JP4660888B2 - Fuel cell power generation system and operation method thereof - Google Patents

Fuel cell power generation system and operation method thereof Download PDF

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JP4660888B2
JP4660888B2 JP2000185355A JP2000185355A JP4660888B2 JP 4660888 B2 JP4660888 B2 JP 4660888B2 JP 2000185355 A JP2000185355 A JP 2000185355A JP 2000185355 A JP2000185355 A JP 2000185355A JP 4660888 B2 JP4660888 B2 JP 4660888B2
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water
fuel cell
storage tank
power generation
hot water
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JP2002008689A (en
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好輝 三角
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Kurita Water Industries Ltd
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Priority to EP01401611A priority patent/EP1168476B1/en
Priority to AT01401611T priority patent/ATE429043T1/en
Priority to EP08101770A priority patent/EP1968145A1/en
Priority to DE60138338T priority patent/DE60138338D1/en
Priority to ES01401611T priority patent/ES2325978T3/en
Priority to US09/885,672 priority patent/US6787255B2/en
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells

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Description

【０００１】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、天然ガス等の燃料を水蒸気改質して水素ガスを含む燃料ガスを生成させ、この燃料ガスを空気中の酸素等の酸化性ガスと電気化学的に反応させて発電を行う燃料電池を用いた発電システムおよびその運転方法に関する。
【０００２】
【従来の技術】
一般に、燃料電池発電システムでは、燃料電池における発電効率を高く維持するために、燃料電池内の温度を調整する冷却水が用いられる。冷却水は、通常、予め脱塩などの処理が施されて使用される。
図５は、従来の燃料電池発電システムを示すもので、この燃料電池発電システムは、燃料電池１と、燃料電池１の冷却水となる給水を貯留する給水貯留槽２と、給水貯留槽２の給水を浄化処理して冷却水として燃料電池１に供給する水処理系３と、燃料電池１の排熱を利用して水を加温する排熱回収熱交換器４と、熱交換器４を用いて得られた温水を貯留する温水貯留槽５と、給水貯留槽２に補給水を供給する補給水供給経路４１とを備えている。
【０００３】
燃料電池１は、燃料電池１から排出される排ガス中の水蒸気を凝縮水として回収する排ガス凝縮水回収熱交換器１７を備えている。
水処理系３は、イオン交換式脱塩処理装置等の水処理装置１９と、送液ポンプＰ１とを備えている。
温水貯留槽５は、槽内の温水を熱利用設備（図示略）に供給することができるように構成されている。
【０００４】
上記燃料電池発電システムにおいては、燃料電池１において、天然ガス等の燃料を水蒸気改質して水素ガスを含む燃料ガスを生成させ、この燃料ガスを空気中の酸素等の酸化性ガスと電気化学的に反応させて発電を行うとともに、排ガス凝縮水回収熱交換器１７において、排ガス中の水蒸気を冷却して凝縮させて回収し、給水貯留槽２に貯留する。また給水貯留槽２内には、必要に応じて市水などの補給水を補給水供給経路４１を通して供給する。
給水貯留槽２内には、市水などの補給水等に由来するイオン（炭酸イオン、金属イオン等）や固形物等の不純物が混入するため、給水貯留槽２内の給水は、水処理系３の水処理装置１９によって不純物を除去した後に、冷却水として燃料電池１に供給する。これによって冷却水循環経路におけるスケール発生等を防ぐことができる。
【０００５】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
しかしながら、上記燃料電池発電システムでは、水処理装置１９に与えられる負荷が大きいため水処理装置１９として複雑かつ大型のものを使用する必要があり、設備コストが高騰する問題があった。またイオン交換式脱塩装置を使用する場合等には再生処理コストなどの運転コストが嵩むという問題があった。
本発明は上記事情に鑑みてなされたもので、設備コストおよび運転コストの削減が可能となる燃料電池発電システムおよびその運転方法を提供することを目的としている。
【０００６】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明の燃料電池発電システムは、冷却水循環系を有する燃料電池と、この燃料電池の冷却水となる給水を貯留する給水貯留槽と、この給水貯留槽の給水を処理して冷却水として燃料電池に供給する水処理系と、水を加温する加温手段と、この加温手段により得られた温水を貯留する温水貯留槽と、温水貯留槽内の温水からの水蒸気を凝縮させた凝縮水を給水貯留槽に供給する凝縮水供給系を備えていることを特徴とする。
加温手段は、燃料電池において発電時に生成する熱を利用して水を加温できるように構成することができる。
凝縮水供給系は、温水貯留槽内の温水からの水蒸気を凝縮させて回収する凝縮水回収熱交換器と、この熱交換器において回収された凝縮水を給水貯留槽に供給する凝縮水供給経路を備え、凝縮水回収熱交換器が、温水貯留槽内の温水からの水蒸気を、温水貯留槽への補給水により冷却して凝縮させることができるようにされた構成とすることができる。
また温水貯留槽内に、槽内を複数の槽内空間に区画する隔壁が設けられ、この隔壁が、加温手段で加温された温水が前記槽内空間のうち１つに導入され、かつこの槽内空間内の温水からの水蒸気が凝縮水供給系に供給される構成を採用することができる。
また本発明では、上記燃料電池発電システムを運転するにあたり、温水貯留槽内の温水からの水蒸気を凝縮させた凝縮水を給水貯留槽に供給する運転方法を採ることができる。
【０００７】
【発明の実施の形態】
図１および図２は、本発明の燃料電池発電システムの第１の実施形態を示すもので、ここに示す燃料電池発電システムは、燃料電池１と、燃料電池１の冷却水となる給水を貯留する給水貯留槽２と、給水貯留槽２の給水を浄化処理して冷却水として燃料電池１に供給する水処理系３と、燃料電池１の排熱を利用して水を加温する加温手段である排熱回収熱交換器４と、熱交換器４を用いて得られた温水を貯留する温水貯留槽５と、温水貯留槽５内の温水からの水蒸気を凝縮させた凝縮水を給水貯留槽２に供給する凝縮水供給系６を備えている。
【０００８】
図２に示すように、燃料電池１は、燃料電池本体１１と、燃料を水蒸気改質する改質器１２と、燃料電池本体１１を冷却する冷却水を循環させる冷却水循環経路１３と、改質器１２で利用される水蒸気の供給源となる水蒸気分離器１４と、冷却水を冷却する熱交換器１５と、この熱交換器１５において冷却水と熱交換する系内水の循環経路１６と、燃料電池１から排出される排ガス中の水蒸気を凝縮させて回収する排ガス凝縮水回収熱交換器１７とを主な構成要素とする。
【０００９】
燃料電池本体１１は、燃料極２１と空気極２２とが電解質２３を挟むように電極板２４、２５を介して配置されて構成されている。
水蒸気分離器１４は、冷却水循環経路１３に設けられ、冷却水から水蒸気を分離することができるようになっている。
改質器１２は、燃料供給経路２６から供給された燃料を、水蒸気分離器１４から水蒸気供給経路２７を通して供給された水蒸気によって改質し、水素を含む燃料ガスを生成させることができるようになっている。
【００１０】
排ガス凝縮水回収熱交換器１７は、系内水循環経路１６に設けられており、改質器１２および空気極２２から排出経路２８、２９を通して排出された排ガス中の水蒸気を、系内水により冷却して凝縮させて回収することができるようになっている。
【００１１】
図１に示すように、水処理系３は、水処理装置１９と、送液ポンプＰ１を備えている。
水処理装置１９としては、イオンや固形物などの不純物を除去する処理装置を用いることができ、イオン交換樹脂を用いたイオン交換式脱塩処理装置、逆浸透膜を用いた膜分離式脱塩装置、限外ろ過膜を用いた膜分離装置等が使用可能である。
【００１２】
図１および図２に示すように、排熱回収熱交換器４は、系内水循環経路１６に設けられており、温水貯留槽５から温水循環経路３０の供給経路３０ａを通して供給された水を、系内水によって加温することができるようになっている。
【００１３】
温水貯留槽５は、槽内の温水を熱利用設備（図示略）に供給することができるようになっている。
図１に示すように、温水貯留槽５には、温水貯留槽５内に補給水を供給する補給水供給経路３６が接続されており、熱利用設備（図示略）への温水供給によって温水貯留槽５内の水量が不足した場合に、温水貯留槽５内に補給水を供給することができるようになっている。
【００１４】
本実施形態の燃料電池発電システムにおいて、凝縮水供給系６は、温水貯留槽５内の温水からの水蒸気を凝縮させて回収する温水凝縮水回収熱交換器７と、熱交換器７において回収された凝縮水を給水貯留槽２に供給する凝縮水供給経路８とを備えている。
温水凝縮水回収熱交換器７は、温水貯留槽５に補給水を供給する補給水供給経路３６に設けられており、貯留槽５上部の導出経路３７を通して導出される温水貯留槽５内ガス中の水蒸気を、補給水供給経路３６を流れる補給水により冷却して凝縮させ、凝縮水として回収することができるようになっている。
【００１５】
以下、上記燃料電池発電システムの使用方法について説明する。
図２に示すように、この燃料電池発電システムにおいては、脱硫された天然ガス、ナフサ等の燃料を、燃料供給経路２６を通して改質器１２に供給し、この燃料を、水蒸気分離器１４から水蒸気供給経路２７を通して供給された水蒸気によって改質し、水素を含む燃料ガスを生成させる。
この燃料ガスを、燃料ガス供給経路３１を通して一酸化炭素変成器等（図示略）を経て燃料電池本体１１の燃料極２１に供給するとともに、空気などの酸化性ガスを、酸化性ガス供給経路３２を通して空気極２２に供給し、これら燃料ガスと酸化性ガスとを電気化学的に反応させ、発電を行う。
【００１６】
改質器１２からの燃料系排ガスは、排出経路２８を通して排ガス凝縮水回収熱交換器１７を経由して系外に排出される。また空気極２２からの酸化系排ガスは、排出経路２９を通して排出経路２８内の燃料系排ガスに合流し、凝縮水回収熱交換器１７を経て系外に排出される。
【００１７】
冷却水循環経路１３では、冷却水が循環することによって、燃料電池本体１１が予め設定された温度を維持するように冷却され、この際、冷却水は加温されて高温となり水蒸気分離器１４に導入される。
水蒸気分離器１４では、冷却水から水蒸気が分離され、その一部が水蒸気供給経路２７を通して改質器１２に供給される。
水蒸気分離器１４を経た冷却水は、熱交換器１５において、系内水循環経路１６を流れる系内水と熱交換して冷却された後、再び燃料電池本体１１へ導入され、以後、この循環過程が繰り返される。
【００１８】
系内水循環経路１６を流れる系内水は、熱交換器１５において冷却水を冷却するとともに、排ガス凝縮水回収熱交換器１７において、排出経路２８中の燃料系および酸化系の排ガスを冷却し、排ガス中の水蒸気を凝縮させる。
排ガス凝縮水回収熱交換器１７において回収された凝縮水は、凝縮水回収経路３３を通して給水貯留槽２に送られる。
【００１９】
熱交換器１５、１７において加温された系内水は、排熱回収熱交換器４において、送液ポンプＰ２により供給経路３０ａから供給された水を加温する。加温された温水は、返送経路３０ｂを通して温水貯留槽５に送られる。
このように、排熱回収熱交換器４においては、燃料電池本体１１で発電時に生成する熱（排熱）で高温となった冷却水により加温された系内水との熱交換により水の加温が行われる。
【００２０】
また、熱利用設備（図示略）への温水供給によって温水貯留槽５内の水量が不足した場合には、補給水供給経路３６を通して温水貯留槽５内に市水などの補給水を供給する。
【００２１】
冷却水循環経路１３を流れる冷却水は、その一部が水蒸気分離器１４において水蒸気として分離され、経路２７を通して冷却水循環経路１３から導出されるため、これにより不足した冷却水を補給する必要がある。
このため、給水貯留槽２内の給水を、送液ポンプＰ１によって水処理装置１９に導入して不純物を除去し、得られた処理水を冷却水補給経路３５を通して冷却水として冷却水循環経路１３に供給する。
【００２２】
本実施形態の燃料電池発電システムでは、冷却水の補給を行うことによって給水貯留槽２内の水量が減少した際に、凝縮水供給系６を用いて次のようにして給水貯留槽２内への水の補給を行う。
温水貯留槽５内の水は温水であるため、温水貯留槽５内の気相における水蒸気圧は高く、導出経路３７を通して導出される温水貯留槽５内ガスは、多量の水蒸気を含むものとなる。
この水蒸気含有ガスが導出経路３７を通して温水凝縮水回収熱交換器７に導入されると、ガス中の水蒸気は、補給水供給経路３６を流れる補給水（市水など）に冷却され凝縮する。
【００２３】
この凝縮水を、凝縮水供給経路８を通して補給水として給水貯留槽２に供給する。この凝縮水は、イオンなどの不純物濃度が低い蒸留水であるため、給水貯留槽２内への不純物混入量が最小限に抑えられ、給水貯留槽２内の不純物濃度が低くなり、水処理装置１９に与えられる脱塩処理等の負荷が軽減される。
従って、水処理装置１９の処理能力を低く設定することができ、水処理系３に要する設備コストを削減し、しかもイオン交換樹脂の再生処理コストなどの運転コストを低く抑えることができる。
また水処理装置１９の処理能力を低く設定することができることから、装置を小型化し、その設置スペースを小さくすることができる。
【００２４】
また排熱回収熱交換器４は、燃料電池１において発電時に生成する熱を排熱として利用して水を加温できるように構成されているので、排熱を有効に利用して温水を得ることができ、エネルギー効率の向上が可能となる。
【００２５】
また、凝縮水供給系６の温水凝縮水回収熱交換器７が、温水貯留槽５内ガス中の水蒸気を、補給水供給経路３６を流れる補給水により冷却して凝縮させることができるように構成されているので、凝縮水供給系６において水蒸気を凝縮させるにあたって、別途冷却媒体を使用する必要がなくなり、運転コストをいっそう低く抑えることができる。
【００２６】
図３は、本発明の燃料電池発電システムの第２の実施形態を示すもので、ここに示す燃料電池発電システムでは、温水貯留槽５に、槽内を２つの槽内空間である上部および下部空間５ａ、５ｂに区画する隔壁２０が設けられている。
【００２７】
隔壁２０は、上部空間５ａ内の温水の温度を高く維持し、温水凝縮水回収熱交換器７に導入される水蒸気量を高めるためのもので、上部空間５ａと下部空間５ｂとの間の温水の流通を可能とする流通口２０ａを有する。
この流通口２０ａの内径は、下部空間５ｂ内の水が上部空間５ａ内に流入するのを制限することができるように設定される。
隔壁２０は、ステンレス鋼などの金属や、ポリ塩化ビニルなどの合成樹脂からなるものとすることができる。特に、断熱性能に優れた合成樹脂を用いるのが好ましい。
【００２８】
温水循環経路４０の供給経路４０ａおよび返送経路４０ｂは、それぞれ温水貯留槽５の下部および上部に接続されており、排熱回収熱交換器４によって加温された水が返送経路４０ｂを通して上部空間５ａに導入された後、流通口２０ａを通って下部空間５ｂに流れ、下部空間５ｂから供給経路４０ａに流れるようにされている。
温水貯留槽５の下部には、下部空間５ｂ内に補給水を供給する補給水供給経路３８が接続されており、熱利用設備（図示略）への温水供給によって温水貯留槽５内の水量が不足した場合に、下部空間５ｂ内に補給水を供給することができるようになっている。
【００２９】
この燃料電池発電システムでは、排熱回収熱交換器４で加温され返送経路４０ｂを通して温水貯留槽５に返送された高温の温水が、隔壁２０より上部の上部空間５ａ内に導入される。
上部空間５ａに導入された高温の温水が蒸発した水蒸気は導出経路３７を通して温水凝縮水回収熱交換器７に導入され、凝縮水となって凝縮水供給管路８を通して給水貯留槽２に供給される。
【００３０】
上部空間５ａ内の温水は、温水循環経路４０における循環流に従い、流通口２０ａを通過して下部空間５ｂに流入する。
温水貯留槽５内の温水は、外気により冷却されその温度が徐々に低下するため、温水貯留槽５内における温水循環流の下流側に相当する下部空間５ｂでは、上流側に相当する上部空間５ａに比べ温水の温度が低くなる。
比較的低温となった下部空間５ｂ内の温水は供給経路４０ａを通して排熱回収熱交換器４に供給される。
【００３１】
本実施形態の燃料電池発電システムでは、上記第１の実施形態の燃料電池発電システムと同様に、水処理系３に供給される給水中の不純物濃度を低くし、水処理系３に与えられる負荷を軽減し、装置の小型化を図ることができ、設備コストおよび運転コストを低く抑えることができる。
さらに、本実施形態の燃料電池発電システムでは、温水貯留槽５内を上部および下部空間５ａ、５ｂに区画する隔壁２０を設けることによって、上部空間５ａ内の温水の温度を高く維持し、上部空間５ａ内の気相における水蒸気圧を高くし、温水凝縮水回収熱交換器７に導入されるガス中の水蒸気含有量を高め、熱交換器７における凝縮水の回収効率を向上させることができる。
よって、不純物濃度が低い蒸留水である凝縮水の給水貯留槽２への供給量を高め、給水貯留槽２内の不純物濃度を低くし、水処理装置１９に与えられる脱塩処理等の負荷を軽減することができる。
従って、水処理装置１９の処理能力を低く設定することができ、いっそうの設備コストおよび運転コストの削減を図ることができる。
【００３２】
なお、上記実施形態の燃料電池発電システムでは、加温手段として、燃料電池１の排熱を利用する排熱回収熱交換器４を設けたが、本発明の燃料電池発電システムでは、熱利用設備に供給するべき水を加温する加温手段は、燃料電池１の排熱を利用するものに限定されない。
例えば、図４に示すように、排熱回収熱交換器４に代えて、温水貯留槽５に、槽内の水を加温するヒータ５１を設けることもできる。
【００３３】
また上記実施形態の燃料電池発電システムでは、排ガス凝縮水回収熱交換器１７で回収された給水を冷却水として利用し得る構成を示したが、本発明の燃料電池発電システムはこれに限らず、排ガス中の水蒸気の回収を行わず、市水などの補給水を専ら給水として利用する構成とすることも可能である。
また、本発明の燃料電池発電システムでは、水処理系に供給される供給水中の不純物濃度を低く維持することができるため、水処理系を省いた構成とすることができる。
また、本発明では、冷却水循環経路を、冷却水が燃料電池本体１１、水蒸気分離器１４を経て凝縮水回収経路３３を通して給水貯留槽２に導入されるように構成することもできる。
【００３４】
【発明の効果】
以上説明したように、本発明の燃料電池発電システムは、温水貯留槽内の温水からの水蒸気を凝縮させた凝縮水を給水貯留槽に供給する凝縮水供給系を備えているので、イオンや固形物等の不純物の濃度が低い蒸留水である凝縮水を補給水として給水貯留槽に供給することができ、水処理系に与えられる脱塩処理等の負荷を軽減することができる。
従って、水処理系の処理能力を低く設定することができ、設備コストおよび運転コストを低く抑えることができる。
【００３５】
また加温手段を、燃料電池において発電時に生成する熱を利用して水を加温できるように構成することによって、燃料電池で生成する排熱を有効に利用して温水を得ることができ、エネルギー効率の向上が可能となる。
【００３６】
また凝縮水供給系を、温水からの水蒸気を凝縮させて回収する凝縮水回収熱交換器と、回収された凝縮水を給水貯留槽に供給する凝縮水供給経路を備え、凝縮水回収熱交換器が、温水からの水蒸気を、温水貯留槽への補給水により冷却して凝縮させることができるように構成することによって、凝縮水供給系において水蒸気を凝縮させるにあたって、別途冷却媒体を使用する必要がなくなり、運転コストをいっそう低く抑えることができる。
【００３７】
また温水貯留槽内に、槽内を複数の槽内空間に区画する隔壁が設けられ、この隔壁が、加温手段で加温された温水が前記槽内空間のうち１つに導入され、かつこの槽内空間内の温水からの水蒸気が凝縮水供給系に供給される構成を採用することによって、凝縮水供給系に水蒸気が供給される槽内空間内の温水の温度を高く維持し、この槽内空間内の気相における水蒸気圧を高くし、凝縮水供給系に導入されるガス中の水蒸気含有量を高め、凝縮水の回収効率を向上させることができる。
従って、不純物濃度が低い凝縮水の給水貯留槽への供給量を多くし、水処理系に与えられる脱塩処理等の負荷を軽減し、いっそうの設備コストおよび運転コスト削減を図ることができる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図１】 本発明の燃料電池発電システムの第１の実施形態を示す構成図である。
【図２】 図１に示す燃料電池発電システムの燃料電池を示す構成図である。
【図３】 本発明の燃料電池発電システムの第２の実施形態を示す構成図である。
【図４】 本発明の燃料電池発電システムの第３の実施形態を示す構成図である。
【図５】 従来の燃料電池発電システムの一例を示す構成図である。
【符号の説明】
１・・・燃料電池、２・・・給水貯留槽、３・・・水処理系、４・・・排熱回収熱交換器（加温手段）、５・・・温水貯留槽、５ａ・・・上部空間（槽内空間）、５ｂ・・・下部空間（槽内空間）、６・・・凝縮水供給系、７・・・温水凝縮水回収熱交換器（凝縮水回収熱交換器）、８・・・凝縮水供給経路、１３・・・冷却水循環経路、２０・・・隔壁、５１・・・ヒータ（加温手段）[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention provides a fuel for generating power by steam-reforming a fuel such as natural gas to produce a fuel gas containing hydrogen gas and electrochemically reacting the fuel gas with an oxidizing gas such as oxygen in the air. The present invention relates to a power generation system using a battery and an operation method thereof.
[0002]
[Prior art]
In general, in a fuel cell power generation system, cooling water that adjusts the temperature in the fuel cell is used to maintain high power generation efficiency in the fuel cell. The cooling water is usually used after being subjected to a treatment such as desalting.
FIG. 5 shows a conventional fuel cell power generation system. This fuel cell power generation system includes a fuel cell 1, a feed water storage tank 2 for storing feed water as cooling water for the fuel cell 1, and a feed water storage tank 2. A water treatment system 3 that purifies the feed water and supplies it to the fuel cell 1 as cooling water, an exhaust heat recovery heat exchanger 4 that heats the water using the exhaust heat of the fuel cell 1, and a heat exchanger 4 The hot water storage tank 5 which stores the hot water obtained by using and the supplementary water supply path 41 which supplies supplementary water to the feed water storage tank 2 are provided.
[0003]
The fuel cell 1 includes an exhaust gas condensed water recovery heat exchanger 17 that recovers water vapor in the exhaust gas discharged from the fuel cell 1 as condensed water.
The water treatment system 3 includes a water treatment device 19 such as an ion exchange desalination treatment device and a liquid feed pump P1.
The hot water storage tank 5 is configured to supply hot water in the tank to heat utilization equipment (not shown).
[0004]
In the fuel cell power generation system, in the fuel cell 1, fuel such as natural gas is steam reformed to generate a fuel gas containing hydrogen gas, and this fuel gas is combined with an oxidizing gas such as oxygen in the air and electrochemically. The exhaust gas condensed water recovery heat exchanger 17 cools and condenses the water vapor in the exhaust gas, collects it, collects it, and stores it in the feed water storage tank 2. In addition, supply water such as city water is supplied into the supply water storage tank 2 through the supply water supply path 41 as necessary.
In the feed water storage tank 2, ions (carbonate ions, metal ions, etc.) derived from make-up water such as city water and impurities such as solids are mixed, so the feed water in the feed water storage tank 2 is a water treatment system. After the impurities are removed by the water treatment apparatus 19 of No. 3, the fuel cell 1 is supplied as cooling water. As a result, scale generation and the like in the cooling water circulation path can be prevented.
[0005]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, in the fuel cell power generation system, since the load applied to the water treatment device 19 is large, it is necessary to use a complicated and large-sized water treatment device 19 and there is a problem that the equipment cost increases. Moreover, when using an ion exchange type desalting apparatus, there existed a problem that operation costs, such as a regeneration processing cost, increased.
The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and an object of the present invention is to provide a fuel cell power generation system and an operation method thereof capable of reducing facility costs and operation costs.
[0006]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The fuel cell power generation system of the present invention includes a fuel cell having a cooling water circulation system, a feed water storage tank that stores feed water that serves as cooling water for the fuel cell, and a fuel cell that serves as cooling water by processing the feed water in the feed water storage tank A water treatment system for supplying water, a heating means for heating water, a hot water storage tank for storing hot water obtained by the heating means, and condensed water obtained by condensing water vapor from the hot water in the hot water storage tank Is provided with a condensed water supply system for supplying water to the feed water storage tank.
The heating means can be configured to heat water using heat generated during power generation in the fuel cell.
The condensed water supply system includes a condensed water recovery heat exchanger that condenses and recovers water vapor from the hot water in the hot water storage tank, and a condensed water supply path that supplies the condensed water recovered in the heat exchanger to the feed water storage tank. The condensate water recovery heat exchanger can be configured to be able to cool and condense the water vapor from the hot water in the hot water storage tank with the makeup water to the hot water storage tank.
In addition, a partition wall is provided in the hot water storage tank to partition the tank into a plurality of tank spaces, and the partition wall is introduced into one of the tank spaces by the warm water heated by the heating means, and It is possible to adopt a configuration in which water vapor from the hot water in the tank space is supplied to the condensed water supply system.
Moreover, in this invention, when driving | operating the said fuel cell power generation system, the driving | running method which supplies the condensed water which condensed the water vapor | steam from the warm water in a warm water storage tank to a feed water storage tank can be taken.
[0007]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
1 and 2 show a first embodiment of a fuel cell power generation system of the present invention. The fuel cell power generation system shown here stores a fuel cell 1 and water supply serving as cooling water for the fuel cell 1. A water supply storage tank 2 to be purified, a water treatment system 3 to purify the water supplied to the water supply storage tank 2 and supply it to the fuel cell 1 as cooling water, and heating to heat the water using the exhaust heat of the fuel cell 1 Waste heat recovery heat exchanger 4 that is means, hot water storage tank 5 that stores hot water obtained using the heat exchanger 4, and condensed water obtained by condensing water vapor from the hot water in the hot water storage tank 5 A condensed water supply system 6 for supplying the storage tank 2 is provided.
[0008]
As shown in FIG. 2, the fuel cell 1 includes a fuel cell main body 11, a reformer 12 for steam reforming the fuel, a cooling water circulation path 13 for circulating cooling water for cooling the fuel cell main body 11, and reforming. A steam separator 14 serving as a supply source of steam used in the vessel 12, a heat exchanger 15 that cools the cooling water, a circulation path 16 of the internal water that exchanges heat with the cooling water in the heat exchanger 15, An exhaust gas condensed water recovery heat exchanger 17 that condenses and recovers water vapor in the exhaust gas discharged from the fuel cell 1 is a main component.
[0009]
The fuel cell main body 11 is configured such that a fuel electrode 21 and an air electrode 22 are arranged via electrode plates 24 and 25 so as to sandwich an electrolyte 23.
The water vapor separator 14 is provided in the cooling water circulation path 13 and can separate water vapor from the cooling water.
The reformer 12 can reform the fuel supplied from the fuel supply path 26 with the steam supplied from the steam separator 14 through the steam supply path 27 to generate a fuel gas containing hydrogen. ing.
[0010]
The exhaust gas condensed water recovery heat exchanger 17 is provided in the in-system water circulation path 16 and cools the water vapor in the exhaust gas discharged from the reformer 12 and the air electrode 22 through the discharge paths 28 and 29 by the in-system water. It can be condensed and recovered.
[0011]
As shown in FIG. 1, the water treatment system 3 includes a water treatment device 19 and a liquid feed pump P1.
As the water treatment device 19, a treatment device that removes impurities such as ions and solids can be used. An ion exchange type desalination treatment device using an ion exchange resin and a membrane separation type desalination method using a reverse osmosis membrane. A device, a membrane separation device using an ultrafiltration membrane, or the like can be used.
[0012]
As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the exhaust heat recovery heat exchanger 4 is provided in the in-system water circulation path 16, and the water supplied from the hot water storage tank 5 through the supply path 30 a of the hot water circulation path 30 is It can be heated with water in the system.
[0013]
The hot water storage tank 5 can supply hot water in the tank to heat utilization equipment (not shown).
As shown in FIG. 1, the hot water storage tank 5 is connected to a supplementary water supply path 36 for supplying makeup water into the hot water storage tank 5, and the hot water is stored by supplying hot water to a heat utilization facility (not shown). When the amount of water in the tank 5 is insufficient, makeup water can be supplied into the hot water storage tank 5.
[0014]
In the fuel cell power generation system of the present embodiment, the condensate supply system 6 is recovered by the hot water condensate recovery heat exchanger 7 that condenses and recovers steam from the hot water in the hot water storage tank 5 and the heat exchanger 7. And a condensed water supply path 8 for supplying the condensed water to the feed water storage tank 2.
The hot water condensate recovery heat exchanger 7 is provided in a makeup water supply path 36 that supplies makeup water to the warm water storage tank 5, and is in the gas in the warm water storage tank 5 that is led out through a lead-out path 37 in the upper part of the storage tank 5. The water vapor is cooled and condensed by the make-up water flowing through the make-up water supply path 36, and can be recovered as condensed water.
[0015]
Hereinafter, a method of using the fuel cell power generation system will be described.
As shown in FIG. 2, in this fuel cell power generation system, fuel such as desulfurized natural gas and naphtha is supplied to the reformer 12 through the fuel supply path 26, and this fuel is supplied from the steam separator 14 to the steam. The fuel gas is reformed by the steam supplied through the supply path 27 to generate a fuel gas containing hydrogen.
This fuel gas is supplied to the fuel electrode 21 of the fuel cell main body 11 through a fuel gas supply path 31 via a carbon monoxide transformer or the like (not shown), and an oxidizing gas such as air is supplied to the oxidizing gas supply path 32. The fuel gas and the oxidizing gas are electrochemically reacted to generate electricity.
[0016]
The fuel system exhaust gas from the reformer 12 is discharged out of the system through the exhaust path 28 through the exhaust gas condensed water recovery heat exchanger 17. Further, the oxidizing exhaust gas from the air electrode 22 merges with the fuel exhaust gas in the discharge path 28 through the discharge path 29, and is discharged outside the system through the condensed water recovery heat exchanger 17.
[0017]
In the cooling water circulation path 13, the cooling water is circulated to cool the fuel cell main body 11 so as to maintain a preset temperature. At this time, the cooling water is heated to a high temperature and introduced into the water vapor separator 14. Is done.
In the steam separator 14, the steam is separated from the cooling water, and a part thereof is supplied to the reformer 12 through the steam supply path 27.
The cooling water having passed through the water vapor separator 14 is cooled by exchanging heat with the system water flowing through the system water circulation path 16 in the heat exchanger 15 and then introduced into the fuel cell main body 11 again. Is repeated.
[0018]
The in-system water flowing through the in-system water circulation path 16 cools the cooling water in the heat exchanger 15 and cools the fuel system and the oxidation system exhaust gas in the discharge path 28 in the exhaust gas condensed water recovery heat exchanger 17. Water vapor in the exhaust gas is condensed.
The condensed water recovered in the exhaust gas condensed water recovery heat exchanger 17 is sent to the feed water storage tank 2 through the condensed water recovery path 33.
[0019]
The in-system water heated in the heat exchangers 15 and 17 heats the water supplied from the supply path 30a by the liquid feed pump P2 in the exhaust heat recovery heat exchanger 4. The heated warm water is sent to the warm water storage tank 5 through the return path 30b.
As described above, in the exhaust heat recovery heat exchanger 4, water is exchanged by heat exchange with the system water heated by the cooling water heated to high temperature by heat (exhaust heat) generated during power generation in the fuel cell body 11. Heating is performed.
[0020]
Further, when the amount of water in the hot water storage tank 5 is insufficient due to the supply of hot water to a heat utilization facility (not shown), supply water such as city water is supplied into the hot water storage tank 5 through the supply water supply path 36.
[0021]
A part of the cooling water flowing through the cooling water circulation path 13 is separated as water vapor in the water vapor separator 14 and is led out from the cooling water circulation path 13 through the path 27, so that it is necessary to replenish the insufficient cooling water.
For this reason, the feed water in the feed water storage tank 2 is introduced into the water treatment device 19 by the liquid feed pump P1 to remove impurities, and the obtained treated water is supplied as cooling water to the cooling water circulation path 13 through the cooling water supply path 35. Supply.
[0022]
In the fuel cell power generation system of this embodiment, when the amount of water in the feed water storage tank 2 is reduced by replenishing cooling water, the condensed water supply system 6 is used to enter the feed water storage tank 2 as follows. Replenish water.
Since the water in the warm water storage tank 5 is warm water, the water vapor pressure in the gas phase in the warm water storage tank 5 is high, and the gas in the warm water storage tank 5 led out through the lead-out path 37 contains a large amount of steam. .
When the steam-containing gas is introduced into the hot water condensed water recovery heat exchanger 7 through the outlet path 37, the steam in the gas is cooled and condensed into makeup water (city water or the like) flowing through the makeup water supply path 36.
[0023]
This condensed water is supplied to the feed water storage tank 2 as makeup water through the condensed water supply path 8. Since this condensed water is distilled water having a low concentration of impurities such as ions, the amount of impurities mixed into the feed water storage tank 2 is minimized, the impurity concentration in the feed water storage tank 2 is reduced, and the water treatment device A load such as a desalting treatment given to 19 is reduced.
Therefore, the treatment capacity of the water treatment device 19 can be set low, the equipment cost required for the water treatment system 3 can be reduced, and the operation cost such as the regeneration treatment cost of the ion exchange resin can be kept low.
Further, since the treatment capacity of the water treatment device 19 can be set low, the device can be miniaturized and its installation space can be reduced.
[0024]
In addition, the exhaust heat recovery heat exchanger 4 is configured to be able to warm water by using heat generated during power generation in the fuel cell 1 as exhaust heat, so that hot water is obtained by effectively using exhaust heat. Energy efficiency can be improved.
[0025]
Further, the hot water condensed water recovery heat exchanger 7 of the condensed water supply system 6 is configured to be able to cool and condense the water vapor in the gas in the hot water storage tank 5 with the makeup water flowing through the makeup water supply path 36. Therefore, when condensing water vapor in the condensed water supply system 6, it is not necessary to use a separate cooling medium, and the operating cost can be further reduced.
[0026]
FIG. 3 shows a second embodiment of the fuel cell power generation system according to the present invention. In the fuel cell power generation system shown here, the hot water storage tank 5 is divided into two upper spaces, that is, two upper spaces. A partition wall 20 is provided that partitions the spaces 5a and 5b.
[0027]
The partition wall 20 is for maintaining a high temperature of the hot water in the upper space 5a and increasing the amount of water vapor introduced into the hot water condensate recovery heat exchanger 7, and the hot water between the upper space 5a and the lower space 5b. Has a distribution port 20a.
The inner diameter of the circulation port 20a is set so that water in the lower space 5b can be restricted from flowing into the upper space 5a.
The partition wall 20 can be made of a metal such as stainless steel or a synthetic resin such as polyvinyl chloride. In particular, it is preferable to use a synthetic resin having excellent heat insulation performance.
[0028]
The supply path 40a and the return path 40b of the hot water circulation path 40 are respectively connected to the lower part and the upper part of the hot water storage tank 5, and the water heated by the exhaust heat recovery heat exchanger 4 passes through the return path 40b to the upper space 5a. Then, it flows into the lower space 5b through the circulation port 20a and flows from the lower space 5b to the supply path 40a.
A makeup water supply path 38 for supplying makeup water into the lower space 5b is connected to the lower part of the warm water storage tank 5, and the amount of water in the warm water storage tank 5 is reduced by supplying warm water to a heat utilization facility (not shown). In the case of a shortage, makeup water can be supplied into the lower space 5b.
[0029]
In this fuel cell power generation system, hot hot water heated by the exhaust heat recovery heat exchanger 4 and returned to the hot water storage tank 5 through the return path 40 b is introduced into the upper space 5 a above the partition wall 20.
The water vapor obtained by evaporating the high-temperature hot water introduced into the upper space 5a is introduced into the hot water condensed water recovery heat exchanger 7 through the outlet path 37, and is supplied to the feed water storage tank 2 through the condensed water supply pipe 8 as condensed water. The
[0030]
The warm water in the upper space 5a follows the circulation flow in the warm water circulation path 40, passes through the circulation port 20a, and flows into the lower space 5b.
The hot water in the hot water storage tank 5 is cooled by the outside air and its temperature gradually decreases. Therefore, in the lower space 5b corresponding to the downstream side of the hot water circulation flow in the hot water storage tank 5, the upper space 5a corresponding to the upstream side. The temperature of hot water is lower than
The hot water in the lower space 5b that has become relatively low temperature is supplied to the exhaust heat recovery heat exchanger 4 through the supply path 40a.
[0031]
In the fuel cell power generation system of the present embodiment, the load applied to the water treatment system 3 by reducing the concentration of impurities in the feed water supplied to the water treatment system 3 as in the fuel cell power generation system of the first embodiment. Can be reduced, the apparatus can be miniaturized, and the equipment cost and operation cost can be kept low.
Furthermore, in the fuel cell power generation system of the present embodiment, by providing the partition wall 20 that divides the hot water storage tank 5 into upper and lower spaces 5a and 5b, the temperature of the hot water in the upper space 5a is maintained high, and the upper space The water vapor pressure in the gas phase in 5a can be increased, the water vapor content in the gas introduced into the hot water condensate recovery heat exchanger 7 can be increased, and the condensate recovery efficiency in the heat exchanger 7 can be improved.
Therefore, the supply amount of the condensed water, which is distilled water having a low impurity concentration, to the feed water storage tank 2 is increased, the impurity concentration in the feed water storage tank 2 is lowered, and the load such as the desalination treatment given to the water treatment device 19 is reduced. Can be reduced.
Therefore, the treatment capacity of the water treatment device 19 can be set low, and the equipment cost and operation cost can be further reduced.
[0032]
In the fuel cell power generation system of the above embodiment, the exhaust heat recovery heat exchanger 4 that uses the exhaust heat of the fuel cell 1 is provided as the heating means. However, in the fuel cell power generation system of the present invention, the heat utilization facility is provided. The heating means for heating the water to be supplied to the fuel cell is not limited to one that uses the exhaust heat of the fuel cell 1.
For example, as shown in FIG. 4, instead of the exhaust heat recovery heat exchanger 4, a heater 51 for heating the water in the tank can be provided in the hot water storage tank 5.
[0033]
In the fuel cell power generation system of the above embodiment, the configuration in which the feed water recovered by the exhaust gas condensate recovery heat exchanger 17 can be used as cooling water is shown, but the fuel cell power generation system of the present invention is not limited to this, It is also possible to employ a configuration in which makeup water such as city water is exclusively used as water supply without collecting water vapor in the exhaust gas.
Moreover, in the fuel cell power generation system of the present invention, since the impurity concentration in the supply water supplied to the water treatment system can be kept low, the water treatment system can be omitted.
In the present invention, the cooling water circulation path may be configured such that the cooling water is introduced into the feed water storage tank 2 through the fuel cell body 11 and the water vapor separator 14 and through the condensed water recovery path 33.
[0034]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, the fuel cell power generation system of the present invention includes a condensed water supply system that supplies condensed water obtained by condensing water vapor from hot water in the hot water storage tank to the feed water storage tank. Condensed water, which is distilled water having a low concentration of impurities such as substances, can be supplied to the feed water storage tank as make-up water, and the load such as desalting treatment applied to the water treatment system can be reduced.
Accordingly, the treatment capacity of the water treatment system can be set low, and the equipment cost and operation cost can be kept low.
[0035]
Further, by configuring the heating means so that water can be heated using heat generated during power generation in the fuel cell, warm water can be obtained by effectively using the exhaust heat generated in the fuel cell, Energy efficiency can be improved.
[0036]
The condensed water supply system includes a condensed water recovery heat exchanger that condenses and recovers steam from the hot water, and a condensed water supply path that supplies the recovered condensed water to the feed water storage tank. However, it is necessary to use a separate cooling medium when condensing the water vapor in the condensed water supply system by configuring so that the water vapor from the hot water can be cooled and condensed by the makeup water to the hot water storage tank. The operating cost can be further reduced.
[0037]
In addition, a partition wall is provided in the hot water storage tank to partition the tank into a plurality of tank spaces, and the partition wall is introduced into one of the tank spaces by the warm water heated by the heating means, and By adopting a configuration in which steam from the hot water in the tank space is supplied to the condensed water supply system, the temperature of the hot water in the tank space in which the steam is supplied to the condensed water supply system is maintained high. It is possible to increase the water vapor pressure in the gas phase in the tank space, increase the water vapor content in the gas introduced into the condensed water supply system, and improve the recovery efficiency of the condensed water.
Therefore, it is possible to increase the supply amount of the condensed water having a low impurity concentration to the feed water storage tank, reduce the load such as the desalination treatment given to the water treatment system, and further reduce the equipment cost and the operation cost.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram showing a first embodiment of a fuel cell power generation system of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a configuration diagram showing a fuel cell of the fuel cell power generation system shown in FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a configuration diagram showing a second embodiment of the fuel cell power generation system of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a configuration diagram showing a third embodiment of the fuel cell power generation system of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a configuration diagram showing an example of a conventional fuel cell power generation system.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Fuel cell, 2 ... Water supply storage tank, 3 ... Water treatment system, 4 ... Waste heat recovery heat exchanger (heating means), 5 ... Hot water storage tank, 5a ... -Upper space (space in the tank), 5b ... Lower space (space in the tank), 6 ... Condensate supply system, 7 ... Hot water condensate recovery heat exchanger (Condensate recovery heat exchanger), 8 ... Condensed water supply path, 13 ... Cooling water circulation path, 20 ... Partition, 51 ... Heater (heating means)

Claims (5)

冷却水循環系を有する燃料電池と、この燃料電池の冷却水となる給水を貯留する給水貯留槽と、この給水貯留槽の給水を処理して冷却水として燃料電池に供給する水処理系と、水を加温する加温手段と、この加温手段により得られた温水を貯留する温水貯留槽とを備えた燃料電池発電システムにおいて、
温水貯留槽内の温水からの水蒸気を凝縮させた凝縮水を給水貯留槽に供給する凝縮水供給系を備えていることを特徴とする燃料電池発電システム。A fuel cell having a coolant circulation system, a feed water storage tank for storing feed water that serves as cooling water for the fuel cell, a water treatment system for processing the feed water in the feed water storage tank and supplying it to the fuel cell as cooling water, In a fuel cell power generation system comprising a heating means for heating the water and a hot water storage tank for storing hot water obtained by the heating means,
A fuel cell power generation system comprising a condensed water supply system that supplies condensed water obtained by condensing water vapor from hot water in a hot water storage tank to a feed water storage tank. 加温手段は、燃料電池において発電時に生成する熱を利用して水を加温できるように構成されていることを特徴とする請求項１記載の燃料電池発電システム。The fuel cell power generation system according to claim 1, wherein the heating means is configured to be able to heat water using heat generated during power generation in the fuel cell. 凝縮水供給系は、温水貯留槽内の温水からの水蒸気を凝縮させて回収する凝縮水回収熱交換器と、この熱交換器において回収された凝縮水を給水貯留槽に供給する凝縮水供給経路を備え、
凝縮水回収熱交換器が、温水貯留槽内の温水からの水蒸気を、温水貯留槽への補給水により冷却して凝縮させることができるように構成されていることを特徴とする請求項１または２記載の燃料電池発電システム。The condensed water supply system includes a condensed water recovery heat exchanger that condenses and recovers water vapor from the hot water in the hot water storage tank, and a condensed water supply path that supplies the condensed water recovered in the heat exchanger to the feed water storage tank. With
The condensed water recovery heat exchanger is configured to be able to cool and condense the water vapor from the hot water in the hot water storage tank with the makeup water to the hot water storage tank. 3. The fuel cell power generation system according to 2. 温水貯留槽内に、槽内を複数の槽内空間に区画する隔壁が設けられ、
この隔壁は、加温手段で加温された温水が前記槽内空間のうち１つに導入され、かつこの槽内空間内の温水からの水蒸気が凝縮水供給系に供給されるように構成されていることを特徴とする請求項１〜３のうちいずれか１項記載の燃料電池発電システム。In the hot water storage tank, a partition that partitions the tank into a plurality of tank spaces is provided,
The partition wall is configured such that warm water heated by a heating means is introduced into one of the tank spaces, and water vapor from the warm water in the tank space is supplied to a condensed water supply system. The fuel cell power generation system according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein: 冷却水循環系を有する燃料電池と、この燃料電池の冷却水となる給水を貯留する給水貯留槽と、この給水貯留槽の給水を処理して冷却水として燃料電池に供給する水処理系と、水を加温する加温手段と、この加温手段により得られた温水を貯留する温水貯留槽とを備えた燃料電池発電システムを運転する方法であって、
温水貯留槽内の温水からの水蒸気を凝縮させた凝縮水を給水貯留槽に供給することを特徴とする燃料電池発電システムの運転方法。A fuel cell having a cooling water circulation system, a feed water storage tank for storing feed water serving as cooling water for the fuel cell, a water treatment system for processing the feed water in the feed water storage tank and supplying it to the fuel cell as cooling water, A method of operating a fuel cell power generation system comprising a heating means for warming and a warm water storage tank for storing warm water obtained by the warming means,
An operation method of a fuel cell power generation system, characterized in that condensed water obtained by condensing water vapor from hot water in a hot water storage tank is supplied to a water supply storage tank.
JP2000185355A 2000-06-20 2000-06-20 Fuel cell power generation system and operation method thereof Expired - Fee Related JP4660888B2 (en)

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JP2000185355A JP4660888B2 (en) 2000-06-20 2000-06-20 Fuel cell power generation system and operation method thereof
AT01401611T ATE429043T1 (en) 2000-06-20 2001-06-19 FUEL CELL POWER SUPPLY SYSTEM AND OPERATING METHOD
EP08101770A EP1968145A1 (en) 2000-06-20 2001-06-19 Fuel cell power generating system and operation method
DE60138338T DE60138338D1 (en) 2000-06-20 2001-06-19 Fuel cell power supply system and operating method
EP01401611A EP1168476B1 (en) 2000-06-20 2001-06-19 Fuel cell power generating system and operation method
ES01401611T ES2325978T3 (en) 2000-06-20 2001-06-19 FUEL CELL POWER GENERATION SYSTEM AND OPERATING METHOD.
US09/885,672 US6787255B2 (en) 2000-06-20 2001-06-20 Fuel cell power generating system and operation method

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