JP4689144B2 - 眼球血管新生を処置するための方法 - Google Patents
眼球血管新生を処置するための方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP4689144B2 JP4689144B2 JP2002567337A JP2002567337A JP4689144B2 JP 4689144 B2 JP4689144 B2 JP 4689144B2 JP 2002567337 A JP2002567337 A JP 2002567337A JP 2002567337 A JP2002567337 A JP 2002567337A JP 4689144 B2 JP4689144 B2 JP 4689144B2
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Description
本発明は、眼球血管新生の予防および治療処置のための方法に関する。この発明はまた、眼球血管新生の処置において使用し得る、ベクター、より特にレトロウイルスベクターに関する。
眼球血管新生は、過去には首尾良く処置されていない。目の前部の組織(すなわち角膜、虹彩、および小柱網)の血管新生および、目の後部の状態、例えば網膜、網膜下、黄斑、および視神経頭血管新生を含む他の状態を、本発明の方法の適用によって予防および処置できる。本方法は、血管新生の緩解のために提供することを含む、眼球血管新生を予防および処置するのに有用である。
本発明は、個体における眼球血管新生の処置のための方法であって、眼球血管新生に罹患する個体における、個体の眼組織のエンドスタチンのインビボ濃度の、眼球血管新生阻害有効量への増加を実施することを含む方法を提供し、ここでエンドスタチンは、インビボの抗眼球血管新生活性を有する。
更なる側面では、本発明の方法で使用されるエンドスタチンは、配列番号1に示されるアミノ酸配列を有するポリペプチドである。さらなる好ましい側面では、エンドスタチンは、配列番号1に示すアミノ酸配列を有するポリペプチドのポリペプチドフラグメント、配列番号1に示すアミノ酸配列を有するポリペプチドの誘導体、または配列番号1に示すアミノ酸配列を有するポリペプチドの変異体である。そのような活性フラグメントおよび変異体の例は、例えば引用によりその全体をここに含める米国特許6174861に示される。
エンドスタチンは、腫瘍血管形成および成長を阻害すると見出された、XVIII型コラーゲンの切断産物である。インターフェロンα2aはまた、腫瘍血管形成を阻止し、そして血管腫の緩解を生じるが、脈絡膜血管新生(CNV)に効果がない。したがって、腫瘍血管形成の阻害剤は、眼球血管新生を必ずしも阻害しない。本発明は、個体の眼組織におけるエンドスタチンのインビボ濃度を、眼球血管新生阻害有効量に増加させることは、眼球血管新生の処置において有効であるという、驚くべきかつ予測できない発見を叙述する。
エンドスタチンおよびそのフラグメントまたは誘導体をコードするDNA配列は、引用によりここに全体が含まれる米国特許5854205に示され、記載される。
を含む。特に、そのような核酸は、ポリペプチドコード領域に作動可能に連結されたプロモーターを有し、該プロモーターは誘導可能または構成的であり、そして所望により組織特異的である。さらなる特定の実施態様では、核酸分子であって、ポリペプチドコード配列および任意の他の望まれる配列が、ゲノムの望まれる部位で相同的組換えを促進し、こうして望まれる核酸の染色体内発現を提供する領域によって隣接される、核酸分子を使用する。
好ましい実施態様では、遺伝子治療のため使用される細胞は、患者の自己由来である。
アデノウイルスベクターの生成:方法1
マウスエンドスタチン(mEndo)cDNAをGenome Systems(St. Louis, MO)からのマウスコラーゲンXVIIIクローンID748987からポリメラーゼ連鎖反応(PCR)によって、プライマー5’― actggtgacg cggcccatac tcatcaggac tttcagcc―3’(配列番号6)および5’― aagggctatc gatctagctg gcagaggcct at―3’(配列番号7)で増幅する(598bpのF1フラグメント)。マウス免疫グロブリンk鎖リーダー配列(Ig−kリーダー)を、pSecTag2(InVitrogen, Carlsbad, CA)から、プライマー5’― cactgcttac tggcttatcg―3’(配列番号8)および5’― ctgatgagta tgggccgcgt caccagtgg―3’(配列番号9)でPCR増幅する(147bpのF2フラグメント)。PCRをPfuDNAポリメラーゼ(Stratagene, La Jolla, CA)で、以下の条件下35サイクル実施する:95℃熱開始3分間、95℃変性1分間、55℃アニーリング1分間、および72℃伸長2分間。DNAフラグメントをゲル精製する。sig−mEndoキメラDNA(718bp)を、テンプレートとして前記の生成したF1およびF2 DNAフラグメントでのPCRスプライスオーバーラップ伸長によって生成し、マウスIg−kリーダー配列およびマウスエンドスタチンcDNAをアセンブルする。PCRをプライマー5’― cactgcttac tggcttatcg―3’(配列番号8)および5’― aagggctatc gatctagctg gcagaggcct at―3’(配列番号10)で、PfuDNAポリメラーゼ(Stratagene)を使用して、実施する。PCRを、以下の条件下で35サイクル稼動する:95℃熱開始3分間、95℃変性1分間、60℃アニーリング1分間、および72℃伸長2分間。
マウスcDNAを、スナップ凍結した2週齢C57BL/6マウス(Charles River Laboratories, Wilmington, MA)肝臓からのRNAを単離することによって(RNeasy Mini kit; Qiagen, Valencia, CA)およびモロニーマウス白血病ウイルス逆転写酵素(Life Technologies, Inc., Gaithersburg, MD)で処理することによって、取得する。マウスエンドスタチン遺伝子を、TAクローニングベクター(Invitrongen, Carlsbad, CA)に、PCRによって、プライマーセンス5’― gatctctaga ccaccatgca tactcatcag gactt―3’(配列番号11)およびアンチセンス5’― actggagaaa gaggtttatc tagctactag―3’(配列番号12)を使用してクローニングする。18アミノ酸E3/19Kシグナル配列MRYMILGLLALAAVCSAA(配列番号13)を、PCRによって、エンドスタチンから上流に、プライマーセンス5’― gatctctaga ccaccatgag gtacatgatt ttaggcttgc tcgcccttgc ggcagtctgc agcgcggccc atactcatac tcatcaggac tttcag―3’(配列番号14)およびアンチセンス(前記)を使用して挿入する。プラスミドDNAを、DH5細胞(Life Technologies)において増幅し、そしてシグナル配列−マウスエンドスタチン(ss−mEndo)配列を、確認する(ABI Prism 310自働配列決定機;PE Applied Biosystems, Foster City, CA)。
BALB/cマウスからの肝臓組織をホモゲナイズし、そして総RNAを抽出する(RNeasy kit; Qiagen, Chatsworth, CA)。第1鎖cDNAを、オリゴ(dT)プライマーでの逆転写PCR(SuperScriptII; Life Technologies, Grand Island, NY)によって増幅する。完全長マウスエンドスタチンcDNAを、PCRによって、ClaIリンカーを有するセンスプライマー、5’― atcgatcata ctcatcagga ctttcagcc―3’(配列番号15);NotIリンカーを有するアンチセンスプライマー5’― gcggccgcct atttggagaa agaggtcat―3’(配列番号16)を使用して、pBluescript(Stratagene)にサブクローン化するために達成する。ラットインスリンリーダー配列をコードする合成オリゴヌクレオチドを、エンドスタチン遺伝子の前にクローン化する。配列確認後、ラットインスリンリーダー−エンドスタチンcDNAを、組換えアデノウイルス(ADS)シャトルベクターpADV.hEF1−α(ヒト伸長因子1−α)に、組換えアデノウイルスのレスキューのため、Bautista, D.S.et al., (1991)Virology 182, 578-196によって記載のようにクローン化する。ウイルス粒子を、吸収(A260)によって測定し、そしてプラーク形成単位を、293細胞において標準的アガロースオーバーレイアッセイによって決定する。ADV.hVEGF165の構築のためのcDNAを、ヒトへそ静脈内皮細胞(HUVEC)から単離したRNAの逆転写PCRによって取得する。JCおよびLLC細胞株を、American Type Culture Collectionから取得する。細胞を、PPMI培地1640(JC)およびDMEM(LLC)で培養する。すべての培地を、10%FBS、0.2mMグルタミン、および1%ペニシリン/ストレプトマイシンで補足する。HUVECをへそのおから、20分間室温で、コラゲナーゼIV型(Sigma)かん流(Hanksの平衡塩溶液0.2%)によって単離する。細胞をついで、コラーゲン被覆下(PBS中1%)プレート上で、20%のFBS、0.2mMのグルタミン、1%のペニシリン/ステレプとマイシン、および1ng/mlのbFGF中で培養する。
ウイルスベクターを、成体C57BL/6マウスの尾部静脈に注射する。マウスに、Av3mEndo(n=18)またはAv3mNull(n=17)の2x1011粒子またはAv3CsmEndoまたはav3CsNullの6x1010粒子を注射する。ウイルスベクター注射5日後、マウスを塩酸ケタミンで麻酔し、(100mg/kg体重)、瞳孔を1%トロピカミドで拡張させ、そしてTobe, et al., J. Pathol. 153, 1641-1646(1998)によって以前記載されたように、クリプトンレーザー光凝固術を使用し、各マウスの各眼の3つの位置でBruchの膜を破裂させる。簡単には、クリプトンレーザー光凝固術(100μmスポットサイズ、0.1秒期間、120mW)は、Coherent Model 920 Photocoagulatorのスリットランプ送達システムを使用してそしてコンタクトレンズとして手持ちカバースライドを使用して送達する。熱傷を、視神経から2−3ディスク直径の、9、12および3時の位置で実施する。レーザーの時の蒸発バブルの生産であって、Bruchの膜の破裂を示すものは、CNVを取得することにおいて重要なファクターであり、だからバブルが生産された熱傷のみを、研究に含める。バブルは、Av3mEndoを注射したマウスにおいて1熱傷およびAv3mNullを注射したマウスで3熱傷について生産されない。Av3mEndoを注射されたマウスの1の目の角膜は、レーザーの使用を妨げる角膜傷跡を有し、その眼は使用しない。
レーザー処置の2週間後、CNV病変のサイズを、2つの異なる技法、Seo, et al., Amer. J. Pathol. 154,1743-1753(1999)によって以前報告されたような一連切片上のCNV積算面積の測定、またはEdelman et al., Invest.Ophthalmol.Vis.Sci.41 S834(2000)によって記載されたような脈絡膜フラットマウントにおけるCNVの面積の測定のいずれかによって評価する。Av3mEndoを注射したマウスについて、10匹マウスを、フラットマウント技法によっておよび8匹を一連切片によって、評価し、Av3mNullを注射したマウスについて、10マウスをフラットマウント技法によって、および7匹を一連切片によて評価する。
CNV病変の平均面積対それぞれのマウスにおけるエンドスタチン血清レベルのプロットは、強い負の相関を示し、r=−0.66である。
アデノウイルスベクターの全身性投与が目の顕著な形質導入を生じるか決定するため、マウスのある群にAv3nBgを注射する。このベクターは、RSVプロモーターからβガラクトシダーゼを発現する。5日後、マウスを殺し、そしてβガラクトシダーゼ活性を、目および肝臓のホモジネートにおいて、化学発光アッセイを使用して測定する。肝臓および目を、マウスからの除去に続き、スナップ凍結する。アッセイの日に、肝臓または目を細胞溶解緩衝液(40:1v/v 1xReporter Lysis Buffer(Promega, Madison WI):Protease Inhibitor Cocktail(Sigma, St.Louis MO))においてホモジナイズする。タンパク質含量を、Bradford Assay(Bioad, Hercules CA)によって決定する。βガラクトシダーゼ活性を、Galacto-Lightシステム(Tropix, Bedford MA)を使用いて決定する。
マウスに、Av3mEndo(n=10)またはAv3mNull(n=9)の2x1011粒子を尾部静脈に注射し、そしてこれらにAv3CsmEndo(n=11)またはAv3CsmNull(n=11)の6x1010粒子を注射する。注射なしコントロール群(n=11)をまた含める。注射4日後、Burchの膜を、前記のようなそれぞれのマウスのそれぞれの目の3場所にレーザーで破裂させる。注射7日後、血液をそれぞれのマウスの尾部静脈から引き出し、そして血清をELISAのため−80℃で貯蔵する。注射18日後、およびレーザの14日後、CNVの面積を、前記のように脈絡膜フラットマウント上で評価する。
ヒトエンドスタチンcDNAを、ヒトα(XVIII)コラーゲンのcDNAからPCR増幅する。ヒト肝臓cDNAを、ヒト肝臓ポリA RNA(Clonetech, Palo Alto, CA)から、逆転写ポリメラーゼ連鎖反応(RT−PCR)によって生成する。逆転写を、プライマー5’― tttttttttc agtgtaaaag gtc―3’(配列番号17)で、Perkin Elmer RT-PCRキット(Perin Elmer Applied Biosystems, Foster City, CA)を使用して、以下の条件の1サイクルを使用して実施する:室温10分間、42℃逆転写3分間、99℃変性5分間、5℃冷却5分間、およびcDNAがエタノール沈降し再懸濁するまで4℃保持。790bpヒトエンドスタチンcDNAフラグメントを、調製したcDNAから、プライマー5’― cagatgacat cctggccag―3’(配列番号18)および5’― ctatacagga aagtatggca gc―3’(配列番号19)を使用して増幅するPCRを、以下の条件で35サイクル実施する:95℃熱開始3分間、80℃3分間、次いでpfuDNAポリメラーゼ(Stratagene, La Jolla, CA)の添加、95℃変性1分間、55℃アニーリング1分間、および72℃伸長3分間。790bpヒトエンドスタチンcDNAフラグメントをゲル精製しそして、アニーリング温度58℃を使用することのほか記載のように再増幅する。790bpヒトエンドスタチンcDNAフラグメントを、ゲル精製し、そしてPCR-Script Cloning Kits(Stratagene)を製造者の手法にしたがって使用してPCR-Script Amp SK+にクローニングし、pcrhend 1を生成する。pcrhend 1プラスミドのヒトエンドスタチンcDNA領域を、Geneti Therapy, Inc. Gaithersburg, MDにおけるGene Therapy Core Technologies Molecular Core Laboratoryによって直接的配列決定で確認する。
Av3bmhendlxに感染した細胞の上清タンパク質、すなわちヒトエンドスタチンを、SDS−PAGEによって分析する。それぞれの20μgの上清タンパク質を、4ないし12%線形勾配予め成形したゲル上で分析する。SDS−PAGEを、ポリビニリデンフルオリド膜に移す。膜をクマシーブルーR−250で染色する。ヒトエンドスタチンの正確なサイズに対応する20kDaタンパク質バンドを、膜ブロットから切除し、そしてN末端タンパク質配列決定分析に付す。3つの主要な分泌タンパク質のタンパク質配列を決定し、50%が追加的アミノ酸残基APQQEALA(配列番号5)を有するヒトエンドスタチンのアミノ酸配列を含み、25%は残基LAを含み、そして25%がヒトBM40基底タンパク質シグナルペプチドからの残基を含まない。20kDaのタンパク質は、Av3Null細胞からの上清タンパク質には見出されない。結果は、Av3bmhendlxで形質導入されたS8細胞が、ヒトエンドスタチンを発現し、そしてそれがヒトBM40基底タンパク質シグナルペプチドから加工された後、分泌することを実証する。
eGFPをコードするウシ免疫不全ウイルス性(BIV)ベクターを、3つの成分システムから生成し(引用によりここに全体を含める、公開国際特許出願WO0144458に記載される)、そして網膜下注射を介してマウスの目に注射する(5x105形質導入単位/眼あたり)。目組織を収集し、切片化し、そして注射の1週間ないし10日の範囲の異なる時点の、eGFP発現について試験する。切片か組織を直接的に、eGFP発現について免疫蛍光顕微鏡によって試験し、または免疫組織化学的染色で検出する。網膜色素上皮(ROE)細胞の顕著な部分を、eGFP発現によって指摘されるようなBVIベクターによって形質導入し、免疫組織化学的染色および免疫蛍光の両方によって検出する。
O'Reilly et al., Cell;88(2)277-85(1997)にしたがって調製したマウスエンドスタチンをコードするBIVベクターを、Doxycyclinと注射するとマウス光受容体細胞から血管内皮成長因子を発現するトランスジェニックマウス(IRBP/rtTA-TRE/VEGF tgMICE)の網膜下注射を介して投与する。BIVベクターを、左目をベクターの投与のないコントロールとして供しつつ、マウス右目に注射する。ベクター注射3週間後、0.5mg/mlのDoxycyclinをトランスジェニックマウスのための飲料水中に配置する。Docycyclin誘導性VEGF発現が、フルオレセインアンギオグラフの試験によってトランスジェニックマウスの左目上に重症血管新生を引き起こすことを見出す。VEGF誘導性血管新生は完全に、同じ動物の右目のBIVベクター介在エンドスタチン発現によって阻止される。
アデノウイルスベクター送達システムを使用するインビボのエンドスタチンの調節された発現を、Xu et al., Molecular Therapy; 3:262(2001)によって記載された方法にしたがって達成する。この調節システムは、2つの要素、誘導可能転写因子、およびマウスエンドスタチンの発現を駆動する応答性プロモーターからなる。転写因子は、タモキシフェンに応答性である修飾されたヒトエストロゲンリガンド結合ドメイン、独特なシステイン2−ヒスチジン2亜鉛フィンガーDNA結合モチーフ、およびVPからの最小トランス活性化ドメインからなる。応答性プロモーターは、転写因子DNA結合ドメイン(DBD)によって認識されるDNA配列の6反復およびエンドスタチンをコードするDNAからなる。タモキシフェンの存在下、この転写因子は、最小プロモーターに連結された独特な標的拡散配列からの転写を活性化する。インビトロで留守フェラーゼレポーターで評価するとき、タモキシフェンは、250倍まで発現を誘導する。このシステムを、2つのgutlessアデノウイルスベクターに取りこませ、これらはすべてのウイルスコード領域を欠く。1のベクターは転写因子をコードし、および第2はエンドスタチンをコードする核酸の転写を駆動する標的プロモーターをコードする。該2ベクターをマウスに注射し、これは効率的肝臓形質導入という結果となる。タモキシフェンの、マウスヘの投与は、エンドスタチンの誘導可能発現という結果となり、20μg.mlまでの極度に高い血漿レベルをもたらす。タモキシフェン誘導は、2ヶ月期間にわたり4回達成する。タモキシフェンの不存在下、エンドスタチンのバックグラウンドレベルを観察する。
Claims (8)
- 配列番号1に示すアミノ酸配列を有するポリペプチドである機能的に活性なエンドスタチンを作動可能にコードし、かつ発現するレンチウイルスベクターを有効成分とする、眼球血管新生に罹患した個体の脈絡膜血管新生の割合を改善または低下させる医薬であって、該個体に眼内注射または眼内投与することにより使用される、医薬。
- レンチウイルスベクター中のエンドスタチンコード核酸が配列番号2に示す配列を含む、請求項1の医薬。
- 眼球血管新生が黄斑変性症によって引き起こされている、請求項1の医薬。
- 網膜下投与のための、請求項1の医薬。
- 硝子体内投与のための、請求項1の医薬。
- レンチウイルスベクターがウシ免疫不全ウイルスベクターである、請求項1の医薬。
- 網膜下投与のための、請求項6の医薬。
- 硝子体内投与のための、請求項6の医薬。
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2002
- 2002-02-21 EP EP02706374A patent/EP1401480B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-02-21 JP JP2002567337A patent/JP4689144B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-02-21 WO PCT/US2002/005336 patent/WO2002067971A2/en active Application Filing
- 2002-02-21 US US10/080,797 patent/US20020183253A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2002-02-21 AU AU2002240463A patent/AU2002240463A1/en not_active Abandoned
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2010
- 2010-05-23 US US12/785,461 patent/US8338384B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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US9238057B2 (en) | 2016-01-19 |
AU2002240463A1 (en) | 2002-09-12 |
WO2002067971A3 (en) | 2003-12-31 |
US8338384B2 (en) | 2012-12-25 |
EP1401480B1 (en) | 2012-11-28 |
US20100286253A1 (en) | 2010-11-11 |
US20020183253A1 (en) | 2002-12-05 |
JP2004527494A (ja) | 2004-09-09 |
WO2002067971A2 (en) | 2002-09-06 |
US20130165503A1 (en) | 2013-06-27 |
EP1401480A2 (en) | 2004-03-31 |
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