JP4568677B2 - Membrane separation activated sludge treatment equipment - Google Patents

Membrane separation activated sludge treatment equipment Download PDF

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JP4568677B2
JP4568677B2 JP2005335854A JP2005335854A JP4568677B2 JP 4568677 B2 JP4568677 B2 JP 4568677B2 JP 2005335854 A JP2005335854 A JP 2005335854A JP 2005335854 A JP2005335854 A JP 2005335854A JP 4568677 B2 JP4568677 B2 JP 4568677B2
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membrane
activated sludge
sludge treatment
separation activated
membrane separation
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JP2007136388A (en
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公一郎 甘道
基治 野口
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Metawater Co Ltd
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W10/00—Technologies for wastewater treatment
    • Y02W10/10—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage

Description

本発明は、下水、返流水、ゴミ浸出水、屎尿、農業排水、畜産排水、養殖排水、工場排水などの各種の排水の処理に用いられる膜分離活性汚泥処理設備に関するものである。   The present invention relates to a membrane separation activated sludge treatment facility used for treating various types of wastewater such as sewage, return water, waste leachate, human waste, agricultural wastewater, livestock wastewater, aquaculture wastewater, and factory wastewater.

下水をはじめとする上記のような排水の処理には、従来から活性汚泥処理法が広く用いられている。旧来の活性汚泥処理設備は、最初沈殿池と生物処理槽と最終沈殿池とを直列に配置したもので、広い設置面積を必要とするものである。都市部においては処理すべき排水量が増加しても下水処理場の敷地面積を拡大することは困難であるから、最近では設置面積を大幅に削減できる膜分離活性汚泥処理設備への設備更新が検討され始めている。   Conventionally, an activated sludge treatment method has been widely used for the treatment of wastewater such as sewage as described above. The conventional activated sludge treatment facility is a system in which a first sedimentation basin, a biological treatment tank, and a final sedimentation basin are arranged in series, and requires a large installation area. In urban areas, even if the amount of wastewater to be treated increases, it is difficult to expand the site area of the sewage treatment plant, so recently, it has been considered to upgrade to a membrane separation activated sludge treatment facility that can greatly reduce the installation area. Being started.

膜分離活性汚泥処理設備は、図１に示すように生物処理槽１で活性汚泥処理された水を分離膜２によりろ過し、ろ過水を処理水として取り出すようにしたものである。この装置は固液分離を分離膜２により行うことができるので、生物処理槽１と分離膜２のみから構成することができ、処理能力を落とすことなく設置面積を大幅に削減できる利点がある。その一例が特許文献１に記載されている。   The membrane-separated activated sludge treatment facility is such that the water that has been activated sludge-treated in the biological treatment tank 1 is filtered by the separation membrane 2 and the filtered water is taken out as treated water, as shown in FIG. Since this apparatus can perform solid-liquid separation by the separation membrane 2, it can be constituted by only the biological treatment tank 1 and the separation membrane 2, and has an advantage that the installation area can be greatly reduced without reducing the processing capacity. One example thereof is described in Patent Document 1.

ところが、特許文献１のように分離膜２を槽内に設置すると膜面のメンテナンスが容易でないため、分離膜を槽外設置型とした膜分離活性汚泥処理設備も検討されている。この場合には生物処理槽のほかに分離膜の設置スペースも必要となるが、分離膜を備えた膜モジュールの大きさには製作技術上の制限があるため、実際には多数本の膜モジュールを並列設置することとなる。従って大きい処理能力を要求される排水処理場では膜モジュールやそれらを結ぶ配管にかなりの設置スペースが必要となり、膜分離活性汚泥処理の利点が減少するという問題があった。
特開２００３−９４０８５号公報 However, since the maintenance of the membrane surface is not easy when the separation membrane 2 is installed in the tank as in Patent Document 1, membrane separation activated sludge treatment equipment in which the separation membrane is installed outside the tank is also being studied. In this case, it is necessary to install a separation membrane in addition to the biological treatment tank. However, since the size of the membrane module equipped with the separation membrane is limited in terms of manufacturing technology, a large number of membrane modules are actually used. Will be installed in parallel. Therefore, in a wastewater treatment plant that requires a large treatment capacity, a considerable installation space is required for the membrane module and the piping connecting them, and there is a problem that the advantages of membrane separation activated sludge treatment are reduced.
JP 2003-94085 A

本発明は上記した従来の問題点を解決して、大きい処理能力を要求される場合にも膜モジュールの設置スペースを抑制することができ、しかも膜面のメンテナンスも容易である槽外設置型の分離膜を用いた膜分離活性汚泥処理設備を提供することを目的とするものである。   The present invention solves the above-mentioned conventional problems, and can reduce the installation space of the membrane module even when a large processing capacity is required, and is an outside tank installation type that can easily maintain the membrane surface. An object of the present invention is to provide a membrane separation activated sludge treatment facility using a separation membrane.

上記の課題を解決するためになされた本発明は、生物処理槽の外部に、その槽内水を循環ろ過する膜モジュールを上下方向に複数段直列に設置するとともに、各段の膜モジュールの二次側に、上段よりも下段の逆洗水量が多くまたは圧力が高くなるように流量調節または圧力調整された逆洗手段を設けたことを特徴とするものである。   In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a membrane module that circulates and filters the water in the tank outside the biological treatment tank in a plurality of stages in series in the vertical direction. On the next side, backwashing means is provided that is adjusted in flow rate or pressure so that the amount of backwash water in the lower stage is higher or the pressure is higher than that in the upper stage.

逆洗手段は、加圧水槽またはポンプと流量制御弁とにより構成したり、加圧水槽またはポンプと管径の異なる逆洗用配管により構成することができる。また上下方向に複数段直列に設置された膜モジュールが、同一直線上にあることが好ましく、各段を並列接続された複数の膜モジュールにより構成することができる。膜モジュールには、モノリス型、チューブラー型、ハニカム型のＭＦ膜またはＵＦ膜で、材質がセラミックまたは高分子が使用できる。好ましくは、膜モジュールはモノリス型セラミック膜である。   The backwashing means can be constituted by a pressurized water tank or pump and a flow rate control valve, or by a backwashing pipe having a pipe diameter different from that of the pressurized water tank or pump. The membrane modules installed in a plurality of stages in series in the vertical direction are preferably on the same straight line, and each stage can be constituted by a plurality of membrane modules connected in parallel. The membrane module can be a monolith type, tubular type or honeycomb type MF membrane or UF membrane, and can be made of ceramic or polymer. Preferably, the membrane module is a monolithic ceramic membrane.

本発明では生物処理槽の槽内水を循環ろ過する膜モジュールを上下方向に複数段直列に設置したので、その設置面積を削減することができる。また各段の膜モジュールの二次側に、上段よりも下段の逆洗水量が多くなるように流量調節、または逆洗圧力が高くなるように圧力調節された逆洗手段を設けたので、上段よりも一次側の静水圧が高くなる下段の膜モジュールも上段の膜モジュールと同様に逆洗することができる。逆洗排水は下段の膜モジュールの下部から排出される。   In this invention, since the membrane module which circulates and filters the water in the biological treatment tank is installed in a plurality of stages in the vertical direction, the installation area can be reduced. In addition, the secondary side of each stage membrane module is provided with backwashing means that adjusts the flow rate so that the amount of backwash water in the lower stage is higher than that in the upper stage, or the pressure is adjusted to increase the backwash pressure. The lower membrane module in which the hydrostatic pressure on the primary side is higher than that can be backwashed in the same manner as the upper membrane module. Backwash wastewater is discharged from the lower part of the lower membrane module.

以下に本発明の好ましい実施形態を説明する。
図２において１は生物処理槽であり、散気手段３により槽内に酸素が供給され、原水を活性汚泥処理している。４、５は槽外に設置された膜モジュールであり、上下方向に複数段が設置されている。図２では図面を簡単にするために２段とし、上段の膜モジュール４と下段の膜モジュール５とするが、３段以上としても差し支えない。上段の膜モジュール４と下段の膜モジュール５とは、垂直配管６により同一直線上にあるように直列に接続されている。また上段の膜モジュール４と下段の膜モジュール５とはそれぞれ並列接続された複数の膜モジュールにより構成されており、図２では図面を簡単にするために３つの膜モジュールを示したが、実際には１０個程度が並列接続されている。 Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described.
In FIG. 2, reference numeral 1 denotes a biological treatment tank, in which oxygen is supplied into the tank by the air diffuser 3, and the raw water is treated with activated sludge. 4 and 5 are membrane modules installed outside the tank, and a plurality of stages are installed in the vertical direction. In FIG. 2, for the sake of simplicity of the drawing, there are two stages, ie, an upper membrane module 4 and a lower membrane module 5, but three or more stages may be used. The upper membrane module 4 and the lower membrane module 5 are connected in series by a vertical pipe 6 so as to be on the same straight line. The upper membrane module 4 and the lower membrane module 5 are each composed of a plurality of membrane modules connected in parallel. In FIG. 2, three membrane modules are shown for the sake of simplicity of the drawing. About 10 are connected in parallel.

膜モジュール４、５は缶体の内部にモノリス型セラミック膜７を封入したものである。図２では図面を簡素化するために単一のチャンネル８を示したが、実際には多数のチャンネル８がセラミック多孔体の内部に形成されており、その内表面がろ過膜となっている。生物処理槽１の槽内水は循環ポンプ９、下部ヘッダ管１０を介して下段の膜モジュール５の下部に送られ、チャンネル８を通過する間にろ過される。膜面を透過したろ過水は処理水排出管１１から取り出される。また下段の膜モジュール５を通過した槽内水は垂直配管６を介して上段の膜モジュール４に送られ、同様のろ過が行われて膜面を透過したろ過水は処理水排出管１２から取り出される。上段の膜モジュール４を通過した濃縮水は上部ヘッダ１３及び返送配管１４を経由して生物処理槽１に返送される。   The membrane modules 4 and 5 are obtained by enclosing a monolithic ceramic membrane 7 inside a can body. In FIG. 2, a single channel 8 is shown to simplify the drawing, but in reality, a large number of channels 8 are formed inside the ceramic porous body, and the inner surface is a filtration membrane. Water in the biological treatment tank 1 is sent to the lower part of the lower membrane module 5 through the circulation pump 9 and the lower header pipe 10 and is filtered while passing through the channel 8. The filtered water that has passed through the membrane surface is taken out from the treated water discharge pipe 11. The tank water that has passed through the lower membrane module 5 is sent to the upper membrane module 4 via the vertical pipe 6, and the filtered water that has passed through the membrane surface through the same filtration is taken out from the treated water discharge pipe 12. It is. The concentrated water that has passed through the upper membrane module 4 is returned to the biological treatment tank 1 via the upper header 13 and the return pipe 14.

このようにしてクロスフロー方式のろ過が行われるが、膜モジュール４と膜モジュール５とを垂直方向に配置したので、膜モジュールの設置面積を一定としたままで膜面積を２倍以上に拡大することができる。   In this way, cross-flow filtration is performed, but since the membrane module 4 and the membrane module 5 are arranged in the vertical direction, the membrane area is expanded more than twice while keeping the installation area of the membrane module constant. be able to.

このようにして膜ろ過を継続すると、膜面に次第に堆積物が生じて膜ろ過性能が低下してくるため、逆洗を行う必要がある。このために従来と同様に逆洗手段としての加圧水槽１５が設けられており、ろ過水の一部を貯留している。逆洗時には循環ポンプ９を停止し、バルブ１６を閉じ、下部ヘッダ管１０のバルブ１７を開いて加圧水槽１５から加圧された逆洗水を処理水排出管１１、１２に打ち込んで逆洗を行う。   If the membrane filtration is continued in this manner, deposits are gradually formed on the membrane surface and the membrane filtration performance deteriorates. Therefore, it is necessary to perform backwashing. For this reason, the pressurized water tank 15 as a backwashing means is provided similarly to the past, and a part of filtrate water is stored. At the time of backwashing, the circulation pump 9 is stopped, the valve 16 is closed, the valve 17 of the lower header pipe 10 is opened, and the backwash water pressurized from the pressurized water tank 15 is driven into the treated water discharge pipes 11 and 12 for backwashing. Do.

ところが上段の膜モジュール４と下段の膜モジュール５とを垂直方向に配置した本発明においては、通常の逆洗を行っても下段の膜モジュール５の膜面を十分に逆洗することができない。すなわち、上段の膜モジュール４のチャンネル８と下段の膜モジュール５のチャンネル８とは連通しているため、下段の膜モジュール５のチャンネル８にはより大きな静水圧（ヘッド）が作用している。逆洗は膜の二次側から一次側（チャンネル８側）に逆洗水を流す操作であるから、逆洗水は一次側の水圧が低い上段の膜モジュール４に主として流れ、下段の膜モジュール５には少量しか流れず、うまく逆洗が行えない。   However, in the present invention in which the upper membrane module 4 and the lower membrane module 5 are arranged in the vertical direction, the membrane surface of the lower membrane module 5 cannot be sufficiently backwashed even if normal backwashing is performed. That is, since the channel 8 of the upper membrane module 4 and the channel 8 of the lower membrane module 5 communicate with each other, a larger hydrostatic pressure (head) acts on the channel 8 of the lower membrane module 5. Backwashing is an operation of flowing backwash water from the secondary side of the membrane to the primary side (channel 8 side), so the backwash water mainly flows into the upper membrane module 4 where the water pressure on the primary side is low, and the lower membrane module. Only a small amount flows through 5, and backwashing cannot be performed well.

この問題を解決するために、本発明では上段よりも下段の逆洗水量が多くなるように流量調節された逆洗手段が設けられる。この実施形態では、加圧水槽１５からの逆洗水を処理水排出管１１、１２に供給する部分にそれぞれ流量制御弁１８、１９を設け、下段の処理水排出管１４に供給される逆洗水量をより多くする。例えば上段が３０ｍ/ｄであれば下段は３５ｍ/ｄとする。このように上段よりも下段の逆洗水量が多くなるように流量調節された逆洗を行えば、静水圧差があってもほぼ均等な逆洗が可能となる。   In order to solve this problem, in the present invention, backwashing means whose flow rate is adjusted so that the amount of backwash water in the lower stage is larger than that in the upper stage is provided. In this embodiment, the flow control valves 18 and 19 are provided in the portions where the backwash water from the pressurized water tank 15 is supplied to the treated water discharge pipes 11 and 12, respectively, and the backwash water amount supplied to the lower treated water discharge pipe 14 To make more. For example, if the upper stage is 30 m / d, the lower stage is 35 m / d. Thus, if backwashing is performed with the flow rate adjusted so that the amount of backwashing water in the lower stage is larger than that in the upper stage, evenly backwashing is possible even if there is a difference in hydrostatic pressure.

なお逆洗手段の形態は上記のものに限定されるものではなく、例えば管径の異なる逆洗用配管２０、２１を用いることもできる。この場合には下段用の逆洗用配管２１を上段用の逆洗用配管２０よりも太くしておき、管路抵抗の差を利用して上段よりも下段の逆洗水量が多くなるように流量調節する。また、加圧水槽１５の代わりにポンプを使用しても良い。   The form of the backwashing means is not limited to the above, and for example, backwashing pipes 20 and 21 having different pipe diameters can be used. In this case, the lower-stage backwash pipe 21 is made thicker than the upper-stage backwash pipe 20 so that the amount of backwash water in the lower stage is larger than that in the upper stage by utilizing the difference in pipe resistance. Adjust the flow rate. A pump may be used instead of the pressurized water tank 15.

さらに図３に示す実施形態のように、加圧水槽１５を複数個設け、それらに加えられる空気圧を変えて、下段用の逆洗圧力を上段用の逆洗圧力よりも高く設定するようにしてもよい。また、同じ加圧水槽１５にて下段用の逆洗圧力と上段用の逆洗圧力を変えて逆洗しても良い。   Further, as in the embodiment shown in FIG. 3, a plurality of pressurized water tanks 15 are provided, and the air pressure applied to them is changed so that the lower backwash pressure is set higher than the upper backwash pressure. Good. Further, the backwashing pressure for the lower stage and the backwashing pressure for the upper stage may be changed in the same pressurized water tank 15 for backwashing.

以上の説明は逆洗水による逆洗について行ったが、下段の膜モジュール５の下部から空気配管２２によりチャンネル１２内に空気を供給し、気液混相流を膜モジュール４、５の一次側に流すことにより逆洗効果を高めることもできる。前記したように上段の膜モジュール４と下段の膜モジュール５とを垂直配管６により同一直線上にあるように直列に接続しておけば、下段の膜モジュール５の下部から供給された空気気泡が途中で滞留することなく垂直に上段の膜モジュール４内を上昇し、逆洗効果が高まることとなる。   The above description has been made on backwashing with backwashing water, but air is supplied into the channel 12 from the lower part of the lower membrane module 5 through the air pipe 22, and the gas-liquid mixed phase flow is transferred to the primary side of the membrane modules 4 and 5. The backwashing effect can be enhanced by flowing. If the upper membrane module 4 and the lower membrane module 5 are connected in series so as to be on the same straight line by the vertical pipe 6 as described above, air bubbles supplied from the lower part of the lower membrane module 5 The inside of the upper membrane module 4 is raised vertically without staying in the middle, and the backwashing effect is enhanced.

図２の実験装置を用いて、膜ろ過流束２．０ｍ／ｄにて連続膜ろ過運転の実験を行った。原水は下水、生物処理槽は硝化液循環型反応槽を用い、MLSSは約１００００ｍｇ／Lで運転した。膜は１ｍ長さ、3ｃｍ径、膜孔径０．１μｍのセラミック膜を２本上下直列に並べた。逆洗時の流量は流量調整無しが上段・下段とも３０ｍ／ｄ、流量調整有りの場合、上段が３０ｍ／ｄ、下段が３５ｍ／ｄとした。表１に結果を示す。
表１より流量調整が有る場合は、膜差圧は初期と３０日後でほとんど変化無かった。しかし、流量調整が無い場合は、膜差圧は３０日後には８５ｋPaと大幅に上昇し、膜ろ過に影響が出ていた。 Using the experimental apparatus shown in FIG. 2, the continuous membrane filtration operation was conducted at a membrane filtration flux of 2.0 m / d. The raw water was sewage, the biological treatment tank was a nitrification liquid circulation reactor, and the MLSS was operated at about 10,000 mg / L. Two ceramic films having a length of 1 m, a diameter of 3 cm, and a pore diameter of 0.1 μm were arranged in series in the vertical direction. The flow rate during backwashing was 30 m / d for the upper and lower stages without flow rate adjustment, and 30 m / d for the upper stage and 35 m / d for the lower stage when the flow rate was adjusted. Table 1 shows the results.
From Table 1, when the flow rate was adjusted, the membrane pressure difference was almost unchanged after 30 days. However, in the absence of flow rate adjustment, the membrane differential pressure increased significantly to 85 kPa after 30 days, affecting membrane filtration.

Figure 0004568677
Figure 0004568677

従来の膜分離活性汚泥処理設備を示すフロー図である。It is a flowchart which shows the conventional membrane separation activated sludge processing equipment. 本発明の実施形態を示すフロー図である。It is a flowchart which shows embodiment of this invention. 本発明の他の実施形態を示すフロー図である。It is a flowchart which shows other embodiment of this invention.

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

１ 生物処理槽
２ 分離膜
３ 散気手段
４ 上段の膜モジュール
５ 下段の膜モジュール
６ 垂直配管
７ モノリス型セラミック膜
８ チャンネル
９ 循環ポンプ
１０ 下部ヘッダ管
１１ 処理水排出管
１２ 処理水排出管
１３ 上部ヘッダ
１４ 返送配管
１５ 加圧水槽
１６ バルブ
１７ バルブ
１８ 流量制御弁
１９ 流量制御弁
２０ 逆洗用配管
２１ 逆洗用配管
２２ 空気配管 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Biological treatment tank 2 Separation membrane 3 Aeration means 4 Upper membrane module 5 Lower membrane module 6 Vertical piping 7 Monolith type ceramic membrane 8 Channel 9 Circulation pump 10 Lower header pipe 11 Treated water discharge pipe 12 Treated water discharge pipe 13 Upper part Header 14 Return pipe 15 Pressurized water tank 16 Valve 17 Valve 18 Flow control valve 19 Flow control valve 20 Backwash pipe 21 Backwash pipe 22 Air pipe

Claims (6)

生物処理槽の外部に、その槽内水を循環ろ過する膜モジュールを上下方向に複数段直列に設置するとともに、各段の膜モジュールの二次側に、上段よりも下段の逆洗水量が多くまたは圧力を高くなるように流量調節された逆洗手段を設けたことを特徴とする膜分離活性汚泥処理設備。   Membrane modules that circulate and filter the water in the tank are installed in series in the vertical direction outside the biological treatment tank, and the amount of backwash water in the lower stage is higher than the upper stage on the secondary side of each stage membrane module. Alternatively, a membrane separation activated sludge treatment facility provided with backwashing means whose flow rate is adjusted to increase the pressure. 逆洗手段が、加圧水槽またはポンプと流量制御弁とにより構成されることを特徴とする請求項１記載の膜分離活性汚泥処理設備。   2. The membrane separation activated sludge treatment facility according to claim 1, wherein the backwashing means comprises a pressurized water tank or a pump and a flow rate control valve. 逆洗手段が、加圧水槽またはポンプと管径の異なる逆洗用配管により構成されることを特徴とする請求項１記載の膜分離活性汚泥処理設備。   The membrane separation activated sludge treatment facility according to claim 1, wherein the backwashing means is constituted by a backwashing pipe having a pipe diameter different from that of the pressurized water tank or the pump. 上下方向に複数段直列に設置された膜モジュールが、同一直線上にあることを特徴とする請求項１記載の膜分離活性汚泥処理設備。   The membrane separation activated sludge treatment facility according to claim 1, wherein the membrane modules installed in a plurality of stages in series in the vertical direction are on the same straight line. 各段が並列接続された複数の膜モジュールにより構成されることを特徴とする請求項１記載の膜分離活性汚泥処理設備。   The membrane separation activated sludge treatment facility according to claim 1, wherein each stage is constituted by a plurality of membrane modules connected in parallel. 膜モジュールがモノリス型セラミック膜を備えたものであることを特徴とする請求項１記載の膜分離活性汚泥処理設備。   The membrane separation activated sludge treatment facility according to claim 1, wherein the membrane module comprises a monolithic ceramic membrane.
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