JP4652665B2 - 方法 - Google Patents
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- JP4652665B2 JP4652665B2 JP2002565586A JP2002565586A JP4652665B2 JP 4652665 B2 JP4652665 B2 JP 4652665B2 JP 2002565586 A JP2002565586 A JP 2002565586A JP 2002565586 A JP2002565586 A JP 2002565586A JP 4652665 B2 JP4652665 B2 JP 4652665B2
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- QJFHNYDPNSFJMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl 2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,9,9,10,10,10-nonadecafluorodecanoate Chemical compound COC(=O)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F QJFHNYDPNSFJMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MCVGSSHSKHYZGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl 2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,9,9,10,10,11,11,12,12,13,13,13-pentacosafluorotridecanoate Chemical compound COC(=O)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F MCVGSSHSKHYZGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DRRCLKOIEBNFIE-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl 2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,9,9,10,10,11,11,12,12,13,13,14,14,14-heptacosafluorotetradecanoate Chemical compound COC(=O)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F DRRCLKOIEBNFIE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QHUMNQRKSPEXJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl 2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,9,9,10,10,11,11,12,12,13,13,14,14,15,15,15-nonacosafluoropentadecanoate Chemical compound COC(=O)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F QHUMNQRKSPEXJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HFKIAPZSCAKSNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl 2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,9,9,10,10,11,11,12,12,13,13,14,14,15,15,16,16,16-hentriacontafluorohexadecanoate Chemical compound COC(=O)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F HFKIAPZSCAKSNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CFNCFMKWDPDIPT-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl 2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,9,9,9-heptadecafluorononanoate Chemical compound COC(=O)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F CFNCFMKWDPDIPT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OJURWUUOVGOHJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl 2-[(2-acetyloxyphenyl)methyl-[2-[(2-acetyloxyphenyl)methyl-(2-methoxy-2-oxoethyl)amino]ethyl]amino]acetate Chemical compound C=1C=CC=C(OC(C)=O)C=1CN(CC(=O)OC)CCN(CC(=O)OC)CC1=CC=CC=C1OC(C)=O OJURWUUOVGOHJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000302 molecular modelling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010172 mouse model Methods 0.000 description 1
- VMGAPWLDMVPYIA-HIDZBRGKSA-N n'-amino-n-iminomethanimidamide Chemical compound N\N=C\N=N VMGAPWLDMVPYIA-HIDZBRGKSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001624 naphthyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000011580 nude mouse model Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013116 obese mouse model Methods 0.000 description 1
- 231100000675 occupational exposure Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940049954 penicillin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- ZWBAMYVPMDSJGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N perfluoroheptanoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F ZWBAMYVPMDSJGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UZUFPBIDKMEQEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N perfluorononanoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F UZUFPBIDKMEQEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YFSUTJLHUFNCNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N perfluorooctane-1-sulfonic acid Chemical compound OS(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F YFSUTJLHUFNCNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SIDINRCMMRKXGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N perfluoroundecanoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F SIDINRCMMRKXGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 210000002824 peroxisome Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000003873 peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma antagonist Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008194 pharmaceutical composition Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- 150000003904 phospholipids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000001766 physiological effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000023603 positive regulation of transcription initiation, DNA-dependent Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229940002612 prodrug Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000000651 prodrug Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011321 prophylaxis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 150000003222 pyridines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000001698 pyrogenic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006340 racemization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002285 radioactive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- BOLDJAUMGUJJKM-LSDHHAIUSA-N renifolin D Natural products CC(=C)[C@@H]1Cc2c(O)c(O)ccc2[C@H]1CC(=O)c3ccc(O)cc3O BOLDJAUMGUJJKM-LSDHHAIUSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000004043 responsiveness Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003384 small molecules Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007480 spreading Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003892 spreading Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003431 steroids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229960005322 streptomycin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000005556 structure-activity relationship Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000004003 subcutaneous fat Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013268 sustained release Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012730 sustained-release form Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003419 tautomerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000007970 thio esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003573 thiols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000001988 toxicity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000419 toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002103 transcriptional effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003146 transient transfection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005751 tumor progression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 208000019553 vascular disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
Images
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Description
Z1−X−Z2
であり、但し、
Z1は−CO2Hもしくはその誘導体を表し、
Z2はF、H、−CO2Hもしくはその誘導体を表し、
Xはフッ化アルキレンを表し、
またはそれらの溶媒和化合物(solvate)である。
以下、かかる化合物を「本発明の化合物」と称することにする。
(i)エステル。例えば、式R1OH(但しR1はアリールまたはアルキルを表す)で表されるアルコールにより得られるもの。
(ii)チオエステル。例えば、式R1SH(但しR1は先に定められた通りである)で表されるチオールにより得られるもの。
(iii)塩。例えば、アンモニア、アルキルアミン、ジアルキルアミン、トリアルキルアミンもしくはピリジンなどの窒素含有塩基か、または、アルカリ土類金属(alkali or alkaline earth metal)の塩(Na、K、Cs、MgもしくはCaの塩)により得られるもの。
アルキレン基Xは、少なくとも50%フッ化され、
アルキレン基Xは、2乃至17つの炭素原子を含み、
Z1は、−CO2H、または、アンモニウム、または、−CO2Hもしくは−CO2R1の(C1-10アルキル)アンモニウム塩もしくはジ−(C1-10アルキル)アンモニウム塩もしくはトリ−(C1-10アルキル)アンモニウム塩を表し、
Z2は、F、H、−CO2Hまたは−CO2R1を表し、
R1は、C1-6アルキルを表す。
アルキレン基Xは、少なくとも75%フッ化され、
アルキレン基Xは、直鎖状であり、飽和となっており、かつ、4乃至14つの炭素原子を含み、
Z1は、−CO2H、または、アンモニウム、または、−CO2Hもしくは−CO2R1の(C1-6アルキル)アンモニウム塩もしくはジ−(C1-6アルキル)アンモニウム塩もしくはトリ−(C1-6アルキル)アンモニウム塩を表し、
Z2は、F、H、−CO2Hまたは−CO2R1を表し、
Z2は、F、−CO2Hまたは−CO2R1を表し、
R1は、直鎖状で、不置換の、かつ、飽和のC1-4アルキルを表す。
アルキレン基Xは、少なくとも75%フッ化され、
アルキレン基Xは、直鎖状であり、飽和となっており、かつ、6乃至12つの炭素原子を含み、
Z1は、−CO2H、または、−CO2Hもしくは−CO2R1のアンモニウム塩を表し、
R1は、直鎖状で、不置換の、かつ、飽和のC1-2アルキルを表す。
ペルフルオロヘプタン酸(perfluoroheptanoic acid)、ペルフルオロオクタン酸(perfluorooctanoic acid)、ペルフルオロノナン酸(perfluorononanoic acid)、ペルフルオロデカン酸(perfluorodecanoic acid)、ペルフルオロウンデカン酸(perfluoroundecanoic acid)、ペルフルオロドデカン酸(perfluorododecanoic acid)、ペルフルオロテトラデカン酸(perfluorotetradecanoic acid)、ペルフルオロヘキサデカン酸(perfluorohexadecanoic acid)、ペルフルオロオクタデカン酸(perfluorooctadecanoic acid)、
ペルフルオロコハク酸(perfluorosuccinic acid)、ペルフルオログルタル酸(perfluoroglutaric acid)、ペルフルオロアジピン酸(perfluoroadipic acid)、ペルフルオロスベリン酸(perfluorosuberic acid)、ペルフルオロアゼライン酸(perfluoroazelaic acid)、ペルフルオロセバシン酸(perfluorosebacic acid)、ペルフルオロ−1,10−デカンジカルボン酸(perfluoro-1,10-decanedicarboxylic acid)、
ペルフルオロヘプタン酸メチル(methyl perfluoroheptanoate)、ペルフルオロオクタン酸メチル(methyl perfluorooctanoate)、ペルフルオロノナン酸メチル(methyl perfluorononanoate)、ペルフルオロデカン酸メチル(methyl perfluorodecanoate)、ペルフルオロウンデカン酸メチル(methyl perfluoroundecanoate)、ペルフルオロドデカン酸メチル(methyl perfluorododecanoate)、ペルフルオロトリデカン酸メチル(methyl perfluorotridecanoate)、ペルフルオロテトラデカン酸メチル(methyl perfluorotetradecanoate)、ペルフルオロペンタデカン酸メチル(methyl perfluoropentadecanoate)、ペルフルオロヘキサデカン酸メチル(methyl perfluorohexadecanoate)、ペルフルオロオクタデカン酸メチル(methyl perfluorooctadecanoate)、
ペルフルオロコハク酸ジメチル(dimethyl perfluorosuccinate)、ペルフルオログルタル酸ジメチル(dimethyl perfluoroglutarate)、ペルフルオロアジピン酸ジメチル(dimethyl perfluoroadipate)、ペルフルオロスベリン酸ジメチル(dimethyl perfluorosuberate)、ペルフルオロアゼライン酸ジメチル(dimethyl perfluoroazelate)、ペルフルオロセバシン酸ジメチル(dimethyl perfluorosebacate)、ペルフルオロ−1,10−デカンジカルボン酸ジメチルエステル(perfluoro-1,10-decanedicarboxylic acid, dimethyl ester)、及び、ペルフルオロドデカン酸ジメチル(dimethyl perfluorododecanedioate)。
U63846 人間 COX-1 cDNA (PTSGI); HIa (1996) プロスタグランジン(Prostaglandins) 51, 81-85.
NM000963 人間 COX2 cDNA (PTSG2); HIa及びNeilson (1992) PNAS 89(16), 7384-7388; Jonesら (1993) J Biol Chem 268(12), 9049-9054; Applebyら (1994) Biochern J 302, 723-727; Kosakaら (1994) Eur J Biochem 221(3), 889-897.
AF306566 人間 ホスホリパーゼA2 (secreted form); Valentinら (2000) Biochem Biophys Res Commun 279(1), 223-228.
NM021628 人間 リポギナーゼ(lipogenase) ALOXE3.
XM005818 人間 リポキシゲナーゼ ALOXES.
XM008328 人間 リポキシゲナーゼ ALOX12.
NM001141 人間 リポキシゲナーゼ ALOX15; Brashら (1997) PNAS 94(12), 6148-6152.
NM005090 及び NM 003706 人間 ホスホリパーゼA2 (cPLA2-ガンマ) Underwoodら (1998) J Biol Chem 273(34), 21926-21932 及び Pickardら (1999) J Biol Chem 274(13), 8823-8831
M68874 人間 ホスホリパーゼA2 (cPLA2) Sharpら (1991) J Biol Chem 266(23), 14850-14853.
好ましくは、このような化合物は、スクリーニングで用いられるPPARポリペプチドについてのアゴニストもしくはアンタゴニストであり得、スクリーニングの目的は、転写因子活性や、核酸(例えばDNA)の結合活性などの活性分析でなく、盲検分析を用いた場合でも、PPARのアゴニストもしくはアンタゴニストとして働くような化合物を特定することにある。PPARポリペプチドに結合するとされる化合物の作用については、その化合物の存在下における転写因子活性もしくは核酸結合活性について分析を行うことにより、確認するのが好ましいであろう。
好ましくは、被験体は、PPAR(好ましくはPPARαまたはγ)の活性を増大させる必要がある被験体であり、化合物は、PPAR(例えばPPARαまたはγ)のアゴニストである。被験体及び化合物に関する更に好ましい例については、先に示した通りである。これとは選択的に、被験体は、脂質代謝もしくは脂質結合物質の活性を低減させる必要がある被験体であり、化合物は、当該の脂質代謝もしくは脂質結合物質(1つ乃至複数)についての阻害物質(インヒビター)であってもよい。
雄フィッシャー344ラット(当初は6週齢)に対し、1年に至るまでの期間、飼料中に過フッ化オクタン酸アンモニウム(APFO、300ppm)を入れて投与した。対照ラットに対しては、APFOを含んでいない粉末状飼料を与えた。
雄フィッシャー344ラットにAPFOを投与すると、体重増加の著しい低減がもたらされる(図1)。処置を受けた動物については、体重が、同時対照動物よりも約25−30%ほど減少した。この体重変化は、如何なる臨床症状、もしくは、活性(activity)の変化も伴わなかった。
肥満及び糖尿病を転換させるAPFOの治療上の可能性を立証するため、肥満及び糖尿病の動物モデルにおけるAPFOの効果を研究した。
C57BL/6J-ob/obマウスは、肥満及び糖尿病のモデルとして広く容認されている肥満及びレプチン欠乏の動物である。更に、研究では、それと対になる同じ齢で(age-paired)、無病気の(痩身の)動物(C57BL/6J-+/+)も用いて、これにより、「正常な」反応を観察した。
C57BL/6J-ob/obマウスの3つのグループ(n=5)を、3つのAPFO投与レベル(5、15及び25mg/kg/日)で処置した。動物には、水に溶かしたAPFOを、経口胃管栄養法(oral gavage)によって、14日間もの間毎日投与した。また、ob/obマウスの一つのグループについては、賦形剤(水)のみで処置した。更に、「正常な」反応を観察するため、それと対になる5歳で病気無しの動物(C57BL/6J-+/+)に、25mg/kgのAPFOを投与し、同様な病気無しの対照グループには、賦形剤のみを投与した。
25mg/kg/日で処置されたマウス株については、両方とも、処置期間にわたり体重を減らした。+/+マウスの場合、この体重減少は、4日目以降のみに、はっきりと認められた。更に、これらの動物についての体重減少量は、最初の体重の百分率でみて、ob/obマウスの体重減少量よりも少なかった(22%対33%)。15mg/kg/日で処置されたob/obマウスの場合、20%の体重減少が、研究期間にわたって認められた。5mg/kg/日で処置された動物は、影響を受けなかった(図9)。他の悪い臨床観察結果については、観察されなかった。
要約すると、APFOの投与に関係し得る生理的効果が多数あった。痩身の対照マウスについては、体重が僅かに減少した。この体重損失は、10日後に最大となり、この後は、体重損失が生じなかった。このグループの飼料消費量は一定のままであった。
GK/Molラットは、II型糖尿病のモデルとして広く容認されている、肥満でない糖尿病動物である。「正常な」反応を測定するため、研究では、更に、糖尿病無しのウィスターラット(non-diabetic Wistar rats)も用いた。
GK/Molラットの3つのグループ(n=5)に対して、3つの投与レベル(3、10及び30mg/kg)でAPFOを投与した。動物には、経口胃管栄養法(oral gavage)により、14日間もの間毎日APFOを投与した。10匹のGK/Molラットで構成された一つのグループについては、賦形剤(水)のみで処置した。更に、「正常な」反応を観察するため、それと対になる5歳で病気無しのウィスターラットに、30mg/kgのAPFOを投与し、同様な病気無しの対照グループには、賦形剤のみを投与した。
GK/MolラットにAPFOを投与すると、投与に従って体重増加が低減された。この体重増加は、低い、中間の及び高い投与レベルで、それぞれ、対照値の90%、71%及び41%であった(図18)。処置を受けたウィスターラットについては、体重増加に対する影響はなかった。
GK/Molについての研究に伴い、スピローグドーリーラット(Sprague Dawley rats)について調査しても同様なパターンが得られた(実施例1)。APFOによれば、処置を受けた動物についてグルコース、トリグリセリズ及びコレステロールのレベルが低減されるとともに、体重増加が低減された。更に、血漿インシュリンのレベルも明らかに低減された。
体外における、人間腫瘍細胞株に対するAPFOの効果、及び、体内における、人間腫瘍の異種移植モデルでの効果について試験した。
抗癌剤としてのAPFOの作用を判定するため、3つの人間癌細胞株を、APFOに曝し、細胞毒性レベル(cytotoxicity level)を判定した。
10%の熱不活性化ウシ胎仔血清(heat-inactivated foetal calf serum)、2mMのL‐グルタミン、ペニシリン(50IU/ml)、ストレプトマイシン(50μg/ml)及び1%の非必須アミノ酸が添加されたDulbecco's Modified Eagles 培地(DMEM)で、HT−29細胞(人間の大腸(colon))、MCF7細胞(人間の乳癌(breast cancer)に由来する)及びHepG2細胞(人間の肝臓癌に由来する)を培養した。トリプシン化により細胞を収穫し、5×104細胞/mlに薄め、96ウェルのプレートに備えられたウェルのそれぞれに、200μlの細胞浮遊液をプレート(plated)し、更に、5%のCO2に35℃で一晩さらした。成長培地内で様々な濃度(0.01、0.03、0.1、0.3、1、3、10、30、100及び1000μM)のAPFOに、細胞を4時間さらした。それぞれのウェルに、5mg/lmのMTT溶液20μlを加え、更に細胞を、37℃で4時間温置した。培地を除去し、200μlのDMSOを加えてホルマザン結晶(formazan crystals)を溶解させた。プレートを570nmで読み取り、690nmの背景を減じた。結果については、APFO濃度に対する細胞生存パーセントとして図に表した。
APFOは、500μM超の濃度で、4時間後に細胞毒性効果(cytotoxic effect)を示した(図26)。
この研究により、APFOが体外において人間の広範囲の癌を殺すのに有効であることが示された。
この研究の目的は、異種移植された動物のモデルについてAPFOの抗−腫瘍能力を調査することにある。免疫不全のnu/nuマウスに異種移植された、人間大腸癌由来の細胞株について、腫瘍の進行に対するAPFOの効果を試験した。APFOの投与の間、定期的に腫瘍のサイズを測定することによって、APFOによる予防上及び治療上の効果を判定した。
Clare Hall (Potters Bar, UK)から、ICRFストック(HsdOla:ICRF-nu)からの胸腺欠損(athymic)のヌード(nu/nu)マウスを得た。動物は全て雌であり、約9週齢であった。隔離ケージに入れられ、層流下で扱われる動物を、1つの対照グループと、2つの処置グループとに分けた。予防上のスケジュール及び治療上のスケジュールにおいて、グループごとに5匹の雌マウスをあてた。
但し、d1は平均長(n=2)、d2は平均幅(n=2)である。(腫瘍が不均整な形状であるとき、NB,n=4)。
HT−29に由来する腫瘍は、研究において約14日間成長した。
要約すると、腫瘍細胞と同時にAPFOを与えるか、または、腫瘍が落ち着いた(establishment)後にAPFOを与えると、APFOは、人間癌細胞株について抗−腫瘍能力を示した。更に、体重は、試験薬剤からは影響を受けないままであった。これは、処置に関連した体重減少が生じないことを意味し、化学療法薬の重要な利点となる。処置に関連した体重減少が生じなかったのは、APFOが、肥満の被験体及び痩身でない被験体(例えばnu/nuマウス)を選択的に対象とするからだという可能性もある。
3.1 体外における研究
EIAに基づいた人間COX阻害物質(インヒビター)分析キットを、製造者(Cayman Chemical, Michigan)の指示通りに用い、シクロオキシゲナーゼ1(COX1)及びシクロオキシゲナーゼ2(COX−2)を抑制するAPFO(もしくは他の試験化合物)の能力について検査した。
APFO(もしくは他の試験化合物)による抗−炎症特性の可能性について、ラットモデルで試験した。動物にはAPFOまたはデキサメタゾン(dexamethasone)を投与し、その後、リポ多糖体(LPS)により動物の免疫系に障害を与え、そして血漿サイトカイニンを測定する。研究は、壱グループあたり、10匹の雄CDラット(80−120g)とした1つの対照グループ及び3つの処置グループから構成することができる。対照グループについては賦形剤(水)のみを投与し、その24時間後にLPS(100gラットあたり30μg)を投与する。処置グループ1の動物については、APFO(もしくは他の試験化合物)を30mg.kg与える。処置グループ2の動物については、APFO(もしくは他の試験化合物)を30mg.kg与え、その24時間後にLPS(100gラットあたり30μg)を投与する。処置グループ3の動物については、デキサメタゾンを与え(コーンオイル中10mg.ml)、その1時間後にLPS(100gラットあたり30μg)を投与する。壱グループあたり、5匹の動物からの血漿
を、処置の1時間ないし2時間後に取り入れた。商業的に入手可能なキットを、製造者(Endogen Inc., Massachusetts)の指示通りに用いて、血漿サイトカイン(II−6、II−1β及びTNF)を測定した。
APFOがPPARイソ型と相互作用することを示すため、マウスのPPARアルファcDNAを含む転写促進分析、及び、人間のPPARガンマを用いたリガンド結合分析を行った。
4.1.1 実験的調製及び方法
COS−1細胞(セクション2.1.1に述べられた培地であるが、アミノ酸を含まない培地で培養されたもの)を、壱ウェルあたり3×105細胞で6つのウェル組織培養皿にプレート(plated)し、37℃で一晩定着させた。次の日、培地を吸引し、PBS(pH7.4)で細胞を洗浄し、一時的トランスフェクション混合物(transient transfection cocktail)200μlを、それぞれのウェルに加えた。トランスフェクション混合物は、マウスのPPARαを運ぶベクターDNA50ng、肝臓脂肪酸結合タンパク質のPPAR感応要素を含有するプラスミドDNA500ng、及び、トランスフェクション制御物としてのベクター匿いβ−ガラクトシダーゼ(vector harbor β-Galactosidase)500ngから構成した。DEAE−デキストラン50μg.mlを含有するPBSに、DNAを溶かした。プラスミドDNAを含有しないトランスフェクション混合物に、対照の細胞をさらした。細胞を37℃で30分間温置した後、80μMのクロロキンを含有する培地2mlを加え、そして細胞を37度で更に2.5時間温置した。
培地を吸引し、室温で2.5分間、培地中の10%DMSOにより細胞にショック処理を行った。PBSで細胞を洗浄し、その後、37℃で24時間にわたり、細胞を成長培地で回復させた。
APFOによるマウスPPARアルファの活性が生じた。効力を生じる濃度(EC50)は102μMであった(図27)。
ここで示されたデータは、APFOが、μMの濃度でマウスPPARアルファの活性物質(activator)となることを示している。
ヒス−タッグ(his-tagged)された人間PPARγのリガンド結合ドメインが、既に述べられたように[Palmer, CAN 及び Wolf, CR. FEBS Letts. 431, 476-480, (1998)]、大腸菌(E. Coli)内で表現された。レセプタータンパク質が、ニッケルのアフィニティー・クロマトグラフィー(affinity chromatography)により、不十分ではあるが精製された。
この組み替えレセプタータンパク質は、蛍光性脂肪酸と、シス−パリナリン酸(CPA)との間の相互作用を研究するのに、既に利用されている[Palmer CAN 及び Wolf CR. FEBS Letts. 431, 476-480, (1998);Causevic M, Wolf CR 及び Palmer CAN. FEBS Letts. 463, 205-210, (1999)]。レセプターに結合すると、脂肪酸のスペクトル特性に変化が生じる。これらの変化は、レセプターに対するリガンドの結合と量的に関係しており、結合定数の算出に用いることができる。また、競合置換分析(competitive displacement assay)を用いて他の化合物の結合特性を試験することができる。この方法により、AFPOについて、PPARγからシス−パリナリン酸を置換させる能力を試験した。セクション4.1で述べたのと同様に、データを分析した。
人間PPARガンマのリガンド結合ドメインを利用する競合的リガンド結合分析によれば、シス−パリナリン酸の置換が生じたことが示された。EC50は355μMであった(図28)。
これらのデータは、APFOが人間PPARガンマのリガンド結合ドメインと相互作用することを示している。
Claims (2)
- 人間に用いられる抗腫瘍治療用薬剤であって、
過フッ化オクタン酸(perfluorooctanoic acid)(PFOA)、又は、過フッ化オクタン酸アンモニウム(APFO)である。 - 化合物を、人間に用いられる抗腫瘍治療用薬剤の有効成分として含有せしめて同薬剤の製造のために使用する方法であって、
化合物は、過フッ化オクタン酸(perfluorooctanoic acid)(PFOA)、又は、過フッ化オクタン酸アンモニウム(APFO)である。
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GB2383535A (en) | 2003-07-02 |
AU2009233689A1 (en) | 2009-11-26 |
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CA2438085C (en) | 2011-05-03 |
CY1108262T1 (el) | 2014-02-12 |
ATE395054T1 (de) | 2008-05-15 |
CA2438085A1 (en) | 2002-08-29 |
AU2006222766A1 (en) | 2006-11-02 |
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US8487003B2 (en) | 2013-07-16 |
EP1745779A3 (en) | 2011-05-04 |
EP1359906B1 (en) | 2008-05-14 |
ES2309153T3 (es) | 2008-12-16 |
GB2383535B (en) | 2005-09-21 |
WO2002066028A3 (en) | 2002-11-14 |
JP2009132726A (ja) | 2009-06-18 |
AU2002232001B2 (en) | 2006-06-29 |
EP1359906A2 (en) | 2003-11-12 |
US20050175639A1 (en) | 2005-08-11 |
GB0203716D0 (en) | 2002-04-03 |
EP2260842A2 (en) | 2010-12-15 |
AU2006222766B2 (en) | 2009-08-06 |
EP1745779A2 (en) | 2007-01-24 |
US20120029079A1 (en) | 2012-02-02 |
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