JP4678751B2 - Solidification method of grinding or polishing waste - Google Patents

Description

  This invention relates to grinding or polishing debris using aqueous or oil-based coolant such as inner and outer rings and rolling elements of rolling bearings, cutting tools, etc., as well as fine cutting or polishing caused by honing of engines such as aluminum castings and polishing of crankshafts, etc. The present invention relates to a method for solidifying scraps, a solidified briquette, and a solidifying device.

  For grinding and polishing of bearing steel and high-speed tool steel, rough grinding provides an average particle size of approximately 100 μm, intermediate finish grinding provides an average particle size of approximately 50 μm, finish grinding provides a particle size of approximately 25 μm, and polishing finish provides a particle size of 1 to 5 μm. Waste and polishing waste (hereinafter referred to as grinding waste etc.) are generated. Also, honing of the cylinder bore of the engine and superfinishing of the crankshaft (film wrap finishing), etc., generate polishing dust of several μm. Many of these grinding or polishing processes are performed while supplying an aqueous or oily coolant, and grinding scraps are discharged as sludge together with the coolant. In patent document 1, most of the oil is removed from the stainless steel plate grinding scraps containing grinding oil by static separation or centrifugal separation, etc., and about 30% oil sludge is inserted into the cylinder and compressed with a piston. The oil is discharged from the gap between the cylinder and the piston to form a steel ingot having an apparent specific gravity of 3 to 4, and further calcined to eliminate the oil and solidify.

  However, in this product, the squeezing force (compression force) is about 50 MPa, and the solidified product after squeezing is not necessarily strong, and is expected to be damaged by dropping. According to the study by the present inventors, solidification is possible with the use of water-based coolant, etc., but in the case of oil-based, the viscosity is higher than that of water, and grinding waste is discharged from the cylinder gap together with the coolant. It is thought that it was not necessarily solidified enough.

  Further, in Patent Document 2, the pressure and compression speed can be controlled, and after pre-pressing the concentrated sludge obtained by filtering the oil-containing coolant-containing grinding sludge, the grinding debris and the like put into the cylinder is compressed with a compression piston. An example in which a predetermined pressure is maintained for a certain time or the position and pressure are changed in stages is disclosed. Further, this example discloses an example in which the compressive force of grinding scraps of about φ80 mm is increased stepwise to 40 to 400 MPa or the pressing speed is operated at a speed of about 4 to 7 cm / sec. Moreover, in patent document 3, the example of pre-pressing with a primary press and solidifying with a secondary press is described.

On the other hand, as means for obtaining concentrated sludge before sludge pressing, there are a filtration method in which diatomaceous earth is used as a filter medium and a diatomaceous earth precoat layer is formed on the outer surface of the filter in addition to the various methods described above. Furthermore, in the thing of the patent document 4 which one of the present applicants applied, it is made to filter using the cellulose fiber manufactured from a pulp instead of diatomaceous earth. Grinding scraps containing diatomaceous earth and cellulose fibers are not solidified and are discarded as industrial waste. Further, as a combination of cylinders, for example, in Patent Document 5, a so-called kicker cylinder system generally used in a press device or the like is used. This one uses a sub-hydraulic cylinder to feed at a high speed to shorten the cycle time.
Japanese Patent Publication No. 52-35003 JP 2001-315000 A Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2001-300786 JP 2001-062215 A Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 9-256078, FIG.

  However, in Patent Document 2, because of the viscosity of the oil-based coolant, in order to control the compression piston during solidification, the pressure is gradually increased, held, and delicate control is required. The electric motor and the ball screw There was a problem that high-precision control using was necessary. In addition, the oil-based coolant is 5 cSt even if the viscosity is low, and 46 cSt if it is high, and it is difficult to solidify even if it is compressed at room temperature, and in order to increase the efficiency of solidification, It was also necessary to provide a heating means to lower the viscosity to the level of an aqueous coolant. Moreover, although there is no description about the particle size of concrete grinding scrap etc., the particle size by grinding / polishing of bearings and the like is an average of several tens μm to 100 μm. It is not described up to a few μm.

  Further, in Patent Document 3, the primary press and the secondary press are separate cylinders, and when the pre-pressed product is sent to the secondary press, it is not yet solidified, and the grinding waste is sent to the secondary press. When it is done, it falls apart. For this reason, although the amount of contained coolant can be adjusted, there is a problem that solidification of the grinding waste is hindered because a large amount of air is present and the connection between the grinding wastes is weak and easily moves and deforms. Moreover, there is no specific example about solidification of the grinding waste containing a cellulose fiber like the patent document 4. FIG. Further, even in the case of aqueous coolant, solidification could not be achieved in the case of 1-5 μm grinding scraps generated by superfinishing of the crankshaft as in the case of oil-based coolant. Further, in the kicker cylinder method as in Patent Document 5, it is difficult to solidify minute grinding scraps or polishing scraps that require such delicate control.

  Therefore, the inventors of the present invention disclosed in Japanese Patent Application No. 2003-343941 (unpublished, priority application of Japanese Patent Application No. 2003-119548) cutting or polishing scraps having an aqueous or oily coolant content of 10% or more and 60% or less. In the cylinder, and the feed speed at the time of sealing and after sealing of the piston made slidable with a small clearance from the cylinder inner diameter is set to 1 mm / sec or more and 5 mm / sec or less. The present invention provides a grinding or polishing solidification method in which abrasive scrap containing coolant is discharged from at least the minute gap to solidify grinding or polishing waste. In addition, although there is no problem with the aqueous coolant, in the case of the oil-based coolant, a binder such as cellulose fiber is further required when the average particle size of the grinding or polishing scrap is 5 μm or less. Therefore, the aqueous or oily coolant content of cutting or polishing scrap is 10% or more and 30% or less, and the average particle size of grinding or polishing scrap is 1 μm or more and 5 μm or less. For example, the cellulose fiber described in Patent Document 4 is used. A method for solidifying grinding or polishing waste is provided. However, the cellulose fiber is an impurity in recycling, and there is a problem that it is expensive.

In view of the above problems, an object of the present invention is to provide a method for solidifying grinding or polishing waste that does not require delicate control and can be controlled even by general hydraulic drive. Another object of the present invention is to provide an aqueous or oil-based coolant-containing grinding or polishing waste solidification method in which the particle size is several μm, such as honing and superfinishing, without using a binder such as cellulose.

  The inventors repeated various experiments. As a result, when considering the change in pressure when solidification is started from the state where the contained coolant is squeezed out, it is fed at a low pressure as much as possible until it reaches the predetermined coolant content immediately before solidification, and the grinding scraps are solidified to some extent. After reaching a predetermined coolant content, it was found that solidification is possible by raising the applied pressure to a pressure necessary for solidification. And it turned out that the pressure range (in grinding scrap etc.) greatly exceeds the range of about 10 times of 40-400 MPa like the cited reference 2, and the range of about 20-30 times is required. Such a wide range of pressure control is possible with a servo motor or the like, but it is expensive and difficult to use in a poor environment for handling grinding scraps. On the other hand, this range has a small control range only by controlling one hydraulic cylinder, and lacks applicability.

Therefore, in the present invention, cutting or polishing waste containing aqueous or oil-based coolant is introduced into the cylinder from the introduction hole provided in the cylinder, the holding lid that closes the introduction hole, the cylinder inner diameter and the minute gap The cylinder is sealed with a piston made slidable with the air, and further, the air in the cylinder and the coolant containing grinding or polishing waste are discharged from at least the minute gap by pushing the piston into the cylinder. In addition, the outer diameter is φ50 to φ80, the thickness is 0.7 times or more and 0.9 times or less the outer diameter of the short cylindrical shape of the grinding or polishing scraps solidifying method, The piston has a main hydraulic cylinder and a sub-section in which a cross-sectional area of the hydraulic cylinder for pushing the piston into the cylinder is smaller than that of the main hydraulic cylinder. A first step in which a hydraulic cylinder is attached, and the coolant content of the grinding or polishing debris in the cylinder is reduced by the pushing force of only the sub hydraulic cylinder; and at least the pushing force of the main hydraulic cylinder A second step of solidifying grinding or polishing scraps , wherein the first step sets a feed rate of the piston from 1 mm / sec to 5 mm / sec from the time of sealing the cylinder, and After reducing the coolant content of the grinding or polishing waste in the cylinder with a low thrust of 14.7 to 49 kN (1.5 to 5 tons), the thrust of the piston is further reduced to 882 in the second step. and ~1176kN (90~120 tons), the grinding or solidification of grinding or polishing debris solidifying abrasive debris in the cylinder It has solved the above problems by providing a law.

That is, here, in the present invention, the pressure range (range) is increased by driving a piston that compresses grinding waste or the like in combination with a main hydraulic cylinder and a sub hydraulic cylinder smaller than the main hydraulic cylinder. did. Furthermore, the coolant content of the grinding or polishing waste in the cylinder was reduced by the pushing force of only the sub hydraulic cylinder capable of low pressure control, and this was set as the first step. When the pressure reaches a predetermined pressure, the content of the coolant that can be solidified and the structure becomes solid to a certain extent, so the grinding or polishing waste in the cylinder is solidified by the pushing force of the main hydraulic cylinder. be able to. This was the second step. In solidification, the main hydraulic cylinder is pushed in, but the pushing force of the sub hydraulic cylinder may be applied. Thereby, the pressurization control range, such as grinding waste, can be enlarged, and reduction of coolant content, such as grinding waste, and solidification can be performed efficiently. As a result, it has become a solidification method for grinding or polishing scraps that does not require delicate control and can be controlled even by general hydraulic drive. Further, solidified grinding scraps (hereinafter referred to as briquettes) have a poor outer diameter clearance between the piston and the cylinder when the outer diameter of the briquette is less than 50 mm, so that the discharge efficiency of the oil-based coolant is poor, and the surface pressure exceeds 80 mm. Insufficient solidification. In addition, although it was about 60 mm conventionally, sufficient surface pressure can be ensured by this invention and solidification of 80 mm is possible. Moreover, if the length is less than 0.7 times the outer diameter, it is difficult to handle as a briquette. On the other hand, if it exceeds 0.9 times, compression becomes difficult, but breakage easily occurs. Therefore, the briquette length is preferably 0.7 times or more and 0.9 times or less of the outer diameter. Therefore, a short cylindrical shape having an outer diameter of φ50 to φ80 and a thickness of 0.7 times or more and 0.9 times or less of the outer diameter after the grinding or solidification of the grinding scraps is formed. The thrust for pushing the piston of the sub hydraulic cylinder into the cylinder is 14.7 to 49 kN (1.5 to 5 tons), and the thrust for pushing the piston of the main cylinder into the cylinder is 882 to 1176 kN. (90 to 120 tons). This makes it possible to provide briquettes that are easy to handle and are less likely to break during transportation and transportation. Further, in Patent Document 2, the briquette has an outer diameter of about 80 mm and a surface pressure of 360 to 400 MPa. According to thrust conversion, the output is about 1764 to 1960 kN (180 to 200 tons). On the other hand, according to the present invention, the pushing force is 1176 kN (120 tons), and a desired briquette can be obtained with a smaller thrust. Solidification of grinding waste containing water-based or oil-based coolant is facilitated. On the other hand, in the case where the average particle size is several μm, in the experiments by the present inventors, cellulose as a binder is required even if the piston speed is simply decreased. However, in the first step of reducing the coolant content of the present invention, the present inventors added a low thrust condition of 14.7 to 49 kN (1.5 to 5 tons), and further increased the piston speed to 1 mm / sec. It was found that solidification is possible without a binder by setting the speed to 5 mm / sec or less. When the compression speed is high, the coolant is discharged together with the grinding scraps without being separated before the grinding scraps are hardened. In addition, air is contained in the cylinder, and the amount and position of the cylinder are uneven, and the air is compressed and expands rapidly when leaking from gaps such as grinding dust and the gap between the cylinder and piston. It is considered that coolant and grinding scraps are ejected or ejected together. The piston speed is very low, approximately 1/10 of several cm / sec described in Patent Document 2, and the jet of coolant such as grinding scraps and air becomes small. In this case, if it is less than 1 mm / sec, it takes too much time, and if it is 5 mm / sec or more, grinding scraps and the like are ejected together with the coolant and air and solidification becomes difficult. More preferably, the range of 2 mm / sec or more and 3 mm / sec or less is stable even if the conditions such as the coolant content and the amount of air change. In addition, even if the speed at the moment when the piston is sealed in the cylinder is large, the ejection of air becomes intense. Therefore, it is important to limit the speed from when the piston is sealed. Further, the speed before the piston is sealed and the return speed are not particularly limited. What is necessary is just to feed at a rapid feed, decelerate before sealing, and make it a predetermined speed at the time of cylinder sealing. Thereby, it is possible to solidify aqueous or oil-based coolant-containing grinding or polishing scraps having an average particle diameter of 1 μm to 5 μm without using a binder such as cellulose.

  In Patent Document 3, as described above, even after the primary press, a large amount of air is present, and since the connection between the grinding debris is weak and easily moved and deformed, the grinding debris in the secondary press is reduced. Solidification is prevented. On the other hand, in the case of the present invention, since the first step and the second step corresponding to the primary press and the secondary press in Patent Document 3 are continuously performed in one cylinder, there is little air interposition, I think that it can be easily solidified because grinding scraps are stuck to some extent.

  If the content of the aqueous or oil-based coolant before compression is 10% or less, the grinding scraps cannot be fixed to each other and cannot be solidified, and piston bounce or galling occurs. Further, if it exceeds 60%, grinding scraps are dispersed in the coolant and cannot be solidified, so the coolant content is preferably 10% or more and 60% or less, more preferably around 50%. The piston speed in the first step can be solidified at about 5 to 15 mm / sec with grinding scraps containing an aqueous coolant and having an average particle size of about 100 μm.

Furthermore, in the invention according to claim 2, by setting the feed speed of the sub hydraulic cylinder in the first step to 1 mm / sec or more and 5 mm / sec or less, the average particle diameter of the grinding scraps or polishing scraps is 1 μm. Above 5 μm, it is possible to solidify coolant-containing grinding scraps having an average particle size of several μm.

  Moreover, it is good for the content coolant before solidification to make a coolant content rate 10% or more and 30% or less. Therefore, in the invention according to claim 3, the solid of grinding or polishing scraps in which the aqueous or oily coolant content of the cutting or polishing scraps before the second step is 10% or more and 30% or less after the first step. It was made into the conversion method. When the content of the oil-based coolant is 10% or less, the grinding scraps cannot be fixed to each other and cannot be solidified, and piston bounce or galling occurs. If it exceeds 30%, fine grinding scraps are dispersed in the coolant and cannot be solidified, so the coolant content is set to 10% or more and 30% or less. More preferably, it is 10% or more and 25% or less so that solidification can be achieved stably.

  According to the experiment, the thrust of the piston in the first step was 19.6 to 49 kN (2 to 5 tons), and the thrust in the second step during solidification was about 980 kN (100 tons). About 20 to 50 times as much thrust is required. If the pressure is controlled by a single hydraulic cylinder, for example, if the pressure in the first step is 7 MPa, the pressure in the second step is 140 to 350 MPa, which cannot be realized. On the other hand, in the hydraulic device, a pressure of about 14 MPa to 35 MPa is used, and in the two-pressure control, a high pressure and a low pressure of about 2-3 times are set. Moreover, since it will affect the lifetime, intensity | strength, etc. of the whole apparatus when oil pressure is made high, 14 MPa-21 MPa are preferable. The cylinder diameter should be small. Therefore, in the invention according to claim 4, the cross-sectional area for the main hydraulic cylinder to push the piston into the cylinder is 10 to 15 times the cross-sectional area for the sub-hydraulic cylinder to push the piston into the cylinder. Is preferred. For example, when the set oil pressure in the second process is twice the set oil pressure in the first process, the thrust is 20 to 30 times. Also, the set pressure can be lowered and the thrust ratio can be increased.

  One main hydraulic cylinder and one sub hydraulic cylinder may be provided, but it is preferable that two sub hydraulic cylinders are equally arranged around one main hydraulic cylinder from the viewpoint of balance. Therefore, in the invention of claim 5, the number of the main hydraulic cylinder is one, and the number of the sub hydraulic cylinders is two. This structure is similar to the kicker cylinder system as shown in Patent Document 5 described above, but the one in Patent Document 5 uses a sub-hydraulic cylinder to feed at a high speed to increase the cycle time. On the other hand, in the present invention, the same function is performed at the time of return, but at the time of pushing by the sub hydraulic cylinder, the speed and pressure are controlled at low speed and low pressure, and the coolant contained in the grinding waste is squeezed out at low pressure to contain the coolant. It differs greatly in that it acts to reduce the amount to a content suitable for solidification. As a result, the coolant can be reduced and solidified stably.

Such a solidification method can be obtained by a configuration similar to the hydraulic press device described above. Specifically, the cutting or polishing debris of the water or oil-based coolant-containing, were charged into a cylinder, a cylinder inner diameter and air及of with a minute gap inside by Ri cylinder pushing the pistons slidably in the cylinder also discharged from minute gaps and reduce the content coolant fine grinding or polishing debris, a solidification apparatus of the grinding or polishing debris solidifying grinding or polishing debris, the piston pushes the main hydraulic cylinder, the piston in the cylinder sectional area of the hydraulic cylinder small rot sub hydraulic cylinder mounting et be from the main hydraulic cylinder for, push sub hydraulic cylinder piston cylinder, to lose weight the coolant content of grinding or polishing debris in the cylinder sub hydraulic in order to lose weight and pressure control valve for controlling the supply pressure, coolant content of grinding or polishing debris in the cylinder for A speed control valve for controlling the speed of the cylinder, when the supply pressure of the sub-hydraulic cylinder reaches a predetermined pressure to a predetermined, the piston to the main hydraulic cylinder solidifying grinding or polishing debris in the cylinder see containing and a switching valve which is adapted to supply the hydraulic pressure to the main hydraulic cylinder as Oshikomeru of cylinders, which is the piston through the main hydraulic cylinder及beauty sub hydraulic cylinder and out drivable cylinder hydraulic And a solidification device having a device.

  Pressure oil is supplied to the sub hydraulic cylinder, and the coolant is squeezed out with low thrust and low speed by the sub hydraulic cylinder to obtain a coolant content suitable for solidification. Furthermore, the structure is stabilized to some extent at a predetermined pressure to stabilize the structure. After confirming that the predetermined pressure has been reached, the switching valve supplies the hydraulic pressure to the main hydraulic cylinder, applies high thrust to the piston, and solidifies at once.

Also, the speed control valve is preferably set to the sub-hydraulic cylinder speed controllable below 1 mm / sec or more 5 mm / sec the speed control valve. Also, it was 10 to 15 times the cross-sectional area for the cross sectional area for the main hydraulic cylinder pushes the piston in the cylinder is sub-hydraulic cylinder pushes the piston in the cylinder. Furthermore, the main hydraulic cylinder Ri one der, sub hydraulic cylinders was set at two. The outer diameter after solidification of grinding or grinding debris Fai50～fai80, thickness Ri short cylindrical der of 0.7 times to 0.9 times the outer diameter, push the sub-hydraulic cylinder piston in a cylinder Grinding or polishing waste solidifying device having a maximum thrust of 147 to 490 kN (1.5 to 5 tons) and a maximum thrust for pushing the piston of the main cylinder into the cylinder of 882 to 1176 kN (90 to 120 tons) It was.

As described above, according to the present invention, the first step of reducing the coolant content in the sub hydraulic cylinder and the second step of solidifying in the main hydraulic cylinder are continuously performed in one cylinder for grinding. We provide a solidification method and device for grinding or polishing waste that can be controlled even by general hydraulic drive, because the pressure control range for waste, etc. is increased, and weight reduction and solidification are performed efficiently. It became something to do . Further, the outer diameter after grinding or grinding scrap is solidified is φ50 to φ80, the thickness is 0.7 times or more and 0.9 times or less of the outer diameter, and the maximum thrust in reducing the coolant content (first step) 14.7 to 49kN (1.5 to 5 tons), the maximum thrust at the time of solidification (second step) is 882 to 1176kN (90 to 120 tons), making briquettes difficult to break and easy to carry As a result, briquettes suitable for recycling that can be easily put into a melting furnace or the like can be provided. Furthermore, since a desired briquette can be obtained with less thrust than in the past, the apparatus and mechanical strength may be small, and the mechanical life can be extended.

In addition, the speed of the sub hydraulic cylinder in the first step is 1 mm / sec or more and 5 mm / sec or less, and solidification with an average particle diameter of 1 μm or more and 5 μm or less is possible without using a binder such as cellulose. Aqueous or oily coolant-containing grinding with a particle size of several μm, such as superfinishing, or solidification of polishing scraps is possible (Claim 2) . Furthermore, since the coolant content in the first step is 10% or more and 30% or less and stable solidification is possible, management is easy and continuous operation is also possible (Claim 3). Furthermore, the cross-sectional area of the main hydraulic cylinder is 10 to 15 times the cross-sectional area of the sub-hydraulic cylinder, the hydraulic pressure setting is lowered, and the thrust ratio between the main hydraulic cylinder and the sub-hydraulic cylinder is increased. The working pressure (14 to 21 MPa) and working flow rate (several tens of liters / min) of a small hydraulic device may suffice, the cost is low, and maintenance is easy ( claim 4) . In addition, since there are one main hydraulic cylinder and two sub hydraulic cylinders, the balance is good and manufacturing is easy, and a general kicker cylinder type can be used, and design and manufacture are also easy ( Claim 5 ).

Thus, more solid method of grinding or polishing debris of the invention, the solidification method of aqueous or oil-based coolant containing grinding or polishing debris described above can be carried out, aqueous several μm~ several hundred mu m or Oil-based coolant-containing grinding or polishing waste can be solidified, achieving recycling and preserving the environment.

  Embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 to FIG. 6 are schematic views and operation explanatory views of a cylinder and a piston showing an embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 7 is a hydraulic circuit diagram of a hydraulic apparatus used in the present invention. As shown in FIG. 1, a cylinder 1 having an inner diameter 2 of φ70 mm and open at both ends is provided. On the one side of the cylinder 1 is a main body (not shown) having a lid 11 which can be fitted with an outer diameter 12 of its tip 13 having a clearance of 0.1 mm (0.2 mm in diameter) on one side with the inner diameter 2 of the cylinder. It is fixed to. The edge 15 of the tip 13 of the lid 11 is provided with a discharge hole communicating with the inner diameter of the cylinder and the gap 14 formed (FIGS. 1 and 2). The cylinder 1 can be moved back and forth by a certain distance by two slide hydraulic cylinders 53 in the lid direction so that the tip 13 and the cylinder 1 can be separated from each other by a certain distance. In the upper part of the other side 4 of the cylinder 1, a charging hole 5 into which grinding or polishing waste (hereinafter referred to as grinding waste or the like) 30 is supplied from the outside is provided. A preliminary charging hole 6 is provided above the charging hole 5 of the cylinder 1, and a predetermined amount of preliminary compression or preliminary liquid removal from a hopper or the like (not shown) is performed in the preliminary charging hole, so that the oil-based coolant content is 10 to 60%. Alternatively, polishing scraps 30 are fed (arrow 34). A filling hydraulic cylinder 54 is provided above the preliminary charging hole 6 so that grinding or polishing waste 30 of the preliminary charging hole is sent from the charging hole to the inside of the cylinder 1. At the front end of the filling hydraulic cylinder 54, a restraining lid 8 that functions as a push-in function for grinding dust and the like and a lid for the charging hole 5 is attached. The piston 21 is movable in the cylinder 1 from the other opening 4a of the cylinder 1, and the gap 24 between the piston outer diameter 22 and the cylinder inner diameter 2 is 0.1 mm (one side). Such a device is one of general examples, and it goes without saying that various forms are possible without departing from the gist of the present invention.

In the present invention, in particular, the piston 21 is attached to the base 7, and the rod 51 a of one main hydraulic cylinder 51 and the rods 52 a of two sub hydraulic cylinders 52 are attached to the base. The piston 21 is driven by operating the main and sub hydraulic cylinders by a hydraulic device 50 shown in FIG. The main hydraulic cylinder 51 has an inner diameter φ250 mm, a rod diameter φ200 mm, and a cross-sectional area (cap side cross-sectional area) for pushing the piston 21 of 490.8 cm ² . The sub-hydraulic cylinder 52 has an inner diameter of 50 mm and a rod diameter of 25 mm, has a cross-sectional area for pushing the piston 21 (cap-side cross-sectional area) of 19.6 cm ² × 2, and the cap-side cross-sectional area of the main hydraulic cylinder is sub-hydraulic. The cross-sectional area of the cylinder cap is about 12.5 times.

  In the embodiment of the present invention, a hydraulic device 50 as shown in the hydraulic circuit diagram of FIG. 7 is used. As shown in FIG. 7, the hydraulic fluid in the hydraulic tank 55 is sucked and high pressure can be discharged, the variable discharge pump 56 having a maximum discharge pressure of 7 MPa and a flow rate of 20 Lit / min, and a piston having a maximum discharge pressure of 21 MPa and a flow rate of 14 Lit / min. A pump 57 is provided. The discharge line 56a of the variable pump 56 is connected to the slide hydraulic cylinder 53 via an electromagnetic switching valve 58 and a flow rate adjusting valve 59, and to the filling hydraulic cylinder 54 via an electromagnetic switching valve 60, a pilot check valve 61, and a flow rate adjusting valve 61, respectively. Has been.

  When SOL2 of the electromagnetic switching valve 58 is turned on, the rod of the slide hydraulic cylinder 53 contracts and moves (forwards) the cylinder 1 toward the lid 11, and when SOL3 is turned on, the rod of the slide hydraulic cylinder extends and the cylinder 1 is covered with the lid 11. Move away (retreat). When SOL4 of the electromagnetic switching valve 60 is turned ON, the rod of the filling hydraulic cylinder 54 is contracted and the filling hydraulic cylinder is raised, and when SOL5 is turned ON, the rod extends and feeds grinding or polishing scraps, further suppresses the introduction hole 5 and the lid 8 So that the grinding dust or the like does not return when the piston 21 is inserted into the cylinder.

  An electromagnetic proportional relief valve 63 whose discharge pressure can be adjusted from 0.7 to 21 MPa by an electric signal is attached to the discharge line 57a of the piston pump 57, and the passage flow rate can be adjusted by an electric signal. A proportional flow rate adjustment valve 64 is attached so that the discharge pressure and flow rate from the piston pump can be adjusted. The discharge-side line 64 a of the electromagnetic proportional flow rate adjustment valve 64 is connected to the sub hydraulic cylinder 52 via a pressure reducing valve 65 and an electromagnetic switching valve 66. A pressure switch 68 and a pilot check valve 67 are provided on the cap side 52c. Further, the discharge side line 64 a of the electromagnetic proportional flow rate adjustment valve 64 is connected to the cap side 51 c of the main hydraulic cylinder 51 via the electromagnetic switching valve 69. A pressure switch 70, a pressure relief pressure control valve 71, and a prefill valve 72 are connected to the cap side of the main hydraulic cylinder 51. The prefill valve 72 is configured so that hydraulic hydraulic oil can be sucked into the main hydraulic cylinder 51 from the surge tank 55a. A pilot line 72 a for opening the prefill valve 72 is connected to the rod side line 52 r of the sub hydraulic cylinder 52.

  Further, the variable pump discharge line 56 a and the piston pump discharge line 57 a are connected via an electromagnetic switching valve 73. The set pressure of the pressure switch 68 on the cap side of the sub hydraulic cylinder 52 can be adjusted to at least 7 to 14 MPa. When a predetermined pressure is reached, the SOL8 of the electromagnetic switching valve 69 is turned ON, and the hydraulic pressure is applied to the head side of the main hydraulic cylinder 52. Can be supplied. The set pressure of the pressure switch 70 on the cap side of the main hydraulic cylinder 52 can be adjusted to at least 14 to 21 MPa, and when the pressure reaches a predetermined pressure, a completion signal indicating that solidification has been completed can be output. . When SOL6 of the electromagnetic switching valve 66 is turned ON, the rod of the sub hydraulic cylinder 52 is extended and the piston 21 is advanced. At this time, the hydraulic oil is self-primed from the surge tank 55a into the main hydraulic cylinder 51 through the prefill valve 72. When SOL7 of the electromagnetic switching valve 66 is turned ON, the rod of the sub hydraulic cylinder 52 is contracted, and the piston 21 is retracted. At this time, the prefill valve 72 is opened by the pressure of the pilot line 72a, and the hydraulic oil of the main hydraulic cylinder is discharged to the surge tank 55a. When SOL8 of the electromagnetic switching valve 69 is turned ON, high pressure oil is supplied to the main hydraulic cylinder 51.

  The pressure reducing valve 65 is set to 14 MPa so that an excessive pressure exceeding 14 MPa is not applied to the sub hydraulic cylinder. Further, the pump life is ensured by using a variable pressure pump of 21 MPa specification on the low pressure side, a maximum operating pressure of 7 MPa, a fixed piston pump of 35 MPa specification on the high pressure side, and a maximum operating pressure of 21 MPa. Further, in order to prevent the sub hydraulic cylinder 52 from popping out, the electromagnetic proportional flow rate adjustment valve 64 is metered in. However, since the selection of the pressure reducing valve, the pump, the illustrated check valve, the throttle, and the like are technologies that are used in general hydraulic circuits or technologies that are not directly related to the present invention itself, they will be described. Is omitted. Moreover, the hydraulic circuit shown in FIG. 7 shows an example, and it goes without saying that various hydraulic circuits can be applied without departing from the gist of the present invention.

  The operation of the present invention is as follows. A description will be given with reference to FIGS. 1 to 6 together with the hydraulic circuit of FIG. As shown in FIG. 1, the cylinder 1 is positioned at the opposite end to the lid 11 in the original position, and the piston 21 is positioned to close a part of the insertion hole 5. The rod tip 8 of the filling hydraulic cylinder 54 is at the upper end, and a predetermined amount of grinding or polishing waste 30 is introduced into the preliminary charging hole 6, and a part thereof falls into the cylinder 1. Needless to say, there are various forms such as closing the insertion hole 5 with the piston 21. In the state shown in FIG. 1, with the piston 21 remaining in its original position, the SOL2 of the electromagnetic switching valve 58 is turned ON to advance the slide hydraulic cylinder 53 (with the rod retracted), and as shown in FIG. To the lid 11 side (arrow 35). At this time, grinding scraps and the like 30 fall into the cylinder 1 from the charging hole 5 and from the preliminary charging hole 6. Further, SOL5 of the electromagnetic switching valve 60 is turned ON, and as shown in FIG. 3, the filling hydraulic cylinder 54 is lowered, and the grinding waste 30 or the like is pushed into the cylinder 1 by the holding lid 8 (arrow 36). The electromagnetic switching valve 60 is neutralized at a predetermined position, and the pilot check valve 61 holds the position.

  Next, SOL6 of the electromagnetic switching valve 66 is turned on to supply pressure oil to the sub hydraulic cylinder 52, the rod is extended, and the piston 21 is moved to the lid 11 side (arrow 37) as shown in FIG. Etc. 30 is pushed toward the lid 11 side of the cylinder 1 and the grinding waste 30 is compressed, and the coolant and air are discharged from the gap 15 between the cylinder 1 and the tip 13 of the lid 11 and the gap 24 between the cylinder 1 and the piston 21 ( Arrow 31). At this time, hydraulic oil is supplied to the main hydraulic cylinder 51 from the surge tank 55a through the prefill valve, but no thrust is generated. Further, the electromagnetic proportional flow rate adjusting valve 64 is set so that the moving speed of the sub hydraulic cylinder, that is, the piston 21 is 1 to 15 mm / sec. The set pressure of the electromagnetic proportional relief valve 63 is 14 MPa, and the set pressure of the pressure switch 68 is 13 MPa lower than the set pressure of the electromagnetic proportional relief valve 63. In this case, the output of the piston 21 is about 49.9 kN (≈5.1 tons). In practice, the resistance of the main hydraulic cylinder is subtracted. Further, the pressure on the cap side 52c during the movement of the sub hydraulic cylinder is about 6 MPa, and the output gradually increases from about 22.5 kN (≈2.3 tons) to the set pressure of the pressure switch 68. As a result, coolant such as grinding scraps is squeezed out at low speed and low output, and the coolant content such as grinding scraps is preferably reduced to 10 to 30%, more preferably 15 to 20%, and the grinding scraps are brought into close contact with each other. Try to harden to some extent.

  When the supply pressure to the sub hydraulic cylinder 52 exceeds the set pressure of the pressure switch 68, solidification as the second step is started. The electromagnetic switching valve 66 returns to neutral, and the SOL9 of the pressure release pressure control valve 71 and the SOL8 of the electromagnetic switching valve 69 are turned ON, the electromagnetic proportional flow rate adjustment valve 64 is maximized, and the set pressure of the electromagnetic proportional relief valve 63 is set. Is 21 MPa, and all the high-pressure oil of the piston pump 57 is supplied to the cap side of the main hydraulic cylinder 51, and as shown in FIG. The maximum output of the piston 21 is about 1010 kN (≈103 tons). Thereby, coolant content, such as a grinding scrap preferable for solidification, and a certain amount of closely contacted grinding scrap are solidified in a short cylindrical shape by the first step. At this time, the SOL1 of the electromagnetic switching valve 73 is turned ON, and the pressure oil of the variable piston 56 can be merged to shorten the solidification time.

  When solidification is completed, the pressure switch 70 set to 20 MPa lower than the set pressure of the electromagnetic proportional relief valve 63 is activated, the electromagnetic switching valve 69 is spring-returned, the pressure release valve SOL29 is turned OFF, and pressure release is performed. . After the pressure release, as shown in FIG. 6, the position of the piston 21 that has been solidified is left as it is, the SOL3 of the electromagnetic switching valve 58 is turned on, the slide hydraulic cylinder 53 is retracted, and the cylinder 1 is separated from the lid 11. When returned to the original position (arrow 39), the solidified briquette 32 is pushed by the tip 23 of the piston 21 and falls downward between the lid and the cylinder (arrow 40). Next, SOL7 of the electromagnetic switching valve 66 is turned on, pressure oil is supplied to the rod side of the sub hydraulic cylinder 52 and moved backward, and the piston 21 is moved in the direction opposite to the lid 11 (arrow 41). At this time, the prefill valve is opened by the pressure oil from the pilot line 72a, and the hydraulic oil in the main hydraulic cylinder 51 is returned to the surge tank 55a. Subsequently, SOL4 of the electromagnetic switching valve 60 is turned on, the filling hydraulic cylinder 54 is raised, and the restraining lid 8 is returned to the original position (arrow 42). By repeating this operation, the grinding or polishing waste 30 is solidified and formed as a briquette 32.

  In such an apparatus of the present invention, various coolant-containing grindings or solidification of polishing scraps were experimented by changing the feed rate in the first step under the same pressure setting and the like. First, the aqueous coolant-containing polishing powder having an average particle size of 100 μm was solidified. As a result, solidification was possible when the feed rate in the first step was a maximum of 14.4 mm / min.

  Moreover, it experimented in the environment of about 10 degreeC-20 degreeC about the grinding | polishing or grinding | polishing waste with an average particle diameter of 25-100 micrometers containing an oily coolant with a viscosity of 46 cSt (40 degreeC). As a result, the solidification state was the best when the compression speed in the first step was 2 to 3 mm / sec. Further, when the compression speed was 10 mm / sec, the outflow was so strong that solidification could not be achieved. In the case of an oil-based coolant, it is preferable to reduce the feed rate in the first step as compared with an aqueous coolant.

  Further, grinding or polishing scraps having an average particle diameter of 1 to 5 μm containing an oil-based coolant having a viscosity of 46 cSt (40 ° C.) generated by honing polishing of high-speed tool steel were tested under the same conditions. As a result, solidification was possible in a range of 1 to 5 mm / sec in the compression rate in the first step without using a binder such as cellulose. In particular, the solidification state was the best in the case of 2-3 mm / sec. Also, solidification was possible in the case of grinding or polishing scraps having a particle diameter of 1 to 5 μm containing an aqueous coolant. In the case of water-based coolant and oil-based coolant, when the average particle size of grinding scraps is 1 to 5 μm, the compression rate in the primary process is the most solid in the case of approximately 2 to 3 mm / sec. The conversion situation was good. The solidification conditions are greatly affected by the size of the grinding or polishing scrap particles before being introduced into the cylinder and the coolant content. On the other hand, the particle size, content, and the like of the supplied grinding scraps vary depending on various conditions such as the type and size of the grinding process, at the start and end of grinding, or at the start and end of solidification. Therefore, it is preferable to stir with a stirrer before the addition and make it as uniform as possible.

  As described above, according to the solidification method and apparatus for grinding or polishing waste of the present invention, solidification of grinding waste containing an aqueous or oily coolant having an average particle diameter of 1 to 150 μm is not used, and a binder such as cellulose is not used. Moreover, it can solidify reliably. Therefore, expensive equipment such as a servo motor is not used and control is simple, and aqueous or oil-based coolant-containing grinding or polishing waste can be easily solidified. Moreover, since it can be easily solidified even at room temperature, ancillary equipment such as a heating device is unnecessary, and energy loss is small. In addition, the solid, substantially cylindrical grinding scraps or polishing scraps were not generated like diatomaceous earth even if they were put in the blast furnace, making melting management in the blast furnace easy and suitable for recycling. In particular, since honing and crankshaft polishing scraps that have been discarded as industrial waste until now, very fine scraps with an average particle size of 1 μm or more and 5 μm or less are provided as grinding scraps or abrasive scrap briquettes. Recycled resources were provided. Furthermore, there is no need for cellulose or the like and no waste of resources.

It is a schematic diagram which shows embodiment of this invention, and is a schematic diagram which shows the state of an original position. It is a schematic diagram which shows embodiment of this invention, and is a schematic diagram which shows a cylinder setting process. It is a schematic diagram which shows embodiment of this invention, and is a schematic diagram which shows a grinding or grinding | polishing waste throwing process. It is a schematic diagram which shows embodiment of this invention, and is a schematic diagram which shows the 1st process of reducing the content of the aqueous | water-based or oil-based coolant of grinding or polishing waste with the pushing force of only a sub hydraulic cylinder. It is a schematic diagram which shows embodiment of this invention, and is a schematic diagram which shows the 2nd process of solidifying grinding or polishing waste. It is a schematic diagram which shows embodiment of this invention, and is a schematic diagram which shows a briquette discharge | emission process. 1 is a hydraulic circuit diagram of a hydraulic apparatus showing an embodiment of the present invention.

Explanation of symbols

1 Cylinder 2 Cylinder inner diameter
5 Input hole
8 Suppression lids 14 and 24 Small gap 21 Piston 30 Cutting or polishing waste containing water-based or oil-based coolant 32 Grinding or polishing waste briquette 50 Hydraulic device 51 Main hydraulic cylinder
52 Sub hydraulic cylinder

Claims (5)

Cutting or polishing waste containing water-based or oil-based coolant is introduced into the cylinder from the insertion hole provided in the cylinder, and the holding lid that closes the insertion hole and the cylinder inner diameter and a small gap are made slidable. The cylinder is sealed with a piston , and further, the piston and the piston are pushed into the cylinder, whereby the air in the cylinder and the coolant containing grinding or polishing waste are discharged from at least the minute gap, and the outer diameter is φ50 to φ80. A method of solidifying grinding or polishing debris having a short cylindrical shape with a thickness of 0.7 to 0.9 times the outer diameter , wherein the piston is a main hydraulic cylinder. A sub-hydraulic cylinder in which a cross-sectional area of the hydraulic cylinder for pushing the piston into the cylinder is made smaller than that of the main hydraulic cylinder is attached. A first step of reducing the coolant content of the grinding or polishing debris in the cylinder by the pushing force of only the sub hydraulic cylinder, and at least the grinding or polishing debris in the cylinder by the pushing force of the main hydraulic cylinder And the second step of solidifying , wherein the first step sets the feed rate of the piston from 1 mm / sec to 5 mm / sec from when the cylinder is sealed, and the thrust of the piston is 14.7. After reducing the coolant content of the grinding or polishing debris in the cylinder with a low thrust of ~ 49 kN (1.5 to 5 tons), the piston thrust is further reduced to 882 to 1176 kN (90 ~ 120 tons), and solidifying the grinding or polishing waste in the cylinder. 2. The method for solidifying grinding or polishing waste according to claim 1, wherein an average particle size of the grinding waste or polishing waste is 1 μm or more and 5 μm or less. The grinding or polishing according to claim 1 or 2, wherein an aqueous or oil-based coolant content of the cutting or polishing scrap before the second step after the first step is 10% or more and 30% or less. Solidification method of waste. 2. The cross sectional area for the main hydraulic cylinder to push the piston into the cylinder is 10 to 15 times the cross sectional area for the sub hydraulic cylinder to push the piston into the cylinder. The grinding or the solidification method of grinding | polishing waste as described in any one of thru | or 3. 5. The grinding or polishing waste solidification method according to claim 1, wherein the number of the main hydraulic cylinder is one and the number of the sub hydraulic cylinders is two.

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