JP4530851B2 - ステロイド/非ステロイド抗炎症活性分子、抗新生物活性分子および抗ウイルス活性分子用担体としての新規な化合物、組成物 - Google Patents
ステロイド/非ステロイド抗炎症活性分子、抗新生物活性分子および抗ウイルス活性分子用担体としての新規な化合物、組成物 Download PDFInfo
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- JP4530851B2 JP4530851B2 JP2004519131A JP2004519131A JP4530851B2 JP 4530851 B2 JP4530851 B2 JP 4530851B2 JP 2004519131 A JP2004519131 A JP 2004519131A JP 2004519131 A JP2004519131 A JP 2004519131A JP 4530851 B2 JP4530851 B2 JP 4530851B2
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- OGWKCGZFUXNPDA-XQKSVPLYSA-N vincristine Chemical compound C([N@]1C[C@@H](C[C@]2(C(=O)OC)C=3C(=CC4=C([C@]56[C@H]([C@@]([C@H](OC(C)=O)[C@]7(CC)C=CCN([C@H]67)CC5)(O)C(=O)OC)N4C=O)C=3)OC)C[C@@](C1)(O)CC)CC1=C2NC2=CC=CC=C12 OGWKCGZFUXNPDA-XQKSVPLYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OGWKCGZFUXNPDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N vincristine Natural products C1C(CC)(O)CC(CC2(C(=O)OC)C=3C(=CC4=C(C56C(C(C(OC(C)=O)C7(CC)C=CCN(C67)CC5)(O)C(=O)OC)N4C=O)C=3)OC)CN1CCC1=C2NC2=CC=CC=C12 OGWKCGZFUXNPDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GBABOYUKABKIAF-GHYRFKGUSA-N vinorelbine Chemical compound C1N(CC=2C3=CC=CC=C3NC=22)CC(CC)=C[C@H]1C[C@]2(C(=O)OC)C1=CC([C@]23[C@H]([C@]([C@H](OC(C)=O)[C@]4(CC)C=CCN([C@H]34)CC2)(O)C(=O)OC)N2C)=C2C=C1OC GBABOYUKABKIAF-GHYRFKGUSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960002066 vinorelbine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 201000002498 viral encephalitis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000029812 viral genome replication Effects 0.000 description 1
- 206010047470 viral myocarditis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000009421 viral pneumonia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000008673 vomiting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229960000523 zalcitabine Drugs 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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Description
1. 発癌物質によって引き起こされる遺伝子変異
2. ウイルス
3. ある種の細胞タイプの有糸分裂を活性化する外部シグナル
によって誘発され得る。
有効であり、宿主への毒性が最小限に抑えられねばならないことである。したがって、細胞内の活性薬物量を減少させる細胞の潜在能力を克服し、細胞ターゲティングを向上させ、かつ/または抗新生物薬の薬物動態学的特性を改善する必要がある。
(a)式Iの新しい「ハイブリッド」化合物
(b)炎症、悪性腫瘍またはウイルスと闘い、それによってヒトを含めた哺乳動物における炎症、悪性腫瘍またはウイルス感染症を含む障害および病態を治療するのに有効な量で一以上の上述の化合物を含む組成物、ならびに
(c)このような障害および病態を治療するこれらの化合物を使用する方法を対象とする。
(i)アザライドを含めたマクロライド抗生物質、例えばエリスロマイシン、ジリスロマイシン(dirithromycin)、アジスロマイシン、9-ジヒドロ-9-デオキソ-9a-アザ-9a-ホモエリスロマイシン、HMR 3004、HMR 3647、HMR 3787、ジョサマイシン、エリスロマイシルアミン(erythromycylamine)、ABT 773、フルリスロマイシン(flurithromycin)、クラリスロマイシン、タイロシン、チルミコシン、オレアンドマイシン、デスマイコシン(desmycosin)、CP-163505、ロキシスロマイシン、ミオカマイシンおよびロキタマイシン、ならびにそれらの誘導体、例えば、ケトライド(例えば、3-ケトン)、ラクタム(例えば、8a-または9a-ラクタム)および1個または複数の糖部分を欠く誘導体など、
(ii)FK 506、シクロスポリン、アンホテリシン、ラパマイシンなどのマクロライド免疫抑制薬、
(iii)バフィロマイシン、コンカナマイシン、ニスタチン、ナタマイシン、カンジシジン、フィリピン、エトルスコマイシン(etruscomycin)、トリコマイシンなどの宿主細胞抑制性を有するマクロライド抗真菌薬である。
RtおよびRsは独立に、Hまたはアルキル(好ましくは、メチルまたはH)であり、
RMは、OH、ORP、アルコキシまたは置換アルコキシ(シン配置もしくはアンチ配置またはそれらの混合物)であり、
RNは、H、RP、アルキル、アルケニル、アルキニル、アルコキシ、アルコキシアルキルまたは-C(=X)-NRtRs(式中、XはOまたはSである)であり、
ZとWは同時に
(ii)UおよびYは独立に、H、ハロゲン、アルキルまたはヒドロキシアルキル(好ましくは、H、メチルまたはヒドロキシメチル)であり、
(iii)R1は、ヒドロキシ、ORP、-O-S2または=Oであり、
(iv)S1は、次式のアグリコン環のC/5位(例えば、デソザミン基)の糖部分であり、
R8およびR9はどちらも水素であり、または一緒に結合を形成し、あるいはR9は水素であり、R8は-N(CH3)Ryであり、式中、
RyはRP、Rzまたは-C(O)Rzであり、式中、Rzは、水素、シクロアルキル(好ましくは、シクロヘキシル)、アルキル(好ましくは、C1〜C7アルキル)、アルケニル(好ましくは、C2〜C7アルケニル)、アルキニル(好ましくは、C2〜C7アルキニル)アリール、ヘテロアリール、またはC1〜C7アルキル、C2〜C7アルケニル、C2〜C7アルキニル、アリールもしくはヘテロアリールで置換されたアルキル(Ryは、好ましくは、水素、メチルまたはエチルである)であることができ、
R10は、水素またはRPであり、
(v)S2は、次式のアグリゴン環のC/3位(例えば、クラジノシル基)の糖部分であり、
(vi)R2は、H、ヒドロキシ、ORP基、アルコキシ(好ましくは、C1〜C4アルコキシ、最も好ましくは、メトキシ)、置換アルコキシであり、
(vii)Aは、Hまたはメチルであり、
(viii)Bは、メチルまたはエポキシであり、
(ix)Eは、Hまたはハロゲン(好ましくは、フッ素)であり、
(x)R3は、ヒドロキシ、ORP基またはアルコキシ(好ましくは、C1〜C4アルコキシ、最も好ましくは、メトキシ)、置換アルコキシであり、あるいはR3は、R5と結合して「橋」(例えば、環式カーボネートまたは環式カルバメート)を形成することができる基であり、あるいはWまたはZが
(xi)R4は、C1〜C4アルキル(好ましくは、メチル)であり、
(xii)R5は、H、ヒドロキシ、ORP基、C1〜C4アルコキシ、置換アルコキシ、またはR3と結合して橋(例えば、環式カーボネートまたは環式カルバメート)を形成することができる基であり、
(xiii)R6は、HまたはC1〜C4アルキル(好ましくは、メチルまたはエチル)であり、
サブユニットMは、これが連結基Lを介してサブユニットDに連結される1個または複数の以下の連結部位を有し、該連結部位は、以下:
a. S1上、S2上、またはS2(もしくはS2とS1の両方)が開裂した場合にアグリコン酸素上に位置する任意の反応性ヒドロキシ基、Nまたはエポキシ基、
b. ZまたはW上に位置する反応性>N-RN基、-NRtRs基または=O基、
c. R1、R2、R3およびR5のいずれか1個に位置する反応性ヒドロキシ基、
d. ヒドロキシ基または-NRtRs基にまず誘導体化され、次いでLの全てまたは一部に連結可能な任意の他の基(例えば、OH → =O → エポキシ →
X1-(CH2)m-Q-(CH2)n-X2 IV
(式中、
X1は、-CH2-、-OC(=O)-、-C(=O)、=NO-、-OC(=O)NH-または-C(=O)NH-から選択され、
X2は、-NH-、-CH2-、-NHC(=O)-、-OC(=O)-、-C(=O)-または-Oから選択され、
Qは、-NH-または-CH2-であり、あるいは存在せず、
式中、各-CH2-基または-NH-基は、C1〜C7アルキル、C2〜C7アルケニル、C2〜C7アルキニル、C(O)Rx、C(O)ORx、C(O)NHRxで置換されていてもよく、式中、Rxは、C1〜C7アルキル、アリールまたはヘテロアリールであり、
記号mおよびnは独立に0〜4の整数であって、Q=NHの場合にはnを0にすることはできない)。
RaおよびRbは、互いに独立に、水素またはハロゲンであり、
Rcは、ヒドロキシ、アルコキシ(好ましくは、メトキシ)、アルキル、チオカルバモイル、カルバモイルまたは原子価結合であり、
RdおよびReは、互いに独立に、水素、OH、CH3またはC1〜C4アルコキシ(好ましくは、メトキシまたはn-プロポキシ)であり、あるいは各々は、他方とともに1,3-ジオキソラン環を形成する(アルキルまたはアルケニルで一置換または二置換されていてもよい)基(好ましくは、2,2-ジメチルまたは2-モノプロピルまたはトランス-プロペニル環)または原子価結合であり、
Rfは、水素、ヒドロキシ、クロロ、またはそれが結合している炭素原子とともにケト基を形成する=Oであり、
Rjは、水素またはクロロである。
(1)状態、障害または病態に罹り得るまたは罹りやすいが、状態、障害または病態の臨床症状または準臨床的症状をまだ経験または示していない哺乳動物において発生する状態、障害または病態の少なくとも1つの臨床症状の出現を予防または遅延させること、
(2)状態、障害または病態を抑制すること、すなわち、疾患またはその少なくとも1つの臨床症状もしくは準臨床的症状の進行を抑止または縮小させること、あるいは
(3)疾患を緩和させること、すなわち、状態、障害もしくは病態またはその少なくとも1つの臨床症状もしくは準臨床的症状を退行させることを含む。
・リウマチ様関節炎-患部関節の疼痛、腫脹、熱および圧痛;全身性の朝のこわばり
・インシュリン依存性糖尿病-膵島炎;この病態は、網膜症、神経障害、腎症、冠状動脈疾患、末梢血管疾患および脳血管疾患を含めて、炎症部分を有する様々な合併症をもたらし得る
・自己免疫甲状腺炎-衰弱、便秘、呼吸促迫、顔や手足の腫れ、四肢浮腫、徐脈
・多発性硬化症-けい縮性、かすみ目、めまい、手足の衰え、知覚異常
・ブドウ膜網膜炎-夜間視力の低下、周辺視力の喪失
・エリテマトーデス-関節痛、発疹、光線過敏症、発熱、筋痛、手足の腫れ、検尿異常(血尿、円柱尿、タンパク尿)、糸球体腎炎、認知障害、血栓症、心外膜炎
・強皮症-レイノー病;手、腕、足および顔の腫脹;皮膚の肥厚;指および膝の疼痛、腫脹およびこわばり、胃腸障害、拘束性肺疾患;心外膜炎;腎不全
・リウマチ様脊椎炎、骨関節炎、敗血症性関節炎、多発性関節炎などの炎症部分を有する他の関節炎-発熱、疼痛、腫脹、圧痛
・髄膜炎、アルツハイマー病、AIDS痴呆脳炎などの他の炎症性脳障害-しゅう明、認知障害、記憶喪失
・網膜炎などの他の目の炎症-視力低下
・湿疹、他の(例えば、アトピー性、接触性)皮膚炎、乾せん、UV照射(太陽光線および類似のUV源)によって誘発される火傷などの炎症性皮膚障害-紅斑、疼痛、剥離(scaling)、腫脹、圧痛
・クローン病、潰よう性大腸炎などの炎症性腸疾患-疼痛、下痢、便秘、直腸出血、発熱、関節炎
・喘息-呼吸促迫、喘鳴
・アレルギー性鼻炎などの他のアレルギー障害-くしゃみ、かゆみ、鼻水
・脳卒中後の大脳損傷などの急性トラウマに付随する病態-感覚喪失、運動性失調、認知障害
・心筋虚血による心臓組織傷害-疼痛、呼吸促迫
・成人呼吸窮迫症候群において発生するものなどの肺の損傷-呼吸促迫、過換気、酸素添加減少、肺浸潤
・敗血症、敗血症ショック、毒素ショック症候群などの炎症を伴う感染、-発熱、呼吸不全、頻脈、低血圧、白血球増多症
・腎炎(例えば、糸球体腎炎)-乏尿、検尿異常;虫垂炎-発熱、疼痛、圧痛、白血球増多症;痛風-患部関節の疼痛、圧痛、腫脹および紅斑、血清および/または尿中の尿酸増加;
胆のう炎-腹部の疼痛および圧痛、発熱、悪心、白血球増多症;
慢性閉塞性肺疾患-呼吸促迫、喘鳴;
うっ血性心不全-呼吸促迫、ラ音、四肢浮腫;
II型糖尿病-心血管疾患、眼球疾患、腎臓疾患および末梢血管疾患を含めた末端器合併症
肺線維症-過換気、呼吸促迫、酸素添加減少;
アテローム性動脈硬化症、再狭窄などの血管疾患-疼痛、感覚喪失、脈拍減少、機能喪失、
および移植拒絶をもたらす同種免疫-疼痛、圧痛、発熱などの特定の器官または組織に関連する他の炎症性の病態などがある。
ZとWはともに-N(RN)C(O)-、-C(O)N(RN)-、>C-NRSRt、-C(O)-、>C=N-RM-CH2NRN-または-NRNCH2-であり、最も好ましくは、-NCH3CH2-、-NHCH2-、-CH2NH-、-C(O)NH、-NHCO-であり、
RS、Rtは、メチルまたはHであり、
RMは、OHまたはメトキシであり、
XはOであり、
RNは、H、メチル、または-C(=X)-NRtRSであり、
Aは、Hまたはメチルであり、
U、Yは、H、F、メチルまたはヒドロキシメチルであり、
R1は、ヒドロキシ、-O-S2、または=Oであり、
R2は、H、ヒドロキシまたはメトキシであり、
R3は、OH、メトキシ、またはWもしくはZとともに環式カルバメート架橋を形成する基であり、
R4はメチルであり、
R5は、H、OH、メトキシ、またはR3とともに環式カーボネートもしくはカルバメート架橋を形成する基であり、
R8は、H、N(CH3)2、NH(CH3)またはN(CH3)CH2CH3であり、
R9はHである。
a)X2が-NHC(O)-である式Iの化合物は、式VIの化合物
この反応は、一般に、ハロゲン化物(例えば二塩化エチレン-EDC)などのカルボン酸基を活性化することができる酸誘導体、混合無水物、特にカルボジイミドを用いて実施される。この反応は、一般に、アルゴン、窒素などの不活性雰囲気下、室温で実施される。この反応は、完結するまで数時間から数日を要することがある。
ヒトグルココルチコイド受容体のアルファアイソフォームの遺伝子(EMBL受託番号M10901)を逆転写ポリメラーゼ連鎖反応法によってクローン化する。全RNAを、製造者(Qiagen)の指示に従ってヒト末梢血リンパ球から単離し、AMV逆転写酵素(Roche)を用いてcDNAに50Cで45分間転写し、その遺伝子を特異的プライマー
1)5'ATATGGATCCCTGATGGACTCCAAAGAATCATTAACTCC3'および
2)5'ATATCTCGAGGGCAGTCACTTTTGATGAAACAGAAG3'
、ならびにpfxポリメラーゼ(Invitrogen)によって増幅させる。
96ウェルプレート中に、試験ステロイドを、10%FBSを補充したRPMI培地(Instituted of Immunology、Zagreb)で希釈したものを3連で準備する。この化合物溶液に、1個のウェルにつき20000個の細胞を添加し、5%CO2雰囲気中37℃で終夜インキュベートし、次いで[3H]チミジン(Pharmacia)1μCiを添加し、その混合物をさらに3時間インキュベートする。GF/Cフィルター(Packard)上で減圧して細胞を収集する。各ウェルにMicroscynt Oシンチレーション液(Packard)30μlを添加し、取り込まれた放射能をβ-シンチレーションカウンター(Packard)で測定する。グルココルチコイドによるアポトーシス誘導の特異性は、ミフェプリストーン(Sigma)による増殖阻害の拮抗作用によって証明される。
体重が20〜25gのオスのBALB/cマウスを複数のグループに無作為に分け、0日および14日に卵白アルブミン(OVA、Sigma)を腹腔内注射して感作する。20日目に、OVA(正の対照または試験グループ)またはPBS(負の対照)を鼻腔内投与する負荷試験にマウスを供する。OVAの鼻腔内投与から48時間後にマウスに麻酔をかけ、肺をPBS 1mLでリンスする。この細胞をCytospin 3集細胞遠心機(Shandon)で分離する。細胞をDiff-Quick(Dade)で染色し、少なくとも100個の細胞を分画計数(differential counting)して好酸球の割合を求める。
体重200〜250gのオスのウィスターラットを無作為に分別する。試験化合物および標準グルココルチコイドを、1日1回3日間皮下注射経路によって投与する。3日目にラットに寒冷ストレス(4℃、1時間)を与え、チオペンタール(Pliva Inc.)で麻酔をかけて、血液をヘパリン上に採取する。各ラットから胸腺全体を摘出しすぐに重量を測定する。分析するまで血しょうを-70℃で保存する。血しょう1mLまたはコルチコステロン標準PBS希釈液からコルチコステロンをクロロホルム(5mL)で抽出し、干渉化合物を0.1M NaOHで洗浄し、硫酸:H2O:C2H5OH=8:2:1を添加する。60分後に蛍光を測定する。励起/発光波長は470/530である。
末梢血単核球(PMBC)は、ヘパリン処置全血からフィコール-ハイパック(Amersham-Pharmacia)でPMBCを分離して調製される。TNF-αレベルを測定する場合には、マイクロタイター平底プレート(96ウェル、Falcon)上で、10%熱失活ヒトAB血清(Croatian Centre For Transfusion Medicine、Zagreb)、ペニシリン100単位/mL、ストレプトマイシン100mg/mLおよび20mM HEPES(Invitrogen Life Technologies)を補充したRPMI 1640培地中で3.5〜5x104個の細胞を総体積200μl中で18〜24時間培養する。5%CO2および90%水分の雰囲気中で37℃で細胞をインキュベートする。負の対照の細胞を培地のみで培養し(NC)、正の対照におけるTNF-αの分泌を1μg/mLリポ多糖(LPS、エシェリキア コリ(E. coli)血清型0111:B4、SIGMA)で刺激した(PC)。TNF-α分泌に対する試験物質の効果を、LPSで刺激した細胞培養物にそれらを添加した後に試験する(TS)。細胞上清中のTNF-αレベルをELISAによって製造者(R&D Systems)の指示に従って測定する。試験感度は<3pg/mL TNF-αであった。IL-1βレベルを、1x105細胞/ウェルおよび0.1ng/mLのLPSのみを使用して、TNF-αの測定と同様に測定する。IL-1βレベルをELISA(R&D Systems)によって測定する。TNF-αまたはIL-1β産生の阻害割合を以下の式によって計算する。
%阻害=[1-(TS-NC)/(PC-NC)]x100
細胞を、DMEM培地(Invitrogen Life Technologies)中の10%ウシ胎児血清(FBS)中で、5%CO2および90%水分の雰囲気下37℃で増殖させる。20000細胞/ウェルを96ウェルプレート(Falcon)に播く。負の対照の細胞を培地のみで培養し(NC)、正の対照におけるTNF-αの分泌を500pg/mLリポ多糖(LPS、エシェリキア コリ(E. coli)血清型0111:B4、SIGMA)で刺激する(PC)。TNF-α分泌に対する試験物質の効果を、LPSで刺激した細胞培養物にそれらを添加した後に試験する(TS)。細胞上清中のTNF-αレベルをELISAによって製造者(R&D Systems、Biosource)の指示に従って測定する。TNF-α産生の阻害割合を以下の式によって計算する。
%阻害=[1-(TS-NC)/(PC-NC)]x100
hPGH-1およびhPGH-2をコードする遺伝子を、ヒト胎盤cDNAライブラリ(Stratagene)からPlatinum pfx DNAポリメラーゼ(Invitrogen Life Technologies)を使用してPCRで増幅する。hPGH-1に使用するプライマー配列は、5' ATATAAGCTTGCGCCATGAGCCGGAGTCTTC 3'および5' ATATGGATCCTCAGAGCTCTGTGGATGGTCGC 3'であり、hPGH-2は、5' ATATAAGCTTGCTGCGATGCTCGCCCGC 3'および5' ATATGGATCCCTACAGTTCAGTTCAGTCGAACGTTC 3'である。PCR産物を、pcDNA3.1 Hygro(+)プラスミド(Invitrogen Life Technologies)のHindIIIおよびBamHI制限酵素切断部位にクローン化し、配列決定によって配列を確認する。
%阻害=(1-試料PGE-2濃度/正の対照PGE-2濃度)x100
マウスにおけるTNF-α分泌を、既報の方法(Badger A. M.等、J. of Pharmac. and Env. Therap. 279 1996 1453〜1461)に従って誘導する。試験では、8〜12週齢のオスのBALB/cマウスを6〜10匹のグループで使用する。25μg/匹の用量のLPS(エシェリキア コリ(E. coli)血清型0111:B4、Sigma)で腹腔内治療する30分前に、溶媒のみ(負および正の対照)または試験物質の溶液で経口処理する。2時間後にRoumpun(Bayer)およびKetanest(Park-Davis)を腹腔内注射して動物を安楽死させる。各動物の血液試料を「バキュテイナー(vacutaner)」管(Becton Dickinson)に収集し、製造者の指示に従って血しょうを分離する。血しょう中のTNF-αレベルを、ELISA(Biosource、R&D Systems)によって製造者が定める方法に従って測定する。試験感度は<3pg/mL TNF-αであった。TNF-α産生の阻害割合を以下の式によって計算する。
%阻害=[1-(TS-NC)/(PC-NC)]x100
この試験では、マウスの腹腔に刺激薬、通常は酢酸を注射して疼痛を起こす。動物が特徴的なライジング(writhing)で反応することからこの試験が命名された(Collier H. O. J.等 Pharmac. Chemother. 1968、32、295〜310; Fukawa K.等 J. Pharmacol. Meth.、1980、4、251〜259; Schweizer A.等 Agents Actions、1988、23、29〜31)。この試験は、化合物の鎮痛活性を測定するのに適切である。方法:8〜12週齢のオスのBALB-/cマウス(Charles River、Italy)を使用する。対照グループには、濃度0.6%の酢酸を腹腔内投与する30分前にメチルセルロースを経口投与する。これに対して、試験グループには、0.6%酢酸(体積0.1mL/10g)を腹腔内投与する30分前にメチルセルロース中の標準物質(アセチルサリチル酸)または試験物質を経口投与する。マウスをそれぞれガラス漏斗の下に置き、各動物のライジング数(the number of writhings)を20分間記録する。ライジングの阻害割合を次式に従って計算する。
%阻害=(対照グループの平均ライジング数-試験グループのライジング数)/対照グループのライジング数x100
8〜12週齢のオスのBALB/cマウス(Charles River、Italy)を使用する。Serratie marcessansから単離されたLPS(Sigma、L-6136)を無菌食塩水で希釈する。最初のLPSを用量4μg/マウスで皮内注射する。18〜24時間後に、LPSを用量200μg/マウスで静脈内投与する。対照グループには、上述の方法でLPSを2回注射する。試験グループには、各LPS投与の30分前に試験物質を経口投与する。24時間後の生存を観察する。
HIV-1形質転換T4-細胞系MT-4は、HIV感染に対する感受性が極めて高く、標的細胞系として役立つことが判明している(Koyanagi等、Int. J. Cancer、36、445〜451、1985)。HIVによって誘導される細胞変性効果の阻害は指標として使用される。HIV感染細胞および偽感染細胞の生存度を、MTTのin situ還元によって分光光学的に評価する。50%細胞傷害性濃度を、偽感染対照試料の吸光度を50%減少させる化合物濃度と定義する。HIV感染細胞において本化合物によって得られる保護割合を、HIV感染細胞において、所与の濃度の試験化合物を用いて測定される光学濃度として計算する。細胞障害効果と保護効果の比を測定する。
新規な化合物の活性を、Lohmann等によって報告された方法を応用して求める[V. Lohmann等、Science、1999、285、110〜113]。
EL-4細胞系を使用してインビトロで抗新生物活性をスクリーニングする。10%FBS(Invitrogen)を補充したDMEM培地(Invitrogen)中、37℃、5%CO2、相対湿度90%で細胞を増殖させる。96ウェルプレート中、化合物を10-5〜10-10Mに希釈し、30000細胞/ウェルでアッセイを実施する。24時間処理した後に、3H標識チミジン(Amersham)を4時間添加する。細胞を、GF/Cフィルター(Packard)を用いて細胞ハーベスター(Packard)により収集する。シンチレーション液(Microscint 20、Packard)を添加し、シンチレーションを数える。
0日目に106個の生細胞をDBA2マウス(オス9〜12週、20〜30g)に腹腔内投与する。1、2および3日目に、シスプラチンまたはハイブリッド化合物を単一または複数回腹腔内投与して動物を処置する。動物の体重を毎日測定し、腫瘍進行の徴候があるかどうかを毎日2回観察し、体重が開始時の体重の80%未満になった場合、または他の毒物学上の重大な問題が見られた場合には屠殺する。実験の最後に、肉眼解剖学上の変化を記録する。
オスのC57BL/6Jマウスに、106個のB16F10生細胞を腹腔内(i.p)接種する。0日目に細胞を注射し、その後、遊離シスプラチンまたはハイブリッド化合物を単一または複数回腹腔内投与する。動物を上述したようにモニターする。
オスのC57BL/6Jマウスに、105個のB16F10生細胞を皮下(s.c.)接種する。直交する2つの直径の積で測定した面積が約50〜70mm2になるまで腫瘍を成長させる。皮下腫瘍を有するマウスを、2、5、10、15mgPt/kgの遊離シスプラチンまたはハイブリッド化合物19〜21を腹腔内または静脈内注射することによって治療する。
中間体調製
中間体A
様々なピペリジンのDMF溶液を調製し、以下のとおりビーズに注いだ。
5%ピペリジン/DMF 10分間(〜10ml)
30%ピペリジン/DMF 15分間(〜10ml)
50%ピペリジン/DMF 30分間(〜10ml)
脱保護した後に樹脂をDMFで洗浄した。
第2のアミノ酸Fmoc-ロイシン(1060mg、3mmol)および2-(1H-ベンゾトリアゾール-1イル)-1,1,3,3-テトラメチルウロニウムヘキサフルオロホスフェート(HBTU)をDMF 3mLに溶解し、反応管中のモノマー/樹脂混合物にDIPEA 0.216mL(5mmol)とともに素早く添加した。
無水酢酸10当量(2,04ml)およびDIPEA 10当量(3,48ml)をDMF 5mlに溶かした溶液を調製した。この溶液2,5mlを反応混合物に5分間添加した。
第2のアミノ酸を以下のとおりピペリジンのDMF溶液で脱保護し、多量のDMFで洗浄した。
30%ピペリジン/DMF 2分間(〜10ml)
30%ピペリジン/DMF 2分間(〜10ml)
30%ピペリジン/DMF 5分間(〜10ml)
30%ピペリジン/DMF 5分間(〜10ml
カップリングと脱保護の同じ手順を、第3のアミノ酸
Fmoc-フェニルアラニン、1162mg、3mmol
HBTU、1081mg /3ml DMF
DIPEA、0,87ml
および第4のアミノ酸
Fmoc-グリシン、892mg、3mmol
HBTU、1081mg /3ml DMF
DIPEA、0,87ml
に対しても繰り返し、その後、ろ過しDMFで洗浄した。
反応管中のテトラペプチド/樹脂混合物に、デキサメタゾン酸(567mg、3当量)、HBTU(540mg、3,8当量)およびDIPEA 0,435mlのDMF 3ml溶液の混合物を添加し、混合し、終夜放置した。
無水酢酸0,5mlおよびDIPEA 0,5mlをDMF 3mlに溶かした溶液を反応混合物に5分間添加し、DCM、DMFおよびMeOHで洗浄し、減圧乾燥させた。
50%トリフルオロ酢酸のDCM溶液10mlをビーズに注ぎ、15分間混合した。試薬をろ過によって除去し、ビーズをDCMで2回洗浄した。次の酸10mlでも同じ手順を繰り返した。
ジエチルエーテルを追加しながら、回収した溶媒を蒸発させて過剰のTFAを除去した。中間体A 60,1mgを単離した。MS (m/z): 753,3 [MH]+
様々なピペリジンのDMF溶液を調製し、以下のとおりビーズに注いだ。
5%ピペリジン/DMF 10分間(〜10ml)
30%ピペリジン/DMF 15分間(〜10ml)
50%ピペリジン/DMF 30分間(〜10ml)
脱保護した後に樹脂をDMFで洗浄した。
無水酢酸10当量(2,04ml)およびDIPEA 10当量(3,48ml)をDMF 5mlに溶かした溶液を調製した。この溶液2,5mlを反応混合物に5分間添加した。
30%ピペリジン/DMF 2分間(〜10ml)
30%ピペリジン/DMF 2分間(〜10ml)
30%ピペリジン/DMF 5分間(〜10ml)
30%ピペリジン/DMF 5分間(〜10ml
Fmoc-フェニルアラニン、1162mg、3mmol
HBTU、1081mg /3ml DMF
DIPEA、0,87ml
および第4のアミノ酸
Fmoc-グリシン、892mg、3mmol
HBTU、1081mg /3ml DMF
DIPEA、0,87ml
に対しても繰り返した。第4のアミノ酸のFmocのカップリング後のみ保護基を除去しなかった。
ろ過しDMFで洗浄した後に、生成物を樹脂から取り出した。
50%トリフルオロ酢酸のDCM溶液10mlをビーズに注ぎ、15分間混合した。試薬をろ過によって除去し、ビーズをDCMで2回洗浄した。次の酸10mlでも同じ手順を繰り返した。
ジエチルエーテルを追加しながら、回収した溶媒を蒸発させて過剰のTFAを除去した。中間体B1 190,1mgを単離した。MS (m/z): 715,6 [MH]+
様々なピペリジンのDMF溶液を調製し、以下のとおりビーズに注いだ。
5%ピペリジン/DMF 10分間(〜10ml)
30%ピペリジン/DMF 15分間(〜10ml)
50%ピペリジン/DMF 30分間(〜10ml)
脱保護した後に樹脂をDMFで洗浄した。
無水酢酸0,5mlおよびDIPEA 0,5mlをDMF 3mlに溶かした溶液を反応混合物に5分間添加し、ろ過し、DCM、DMFおよびMeOHで洗浄した。
50%トリフルオロ酢酸のDCM溶液10mlをビーズに注ぎ、15分間混合した。試薬をろ過によって除去し、ビーズをDCMで2回洗浄した。次の酸10mlでも同じ手順を繰り返した。
ジエチルエーテルを追加しながら、回収した溶媒を蒸発させて過剰のTFAを除去した。生成中間体B 210,8mgを単離した。MS (m/z): 732,66 [MH]+
化合物4: R1=F、R2=H、R3=H
化合物5: R1=F、R2=F、R3=H
化合物6: R1=H、R2=F、R3=OH
V-Gly-Phe-Leu-Gly-M
アルゴン下のコハク酸パクリタキセル(1当量)の無水CH2Cl2(5ml)溶液に、トリエチルアミン9当量、1-ヒドロキシベンゾトリアゾール2当量、9-デオキソ-9a-アザ-9a-(γ-アミノプロピル)-9a-ホモエリスロマイシンA 1当量および1-(3-ジメチルアミノプロピル)-3-エチル-カルボジイミド塩酸塩4当量を添加する。この反応混合物をアルゴン気流中室温で24時間攪拌し、次いで、減圧蒸発させて減量し、シリカゲルカラムを用い、クロロホルム、メタノールおよびアンモニアを溶離剤として精製する。このクロマトグラフ生成物は次の構造式を特徴とする。
アルゴン下のコハク酸カンプトセシン(1当量)の無水CH2Cl2(5ml)溶液に、トリエチルアミン9当量、1-ヒドロキシベンゾトリアゾール2当量、9-デオキソ-9a-アザ-9a-(γ-アミノプロピル)-9a-ホモエリスロマイシンA 1当量および1-(3-ジメチルアミノプロピル)-3-エチル-カルボジイミド塩酸塩4当量を添加する。この反応混合物をアルゴン気流中室温で24時間攪拌し、次いで、減圧蒸発させて減量し、シリカゲルカラムを用い、クロロホルム、メタノールおよびアンモニアを溶離剤として精製する。このクロマトグラフ生成物は次の構造式を特徴とする。
アルゴン下のγ-メチル-N'-[4-[N-[(2,4-ジアミノ-6-プテリジニル)メチル]-N-メチルアミノ]ベンゾイル]-L-グルタメート(1当量)の無水DMF溶液に、1,1-カルボニルジイミダゾール(DMF 5mL溶液)2当量を添加する。この反応混合物を-5℃で24時間攪拌し、次いで、化合物9-デオキソ-9a-アザ-9a-(γ-ヒドロキシプロピル)-9a-ホモエリスロマイシンA 1当量の無水DMF溶液を添加する。この反応混合物を100℃で48時間加熱し、次いで、蒸発させ、シリカゲルカラムを用い、クロロホルム、メタノールおよびアンモニアを溶離剤として使用して精製する。このクロマトグラフ生成物は次の構造式を特徴とする。
アルゴン下の5'-O-スクシニルジドブジン(1当量)の無水CH2Cl2(5ml)溶液に、トリエチルアミン9当量、1-ヒドロキシベンゾトリアゾール2当量、9-デオキソ-9a-アザ-9a-(γ-アミノプロピル)-9a-ホモエリスロマイシンA 1当量および1-(3-ジメチルアミノプロピル)-3-エチル-カルボジイミド塩酸塩4当量を添加する。この反応混合物をアルゴン気流中室温で24時間攪拌し、次いで、減圧蒸発させて減量し、シリカゲルカラムを用い、クロロホルム、メタノールおよびアンモニアを溶離剤として精製する。このクロマトグラフ生成物は次の構造式を特徴とする。
Pyr: ピリジン
NEt3: トリエチルアミン
4-PP: 4-ピロロピリジン
DMAP: 2,6-ジメチルアミノピリジン
DIPEA: N,N'-ジイソプロピルエチルアミン
DMF: ジメチルホルムアミド
TFA: トリフルオロ酢酸
Claims (22)
- 式I
Mは、
式II:
(i)ZおよびWは独立に、>C=O、>CH2、>CH−NRtRS、>N−RNもしくは>C=N−RM、または結合であって(式中、
RtおよびRSは独立に水素またはC1−10アルキルであり、
RMは、ヒドロキシ、C1−10アルコキシ、置換C1−10アルコキシまたはOR p であり、
RNは、水素、R p 、C1−10アルキル、C2−10アルケニル、C2−10アルキニル、C1−10アルコキシ、C1−10アルコキシアルキルまたは−C(X)−NRtRS(式中、Xは=Oまたは=Sである)である)、
ZとWは同時に、>C=O、>CH2、>CH−NRtRS、>N−RNもしくは>C=N−RM、または結合とすることができず、
(ii)UおよびYは独立に、水素、ハロゲン、C1−10アルキルまたはヒドロキシC1−10アルキルであり、
(iii)R1は、ヒドロキシ、OR p 、−O−S2基または=Oであり、
(iv)S1は次式:
R8およびR9はどちらも水素であり、または一緒に結合を形成し、あるいはR9は水素であり、R8は−N(CH3)Ry(式中、
RyはR p 、Rzまたは−C(O)Rz(式中、Rzは、水素、C1−10アルキル、C2−10アルケニル、C2−10アルキニル、C3−8シクロアルキル、C6−14アリール、C2−10ヘテロアリール、またはC2−C7アルキル、C2−C7アルケニル、C2−C7アルキニル、C6−14アリールもしくはC2−10ヘテロアリールで置換されたC1−10アルキルである)である)であり、
R10は、水素またはR p である)
の糖部分であり、
(v)S2は次式:
R3’は水素またはメチルであり、
R11は水素またはR p であり、あるいはO−R11はR12とC/4’’炭素原子とともに>C=Oまたはエポキシ基を形成する基であり、
R12は水素、またはO−R11基とC/4’’炭素原子とともに>C=Oもしくはエポキシ基を形成する基である)
の糖部分であり、
(vi)R2は、水素、ヒドロキシ、OR p またはC1−10アルコキシであり、
(vii)Aは、水素またはメチルであり、
(viii)Bは、メチルまたはエポキシであり、
(ix)Eは、水素またはハロゲンであり、
(x)R3は、ヒドロキシ、OR p もしくはC1−10アルコキシであり、またはR3は、R5とC/11炭素原子とC/12炭素原子とともに環式カーボネートもしくは環式カルバメートを形成する基であり、またはWもしくはZが>N−RNである場合には、WもしくはZとともに環式カルバメートを形成する基であり、
(xi)R4は、C1−C4アルキルであり、
(xii)R5は、水素、ヒドロキシ、OR p 、C1−C4アルコキシ、またはR3とC/11炭素原子とC/12炭素原子とともに環式カーボネートもしくは環式カルバメートを形成する基であり、
(xiii)R6は、水素またはC1−C4アルキルである]
の基であり、
Rpは、ヒドロキシまたはアミノ保護基であって、
Mは、これが連結基Lを介してVに連結される連結部位を有し、該連結部位は、以下:
a)S1上、S2上、あるいはS1および/またはS2が開裂した場合にアグリコン酸素上に位置する任意の反応性ヒドロキシ基、窒素またはエポキシ基、
b)ZまたはW上に位置する反応性>N−RN基、−NRtRs基または=O基、
c)R1、R2、R3およびR5のいずれか1個に位置する反応性ヒドロキシ基、
d)ヒドロキシ基または−NRtRs基にまず誘導体化することができる任意の他の基、
の一種以上である]
のマクロライドサブユニットであり、
Vは、
i)式X:
RaおよびRbは独立に水素またはハロゲンであり、
Rcは、ヒドロキシ、C1−10アルコキシ、C1−10アルキル、チオカルバモイル、カルバモイルまたは原子価結合であり、
RdおよびReは独立に、水素、ヒドロキシ、メチルまたはC1−C4アルコキシであり、あるいは各々は他方とともに1,3−ジオキソラン環を形成する基または原子価結合であり、
Rfは、水素、ヒドロキシ、クロロであるか、またはそれが結合している炭素原子とともにケト基を形成し、
Rjは、水素またはハロゲンである]
で示される抗炎症性ステロイドサブユニット、および
ii)アセクロフェナク、アセメタシン、アセトアミノフェン、アセトアミノサロール、アセチルサリチル酸、アセチルサリチル−2−アミノ−4−ピコリン酸、5−アミノアセチルサリチル酸、アルクロフェナック、アミノプロフェン、アンフェナク、アンピロン、アンピロキシカム、アニレリジン、ベンダザック、ベノキサプロフェン、ベルモプロフェン、α−ビサボロール、ブロムフェナク、5−ブロモサリチル酸アセテート、ブロモサリゲニン、ブクロキシック酸、ブチブフェン、カルプロフェン、セレコキシブ、クロモグリク酸、シンメタシン、クリダナク、クロピラク、ジクロフェナクナトリウム、ジフルニサル、ジタゾール、ドロキシカム、エンフェナミック酸、エトドラク、エトフェナメート、フェルビナク、フェンブフェン、フェンクロジック酸、フェンドサル、フェノプロフェン、フェンチアザク、フェプラジノール、フルフェナック、フルフェナム酸、フルニキシン、フルノキサプロフェン、フルルビプロフェン、グルカメタシン、サリチル酸グリコール、イブフェナック、イブプロフェン、イブプロキサム、インドメタシン、インドプロフェン、イソフェゾラック、イソキセパック、イソキシカム、ケトプロフェン、ケトロラック、ロルノキシカム、ロキソプロフェン、メクロフェナム酸、メフェナム酸、メロキシカム、メサラミン、メチアジン酸、モフェゾラク、モンテルカスト、ナブメトン、ナプロキセン、ニフルム酸、ニメスリド、オルサラジン、オキサセプロール、オキサプロジン、オキシフェンブタゾン、パラセタモール、パルサルミド、ペリソキサール、フェニル−アセチル−サリチレート、フェニルブタゾン、フェニルサリシレート、ピラゾラック、ピロキシカム、ピルプロフェン、プラノプロフェン、プロチジン酸、リサーバラトル、サルアセトアミド、サリチルアミド、サリチルアミド−O−酢酸、サリチル硫酸、サリシン、サリチルアミド、サルサレート、スリンダク、スプロフェン、スキシブゾン、タモキシフェン、テノキシカム、チアプロフェン酸、チアラミド、チクロピジン、チノリジン、トルフェナム酸、トルメチン、トロペシン、キセンブシン、キシモプロフェン、ザルトプロフェン、ゾメピラック、トモキシプロール、ザフィルルカストおよびシクロスポリンから選択されるNSAIDから誘導される非ステロイド抗炎症性サブユニット
から選択され、
Lは、MとVの各々共有結合しているリンカー分子であり、ここに、Lが2〜50個のアミノ酸のポリペプチドを含むペプチドリンカーである}
の化合物、薬剤として許容されるそれらの塩または溶媒和化合物、あるいはそれらの個々のジアステレオ異性体。 - ZおよびWが一緒になって−N(CH3)−CH2−、−NH−CH2−、−CH2−NH−、−C(O)−NH−または−NH−C(O)−であり、
AおよびBがメチルであり、
Eが水素であり、
R2がヒドロキシまたはメトキシであり、
S1がデソサミン糖であり(式中、R8は、水素、メチル、アミノ、C1〜C6アルキルアミノまたはC1〜C6ジアルキルアミノから選択され、
R9およびR10は水素である)、
R1がヒドロキシ基またはO−S2基であり(式中、S2はクラジノース糖(式中、R11は水素であり、またはO−R11はR12とC/4’’素原子とともに>C=Oもしくはエポキシ基を形成する基であり、R12は水素またはO−R11とC/4’’炭素原子とともに>C=Oもしくはエポキシ基を形成する基であり、R 3’ はメチルである)である)、
Uが水素であり、
Yがメチルであり、
R 6 がヒドロキシ、メチルまたはエチルであり、
R5が水素、ヒドロキシ、メトキシ、またはR3とC/11炭素原子とC/12炭素原子とともに環式カーボネートもしくはカルバメート架橋を形成する基であり、
R3がヒドロキシ、またはWもしくはZとともに環式カルバメート架橋を形成する基であり、あるいはR5とC/11炭素原子とC/12炭素原子とともに環式カーボネートもしくはカルバメート架橋を形成する基であり、
R4がメチルであって、
前記連結が、N/9a位のZの窒素、S2糖のC/4’’位のR12の炭素、またはS2糖のC/4’’位のR11の酸素を介する、請求項1に記載の化合物。 - Vが、S−(+)−イブプロフェン、インドメタシン、フルルビプロフェン、ナプロキセン、ケトプロフェン、アセチルサリチル酸、スリンダク、エトドラク、ケトロラック、スプロフェン、フルニキシン、ジクロフェナクナトリウムおよびトルメチンナトリウムから選択されるNSAIDから誘導される、請求項1に記載の化合物。
- 前記ポリペプチドが、Gly−Phe−Leu、Gly−Gly−Phe、Gly−Phe−Phe、Gly−Phe−Gly、Gly−Leu−Gly、Gly−Val−Ala、Gly−Phe−Ala、Gly−Leu−Phe、Gly−Leu−Ala、Ala−Val−Ala、Gly−Gly−Phe−Leu、Gly−Phe−Leu−Gly、Gly−Phe−Ala−Leu、Ala−Leu−Ala−Leu、Gly−Phe−Phe−Leu、Gly−Leu−Leu−Gly、Gly−Phe−Tyr−Ala、Gly−Phe−Gly−Phe、Ala−Gly−Val−PheおよびGly−Phe−Phe−Glyからなる群から選択される、請求項1に記載の化合物。
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-
2003
- 2003-07-08 AU AU2003264917A patent/AU2003264917A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2003-07-08 US US10/616,046 patent/US7157433B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2003-07-08 JP JP2004519131A patent/JP4530851B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2003-07-08 CN CN038160978A patent/CN1665831A/zh active Pending
- 2003-07-08 RS YUP-2005/0006A patent/RS20050006A/sr unknown
- 2003-07-08 WO PCT/IB2003/003792 patent/WO2004005313A2/en active Application Filing
- 2003-07-08 EP EP03762853A patent/EP1551865B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-07-08 PL PL03375162A patent/PL375162A1/xx not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2003-07-08 DE DE60327341T patent/DE60327341D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-07-08 ES ES03762853T patent/ES2325495T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-07-08 AT AT03762853T patent/ATE429441T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2003-07-10 AR ARP030102490A patent/AR043103A1/es unknown
-
2005
- 2005-01-04 HR HR20050002A patent/HRP20050002A2/xx not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2005-02-02 NO NO20050575A patent/NO329867B1/no not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2005-02-04 IS IS7685A patent/IS2680B/is unknown
Also Published As
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PL375162A1 (en) | 2005-11-28 |
AR043103A1 (es) | 2005-07-20 |
AU2003264917A8 (en) | 2004-01-23 |
IS2680B (is) | 2010-09-15 |
DE60327341D1 (de) | 2009-06-04 |
WO2004005313A2 (en) | 2004-01-15 |
ATE429441T1 (de) | 2009-05-15 |
WO2004005313A3 (en) | 2005-04-21 |
JP2005538070A (ja) | 2005-12-15 |
ES2325495T3 (es) | 2009-09-07 |
HRP20050002A2 (en) | 2006-03-31 |
NO20050575L (no) | 2005-03-15 |
AU2003264917A1 (en) | 2004-01-23 |
EP1551865B1 (en) | 2009-04-22 |
CN1665831A (zh) | 2005-09-07 |
NO329867B1 (no) | 2011-01-17 |
RS20050006A (en) | 2007-09-21 |
IS7685A (is) | 2005-02-04 |
US20040077612A1 (en) | 2004-04-22 |
EP1551865A2 (en) | 2005-07-13 |
US7157433B2 (en) | 2007-01-02 |
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