JP4642843B2 - 気体浸透性ポリマーフィルタおよびその作製方法 - Google Patents
気体浸透性ポリマーフィルタおよびその作製方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP4642843B2 JP4642843B2 JP2007515013A JP2007515013A JP4642843B2 JP 4642843 B2 JP4642843 B2 JP 4642843B2 JP 2007515013 A JP2007515013 A JP 2007515013A JP 2007515013 A JP2007515013 A JP 2007515013A JP 4642843 B2 JP4642843 B2 JP 4642843B2
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- filter
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- activated carbon
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- B01J20/32—Impregnating or coating ; Solid sorbent compositions obtained from processes involving impregnating or coating
- B01J20/3231—Impregnating or coating ; Solid sorbent compositions obtained from processes involving impregnating or coating characterised by the coating or impregnating layer
- B01J20/3234—Inorganic material layers
- B01J20/3236—Inorganic material layers containing metal, other than zeolites, e.g. oxides, hydroxides, sulphides or salts
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/28—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption
- C02F1/283—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption using coal, charred products, or inorganic mixtures containing them
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B01J2220/46—Materials comprising a mixture of inorganic and organic materials
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Description
PMXポリマーCF−1やCF−2のような選択された構造性材料を添加された化合物と共に焼結する上述の方法によれば、フィルタは、本発明を先行技術と区別するいくつかの品質を呈するようになる。これらは、以下のようにまめることができる:
耐衝撃性。フィルタは、先に記載されるようなPMX材料のブレンド物で構成された50%〜100%のベース材料を含むので、それらは、耐久性があり、衝撃時の亀裂または破壊に対して抵抗性を示す。野外利用または軍事利用における携帯用途のようにフィルタが破壊されてはならない場合には、その特定の目標が達成されると同時に依然として優れたろ過が達成されるようにフィルタを構築することが可能である。
気体および液体のろ過は、いくつかの産業で使用される。本発明に開示されている特徴および利点は、既存の技術を代替する明らかな改良を提供する。本明細書に記載の適用は、本発明を実施する種々の態様を例示することが意図されたものであり、何ら本発明を限定しようとするものではない。
重力流ろ過装置:液体ろ過のための重力流とは、液体をフィルタに通して貫通させる唯一の力がフィルタの真上の液頭の量であることを本質的に意味する。液体の重量が力を生成する。この重量は、液頭すなわち液体の最高レベルとフィルタとの間の距離を増大させることにより増大させることが可能である。貯蔵液体がフィルタを通って流出するにつれて、液頭は徐々に減少するであろう。多くの用途では、重力流ろ過の主要な適用である携帯型装置で発生されうるフィルタ上の液頭圧力はごくわずかである。液頭の量は、フィルタの上の70mmに制限される。許容しうる流量を達成する解決策は、実際に流動すると同時にさらに混入物を濾別するフィルタを開発することにある。たとえば、より高流量にする場合、最適処方は、50〜150μmの範囲内の65%〜75%の活性炭顆粒に対して25%〜35%のPMX CF−1であることが判明した。粗い顆粒をPMX CF−1材料と組み合わせると、フィルタ上の液圧を必要最小限にして容易に流動する開放細孔マトリックスが作製される。実際の処方は、フィルタの所望の性能に基づいて変更可能である。たとえば、カラフ型ピッチャは、通常、フィルタの上にわずか数インチの液頭を有するにすぎないので、圧力低下がごくわずかである優れた貫流特性を有するはずである。好ましい実施形態では、50〜150μmの範囲内の粗い顆粒状活性炭粒子が、70%の炭素と30%のPMX CF−1との比でブレンドされる。流量に影響を及ぼす因子としては、フィルタの壁厚およびフィルタ外側の全湿潤表面積が挙げられよう。
コンピュータディスクドライブ:混入物除去材料が使用されるいかなる場合においても、本発明を用いることにより性能が改良される。この利点について、有機蒸気を除去する試験で実証した。活性炭の1グラムのサンプルを密閉容器に入れた。容器をトリメチルペンタン(THP)99%で部分的に満たし、トリメチルペンタンの表面上に浮遊させたアルミニウムトレー中に遊動炭素を入れた。第2の容器では、同一バッチの活性炭とPMX CF−1とよりなる材料のモールドキューブを使用し、同一重量の活性炭がキューブに含まれるように構築した。実験の開始時および次に3時間後にも、両方のトレーの内容物の重量を測定した。次に、それぞれのトレー中の材料の重量増加により、遊動形態および成形品形態の両方の活性炭の吸着能力を決定した。すべての実験で両方のトレーが確実に重量を増大させたことから、成形されていない活性顆粒と比較して成形品形態で吸着能力が失われることはないことが示唆された。他の実験では、活性炭に関して同一の寸法および一般部含有率を有する圧縮キューブと対比して、モールドキューブを試験した。この際、PMX CF−1を用いたモールドキューブでは、トリメチルペンタンの吸着が200%の効力に増大されることが判明した。
冷蔵:冷却飲料水および氷を分配する家庭用冷蔵庫では、水道水の味、臭気、および色を改善するために活性炭ウォータフィルタが使用される。製造現場に設置する場合、フィルタは、これまで典型的には低密度で充填された活性炭塔を用いる方式であった。なぜなら、カーボンブロックは、深層ろ過の欠如が原因で早期に目詰まりを起こす可能性があるからである。水道水からクリプトスポリジウム(Cryptosporidium)を除去する場合などの大量ろ過では、寄生原生動物を物理的に選別除去するカーボンブロックまたはその等価物が必要である。フィルタが目詰まりを起こすことなく少なくとも6ヶ月間〜1年間持ちこたえなければならないことが問題点である。フィルタが他の用途で使用される場合、漸進的流量低下は、フィルタが目詰まりを起こしていることを意味する。冷蔵庫では、そのような警告が利用できない。したがって、器具への水の供給を停止させるおそれのあるフィルタの早期目詰まりを引き起こす危険性がなく長期間にわたり寄生原生動物を選別除去するフィルタを有することが好ましいであろう。
有機蒸気マスク:有機蒸気マスクは、空気から有害化学蒸気を吸入しないように使用者を保護する。先行技術は、非常に粗いメッシュと、酸性ガスの吸着を促進するために水酸化カリウムまたはヨウ化カリウムで含浸された顆粒状活性炭と、の使用を含む。炭素は、マスク中に空気を取り込むために一方の側に穿孔を有するキャニスタ中に稠密圧縮導入される。空気が活性炭の粗い顆粒上を通過するときに、気体の吸着は起こる。本発明では、多孔性物品は、外径(OD)がキャニスタとほぼ同一サイズになるように成形される。物品は、連続した側壁と、閉鎖端が丸形になるように半径をもたせた6mmの同一厚さの閉鎖端と、を有する、浅いシリンダ状に形成される。空気は、閉鎖端および側壁の外側から半径方向にシリンダを通って浅いコア中にさらにマスク中に流動する。物品の処方は、好ましい実施形態では、PMX CF−1(40重量%)に対して75〜150μmの範囲内の粒子分布を有する顆粒状活性炭(60重量%)を使用することを含む。粒子の移動および細孔サイズの減少を回避するために、物品をごくわずかに振動させる。遊動床炭素を本発明に係るより先進的な有機蒸気フィルタに置き換える能力は、物品の成形性能、少ない圧力低下、およびより高い性能をはじめとする特別な特性に依拠する。この適用で顆粒状炭素床が500〜2000μmの範囲の粒子分布を有する場合、これと比較して、粒子は、はるかに微細であり、吸着のためのより大きい表面積を提供する。
空気および気体のろ過:ろ過材の表面積をより大きくすると同時に圧力低下を減少させる原理により、空気などの気体のろ過性能が向上する。先行技術の方法は、活性炭の粗大粒子が所与の空間内に圧縮されるフラットパネルの作製を包含し;他の選択肢として、空気用または気体用として設計されたいくつかのフィルタでは、微細炭素粉末が繊維材料に結合される。空気またはガスは、繊維を横切って流動し、その際に、活性炭で作製されているかまたは活性炭が組み込まれているろ過材に暴露される。本発明では、フラットパネルは、長さ、幅、および厚さにより画定される幾何形状に容易に成形可能である。パネルは自己支持性であり、そうした性質を組み込むためのいかなる構造も必要としない。貫流の容易さは、顆粒状活性炭粒子のようなろ過材の粗大顆粒をPMX CF−1に提供することにより達成される。
ウォータフィルタ:高性能のウォータフィルタに対する要求の高まりは、飲料水中にみられる残留化学物質、金属、および微生物が相次いで発見されたことおよび合わせてそれらが公表されてきたことに直接関連付けられる。水中の混入物は、4つのグループに分類可能である:(i)浮遊固体;(ii)重金属;(iii)有機系化学物質;たとえば、殺有害生物剤およびほとんどの化学物質;ならびに(iv)微生物。本発明に係る加工方法および処方を用いて作製されたフィルタは、4つのすべてのクラスの混入物の除去で優れた性能を示した。
Claims (4)
- 複数のポリマー粒子であって、30μm〜40μmの平均粒子径を有し、かつ、内部に多数の細孔および不規則に入り組んだ表面を有する第1のポリマー粒子と、
球状表面および55μm〜65μmの平均粒子径を有する第2の非多孔性ポリマー粒子と、を含み、
前記第1のポリマー粒子と前記第2のポリマー粒子とが自己支持性フィルタマトリックス内で互に一体に焼結され、ここで、前記第1のポリマー粒子と前記第2のポリマー粒子の形状が焼結後も実質的に変らず、
前記フィルタマトリックスが、0.1μm〜1000μmの平均粒子径を有する活性炭を含み、
ここで、前記活性炭が、前記フィルタマトリックスの35重量%〜90重量%を、前記第1のポリマー粒子が、前記フィルタマトリックスの10重量%〜65重量%を、かつ、前記第2のポリマー粒子が、前記フィルタマトリックスの0.5重量%〜65重量%を構成する、フィルタ。 - 前記フィルタが、前記複数のポリマー粒子および前記活性炭と共に有効に機能する鉛除去化合物を含む、請求項1に記載のフィルタ。
- 前記フィルタが、前記複数のポリマー粒子および前記活性炭と共に有効に機能する抗微生物化合物を含む、請求項1に記載のフィルタ。
- 前記抗微生物化合物が、細菌の成長を阻害するイオンを含む、請求項3に記載のフィルタ。
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DE4211529A1 (de) * | 1992-04-06 | 1993-10-07 | Herding Entstaubung | Filterelement mit einem formstabilen, durchlässig-porösen Kunststoff-Formkörper |
JPH07204429A (ja) * | 1993-12-21 | 1995-08-08 | Porex Technol Corp | フィルターとイオン交換材料との結合製品及び該結合製品を使用して流体を処理するための方法 |
JPH0827303A (ja) * | 1994-07-19 | 1996-01-30 | Idemitsu Kosan Co Ltd | 多孔体及びその製造方法 |
FR2759087B1 (fr) * | 1997-02-06 | 1999-07-30 | Electricite De France | Produit composite poreux de haute surface specifique, procede de preparation et electrode pour ensemble electrochimique formee d'un film composite poreux |
CN1351822A (zh) * | 2001-11-02 | 2002-06-05 | 崔树萍 | 一种渗透过滤材料以及该材料的制备方法和用途 |
-
2004
- 2004-05-26 WO PCT/US2004/016792 patent/WO2005118108A1/en active Application Filing
- 2004-05-26 AU AU2004320325A patent/AU2004320325A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2004-05-26 EP EP04821580A patent/EP1771234A1/en not_active Ceased
- 2004-05-26 BR BRPI0418864A patent/BRPI0418864B1/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2004-05-26 JP JP2007515013A patent/JP4642843B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2004-05-26 MX MXPA06013601A patent/MXPA06013601A/es not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2004-05-26 CN CN2004800431558A patent/CN1960793B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2002525400A (ja) * | 1998-09-25 | 2002-08-13 | ティコナ ゲゼルシャフト ミット ベシュレンクテル ハフツング | 活性炭フィルタ |
JP2001187305A (ja) * | 1999-12-28 | 2001-07-10 | Mitsuboshi Belting Ltd | フィルター成形体の製造方法 |
JP2002355515A (ja) * | 2001-05-31 | 2002-12-10 | Mitsuboshi Belting Ltd | 水処理用フィルター |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
WO2005118108A1 (en) | 2005-12-15 |
EP1771234A1 (en) | 2007-04-11 |
BRPI0418864B1 (pt) | 2018-11-21 |
MXPA06013601A (es) | 2007-03-15 |
AU2004320325A1 (en) | 2005-12-15 |
BRPI0418864A (pt) | 2007-11-20 |
JP2008500165A (ja) | 2008-01-10 |
CN1960793A (zh) | 2007-05-09 |
CN1960793B (zh) | 2011-10-05 |
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