor when the device fails. ,
A control device for controlling on / off of these motor opening contactors,

A permanent magnet motor drive device, wherein two or more phases of three-phase outputs from the same inverter are wired so as not to be connected to the same one of the motor open contactors.

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