JP4539931B2

JP4539931B2 - Vegetable harvesting machine

Info

Publication number: JP4539931B2
Application number: JP2000007590A
Authority: JP
Inventors: 章人渡邊; 幹夫松井
Original assignee: Yanmar Co Ltd
Current assignee: Yanmar Co Ltd
Priority date: 2000-01-17
Filing date: 2000-01-17
Publication date: 2010-09-08
Anticipated expiration: 2020-01-17
Also published as: JP2001197814A

Description

【０００１】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、マルチ栽培された玉葱や蕪等の根菜類でも収穫し得るものとした野菜収穫機に関する。
【０００２】
【従来の技術】
隣接した左右の野菜条列の茎葉部を一緒に挟持して斜め後上方へ搬送すると共にこの搬送中に左右の野菜条列の根部を地中から同時に引き抜くものとした挟持搬送装置と、このように引き抜かれた後の２条分の野菜の茎葉部の下部を前記挟持搬送装置による搬送中に上下に切り離すものとした茎葉切断装置とを備えた野菜収穫機で、マルチフィルムで被われてない畝で栽培された、所謂、無マルチ栽培の玉葱等を収穫するものは存在している。
【０００３】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
従来の収穫機では、マルチフィルムで被われた畝で栽培された、所謂、マルチ栽培の玉葱等を収穫することは予定していないのであり、この収穫機を使用してマルチ栽培された玉葱を収穫すると、玉葱の根部を被ったマルチフィルムが茎葉部の切断機構周辺等に絡み付いて直ちに収穫不能となってしまうのである。
【０００４】
本発明はこのような問題点を解消せんとするもので、即ち、マルチ栽培された玉葱等を抜き上げて茎葉部を切断分離させる処理を機械的且つ円滑に行うものとした野菜収穫機を提供すると共に、この収穫機に使用される茎葉誘導案内体を提供することを目的とする。
【０００５】
【課題を解決するための手段】
上記目的を達成するため、請求項１に記載した発明では、隣接した左右の野菜条列の茎葉部を一緒に挟持して斜め後上方へ搬送すると共にこの搬送中に左右の野菜条列の根部を地中から同時に引き抜くものとした挟持搬送装置と、このように引き抜かれた後の２条分の野菜の茎葉部の下部を前記挟持搬送装置による搬送中に上下に切り離すものとした茎葉切断装置とを備えた野菜収穫機であって、前記茎葉切断装置を、各条列の野菜の茎葉部を各条列に分別した状態で後向き特定傾斜方向へ案内する左右一対の誘導案内路(を備えた茎葉誘導案内体と、これら誘導案内路内を移動されている２条分の茎葉部を切断するカッタとで形成し、この際、前記茎葉誘導案内体の左右一対の誘導案内路は後方へ向かうに伴って漸次に離反させるように配置した野菜収穫機において、前記茎葉誘導案内体を、車両フレームに支持される一枚の板部材に左右一対の誘導案内路を形成した構成にして設けた野菜収穫機にしている。
【０００６】
この発明によれば、カッタと地面との間には誘導案内路が存在するのみとなってカッタは地面に近接されるものとなり、従って玉葱等はその収穫時に高い位置まで上昇させないで済み、このことがマルチフィルムで被われた玉葱等の抜き上げや茎葉切断処理を可能となす。そして、各誘導案内路がその対応する一つの条列の茎葉部を特定方向へ案内するため、茎葉部は挟持搬送装置の搬送作用との関係で緊張状態となされてその姿勢を正確に画一化され予定高さ位置をカッタにより正確に切断される。そして左右一対の誘導案内路は後方へ向かう程、離反しているため、誘導案内路の前端では挟持搬送装置で同時に挟持された２条分の茎葉部が誘導案内路周辺部材と無駄な衝突を起こすことなくその対応する誘導案内路内に送り込まれ、一方、誘導案内路の後端寄り位置では２条分の茎葉部が左右の誘導案内路の案内作用により各条列毎に左右に大きく２分されて左右の各条列間の根部の衝突や接触を阻止する。この際の衝突や接触の阻止は根部の損傷防止や、カッタによる茎葉部の切断処理の精度を向上させる上で寄与する。また、誘導案内路が上下寸法の小さいものとなり、また構造簡易でしかも水平方向の剛性の大きいものとなる。
【０００７】
また、請求項２に記載した発明では、茎葉誘導案内体である一枚の板部材に左右一対の切欠溝を平面視後拡がりのハ字状配置に形成し、これら切欠溝の左右側縁近傍の板部材下面箇所に合成樹脂材からなる摺らし板を付設した構成にしている。これによれば、請求項1のものが奏する効果に加え、茎葉部が誘導案内路を後方移動する際、合成樹脂からなる摺らし板がその軟らかさや、摩擦係数の低さにより、玉葱等の品質を損ねることなく玉葱等の根部の上面に当接し、その後方移動を円滑となす。また合成樹脂が摩耗したとき、その交換が容易に行えるものとなり、また、根部の接する範囲の摺らし板のエッジは、その材質が合成樹脂であるが故に容易に円弧状に加工されるのであり、また合成樹脂の摺らし板は軽量化に寄与するものである。
【０００８】
なお、本発明を実施するにあたっては、茎葉切断装置のカッタの上側近傍箇所に前記左右の誘導案内路内を移動される茎葉部の下部に後向き送り力を付与するものとした茎葉下部補助送り装置を設けるのがよく、このように構成することにより、各誘導案内路に茎葉部を案内されて後方へ移動する玉葱等が誘導案内路との間の抵抗で後方移動を妨げられる傾向となっても、茎葉下部補助送り装置がその茎葉部に送り力を付与してその後方への移動を適当速度で確実に行わせ、茎葉切断処理の精度を向上させる。
【０００９】
さらに、左右一対の誘導案内路を後方へ向かうに伴って漸次に離反させるように配置し、また分草装置の巾中央箇所と左右一対の誘導案内路の前端間中央箇所とを前部が地面に近接し後部が後上がり状となされた茎葉下部分草部材で結合した構成となすのがよく、このように構成することにより、分草装置が左右で隣接した２条分の野菜条列の茎葉部を起立状態となして挟持搬送装置に挟持させ、その後の野菜処理の精度を向上させる。そして、抜き上げられた各条列の玉葱等が誘導案内路に達するまで、茎葉下部分草部材がそれら玉葱等を各条列単位の左右に分別した状態を確実に保持し、また茎葉下部分草部材の前端部が分草装置に固定されるため、茎葉下部分草部材の装着構造が簡易で剛性の大きいものとなる。
【００１０】
また、カッタの近傍となる箇所に、誘導案内路に案内された茎葉部をその切断時に受け止めるための茎葉受け部材を設けた構成となすのがよく、このように構成することにより、誘導案内路内の茎葉部がカッタによる切断時にその回転方向へ逃げるのを、茎葉受け部材が受け止めてその茎葉部の切断の性能及び精度を向上させる。
【００１２】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、本発明の一実施例を説明する。図１は本発明に係る野菜収穫機の側面図、図２は前記収穫機の平面図、図３は前記収穫機の正面図、図４は前記収穫機の動力系統図、図５は前記収穫機の縦向き引起こし装置の下部を示す側面視作用説明図、図６は前記縦向き引起こし装置のタイン関連部に係り、Ａは図５のｘ−ｘ部を示す図で、ＢはＡの側面図、図７は前記収穫機の側面視説明図、図８は前記収穫機の茎葉切断装置周辺を示す平面図、図９は前記収穫機の左右端側のフィルム案内押さえ棒周辺を示す側面図、図１０は前記収穫機の中央のフィルム案内押さえ棒周辺を示す側面図、図１１は前記収穫機の茎葉誘導案内体の周辺を示す平面図、図１２は前記収穫機のフィルム案内押さえ棒の作用状況を示す正面図、図１３は前記収穫機によるマルチフィルムの処理状況を示す平面図である。
【００１３】
図１〜図３に示すように、本発明に係る野菜収穫機は分草装置１、掻込み装置２、挟持搬送装置３及び茎葉切断装置４を具備した野菜処理部Ａと、この野菜処理部Ａの各部を支持した走行車両部Ｂからなっている。
【００１４】
先ず、分草装置１について図１〜図６を参照して説明すると、次のとおりである。即ち、３つの縦向き引起こし装置５が機体左右方向の一定間隔配置で設けてある。各縦向き引起こし装置５は特定縦面上に沿わせた楕円軌道上を周回移動される無端状のチェーン６を備え、このチェーン６の一定間隔箇所のそれぞれに樹脂一体成形品となされたタイン７を結合リンク８及び支点軸９を介して起伏変位自在に装着したものとなされている。このチェーン６の上下部は装置フレーム５ａに軸着されたスプロケット１０ａ、１０ｂに掛け回されている。
【００１５】
各タイン７は装置フレーム５ａの後縁ａをチェーン６と共に下降する期間中、倒伏姿勢となり、最下位置ｐ近傍に達したとき、図示しないガイド部の案内作用で起立変位を開始し、最下位置ｐでは完全な起立姿勢となってスプロケット１０ｂ回りの円弧ｂを描いて前上方へ向けて移動され、続いてガイド部１１の案内作用で起立姿勢を保持されつつ装置フレーム５ａの前縁ｃに沿って斜め後上方へ移動され、最上位置近傍に達したとき、倒伏変位を開始し、スプロケット１０ａ回りを移動しつつ完全な倒伏姿勢となった後、再び装置フレーム５ａの後縁ａに沿って下降するものとなされている。
【００１６】
各タイン７には弾性変形可能なようにゴム材若しくはゴム相当材で形成されたタインキャップ体１２が延長状且つ外嵌状に係着してある。この際、タインキャップ体１２の内面には２つの突起１２ａ、１２ｂが設けてあり、タインキャップ体１２の係着状態では前記突起１２ａ、１２ｂがタイン７のリブ７ａ、７ｂに係止される。
【００１７】
本例では全てのタイン７にタインキャップ体１２を係着し、しかも何れのタインキャップ体１２も同一大きさとなされているが、これに限定するものではなく、例え
ば、多数のタイン７の一個置き若しくは複数個置きにタインキャップ体１２を係着したり、また多数のタインキャップ体１２を長短に変化させて配置したり、また多数のタインキャップ体１２を比較的硬いものと比較的軟らかいものとの複数種類となして配列することも差し支えない。
【００１８】
図２に示すように、掻込み装置２は左右一対の横向き掻込み要部１３、１３からなるもので、各掻込み要部１３の係止突起１３ａを掻込み装置２の先端部外方からこの装置２の中央箇所へ向けて周回移動させ、続いて斜め上方へ移動させることにより、縦向き引起こし装置５の引き起こした茎葉部ｗ１をこの装置２の下部中央へ掻き込んで斜め上方へ押し上げる構成となしてある。
【００１９】
挟持搬送装置３は左右一対の横向き挟持搬送要部１４、１４を備えており、各挟持搬送要部14は前後配置された一対のプーリに搬送ベルト１５を掛け回して形成したものであり、この際、これら要部１３、１３の搬送ベルト１５、１５を対向状に配置して搬送ベルト１５、１５間を分草装置１の巾中央に合致させ、これを挟持搬送経路ｋとなすと共に、この搬送経路ｋで搬送ベルト１５、１５が後方へ移動するものとなす。
【００２０】
この挟持搬送装置３は、掻込み装置２の掻き込んだ茎葉部ｗ１の比較的上部を挟持搬送経路ｋの搬送始端に受け取り、続いて搬送ベルト１５で挟持して斜め後上方へ搬送し、この搬送過程で、図７等に示す掘起こし刃１６がこの搬送に先行して膨軟とした畝Ｕ上の根部ｗ２を土中から引き抜く構成となしてある。挟持搬送装置３の後部にはこの搬送装置３の搬送した茎葉部ｗ１を受け継いで畝間溝ｎ内へ落下させるものとした茎葉放出装置３ａが設けてあり、また機体特定位置にはこの茎葉放出装置３ａから放出された茎葉部ｗ１を地面に導くためのゴム板等からなる茎葉放出ガイド３ｂが吊設されている。
【００２１】
搬送ベルト１５、１５の下方には図７及び図８に示すように茎葉下部補助送り装置１７が設けてある。この下部補助送り装置１７は左右一対の下部送り要部１７ａ、１７ａからなり、これの送り方向の上り傾斜は挟持搬送装置３のそれよりも緩やかになすと共に、前後一対の端部プーリに多数の突起１８ａの列設された無端状の下部送りベルト１８を掛け回して形成する。この際、一対の下部送りベルト１８、１８は対向させ、これらベルト１８、１８間を茎葉下部の送り経路ｋ１となすと共に、この送り経路ｋでこれらベルト１８、１８が後方へ移動するものとなす。
【００２２】
図３、図７、図８及び、図９〜図１２等に示すように、茎葉切断装置４は挟持搬送装置３の前部下方で茎葉下部補助送り装置１７の下側近傍に設けてあって、茎葉下部補助送り装置１７に概ね沿わせた茎葉誘導案内体１９と、この茎葉誘導案内体１９の後部上側に水平向きに装着したカッタ２０とを備えてなる。
【００２３】
この際、茎葉誘導案内体１９は、隣接した左右の野菜条列Ｒ１、Ｒ２の茎葉部ｗ１、ｗ１が上下方向へ通過するようになされ且つその根部ｗ２、ｗ２が上方へ通り抜けることのできない程度の巾を有する二つの誘導案内路１９ｂ、１９ｂを形成したものとなすのであって、さらに具体的には一枚の板部材に左右一対の切欠溝ｋｍ、ｋｍを平面視後拡がりのハ字状配置に形成し、これら切欠溝ｋｍ、ｋｍの左右側縁近傍の板部材下面箇所に合成樹脂材又はその相当品からなる摺らし板１９ａ、１９ａ、１９ａ（図１１中に仮想線で示す）を付設した構成となす。
【００２４】
この際、各誘導案内路１９ｂの巾b1は凡そ２５ｍｍ〜４０ｍｍ程度となす。この巾b1が小さすぎると、茎葉部ｗ１の後方への円滑な案内作用が得られず、逆に広すぎると、正確な案内作用が得られないほか、根部の過度な持ち上がりが生じるのである。
【００２５】
また左右一対の各誘導案内路１９ｂ、１９ｂの左右の前後向き側縁のうち他方の誘導案内路１９ｂの存在する側である前後向き側縁ｂ２、ｂ２間の誘導案内路１９ｂ、１９ｂ前端位置での距離Ｌ３は実際上３０ｍｍ〜４０ｍｍ程度となされる。しかし、これに限定するものではなく、この距離Ｌ３の上限は８０ｍｍ程度となすのがよく、これよりも大きくすると、挟持搬送装置３が左右の条列Ｒ１、Ｒ２の茎葉部ｗ１、ｗ１を茎葉挟持開始位置で挟持するとき、左右の条列Ｒ１、Ｒ２の茎葉部ｗ１、ｗ１はその挟持作用により近接されるが、このとき左右の条列Ｒ１、Ｒ２の玉葱ｗ、ｗ等が左右一対の誘導案内路１９ｂ、１９ｂの相互間部位ｐ１と無駄な衝突を繰り返すものとなる。そして、この距離Ｌ３の下限は特に存在しないのであって、左右の誘導案内路１９ｂ、１９ｂが区分され適当の強度が得られれば殆どゼロであっても差し支えないものである。
【００２６】
一方、左右一対の各誘導案内路１９ｂ、１９ｂのカッタ２０の切断位置での巾中心間距離Ｌ２は凡そ１００ｍｍ〜１３０ｍｍ程度となされる。ここで、この距離Ｌ２が１３０ｍｍよりも大きいと、装置の大型化を招いたり茎葉部ｗ１の切断時の垂直線に対するその横傾斜が過度に大きくなってその切断精度が損なわれるようになり、一方この距離Ｌ２が１００ｍｍよりも小さくなると、左右条列Ｒ１、Ｒ２の根部Ｗ２、ｗ２の衝突や接触が生じ易くなり、それぞれの玉葱ｗ、ｗ等の姿勢がまちまちとなってその切断精度が損なわれ、根部の損傷が生じるようになる。
【００２７】
カッタ２０は図示例では外周縁に鋸刃を形成された円盤刃となすと共に、縦軸２０ａ回りの矢印方向ｓへ回転駆動され、前記誘導案内路１９ｂ、１９ｂの最後部へ向かう茎葉部ｗ１をその下部で根部ｗ２から切り離すものとなす。
【００２８】
このカッタ２０はこれの支持位置を斜め後上方へ位置変更操作し得るものとした図示しない支持手段を介して固定され、この支持手段の位置変更によりその高さを変化させて茎葉部ｗ１の切断位置を調整するものとなされている。このカッタ２０の高さは例えば、玉葱ｗが早生種の場合は根部ｗ２側に２．５ｃｍ〜３．５ｃｍ程度の長さの茎葉部ｗ１が残るように決定され、また玉葱ｗを掛け吊り貯蔵するときは２０ｃｍ程度の茎葉部ｗ１が根部ｗ２側に残るように決定され、またコンテナ貯蔵するときは８ｃｍ〜１０ｃｍ程度の茎葉部ｗ１が根部ｗ２側に残るように決定される。
【００２９】
さらに、平面視で一つの誘導案内路１９ｂの巾内に位置するカッタ２０の外周縁の回転方向が斜め後方へ向かうものとなるその誘導案内路１９ｂの上側箇所でカッタ２０の近傍となる箇所には、この案内路１９ｂに案内された茎葉部ｗ１をその切断時に受け止めるための茎葉受け部材ｋｓを設ける。図示例ではこの茎葉受け部材ｋｓは支持部ｋｓ１を介して茎葉誘導案内体１９と同体状にボルト固定されている。上記カッタ２０の形式は適宜に変更して差し支えないもので、例えば、円盤刃を縦軸２０ａ回りの左右へ繰り返し揺動させるものとか、バリカン刃等となすこともできる。
【００３０】
前記掘起こし刃１６は土中を進むものとした水平状の刃部１６ａとこの刃部１６ａを支持する縦向きアーム部１６ｂとを備えたもので、挟持搬送装置３の搬送始端下方にその刃部１６ａが位置するように配置され、縦向きアーム部１６ｂの長さ途中を横向き軸２１を介して機体固定部（車両フレーム２２）に支持させてある。この掘起こし刃１６は動力により横向き軸２１回りへ揺動される構成となし、また縦向きアーム部１６ｂは収穫中の野菜ｗの条列Ｒ１、Ｒ２とこれらの条列に隣接した未収穫野菜ｗの条列Ｒ３との間に位置させると共に、刃部１６ａは収穫中の２条分の野菜ｗの条列Ｒ１、Ｒ２の下方の土を同時に膨軟化させるものとなす。
【００３１】
上記縦向きアーム部１６ｂの一部で前記横向き軸２１よりも下方箇所には図示しない支持手段を形成し、この支持手段を介して円盤状の切刃体２３が側面を前後方向の縦向きとなされ回転自在に装着されている。この切刃体２３は外周囲を先鋭状の鋸刃となされる。
【００３２】
図１〜図３、図８、図９、図１０及び図１３に示すように上記分草装置１の各縦向き引起こし装置５の下端部近傍には畝Ｕを被ったマルチフィルムｍを案内し押さえるためのフィルム案内押さえ棒２４ａ、２４ｂ、２４ｃが設けてある。これらフィルム案内押さえ棒２４ａ、２４ｂ、２４ｃは収穫している野菜条列Ｒ１、Ｒ２の左右両側部の畝Ｕを被っているマルチフィルムｍ部分を各縦向き引起こし装置５の下端部から挟持搬送装置３の茎葉挟持開始位置までの間でのみ地面に近接させるように押圧するものとなしてある。
【００３３】
左右端側のフィルム案内押さえ棒２４ａ、２４ｂは左右対称構造になしてあって、最右端側のものについて説明すると、図９に示すように縦向き引起こし装置５の装置フレーム５ａに縦向き支持板ｅを長孔と固定ボルトにより高さ変更調整自在に固定し、この支持板ｅの下端部からフィルム案内押さえ棒２４ａを後方へ向けて延出させている。
図９中、仮想線ｋａは縦向き支持板ｅの位置をその長孔の範囲内で下方へ移動させてフィルム案内押さえ棒２４ａの高さを下げた状態を示す。
【００３４】
フィルム案内押さえ棒２４ａ、２４ｂは機体進行中にマルチフィルムｍを円滑にこれの後部下面側へ案内させるため前部を前上がりの円弧状部ｇ１となし、且つ、タイン７及びタインキャップ１２による茎葉部ｗ１の掬い上げを安定的となすため、この円弧状部ｇ１を、タインキャップ１２の先部がマルチフィルムｍを下方へ押圧する範囲近傍に位置させると共に、最下部ｇ２をなす直状部を、タインキャップ１２の先部がマルチフィルムｍの押圧を開始する箇所に位置させている。そして、左右何れのフィルム案内押さえ棒２４ａ、２４ｂの後端部ｇ３もマルチフィルムｍとの局部的な接触を避けるため後方へ向け反り上げるようになされている。この際、フィルム案内押さえ棒２４ａの後端は挟持搬送装置３の茎葉挟持開始位置よりも前方でしかも切刃体２３の前縁の側方近傍に位置させて切刃体２３によるマルチフィルムｍの分断を的確に行えるようになし、またフィルム案内押さえ棒２４ｂの後端は挟持搬送装置３の茎葉挟持開始位置よりも前方であればよいのであるが、構造の対称性を確保するためフィルム案内押さえ棒２４ａの後端と同一の前後位置となす。
【００３５】
中央のフィルム案内押さえ棒２４ｃは茎葉下部分草部材と兼用するもので、図１０に示すように縦向き引起こし装置５の装置フレーム５ａに縦向き支持板ｅ１をボルトにより固定し、この支持板ｅ１の下端部から後方へ向けて延出させ、その後端を茎葉誘導案内体１９の左右の誘導案内路１９ｂ、１９ｂの前端の相互間部位ｐ１にボルト固定している。このフィルム案内押さえ棒２４ｃは前記フィルム案内押さえ棒２４ａの場合に準じてマルチフィルムｍを地面に近接させるように押さえる最下部ｇｋ２と、この最下部ｇｋ２の前方に連続して形成された前上がり状の円弧状部ｇｋ１とを有し、最下部ｇｋ２の後方に連続して最下部ｇｋ２と概略同一高さで後方へ向かわせた最下部延長部ｇ４とを備えるほか、最下部ｇｋ２又は最下部延長部ｇ４から斜め後上方へ向かうものとした傾斜部ｇｋ３を有するものとなされる。そして、主要棒部材ｈの長さ途中からは横側分岐棒ｇ５を斜め後下方且つ横方へ向かわせ続いて最下部ｇｋ２と概略同一高さで後方へ向かわせている。この際、円弧状部ｇｋ１、最下部ｇｋ２、最下部延長部ｇ４及び横側分岐棒ｇ５が主にフィルム案内押さえ機能を発揮し、また傾斜部ｇｋ３が主に茎葉下部分草機能を発揮する。
【００３６】
上記フィルム案内押さえ棒２４ａ、２４ｂ、２４ｃのそれぞれの縦向き支持板ｅ、ｅ１にはその対応する円弧状部ｇ１、ｇｋ１に関連させて図９、図１０に示すような円形フィルム案内体２４１を横向き軸２４２回りの回転自在に設け、この円形フィルム案内体２４１が機体の進行中に円弧状部ｇ１、ｇｋ１に先んじてマルチフィルムｍに接して回転しつつこれを下方へ押さえ込むようになしてある。この円形フィルム案内体２４１は必ず設けなければならないものではなく省略しても差し支えないものである。
【００３７】
図７、図８及び図１３に示すように、茎葉切断装置４の後方にはマルチ集束機構が形成してある。このマルチ集束機構は走行車両部Ｂの左側部分に装着された三角枠状の集束ロッド２５と、このロッド２５より後方で茎葉切断装置４の真後ろの特定位置に設けられた集束ローラ２６とを備えている。
【００３８】
集束ロッド２５は機体の進行中、これの対応する畝肩部を被覆したマルチフィルムｍと畝肩部をなす土面との間に進入してマルチフィルムｍを連続的に畝肩部から剥がすものであり、また集束ローラ２６は集束ロッド２５で剥がされ切刃体２３で巾方向を二分されたマルチフィルムｍをその巾が漸次狭まるように支持し機体の進行に伴って後方へ狭巾状となして送り出し、収穫跡の畝Ｕ上に降下させるものである。
【００３９】
図１〜図３に示すように、走行車両部Ｂは左右一対の走行車輪２７、２７、これに支持される車両フレーム２２、この車両フレーム２２の前部を支持するためのゲージ輪２８、車両フレーム２２の後部に固定されたエンジン２９、及び、エンジン２９の後方へ張り出させた操縦ハンドル３０を備えている。
【００４０】
エンジン２９の下部寄り側部にミッション３１が設けられ、このミッション３１及びエンジン２９の下側に左右向きの伝動ケース３２が設けられている。この際、伝動ケース３２のゲージ輪２８側でない側の一部箇所を左右方向の伸縮可能部３３となし、この伸縮可能部３３を伸縮させるための操作機構３４を設ける。そして、伝動ケース３２の両端部にはファイナルケース３５、３５が設けてあり、このファイナルケース３５の先端部に走行車輪２７、２７が装着されている。
【００４１】
ゲージ輪２８は車両フレーム２２と同体に固定された傾斜状支持筒部３６の下端に回転自在に軸着されており、傾斜状支持筒部３６の上部と操縦ハンドル３０との間に回転操作ハンドル３７が架設されている。このハンドル３７の回転操作により傾斜状支持筒部３６の長さが変化して、車両フレーム２２に対するゲージ輪２８の高さが変化されるものとなされている。
【００４２】
エンジン２９の動力伝達系統は次のようになされている。即ち、図４に示すように、エンジン２９の回転をミッション３１に伝達させ、次にミッション３１から左右向きの伝動ケース３２、ファイナルケース３５、３５及び操向クラッチ３８、３８を経て走行車輪２７、２７に伝達させる。
【００４３】
ミッション３１内の前部では前後向きの作業出力軸３９とエンジン２９動力の伝動系統とを結合させる。そして作業出力軸３９にはベベルギヤ４０を介して横向き駆動軸４１を連動連結させる。
【００４４】
上記横向き駆動軸４１の右端部にはクランク４２を形成する。また横向き駆動軸４１の中央にはウオーム４３を設け、これに噛み合わさせたウオームホイール４４を介して、横向き駆動軸４１と挟持搬送装置３用の駆動軸４５とを連動連結させる。
【００４５】
この駆動軸４５は各挟持搬送要部１４の後側のプーリの中心軸４６、４６にチェーン伝動機構等を介して結合させ、また中心軸４６の回転が搬送ベルト１５を介して伝達される前側のプーリの中心軸４７を、掻込み装置２と茎葉下部補助送り装置１７のそれぞれにおける後側のプーリの中心軸４８、４８に連動連結させる。
【００４６】
横向き駆動軸４１の右端部からは前後向き伝動筒ケース４９を延出させ、この伝動筒ケース４９内の前後向き駆動軸５０の後端と前記横向き駆動軸４１をベベルギヤ５１を介して結合させ、また前後向き駆動軸４１の前端と、縦向き引起こし装置５のタイン７を作動させるための上部スプロケット軸５２とをベベルギヤ５３を介して結合させる。
【００４７】
また横向き駆動軸４１のクランク４２に前後向き連結ロッド５４の一端を結合させると共に、このロッド５４の他端を掘起こし刃１６の縦向き支持アーム部１６ｂの上端に結合させ、クランク４２による連結ロッド５４の前後変位が掘起こし刃１６に伝達されるようになす。
【００４８】
さらに横向き駆動軸４１の適当箇所にベベルギヤ５５を設け、このベベルギヤ５５からスプライン結合による伸縮可能な前後向き回転軸５６を延出させ、この回転軸５６をユニバーサルジョイントによる折れ曲がり変位可能でスプライン結合による伸縮可能な伝動軸５７や、特定位置に固定された伝動ケース５８を介して円盤カッタ２０の回転中心軸に連動連結させる。ここに、前後向き回転軸５６は機体の左右何れの側に配置しても差し支えないものである。
【００４９】
次に、上記のように構成した収穫機を使用して、マルチフィルムｍで被われた畝Ｕ上に植生した野菜ｗの一種である玉葱を収穫する際の作動について説明する。図１〜図３に示すように機体を畝Ｕの長手方向に沿わせ、左右の走行車輪２７、２７を一つの畝Ｕの左右の畝間溝ｎに位置させ、機体が畝Ｕを跨いだ状態とする。次に必要に応じて回転操作ハンドル３７を回転操作してゲージ輪２８を機体に対し上方へ変位させ、分草装置１、掻込み装置２、掘起こし刃１６、切刃体２３、円盤カッタ２０及び挟持搬送装置３を玉葱ｗの収穫処理に最適な高さとする。これにより、フィルム案内押さえ棒２４ａ、２４ｂ、２４ｃは収穫すべき２条分の野菜条列Ｒ１、Ｒ２の左右両側に位置し、縦向き引起こし装置５の下端部から挟持搬送装置３の茎葉挟持開始位置までの間で畝Ｕを被ったマルチフィルムｍをその最下部ｇ２、ｇｋ２で地面に近接させるように押さえ付けた状態となる。また各縦向き引起こし装置５のタイン７及びタインキャップ体１２はその移動軌跡の最下位置で畝Ｕを被ったマルチフィルムｍ上面に接し地面を押圧する状態となる。
【００５０】
この後、各部を作動状態として機体を走行させる。機体の前進時、フィルム案内押さえ棒２４ａ、２４ｂ、２４ｃはマルチフィルムｍ上を前進するのであって、この進行中、円形フィルム案内体２４１や円弧状部ｇ１、ｇｋ１の存在によりフィルム案内押さえ棒２４ａ、２４ｂ、２４ｃがマルチフィルムｍに引っ掛かったりそれを突き破ったりすることは生じず、各縦向き引起こし装置５の下端部から挟持搬送装置３の茎葉挟持開始位置までの間で畝Ｕを被ったマルチフィルムｍ部分を常に安定的に地面に近接させる。この一方では各縦向き引起こし装置５のタイン７及びタインキャップ体１２がその移動軌跡の最下位置近傍に達し次々と起立姿勢となってフィルム案内押さえ棒２４ａ、２４ｂ、２４ｃの最下部ｇ１、ｇｋ１で地面に近接された状態のマルチフィルムｍ部分を押圧しつつ前上方へ回行移動する。この際、タインキャップ体１２は地面からの反力で図５等に示すように後方へ折れ曲がり、マルチフィルムｍ上面を滑り移動し、この移動中にマルチフィルムｍ上に倒伏している２条分の野菜条列Ｒ１、Ｒ２の茎葉部ｗ１を確実に掬い上げる。この後はタイン７及びタインキャップ体１２が掬い上げた茎葉部ｗ１を斜め後上方へ引き上げるように作用し、これにより各野菜条列Ｒ１、Ｒ２の茎葉部ｗ１は隣接する玉葱ｗ条列の茎葉部ｗ１との絡みを分離されつつ引き起こされる。
【００５１】
このように処理された茎葉部ｗ１は機体の進行により掻込み装置２に到達するのであり、掻込み装置２は２条分の野菜条列Ｒ１、Ｒ２の茎葉部ｗ１を挟持搬送装置３の茎葉挟持開始位置に送り込む。挟持搬送装置３はその送り込まれた２条分の茎葉部ｗ１を茎葉挟持開始位置で同時に挟持し、続いて斜め後上方へ挟持搬送するものとなる。挟持搬送装置３により左右２条分の茎葉部ｗ１が茎葉挟持開始位置に挟持されるときは、これら左右の条列の茎葉部ｗ１、ｗ１は近接された状態となり、続いて後方へ移動されるが、このように移動される各条列Ｒ１、Ｒ２の茎葉部ｗ１、ｗ１は左右の誘導案内路１９ｂ、１９ｂの位置に適合してそれぞれの条列Ｒ１、Ｒ２に対応した誘導案内路１９ｂ、１９ｂ内にその周囲構成物（左右の誘導案内路の相互間部位ｐ１等）と無駄な衝突を起こすことなく進入する。
【００５２】
一方では、切刃体２３が掘起こし刃１６の揺動に連動して前後及び上下揺動されて前方へ移動され、土との摩擦で回転し、マルチフィルムｍの巾中央を切り離し図１３に示すようにそれを左右に二分する。
【００５３】
掘起こし刃１６は切刃体２３で切り離されたマルチフィルムｍ部分に形成された開口から土中に進入した状態となり、その刃部１６ａが収穫中の２条列Ｒ１、Ｒ２分の玉葱ｗの根部ｗ２の下方を前後及び上下へ揺動されつつ前進され２条分の根部ｗ２周辺の土を膨軟となす。この際、掘起こし刃１６の縦向きアーム部１６ｂは先に切刃体２３で形成されたマルチフィルムｍの開口内に位置しているためマルチフィルムｍと強く接触することなく、マルチフィルムｍの後処理を困難になすようなマルチフィルムｍの変形を生じさせるものとならない。
【００５４】
挟持搬送装置３による茎葉部ｗ１の挟持搬送が進行するに伴って、茎葉部ｗ１は漸次上昇され、その根部ｗ２に上方への引張力が作用し、根部ｗ２は土中から徐々に上昇される。この際、マルチフィルムｍは根部ｗ２と共に地上に引き上げられるのであり、この根部ｗ２の引上げ初期ではマルチフィルムｍは図１３に示すようにフィルム案内押さえ棒２４ａ、２４ｂ、２４ｃで三カ所を地面に近接された状態に保持され、また根部ｗ２の引上げ後期ではこの根部ｗ２の左右のマルチフィルムｍ部分はもはや左右端側や中央のフィルム案内押さえ棒２４ａ、２４ｂ、２４ｃと接触していないため、これら押さえ棒２４ａ、２４ｂ、２４ｃによる過度な拘束は受けず、根部ｗ２は円滑に引き上げられて地中から抜き上げられる。この抜き上げ中、中央のフィルム案内押さえ棒２４ｃの傾斜部ｇｋ３は茎葉下部分草部材として重要な機能を奏するのであって、即ち、収穫中の２条列Ｒ１、Ｒ２の玉葱ｗを各条列Ｒ１、Ｒ２に分別した左右配置に保持する。
【００５５】
この後、さらに挟持搬送装置３による茎葉部ｗ２の挟持搬送が進行すると、収穫中の各条列Ｒ１、Ｒ２の根部ｗ２は茎葉誘導案内体１９の下面に各条列Ｒ１、Ｒ２に分別された状態で到達し、茎葉下部補助送り装置１７から茎葉部ｗ１下部に付与される後方送り力で後方移動を補助されつつ、その対応する各誘導案内路１９ｂを通じて円盤カッタ２０へ向け移動される。
【００５６】
各条列Ｒ１、Ｒ２の根部ｗ２が茎葉誘導案内体１９に達した後にもその茎葉部ｗ１は挟持搬送装置３により斜め後上方へ搬送されるようになり、この際、各条列Ｒ１、Ｒ２の根部ｗ２は茎葉誘導案内体１９よりも上方へ移動するのをこの茎葉誘導案内体１９のそれら根部ｗ２に対応した誘導案内路１９ｂで規制されるため、各条列Ｒ１、Ｒ２の茎葉部ｗ１は緊張状態となって円盤カッタ２０に達する。このような誘導案内路１９ｂ、１９ｂ内での玉葱ｗの移動中、玉葱ｗの根部ｗ２の上面は摺らし板１９ａに圧接されるが摺らし板１９ａの低摩擦性や良撓み性により玉葱ｗが損傷することは抑制されるのであり、また左右の誘導案内路１９ｂ、１９ｂが後方へ向かうに伴って漸次左右へ離反するため茎葉部ｗ１、ｗ１の後方移動に幾分大きな抵抗が作用するが、茎葉下部補助送り装置１７がその茎葉部ｗ１、ｗ１に後方送り力を付与するため茎葉部ｗ１、ｗ１は確実に且つ適正な速度で後方移動される。
【００５７】
誘導案内路１９ｂ、１９ｂ内を移動される茎葉部ｗ１、ｗ１がカッタ２０に達した後は、その茎葉部ｗ１、ｗ１はカッタ２０の外周縁の鋸刃で茎葉部ｗ１下部を切断され根部ｗ２から分離される。この際、機体左側の誘導案内路１９ｂ内の茎葉部ｗ１はカッタ２０の回転方向との関連からカッタ２０による切断の際に茎葉下部補助送り装置１７の送り方向へ逃げるようになって切断され難い状態になろうとするが、茎葉受け部材ｋｓがこの茎葉部ｗ１の逃げを阻止するように受け止めるため、効率的に切断されるものとなる。
【００５８】
上記した茎葉切断装置４による根部ｗ２の処理中、畝Ｕを被ったマルチフィルムｍは根部ｗ２の上側に存在し、根部ｗ２が機体後方へ搬送される程、根部ｗ２と一緒に漸次高く持ち上げられるようになる。このように持ち上げられたマルチフィルムｍ部分はこれよりも前方でフィルム案内押さえ棒２４ａ、２４ｂ、２４ｃが適当に地面上に押さえ付けるため、挟持搬送装置３や茎葉誘導案内体１９や茎葉下部補助送り装置１７等に絡み付くものとならない。
【００５９】
特に下側分岐棒ｇ４や横側分岐棒ｇ５を設けたことはマルチフィルムｍの押さえ込み作用を増大させてマルチフィルムｍの弛みを除去したり或いはマルチフィルムｍの押さえ込み位置や範囲を変更してその押さえ込み作用のバランスを向上させる上で寄与する。
【００６０】
円盤カッタ２０で茎葉部ｗ１を切り離され自由状態となった根部ｗ２は直ちに畝Ｕ上に落下するのであり、一方、根部ｗ２から分離されたマルチフィルムｍは図１３に示すように集束ロッド２５で畝肩部や畝間溝ｎから剥ぎ取られ集束ローラ２６に案内されつつ収穫跡の畝Ｕ上に放置される。なお、集束ロッド２５は収穫作業開始時に手作業により畝肩部とこれを被ったマルチフィルムｍとの間に位置させるようになされる。
【００６１】
畝Ｕ上の２条分の条列Ｒ１、Ｒ２の玉葱ｗが上記のように収穫処理された後は、機体を１８０度転向させて前とは反対向きに進行させて畝Ｕ上の残りの２条分の条列Ｒ３、Ｒ４の玉葱ｗを同様に収穫処理する。こうして収穫処理が終了した後、作業者は手作業によりマルチフィルムｍを除去し根部Ｗ２を拾い集める。
【００６２】
上記使用中において、切刃体２３によるマルチフィルムｍの分断処理、挟持搬送装置３による根部ｗ２の引抜き処理、円盤カッタ２０による茎葉部ｗ１の切断処理、マルチフィルムｍの集束処理等が、フィルム案内押さえ棒２４ａ、２４ｂ、２４ｃによるマルチフィルムｍの拘束作用のアンバランス等により不安定となったり不適正となったりするときは、左右端側のフィルム案内押さえ棒２４ａ、２４ｂの高さを変更してそのアンバランスを修正するようにする。
【００６３】
なお上記実施例では、タイン７にタインキャップ体１２を係着してタイン７の先部延長箇所を弾性変形可能となしたが、これに代えて、タイン７を長めとなしてその先部のみを弾性変形可能となすことも差し支えない。
【００６４】
またマルチ栽培された玉葱Ｗを収穫する場合についての使用例を説明したが、これに限定するものではなく、無マルチ栽培された玉葱ｗ等であっても収穫することができる。この際、必要に応じてタインキャップ体１２をタイン７から外したり、各縦向き引起こし装置５の下部から従来同様に斜め前下方へ向け棒条のデバイダを延出させ、このデバイダにより、倒伏した茎葉部ｗ１を掬い上げて縦向き引き起こし装置５の引起こし作用部へ送り込ませるようにする。
【００６５】
【発明の効果】
上記した本発明によれば、次のような効果が得られる。即ち、請求項１に記載したものによれば、玉葱等はその収穫時に高い位置まで上昇させないで済むようになるため、マルチ栽培された玉葱等であってもその抜き上げや茎葉切断処理を機械的に行うことができるようになる。そして、各誘導案内路がその対応する一つの条列の茎葉部を特定方向へ案内するため、茎葉部の姿勢を正確な一定姿勢として茎葉部の予定高さ位置をカッタにより正確に切断することができる。さらに左右一対の誘導案内路が後方へ向かう程、離反しているため、左右の誘導案内路の前端ではそれら誘導案内路間の距離を小さくできて挟持搬送装置により同時に挟持された２条分の茎葉部が誘導案内路の前端の相互間部位ｐ１と無駄な衝突を起こすのを防止することができ、また誘導案内路の後端寄り位置では２条分の茎葉部を各条列に分別した左右配置として左右に大きく離反させることにより左右の条列間の根部の衝突や接触を確実に阻止することができる。これにより、カッタによる茎葉部の切断処理の精度が向上するのである。また、誘導案内路を小さな上下寸法となし、しかも構造簡易で水平方向の剛性の大きいものとなすことができる。
【００６６】
請求項２に記載した発明によれば、請求項1のものが奏する効果に加え、誘導案内路を小さな上下寸法となし、しかも構造簡易で水平方向の剛性の大きいものとなすことができるほか、茎葉部を誘導案内路内でその品質を損ねることなく円滑に後方移動させることができ、また摺らし板を軽量となして全体の軽量化に寄与でき、しかも摺らし板の交換を容易に行うことができる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図１】本発明に係る野菜収穫機の側面図である。
【図２】前記収穫機の平面図である。
【図３】前記収穫機の正面図である。
【図４】前記収穫機の動力系統図である。
【図５】前記収穫機の縦向き引起こし装置の下部を示す側面視作用説明図である。
【図６】前記縦向き引起こし装置のタイン関連部に係り、Ａは図５のｘーｘ部を示す図で、ＢはＡの側面図である。
【図７】前記収穫機の側面視説明図である。
【図８】前記収穫機の茎葉切断装置周辺を示す平面図である。
【図９】前記収穫機の左右端側のフィルム案内押さえ棒周辺を示す側面図である。
【図１０】前記収穫機の中央のフィルム案内押さえ棒周辺を示す側面図である。
【図１１】前記収穫機の茎葉誘導案内体の周辺を示す平面図である。
【図１２】前記収穫機のフィルム案内押さえ棒の作用状況を示す正面図である。
【図１３】前記収穫機によるマルチフィルムの処理状況を示す平面図である。
【符号の説明】
１分草装置
２掻込み装置
３挟持搬送装置
４茎葉切断装置
５縦向き引起こし装置
１７茎葉下部補助送り装置
１９茎葉誘導案内体
１９ａ摺らし板
１９ｂ誘導案内路
２０カッタ
２４ｂフィルム案内押さえ棒（茎葉下部分草部材）
Ｌ２距離
Ｌ３距離
Ｒ１条列
Ｒ２条列
Ｕ畝
ｂ１誘導案内路の巾
ｋｍ切欠溝
ｋｓ茎葉受け部材
ｍマルチフイルム
ｐ１左右一対の誘導案内路の相互間部位
ｗ野菜
ｗ１茎葉部[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention is a vegetable harvesting machine capable of harvesting multi-cultivated root vegetables such as onions and persimmons. Concerning .
[0002]
[Prior art]
Nipping and conveying apparatus that sandwiches the stems and leaves of adjacent vegetable rows adjacent to each other and conveys them obliquely upward and simultaneously pulls out the roots of the left and right vegetable rows from the ground during this conveyance, and This is a vegetable harvester equipped with a cutting device for cutting leaves and leaves of the two strips of vegetables after being pulled into the upper and lower parts during transport by the holding and transporting device, and is not covered with multi-film. There are those that harvest so-called multi-cultivated onions and the like that are cultivated with straw.
[0003]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
In conventional harvesting machines, we do not plan to harvest so-called multi-cultivated onions, etc. that are cultivated with multi-film covered straw. When harvested, the multi-film covered with the root of the onion is entangled with the periphery of the cutting mechanism of the foliage and immediately becomes impossible to harvest.
[0004]
The present invention is intended to eliminate such problems, that is, to provide a vegetable harvesting machine that mechanically and smoothly performs a process of cutting and separating the shoots and leaves by picking up the cultivated onion and the like. In addition, an object of the present invention is to provide a foliage guide for use in this harvester.
[0005]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, in the invention described in claim 1, the stems and leaves of adjacent left and right vegetable rows are sandwiched together and conveyed obliquely upward, and the root portions of the left and right vegetable rows are conveyed during this conveyance. Sandwiching and transporting device that simultaneously pulls out the ground from the ground, and a foliage cutting device that separates the lower part of the stem and leaf portion of the two strips of vegetables after being pulled out in this way while being transported by the sandwiching and transporting device A vegetable harvesting machine comprising: The A pair of left and right guiding guides that guides the stems and leaves of the vegetables in each row in a specific backward direction in a state of being separated into each row ( And foliage guide with And a cutter that cuts the stems and leaves of the two strips that have been moved in these guide guide paths, Of foliage guidance A pair of left and right guide guides are arranged so that they are gradually separated from each other toward the rear. In the vegetable harvesting machine, the foliage guiding and guiding body is a vegetable harvesting machine provided with a configuration in which a pair of left and right guiding guide paths are formed on a single plate member supported by a vehicle frame. .
[0006]
According to the present invention, there is only a guide guide path between the cutter and the ground, and the cutter is brought close to the ground. Therefore, the onion and the like do not have to be raised to a high position at the time of harvest. This makes it possible to pick up onions covered with multi-film and to cut the foliage. And since each guidance guideway guides the foliage part of the corresponding one row to a specific direction, the foliage part is made into a tension state in relation to the conveyance action of the pinch conveyance device, and the posture is accurately defined. The expected height position is accurately cut with a cutter. And since the pair of left and right guide guides are farther away from each other, the two stems and leaves simultaneously held by the holding and conveying device at the front end of the guide guide way collide with the guide guide route peripheral members. Without being raised, it is fed into the corresponding guide guideway, while at the position near the rear end of the guide guideway, the two leaves of the stems and leaves are greatly increased to the left and right for each row by the guide action of the left and right guide guideways. This prevents the collision and contact of the roots between the left and right rows. The prevention of collision and contact at this time contributes to preventing damage to the root and improving the accuracy of cutting processing of the foliage by the cutter. In addition, the guide guide path has a small vertical dimension, and has a simple structure and a large horizontal rigidity. .
[0007]
Moreover, in invention described in Claim 2, it is a foliage guidance body A pair of left and right cutout grooves are formed in a single plate member in a C-shaped arrangement that expands after planar view, and is formed on the lower surface of the plate member near the left and right side edges of these cutout grooves Made of synthetic resin material It has a configuration with a sliding plate. According to this, In addition to the effect produced by claim 1 When the foliage part moves backward in the guide guide path, the sliding plate made of synthetic resin comes into contact with the upper surface of the root part of the onion or the like without damaging the quality of the onion or the like due to its softness or low friction coefficient, Smooth backward movement. In addition, when the synthetic resin is worn out, it can be easily replaced, and the edge of the sliding plate in the range where the root is in contact is easily processed into an arc shape because the material is synthetic resin. Moreover, the synthetic resin sliding plate contributes to weight reduction.
[0008]
In carrying out the present invention, the foliage cutting device Provided is a lower foliage auxiliary feeding device that applies a backward feed force to the lower part of the foliage part that is moved in the left and right guide guide paths in the vicinity of the upper side of the cutter. It ’s good, by configuring like this Even if an onion or the like that moves backward by being guided by the foliage part of each guide guide path tends to be prevented from moving backward due to resistance with the guide guide path, the lower foliage auxiliary feed device sends it to the foliage part. The force is applied and the movement backward is reliably performed at an appropriate speed to improve the accuracy of the foliage cutting process.
[0009]
further The pair of left and right guide guide paths are arranged so as to be gradually separated from each other toward the rear, and the front part of the width center portion of the weeding device and the center position between the front ends of the pair of left and right guide guide paths is on the ground. It is good to have a structure that is combined with a grass member that is close to the rear and the rear part is raised upward, By configuring in this way The stalks and leaves of the two vegetable strips adjacent to each other on the right and left sides of the weeding device are raised and sandwiched between the sandwiching and transporting devices, thereby improving the accuracy of the subsequent vegetable processing. And until the onion of each row that has been pulled out reaches the guiding guideway, the under-grass part grass member reliably keeps the onion separated to the left and right of each row unit, Since the front end portion of the grass member is fixed to the weeding device, the attachment structure of the under-leaf partial grass member is simple and has high rigidity.
[0010]
In addition, guide to the location near the cutter It is better to have a structure provided with a foliage receiving member for receiving the foliage portion guided by the guide path at the time of cutting, By configuring in this way, The foliage receiving member receives that the foliage portion in the guide guide escapes in the rotation direction when cutting by the cutter, and the performance and accuracy of cutting the foliage portion are improved.
[0012]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
An embodiment of the present invention will be described below. 1 is a side view of a vegetable harvester according to the present invention, FIG. 2 is a plan view of the harvester, FIG. 3 is a front view of the harvester, FIG. 4 is a power system diagram of the harvester, and FIG. FIG. 6 relates to a tine-related portion of the vertical pulling device, A is a view showing an xx portion of FIG. 5, and B is A FIG. 7 is a side view of the harvester, FIG. 8 is a plan view showing the area around the cutting device of the harvester, and FIG. 9 shows the area around the film guide presser bar on the left and right ends of the harvester. FIG. 10 is a side view showing the periphery of the film guide presser bar at the center of the harvester, FIG. 11 is a plan view showing the periphery of the foliage guiding guide body of the harvester, and FIG. 12 is the film guide presser of the harvester. FIG. 13 is a front view showing the working state of the rod, and FIG. It is a diagram.
[0013]
As shown in FIGS. 1-3, the vegetable harvesting machine which concerns on this invention is the vegetable processing part A which comprised the weeding device 1, the picking device 2, the clamping conveyance apparatus 3, and the foliage cutting device 4, and this vegetable processing part. It consists of a traveling vehicle part B that supports each part of A.
[0014]
First, the weeding device 1 will be described with reference to FIGS. That is, the three vertical raising devices 5 are provided at regular intervals in the left-right direction of the machine body. Each vertical pulling device 5 includes an endless chain 6 that moves around an elliptical orbit along a specific vertical surface, and a tine formed as a resin-integrated molded product at each of the intervals of the chain 6. 7 is attached through a connecting link 8 and a fulcrum shaft 9 so as to be freely displaced. The upper and lower portions of the chain 6 are wound around sprockets 10a and 10b that are pivotally attached to the apparatus frame 5a.
[0015]
Each tine 7 is in a lying posture during the period in which the trailing edge a of the apparatus frame 5a is lowered together with the chain 6, and when it reaches the vicinity of the lowest position p, it starts standing displacement by a guide action of a guide portion (not shown). At the position p, a complete standing posture is drawn and the arc b around the sprocket 10b is drawn and moved forward and upward. Subsequently, the standing posture is maintained by the guiding action of the guide portion 11, and the front edge c of the device frame 5a is held. Is moved rearward and upward, and when it reaches the vicinity of the uppermost position, the displacement starts, and after moving around the sprocket 10a to a complete lying posture, the apparatus frame 5a is again moved along the rear edge a. It is supposed to descend.
[0016]
A tine cap body 12 formed of a rubber material or a rubber-equivalent material so as to be elastically deformable is engaged with each tine 7 in an extended shape and an external fitting shape. At this time, two protrusions 12 a and 12 b are provided on the inner surface of the tine cap body 12, and the protrusions 12 a and 12 b are locked to the ribs 7 a and 7 b of the tine 7 when the tine cap body 12 is engaged.
[0017]
In this example, the tine cap body 12 is attached to all the tines 7, and all the tine cap bodies 12 have the same size. However, the present invention is not limited to this.
For example, a tine cap body 12 is attached to every other or more than one tine 7, or a large number of tine cap bodies 12 are changed in length, and a large number of tine cap bodies 12 are compared. There may be a plurality of types of hard and relatively soft ones.
[0018]
As shown in FIG. 2, the scraping device 2 is composed of a pair of left and right lateral scraping main portions 13, 13, and the locking protrusions 13 a of the respective scraping main portions 13 are formed from outside the distal end portion of the scraping device 2. By rotating around the center of the device 2 and then moving obliquely upward, the foliage w1 caused by the vertical pulling device 5 is pushed into the lower center of the device 2 and pushed upward obliquely. It is structured.
[0019]
The nipping and conveying apparatus 3 includes a pair of left and right nipping and conveying main portions 14 and 14. Nipping and transporting main part 14 Is formed by looping the conveyor belt 15 around a pair of front and rear pulleys. At this time, the conveyor belts 15 and 15 of the main parts 13 and 13 are arranged in an opposing manner and between the conveyor belts 15 and 15. Is made to coincide with the center of the width of the weeding device 1, and this is used as a nipping and conveying path k, and the conveying belts 15 and 15 are moved rearward along the conveying path k.
[0020]
The sandwiching and transporting device 3 receives the relatively upper part of the stalk and leaf portion w1 that has been scraped by the scraping device 2 at the transporting start end of the sandwiching and transporting path k, and then sandwiches it by the transport belt 15 and transports it obliquely rearward and upward. In the conveying process, the digging blade 16 shown in FIG. 7 and the like is configured to pull out the root w2 on the ridge U that has been softened prior to the conveyance from the soil. At the rear part of the nipping and conveying device 3, there is provided a foliage discharging device 3a that takes over the foliage w1 conveyed by the conveying device 3 and drops it into the intercostal groove n, and this foliage discharging device is located at a specific position of the body. A foliage discharge guide 3b made of a rubber plate or the like for guiding the foliage w1 discharged from 3a to the ground is suspended.
[0021]
Below the conveyor belts 15 and 15, a lower foliage auxiliary feeding device 17 is provided as shown in FIGS. 7 and 8. This lower auxiliary feed device 17 is composed of a pair of left and right lower feed main portions 17a, 17a, and the upward inclination in the feed direction is made gentler than that of the sandwiching and conveying device 3, and a large number of front and rear end pulleys The endless lower feed belt 18 in which the protrusions 18a are arranged is wound around and formed. At this time, the pair of lower feed belts 18 and 18 are opposed to each other, and a space between the belts 18 and 18 is defined as a feed path k1 at the lower part of the foliage, and the belts 18 and 18 are moved rearward along the feed path k. .
[0022]
As shown in FIGS. 3, 7, 8, 9 to 12, etc., the foliage cutting device 4 is provided near the lower side of the lower foliage auxiliary feed device 17 below the front portion of the holding and conveying device 3. The foliage guiding and guiding body 19 that is generally along the lower foliage auxiliary feeding device 17 and the cutter 20 mounted horizontally on the rear upper side of the foliage guiding and guiding body 19 are provided.
[0023]
At this time, the foliage guide 19 is configured such that the foliage portions w1 and w1 of the adjacent left and right vegetable rows R1 and R2 pass in the vertical direction and the root portions w2 and w2 cannot pass upward. Two guide guide paths 19b, 19b having a width are formed, and more specifically, a pair of left and right notch grooves km, km are formed in a single plate member and expanded in a plan view in plan view. Sliding plates 19a, 19a, 19a (shown in phantom lines in FIG. 11) made of a synthetic resin material or its equivalent are attached to the lower surface portions of the plate members near the left and right side edges of these notched grooves km, km. The configuration is as follows.
[0024]
At this time, each guidance guideway 19b Width b1 Is about 25 mm to 40 mm. this Width b1 If it is too small, a smooth guiding action to the rear of the foliage w1 cannot be obtained. Conversely, if it is too wide, an accurate guiding action cannot be obtained, and an excessive lifting of the root part occurs.
[0025]
Further, at the front end position of the guide guide paths 19b and 19b between the front and rear side edges b2 and b2, which is the side where the other guide guide path 19b exists, of the left and right front and rear side edges of the pair of left and right guide guide paths 19b and 19b. The distance L3 is actually about 30 mm to 40 mm. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and the upper limit of the distance L3 should be about 80 mm. If the distance L3 is larger than this, the sandwiching and conveying device 3 will remove the foliage portions w1 and w1 of the left and right rows R1 and R2. When clamping at the clamping start position, the foliage parts w1, w1 of the left and right rows R1, R2 are brought close to each other by the clamping action. At this time, the onions w, w, etc. of the left and right rows R1, R2 are a pair of left and right The useless collision with the part p1 between the guide guide paths 19b and 19b is repeated. The lower limit of the distance L3 is not particularly present, and can be almost zero as long as the right and left guide guide paths 19b and 19b are divided to obtain an appropriate strength.
[0026]
On the other hand, the distance L2 between the width centers at the cutting position of the cutter 20 of each of the pair of left and right guide guide paths 19b, 19b is about 100 mm to 130 mm. Here, if the distance L2 is larger than 130 mm, the apparatus becomes large, or the lateral inclination with respect to the vertical line at the time of cutting the foliage w1 becomes excessively large and the cutting accuracy is impaired. When this distance L2 is smaller than 100 mm, the bases W2 and w2 of the left and right rows R1 and R2 are liable to collide and come into contact with each other, and the posture of each onion w, w, etc. varies and the cutting accuracy is impaired. , Root damage occurs.
[0027]
In the illustrated example, the cutter 20 is a disk blade having a saw blade formed on the outer peripheral edge, and is rotationally driven in an arrow direction s around the longitudinal axis 20a, and a foliage portion w1 toward the rearmost portion of the guide guide paths 19b and 19b is formed. The lower part is to be separated from the root w2.
[0028]
The cutter 20 is fixed via support means (not shown) that can change the support position of the cutter 20 obliquely upward, and the height of the cutter 20 is changed by changing the position of the support means to cut the foliage w1. It is supposed to adjust the position. The height of the cutter 20 is determined so that, for example, if the onion w is an early-growing species, a stem and leaf part w1 having a length of about 2.5 cm to 3.5 cm remains on the root w2 side, and the onion w is suspended and stored. When the container is stored, it is determined so that the foliage w1 of about 8 cm to 10 cm remains on the root w2 side.
[0029]
Further, in a plan view, the rotation direction of the outer peripheral edge of the cutter 20 located within the width of one guide guide path 19b is obliquely rearward, and is located in the vicinity of the cutter 20 above the guide guide path 19b. Is provided with a foliage receiving member ks for receiving the foliage portion w1 guided by the guide path 19b at the time of cutting. In the illustrated example, the foliage receiving member ks is bolted to the foliage guiding and guiding body 19 through the support portion ks1. The type of the cutter 20 may be changed as appropriate. For example, the cutter 20 may be a rocker blade that is repeatedly swung left and right around the vertical axis 20a, or a clipper blade.
[0030]
The digging blade 16 is provided with a horizontal blade portion 16a that advances in the soil and a vertical arm portion 16b that supports the blade portion 16a. It is arranged so that the portion 16a is located, and the longitudinal arm portion 16b is supported by the machine body fixing portion (vehicle frame 22) via the lateral shaft 21 in the middle of its length. The digging blade 16 is configured to be swung around the horizontal shaft 21 by power, and the vertical arm portion 16b includes the rows R1 and R2 of the harvested vegetables w and unharvested vegetables adjacent to these rows. The blade 16a is positioned between the row R3 of w and the soil below the rows R1 and R2 of the two vegetables w being harvested is simultaneously expanded and softened.
[0031]
A supporting means (not shown) is formed in a part of the vertical arm portion 16b below the horizontal shaft 21, and the disc-shaped cutting blade body 23 has a side face in the longitudinal direction through the supporting means. It is made to rotate freely. The cutting blade body 23 has a sharp saw blade on the outer periphery.
[0032]
As shown in FIGS. 1 to 3, 8, 9, 10, and 13, a multi-film m covered with a ridge U is guided in the vicinity of the lower end of each vertical raising device 5 of the weeding device 1. Film guide pressing rods 24a, 24b, and 24c for pressing and holding are provided. These film guide holding rods 24a, 24b, 24c raise the multi-film m covering the left and right side ridges U of the harvested vegetable strips R1, R2 in the vertical direction and sandwich and convey them from the lower end of the device 5 The device 3 is pressed so as to be close to the ground only up to the stem and leaf pinching start position.
[0033]
The left and right end film guide pressing bars 24a and 24b have a symmetric structure, and the rightmost end side will be described. As shown in FIG. The plate e is fixed by a long hole and a fixing bolt so that the height can be freely adjusted, and the film guide pressing bar 24a is extended rearward from the lower end portion of the support plate e.
In FIG. 9, the phantom line ka shows the state where the height of the film guide pressing bar 24a is lowered by moving the position of the vertical support plate e downward within the range of the long hole.
[0034]
The film guide press rods 24a and 24b have a front portion formed as a forwardly rising arc-shaped portion g1 to smoothly guide the multi-film m to the rear lower surface side while the aircraft is moving, and the foliage by the tine 7 and the tine cap 12 In order to make the scooping of the part w1 stable, the arcuate part g1 is positioned in the vicinity of the range where the tip part of the tine cap 12 presses the multifilm m downward, and the straight part that forms the lowermost part g2 is provided. The tip portion of the tine cap 12 is positioned at a position where the multi-film m starts to be pressed. The rear end g3 of either of the left and right film guide pressing bars 24a and 24b is warped backward to avoid local contact with the multi-film m. At this time, the rear end of the film guide pressing bar 24a is positioned in front of the foliage pinching start position of the pinch conveyance device 3 and in the vicinity of the side of the front edge of the cutting blade body 23, so that the multi-film m formed by the cutting blade body 23 is formed. The film guide presser bar 24b may be precisely divided, and the rear end of the film guide presser bar 24b may be in front of the pinching start position of the pinch transport device 3, but the film guide presser is required to ensure the symmetry of the structure. The front / rear position is the same as the rear end of the rod 24a.
[0035]
The center film guide presser bar 24c is also used as a grass member under the foliage. As shown in FIG. 10, a vertical support plate e1 is fixed to the device frame 5a of the vertical pulling device 5 with bolts. The rear end of the e1 is extended backward from the lower end of e1, and the rear end thereof is bolted to a mutual part p1 at the front ends of the left and right guide guide paths 19b, 19b of the foliage guide guide body 19. The film guide pressing bar 24c has a lowermost part gk2 that presses the multi-film m close to the ground according to the case of the film guide pressing bar 24a, and a front rising shape formed continuously in front of the lowermost part gk2. And a lowermost extension g4 that is continuous with the lowermost part gk2 and is directed rearward at substantially the same height as the lowermost part gk2, and the lowermost part gk2 or the lowermost part. The inclined portion gk3 is assumed to be directed obliquely upward from the portion g4. Then, from the middle of the length of the main bar member h, the lateral branch bar g5 is obliquely rearwardly directed downward and laterally, and subsequently directed rearward at substantially the same height as the lowermost part gk2. At this time, the arc-shaped part gk1, the lowermost part gk2, the lowermost extension part g4, and the lateral branch bar g5 mainly exert a film guide pressing function, and the inclined part gk3 mainly exerts a lower leaf and leaf partial grass function.
[0036]
A circular film guide 241 as shown in FIGS. 9 and 10 is provided on the longitudinal support plates e and e1 of the film guide pressing bars 24a, 24b and 24c in association with the corresponding arcuate portions g1 and gk1, respectively. The circular film guide body 241 is provided so as to be rotatable about a horizontal axis 242 and is pressed downward while rotating in contact with the multi-film m prior to the arc-shaped portions g1 and gk1 during the progress of the machine body. . The circular film guide 241 is not necessarily provided but may be omitted.
[0037]
As shown in FIGS. 7, 8, and 13, a multi-focusing mechanism is formed behind the foliage cutting device 4. This multi-focusing mechanism includes a triangular frame-shaped focusing rod 25 mounted on the left side portion of the traveling vehicle portion B, and a focusing roller 26 provided behind the rod 25 and at a specific position directly behind the foliage cutting device 4. ing.
[0038]
The converging rod 25 enters between the multi-film m covering the corresponding shoulder portion of the aircraft and the soil surface forming the shoulder portion, and continuously peels the multi-film m from the shoulder portion. The focusing roller 26 is peeled off by the focusing rod 25 and is supported by the cutting blade 23 so that the width of the multi-film m is gradually narrowed. It is then sent out and lowered onto the harvested ridge U.
[0039]
As shown in FIGS. 1 to 3, the traveling vehicle unit B includes a pair of left and right traveling wheels 27, 27, a vehicle frame 22 supported by the traveling wheels 27, a gauge wheel 28 for supporting the front portion of the vehicle frame 22, a vehicle An engine 29 fixed to the rear portion of the frame 22 and a steering handle 30 projecting rearward of the engine 29 are provided.
[0040]
A transmission 31 is provided on the lower side of the engine 29, and a transmission case 32 facing left and right is provided below the transmission 31 and the engine 29. At this time, a part of the transmission case 32 on the side that is not on the gauge wheel 28 side is formed as an extendable / contractible portion 33 in the left-right direction, and an operation mechanism 34 for extending / contracting the expandable / contractible portion 33 is provided. Further, final cases 35, 35 are provided at both ends of the transmission case 32, and traveling wheels 27, 27 are attached to the distal ends of the final case 35.
[0041]
The gauge wheel 28 is rotatably attached to the lower end of an inclined support cylinder portion 36 fixed to the same body as the vehicle frame 22, and a rotation operation handle is provided between the upper portion of the inclined support cylinder portion 36 and the steering handle 30. 37 is erected. By rotating the handle 37, the length of the inclined support cylinder portion 36 is changed, and the height of the gauge wheel 28 with respect to the vehicle frame 22 is changed.
[0042]
The power transmission system of the engine 29 is as follows. That is, as shown in FIG. 4, the rotation of the engine 29 is transmitted to the mission 31, and then the traveling wheel 27, via the transmission case 32, the final cases 35, 35 and the steering clutches 38, 38 from the mission 31 to the left and right. 27.
[0043]
In the front part in the mission 31, a work output shaft 39 facing forward and backward and a transmission system of the engine 29 power are coupled. A lateral drive shaft 41 is linked to the work output shaft 39 via a bevel gear 40.
[0044]
A crank 42 is formed at the right end of the lateral drive shaft 41. Further, a worm 43 is provided at the center of the lateral drive shaft 41, and the lateral drive shaft 41 and the drive shaft 45 for the nipping and conveying apparatus 3 are interlocked and connected via a worm wheel 44 engaged therewith.
[0045]
The drive shaft 45 is coupled to the central shafts 46 and 46 of the pulleys on the rear side of each nipping and conveying main portion 14 via a chain transmission mechanism or the like, and the front side where the rotation of the central shaft 46 is transmitted via the conveying belt 15. The pulley central shaft 47 is interlocked and connected to the rear pulley central shafts 48 and 48 in each of the scraping device 2 and the foliage lower auxiliary feed device 17.
[0046]
A front and rear transmission cylinder case 49 is extended from the right end portion of the lateral drive shaft 41, and the rear end of the front and rear drive shaft 50 in the transmission cylinder case 49 and the lateral drive shaft 41 are coupled via a bevel gear 51. Further, the front end of the front / rear drive shaft 41 and the upper sprocket shaft 52 for operating the tine 7 of the vertical pulling device 5 are coupled via a bevel gear 53.
[0047]
Further, one end of a front-rear connecting rod 54 is coupled to the crank 42 of the lateral drive shaft 41, and the other end of the rod 54 is dug up and coupled to the upper end of the vertical support arm portion 16b of the blade 16, so that the connecting rod by the crank 42 is connected. The longitudinal displacement of 54 is excavated and transmitted to the blade 16.
[0048]
Further, a bevel gear 55 is provided at an appropriate portion of the lateral drive shaft 41, and a front-rear rotating shaft 56 that can be expanded and contracted by spline coupling is extended from the bevel gear 55. The rotating shaft 56 can be bent and displaced by a universal joint and can be expanded and contracted by spline coupling. It is linked to the rotation center axis of the disk cutter 20 via a possible transmission shaft 57 and a transmission case 58 fixed at a specific position. Here, the front-rear rotating shaft 56 may be arranged on either the left or right side of the machine body.
[0049]
Next, the operation | movement at the time of harvesting the onion which is a kind of the vegetable w planted on the straw U covered with the multi film m using the harvester comprised as mentioned above is demonstrated. As shown in FIGS. 1 to 3, the aircraft is along the longitudinal direction of the kite U, the left and right traveling wheels 27, 27 are positioned in the left and right intercostal grooves n of one kite U, and the aircraft is straddling the kite U And Next, if necessary, the rotary operation handle 37 is rotated to displace the gauge wheel 28 upward with respect to the machine body, so that the weeding device 1, the scraping device 2, the digging blade 16, the cutting blade body 23, and the disk cutter 20. And the nipping and conveying apparatus 3 is set to an optimum height for the onion w harvesting process. As a result, the film guide pressing bars 24a, 24b, 24c are located on both the left and right sides of the two vegetable rows R1, R2 to be harvested, and the foliage of the holding and conveying device 3 is sandwiched from the lower end of the vertically raising device 5 The multi-film m covered with the collar U until the start position is pressed so as to be close to the ground at the lowermost parts g2 and gk2. Further, the tine 7 and the tine cap body 12 of each vertical raising device 5 come into contact with the upper surface of the multi-film m covered with the ridge U at the lowest position of the movement locus and press the ground.
[0050]
Thereafter, the aircraft is caused to travel with each part in an operating state. At the time of advance of the machine body, the film guide pressing bars 24a, 24b, 24c move forward on the multi-film m. During this progress, the film guide pressing bars 24a are present due to the presence of the circular film guide body 241 and the arcuate portions g1, gk1. , 24b and 24c do not get caught in or break through the multi-film m, and are covered with a ridge U between the lower end portion of each vertical raising device 5 and the foliage pinching start position of the pinch transport device 3 The multi-film m portion is always brought close to the ground stably. On the other hand, the tine 7 and the tine cap body 12 of each vertical pulling device 5 reach the vicinity of the lowest position of the movement trajectory, and become standing postures one after another, and the lowermost parts g1 of the film guide pressing bars 24a, 24b, 24c, While moving the multi-film m portion in the state of being close to the ground with gk1, it is rotated forward and upward. At this time, the tine cap body 12 bends backward as shown in FIG. 5 due to the reaction force from the ground, slides on the upper surface of the multifilm m, and falls on the multifilm m during this movement. Surely scoop up the foliage w1 of the vegetable rows R1, R2. After this, the tine 7 and the tine cap body 12 act so as to pull up the foliage w1 that has been scooped up obliquely upward, whereby the foliage w1 of each vegetable row R1, R2 is the foliage of the adjacent onion w row The entanglement with the part w1 is caused while being separated.
[0051]
The foliage w1 processed in this way reaches the scoring device 2 as the machine moves, and the scoring device 2 grips the foliage w1 of the two vegetable rows R1 and R2 and the foliage of the conveying device 3 Feed to the nipping start position. The sandwiching and transporting device 3 simultaneously sandwiches the fed two foliage portions w1 at the stem and leaf sandwiching start position, and then sandwiches and transports them obliquely rearward and upward. When the foliage portion w1 for the two left and right limbs is pinched at the foliage pinching start position by the pinching and conveying device 3, the foliage portions w1 and w1 of these left and right rows are brought close to each other and subsequently moved backward. However, the stems and leaves w1 and w1 of the respective rows R1 and R2 thus moved are adapted to the positions of the left and right guide guides 19b and 19b, and the guide guides 19b corresponding to the respective rows R1 and R2 are provided. It enters into 19b, without causing a useless collision with surrounding components (such as a portion p1 between the left and right guide guide paths).
[0052]
On the other hand, the cutting blade body 23 is swung back and forth and up and down in conjunction with the swing of the blade 16 and moved forward, rotated by friction with the soil, and the center of the width of the multi-film m is cut off as shown in FIG. Divide it left and right as shown.
[0053]
The digging blade 16 enters the soil from the opening formed in the multi-film m portion cut by the cutting blade body 23, and the blade portion 16a is the two rows R1 and R2 of the onion w for harvesting. Advancing while swinging back and forth and up and down below the root part w2, the soil around the root part w2 for two strips is softened. At this time, since the vertical arm portion 16b of the digging blade 16 is located in the opening of the multifilm m previously formed by the cutting blade body 23, it does not come into strong contact with the multifilm m. It does not cause deformation of the multi-film m that makes post-processing difficult.
[0054]
As nipping and conveying of the foliage portion w1 by the nipping and conveying device 3 proceeds, the foliage portion w1 is gradually raised, an upward tensile force acts on the root portion w2, and the root portion w2 is gradually raised from the soil. . At this time, the multi-film m is pulled up to the ground together with the root w2, and at the initial stage of raising the root w2, the multi-film m is brought close to the ground by the film guide pressing rods 24a, 24b and 24c as shown in FIG. In the latter stage of raising the root portion w2, the left and right multi-film m portions of the root portion w2 are no longer in contact with the left and right end sides or the central film guide pressing bars 24a, 24b, 24c. Excessive restraint by the bars 24a, 24b, and 24c is not received, and the root w2 is smoothly pulled up and pulled out from the ground. During the pulling-up, the inclined portion gk3 of the central film guide holding bar 24c plays an important function as a sub-grass part partial grass member, that is, the onion w of the two rows R1, R2 being harvested is arranged in each row. The left and right arrangements separated into R1 and R2 are held.
[0055]
Thereafter, when the nipping and conveying of the foliage w2 by the nipping and conveying device 3 further proceeds, the root w2 of each row R1 and R2 being harvested was separated into the respective rows R1 and R2 on the lower surface of the foliage guide 19. It arrives in the state and is moved toward the disk cutter 20 through each corresponding guide guide path 19b while being assisted in backward movement by the backward feed force applied to the lower part of the foliage part w1 from the lower foliage auxiliary feed device 17.
[0056]
Even after the root w2 of each row R1 and R2 reaches the foliage guiding guide 19, the foliage portion w1 is conveyed obliquely rearward and upward by the sandwiching and conveying device 3, and at this time, each row R1, R2 Since the root part w2 of the stem is restricted to move upward from the foliage guiding and guiding body 19 by the guiding guide path 19b corresponding to the root w2 of the foliage guiding and guiding body 19, the foliage part w1 of each row R1, R2 Reaches a disc cutter 20 in tension. During the movement of the onion w in the guide guide paths 19b and 19b, the upper surface of the root w2 of the onion w is pressed against the sliding plate 19a, but the onion w is reduced due to the low friction and good flexibility of the sliding plate 19a. Damage is suppressed, and the left and right guide guides 19b and 19b gradually move away from side to side as they move rearward, so that a somewhat large resistance acts on the rearward movement of the foliage parts w1 and w1. The shoot and leaf lower auxiliary feeder 17 applies a backward feed force to the shoot and leaf portions w1 and w1, so that the shoot and leaf portions w1 and w1 are moved backward reliably and at an appropriate speed.
[0057]
After the foliage parts w1 and w1 moved in the guide guide paths 19b and 19b reach the cutter 20, the foliage parts w1 and w1 are cut at the lower part of the foliage part w1 by a saw blade on the outer periphery of the cutter 20 and the root part w2. Separated from. At this time, the foliage portion w1 in the guide guide path 19b on the left side of the machine body escapes in the feeding direction of the lower foliage auxiliary feeding device 17 when cutting by the cutter 20 because of the relation with the rotation direction of the cutter 20, and is not easily cut. Although it is going to be in a state, since the foliage receiving member ks receives the foliage w1 so as to prevent the foliage w1 from escaping, it is efficiently cut.
[0058]
During the treatment of the root w2 by the above-described foliage cutting device 4, the multi-film m covered with the ridge U exists above the root w2, and is gradually lifted together with the root w2 as the root w2 is conveyed to the rear of the machine body. It becomes like this. Since the multi-film m lifted in this way is properly held on the ground by the film guide pressing rods 24a, 24b, 24c in front of this, the nipping / conveying device 3, the foliage guides 19 and the lower foliage auxiliary feed It does not become entangled with the device 17 or the like.
[0059]
In particular, the provision of the lower branch bar g4 and the lateral branch bar g5 increases the pressing action of the multifilm m to remove the slack of the multifilm m, or changes the pressing position and range of the multifilm m. This contributes to improving the balance of the pressing action.
[0060]
The root portion w2 that has been cut free from the stem and leaf portion w1 by the disk cutter 20 immediately falls on the ridge U. On the other hand, the multifilm m separated from the root portion w2 is formed by the focusing rod 25 as shown in FIG. It is peeled off from the ridge shoulder and the inter-groove groove n and is left on the ridge U of the harvested trace while being guided by the focusing roller 26. The focusing rod 25 is positioned between the heel shoulder and the multi-film m covered by the manual operation at the start of the harvesting operation.
[0061]
After the onion w of the two rows R1 and R2 on the ridge U are harvested as described above, the aircraft is turned 180 degrees and advanced in the opposite direction to the rest of the ridge U. The onions w of the two rows R3 and R4 are similarly harvested. After the harvesting process is thus completed, the operator manually removes the multi-film m and picks up the root W2.
[0062]
During the above-described use, the film guide includes the cutting process of the multi-film m by the cutting blade body 23, the pulling-out process of the root part w2 by the holding and conveying device 3, the cutting process of the foliage w1 by the disk cutter 20, the focusing process of the multi-film m, etc. If it becomes unstable or inappropriate due to imbalance of the restraining action of the multi-film m by the pressing bars 24a, 24b, 24c, change the height of the film guide pressing bars 24a, 24b on the left and right end sides. Correct the imbalance.
[0063]
In the above-described embodiment, the tine cap body 12 is engaged with the tine 7 so that the extended portion of the tip portion of the tine 7 can be elastically deformed. Instead, only the tip portion of the tine 7 is made longer. It is also possible to make the elastically deformable.
[0064]
Moreover, although the usage example about the case of harvesting the multi-cultivated onion W was demonstrated, it is not limited to this, Even if it is the non-multi-cultivated onion w etc., it can harvest. At this time, if necessary, the tine cap body 12 is removed from the tine 7, or the bar divider is extended obliquely forward and downward from the lower part of each vertical pulling device 5 as in the prior art. The stem and leaf portion w1 is crawled up and raised vertically to be sent to the raising action portion of the device 5.
[0065]
【The invention's effect】
According to the present invention described above, the following effects can be obtained. That is, according to the first aspect of the present invention, the onion and the like do not need to be raised to a high position at the time of harvesting. Can be done automatically. And, since each guiding guideway guides the foliage part of the corresponding one row in a specific direction, the planned height position of the foliage part is accurately cut by the cutter with the foliage part being in an accurate and constant posture. Can do. In addition, since the pair of left and right guide guide paths are more distant from each other, the distance between the guide guide paths can be reduced at the front ends of the left and right guide guide paths, and the two strips simultaneously held by the holding and conveying device. It is possible to prevent the foliage part from causing unnecessary collision with the mutual part p1 at the front end of the guide guide path, and at the position near the rear end of the guide guide path, the foliage part for two strips is separated into each row. By making the left and right arrangements far apart from each other, it is possible to reliably prevent the collision and contact of the roots between the left and right rows. Thereby, the precision of the cutting process of the foliage part by a cutter improves. In addition, the guide guide path has a small vertical dimension, and can have a simple structure and high horizontal rigidity. .
[0066]
According to the invention described in claim 2, In addition to the effect produced by claim 1 The guide guideway has a small vertical dimension, can be made simple in structure and has high horizontal rigidity, and can smoothly move the foliage back and forth in the guide guideway without impairing its quality. In addition, the weight of the sliding plate can be reduced to contribute to the overall weight reduction, and the replacement of the sliding plate can be easily performed.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a side view of a vegetable harvester according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a plan view of the harvester.
FIG. 3 is a front view of the harvester.
FIG. 4 is a power system diagram of the harvester.
FIG. 5 is a side view action explanatory view showing the lower part of the vertical pulling device of the harvesting machine.
6 is a view showing a tine-related portion of the vertical pulling device, wherein A is a view showing an xx portion of FIG. 5, and B is a side view of A. FIG.
FIG. 7 is a side view explanatory view of the harvester.
FIG. 8 is a plan view showing the periphery of the cutting device of the harvester.
FIG. 9 is a side view showing the periphery of the film guide pressing bar on the left and right end sides of the harvester.
FIG. 10 is a side view showing the periphery of the film guide presser bar at the center of the harvester.
FIG. 11 is a plan view showing the periphery of the foliage guiding and guiding body of the harvester.
FIG. 12 is a front view showing an operation state of the film guide pressing bar of the harvester.
FIG. 13 is a plan view showing a multi-film processing status by the harvester.
[Explanation of symbols]
1 Weeding device
2 Scratching device
3 Nipping and conveying device
4 Forage cutting device
5 Vertical pulling device
17 Underfeed auxiliary feeder
19 Stem and leaf guide
19a sliding board
19b Taxiway
20 cutters
24b Film guide presser bar
L2 distance
L3 distance
R1 row
R2 row
U 畝
b1 Guideway width
km Notch groove
ks foliage receiving member
m Multi film
p1 The part between the left and right guideways
w Vegetables
w1 foliage

Claims

The stems and leaves (w1) of the adjacent left and right vegetables (w) rows are sandwiched together and transported obliquely upward and the roots (w2) of the left and right vegetables (w) rows from the ground during this transport The nipping and conveying device (3) to be pulled out at the same time, and the lower part of the stems and leaves (w1) of the two strips of vegetables (w) after being pulled out in this way are moved up and down during the conveyance by the nipping and conveying device (3) A vegetable harvesting machine equipped with a cutting device for cutting leaves (4), and the cutting device for cutting leaves (4) with the leaves (w1) of vegetables (w) in each row in each row. A foliage guiding guide body (19) provided with a pair of left and right guiding guideways (19b) (19b) for guiding in a specific backward direction in a separated state, and being moved in these guiding guideways (19b) (19b) Formed with the cutter (20) for cutting the foliage portion (w1) of the two strips, and at this time, the foliage guide (19) In the vegetable harvester arranged such that the pair of left and right guide guide paths (19b) and (19b) are gradually separated from each other toward the rear, the foliage guide guide body (19) is supported by the vehicle frame (22). A vegetable harvesting machine characterized in that a pair of left and right guide guide paths (19b) (19b) are formed on a single plate member .

A pair of left and right cutout grooves (km) (km) are formed in a single plate member which is a foliage guide and guide body (19) so as to expand in a plan view, and these cutout grooves (km) (km) The vegetable harvesting machine according to claim 1 , wherein a sliding plate (19a) made of a synthetic resin material is attached to the lower surface portion of the plate member near the left right edge.