JP4638498B2 - フォトニック結晶干渉計 - Google Patents
フォトニック結晶干渉計 Download PDFInfo
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- JP4638498B2 JP4638498B2 JP2007533658A JP2007533658A JP4638498B2 JP 4638498 B2 JP4638498 B2 JP 4638498B2 JP 2007533658 A JP2007533658 A JP 2007533658A JP 2007533658 A JP2007533658 A JP 2007533658A JP 4638498 B2 JP4638498 B2 JP 4638498B2
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- 239000004038 photonic crystal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 76
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 17
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 16
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 8
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000001902 propagating effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000010363 phase shift Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011800 void material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000013590 bulk material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012792 core layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004611 spectroscopical analysis Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241000193738 Bacillus anthracis Species 0.000 description 1
- XFXPMWWXUTWYJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyanide Chemical compound N#[C-] XFXPMWWXUTWYJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001218 Gallium arsenide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005387 chalcogenide glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001312 dry etching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000609 electron-beam lithography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000025 interference lithography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010884 ion-beam technique Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000001459 lithography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000001451 molecular beam epitaxy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002086 nanomaterial Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J3/00—Spectrometry; Spectrophotometry; Monochromators; Measuring colours
- G01J3/02—Details
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
- B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
- B82Y20/00—Nanooptics, e.g. quantum optics or photonic crystals
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J3/00—Spectrometry; Spectrophotometry; Monochromators; Measuring colours
- G01J3/02—Details
- G01J3/0205—Optical elements not provided otherwise, e.g. optical manifolds, diffusers, windows
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J3/00—Spectrometry; Spectrophotometry; Monochromators; Measuring colours
- G01J3/02—Details
- G01J3/0256—Compact construction
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J3/00—Spectrometry; Spectrophotometry; Monochromators; Measuring colours
- G01J3/28—Investigating the spectrum
- G01J3/45—Interferometric spectrometry
- G01J3/453—Interferometric spectrometry by correlation of the amplitudes
- G01J3/4531—Devices without moving parts
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
- G01N21/41—Refractivity; Phase-affecting properties, e.g. optical path length
- G01N21/45—Refractivity; Phase-affecting properties, e.g. optical path length using interferometric methods; using Schlieren methods
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/10—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type
- G02B6/12—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type of the integrated circuit kind
- G02B6/12004—Combinations of two or more optical elements
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/10—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type
- G02B6/12—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type of the integrated circuit kind
- G02B6/12007—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type of the integrated circuit kind forming wavelength selective elements, e.g. multiplexer, demultiplexer
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/10—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type
- G02B6/12—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type of the integrated circuit kind
- G02B6/122—Basic optical elements, e.g. light-guiding paths
- G02B6/1225—Basic optical elements, e.g. light-guiding paths comprising photonic band-gap structures or photonic lattices
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/75—Systems in which material is subjected to a chemical reaction, the progress or the result of the reaction being investigated
- G01N21/77—Systems in which material is subjected to a chemical reaction, the progress or the result of the reaction being investigated by observing the effect on a chemical indicator
- G01N2021/7769—Measurement method of reaction-produced change in sensor
- G01N2021/7779—Measurement method of reaction-produced change in sensor interferometric
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/10—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type
- G02B6/12—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type of the integrated circuit kind
- G02B2006/12083—Constructional arrangements
- G02B2006/12104—Mirror; Reflectors or the like
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/10—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type
- G02B6/12—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type of the integrated circuit kind
- G02B2006/12133—Functions
- G02B2006/12159—Interferometer
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S5/00—Semiconductor lasers
- H01S5/0014—Measuring characteristics or properties thereof
- H01S5/0028—Laser diodes used as detectors
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S5/00—Semiconductor lasers
- H01S5/06—Arrangements for controlling the laser output parameters, e.g. by operating on the active medium
- H01S5/0607—Arrangements for controlling the laser output parameters, e.g. by operating on the active medium by varying physical parameters other than the potential of the electrodes, e.g. by an electric or magnetic field, mechanical deformation, pressure, light, temperature
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S5/00—Semiconductor lasers
- H01S5/10—Construction or shape of the optical resonator, e.g. extended or external cavity, coupled cavities, bent-guide, varying width, thickness or composition of the active region
- H01S5/11—Comprising a photonic bandgap structure
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S5/00—Semiconductor lasers
- H01S5/20—Structure or shape of the semiconductor body to guide the optical wave ; Confining structures perpendicular to the optical axis, e.g. index or gain guiding, stripe geometry, broad area lasers, gain tailoring, transverse or lateral reflectors, special cladding structures, MQW barrier reflection layers
- H01S5/22—Structure or shape of the semiconductor body to guide the optical wave ; Confining structures perpendicular to the optical axis, e.g. index or gain guiding, stripe geometry, broad area lasers, gain tailoring, transverse or lateral reflectors, special cladding structures, MQW barrier reflection layers having a ridge or stripe structure
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Nanotechnology (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Biophysics (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analysing Materials By Optical Means (AREA)
- Instruments For Measurement Of Length By Optical Means (AREA)
- Optical Integrated Circuits (AREA)
- Crystals, And After-Treatments Of Crystals (AREA)
Description
本出願は、2004年9月27日に出願した「Photonic Crystal Laser Sensor and Methods」と題する米国特許出願第10/951,916号の一部継続出願であり、その米国特許出願は、参照によりその全体が本明細書に援用される。
本発明の実施形態は、フォトニック結晶構造体に光学的に結合されるレーザを用いる、高感度で、コンパクトで、しかも電力効率の良い検出デバイスを教示する。その例示的なデバイスは、検出過程においてエバネッセント場を用いる。
概説
光の全反射現象の結果として、エバネッセント場が生成される。エバネッセント場は、全反射界面の反対側に生成される指数関数的に減衰する場である。エバネッセント場は一般的に、フォトニック結晶構造体に関連付けられる。そのような場を用いて、本発明の例示的な実施形態によるセンサ及び検出方法を可能にすることができる。
図8を参照すると、マイケルソン干渉計デバイスの実施形態が示されており、そのデバイスは、そのデバイスが周波数プリング及び利得飽和の影響を受けにくくすることを可能にする2つの出力ポートを含む。レーザセンサ装置800は、半導体レーザ803に光学的に結合されるフォトニック結晶複光路干渉計構造体804を含む。フォトニック結晶複光路干渉計構造体804は、センサアーム806及び基準アーム808を含む。例示された実施形態は、Y字形構成を形成するように互いに対して配置されたセンサアーム806及び基準アーム808を示すが、他の構成を用いることもできる。各アームの端部には、フォトニック結晶ミラー809が設けられる(例えば、反射率100%のブラッグミラー)。一実施形態では、基準アーム808は、不動態化領域810によって示されるように、不動態化される。
P=|E|2sin2(θ−β)
ただし、Eはセンサアーム内の電界の振幅であり、θは移相器によって加えられるAC位相シフトであり、βはセンサアーム内に捕捉される分子の存在から生じる、時間に依存しない位相シフトである。角度θが時間の関数としてディザ制御される場合には、光電流は、以下のように微分され得る。即ち、
dθ/dt≒sin2[θ(t)−β]θ(t)
dP/dt対dθ/dtをプロットすることにより、θ(t)−βが与えられるであろう。従って、その曲線がx軸と交差する点(即ち、ゼロ点)を取ることによって、βが得られるであろう。
Claims (10)
- センサ装置であって、
レーザに光学的に結合されるフォトニック結晶構造体を含み、その構造体が、
Y字形構成を形成するように互いに対して配置されている基準アーム(808)及びセンサアーム(806)を有する干渉計(804)と、
前記アームのそれぞれの端部に設けられているフォトニック結晶ミラー(809)と、
ブライトポート光検出器に光学的に結合されるように構成された第1の出力(832)と、
ダークポート光検出器に光学的に結合されるように構成された第2の出力(834)とを含む、センサ装置。 - 前記干渉計(804)が複光路干渉計である、請求項1に記載のセンサ装置。
- 前記複光路干渉計(804)がマイケルソン干渉計からなる、請求項2に記載のセンサ装置。
- 前記第2の出力において光が存在することは、前記センサアーム内に分子が存在することを示す、請求項1に記載のセンサ装置。
- 前記基準アーム内にDC移相器(827)をさらに含む、請求項1に記載のセンサ装置。
- 前記センサアーム内にAC移相器(825)をさらに含む、請求項1に記載のセンサ装置。
- 前記フォトニック結晶ミラーがフォトニック結晶ブラッグミラーである、請求項1に記載のセンサ装置。
- 前記基準アームが不動態化される、請求項1に記載のセンサ装置。
- 前記フォトニック結晶構造体が、III−V族半導体材料からなる、請求項1に記載のセンサ装置。
- 前記フォトニック結晶構造体が欠陥を含む、請求項1に記載のセンサ装置。
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US10/951,916 US7492979B2 (en) | 2004-09-27 | 2004-09-27 | Photonic crystal laser sensors and methods |
US11/141,286 US7307732B2 (en) | 2004-09-27 | 2005-05-31 | Photonic crystal interferometer |
PCT/US2005/034190 WO2007011384A2 (en) | 2004-09-27 | 2005-09-23 | Photonic crystal interferometer |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
JP2008514926A JP2008514926A (ja) | 2008-05-08 |
JP4638498B2 true JP4638498B2 (ja) | 2011-02-23 |
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Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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JP2007533658A Expired - Fee Related JP4638498B2 (ja) | 2004-09-27 | 2005-09-23 | フォトニック結晶干渉計 |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP1794573B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP4638498B2 (ja) |
AT (1) | ATE387624T1 (ja) |
DE (1) | DE602005005077T2 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2007011384A2 (ja) |
Families Citing this family (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP5356088B2 (ja) * | 2009-03-27 | 2013-12-04 | 古河電気工業株式会社 | 半導体レーザ、レーザ光の発生方法、およびレーザ光のスペクトル線幅の狭窄化方法 |
DE102009030338B4 (de) * | 2009-06-18 | 2018-01-04 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. | Optische Interferenzanordnung und Verfahren zur Einkopplung von elektromagnetischer Strahlung in einen photonischen Kristall oder Quasikristall |
JP2011169640A (ja) * | 2010-02-16 | 2011-09-01 | Sony Corp | テラヘルツ分光用デバイスおよびその製造方法、ならびにテラヘルツ分光装置 |
DE102013208603A1 (de) * | 2013-05-10 | 2014-11-13 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Gassensor und Verfahren zum Detektieren wenigstens einer Gaskomponente |
CN114096829A (zh) * | 2019-07-10 | 2022-02-25 | ams有限公司 | 包括集成片上光波导的光热气体检测器 |
Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH10185810A (ja) * | 1996-12-20 | 1998-07-14 | Toyota Central Res & Dev Lab Inc | 湿度センサ |
JP2004158745A (ja) * | 2002-11-08 | 2004-06-03 | Fujitsu Ltd | 光干渉器 |
JP2004163675A (ja) * | 2002-11-13 | 2004-06-10 | Ricoh Co Ltd | モニタ付有機導波路型光変調器および光変調装置および光集積回路 |
JP2004245866A (ja) * | 2003-02-10 | 2004-09-02 | Univ Kyoto | 2次元フォトニック結晶中の共振器と波長分合波器 |
JP2005517895A (ja) * | 2001-06-08 | 2005-06-16 | ザ リージェンツ オブ ザ ユニヴァーシティ オブ カリフォルニア | 化学マイクロセンサー |
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2005
- 2005-09-23 AT AT05858428T patent/ATE387624T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2005-09-23 DE DE602005005077T patent/DE602005005077T2/de active Active
- 2005-09-23 EP EP05858428A patent/EP1794573B1/en not_active Not-in-force
- 2005-09-23 JP JP2007533658A patent/JP4638498B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2005-09-23 WO PCT/US2005/034190 patent/WO2007011384A2/en active IP Right Grant
Patent Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH10185810A (ja) * | 1996-12-20 | 1998-07-14 | Toyota Central Res & Dev Lab Inc | 湿度センサ |
JP2005517895A (ja) * | 2001-06-08 | 2005-06-16 | ザ リージェンツ オブ ザ ユニヴァーシティ オブ カリフォルニア | 化学マイクロセンサー |
JP2004158745A (ja) * | 2002-11-08 | 2004-06-03 | Fujitsu Ltd | 光干渉器 |
JP2004163675A (ja) * | 2002-11-13 | 2004-06-10 | Ricoh Co Ltd | モニタ付有機導波路型光変調器および光変調装置および光集積回路 |
JP2004245866A (ja) * | 2003-02-10 | 2004-09-02 | Univ Kyoto | 2次元フォトニック結晶中の共振器と波長分合波器 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP1794573B1 (en) | 2008-02-27 |
JP2008514926A (ja) | 2008-05-08 |
DE602005005077T2 (de) | 2009-06-18 |
ATE387624T1 (de) | 2008-03-15 |
WO2007011384A9 (en) | 2007-10-11 |
WO2007011384A3 (en) | 2007-03-08 |
EP1794573A2 (en) | 2007-06-13 |
WO2007011384A2 (en) | 2007-01-25 |
DE602005005077D1 (de) | 2008-04-10 |
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