JP4505779B2 - Method for surface treatment of steel - Google Patents
Method for surface treatment of steel Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP4505779B2 JP4505779B2 JP2001154503A JP2001154503A JP4505779B2 JP 4505779 B2 JP4505779 B2 JP 4505779B2 JP 2001154503 A JP2001154503 A JP 2001154503A JP 2001154503 A JP2001154503 A JP 2001154503A JP 4505779 B2 JP4505779 B2 JP 4505779B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- steel material
- temperature
- shot
- transformation point
- steel
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
Images
Landscapes
- Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
Description
【０００１】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、鉄鋼材の表面金属組織を微細化させると共に表面を滑らかにし、さらに鉄鋼材の表面に大きな残留圧縮応力を生成させる鉄鋼材の表面処理方法に関する。
【０００２】
【従来の技術】
一般に鉄鋼材を表面処理する方法としてショットピ−ニングが広く知られている。ショットピ−ニングは鉄鋼材の表面部分圧延に相当するため、その伸び率が大きく関係し、鉄鋼材の表面に大きな残留圧縮応力を生成させるためには鉄鋼材の伸び率は小さい方がよい。したがって大きな残留圧縮応力を生成させる目的の際には、鉄鋼材の常温（伸び率１５〜２５％）の特性領域でショットピ−ニングを行っている。これに対し鉄鋼材の表面金属組織を微細化させたり、表面を滑らかに仕上げるためには鉄鋼材の伸び率が大きい方がよく、それぞれの目的に合わせた種々のショットピ−ニングが特開昭５８−１９２６４３号、特公平５−５１４３３号、特開平５−２７７９４４号、特公平６−９９７３９号、特公平６−７２２５４号、特開平５−２７７９４５号の各公報により公知にされている。
【０００３】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
一方、近年ショットピ−ニング処理に対し、製品の多様化に伴い、鉄鋼材の表面に大きな残留圧縮応力を生成させる他に、鉄鋼材の表面金属組織を微細化させたり、表面を滑らかにする仕上げ効果を求められるようになり、対応できないという問題が起こっている。
本発明は上記の問題に鑑みて成されたもので、鉄鋼材の表面金属組織の微細化及び表面を滑らかに仕上げ、さらに鉄鋼材の表面に大きな残留圧縮応力を生成させる鉄鋼材の表面処理方法を提供することを目的とする。
【０００４】
【課題を解決するための手段】
上記の目的を達成するための本発明における第１の発明は、鉄鋼材をＡ 3 変態点の温度に対して−１００℃以上＋５０℃以下の範囲の温度まで加熱し、該加熱された鉄鋼材に対して、ショットを投射することを特徴とする。
【０００５】
また第２の発明は、鉄鋼材をＡ 3 変態点の温度に対して−１００℃以上＋５０℃以下の範囲の温度まで加熱し、該加熱された鉄鋼材に対して、先端にショットを固着させたハンマ−により繰り返しハンマリングすることを特徴とする。
【０００６】
さらに第３の発明は、鉄鋼材をＡ 3 変態点の温度に対して−１００℃以上＋５０℃以下の範囲の温度まで加熱した後、Ａ3変態点を中心に昇温及び降温を繰り返し、該昇温及び降温を繰り返している間に鉄鋼材に対して、ショットを投射することを特徴とする。
【０００７】
加えて第４の発明は、鉄鋼材をＡ 3 変態点の温度に対して−１００℃以上＋５０℃以下の範囲の温度まで加熱した後、Ａ3変態点を中心に昇温及び降温を繰り返し、該昇温及び降温を繰り返している間に鉄鋼材に対して、先端にショットを固着させたハンマ−により繰り返しハンマリングすることを特徴とする。
【０００８】
加えて第５の発明は、前記請求項１乃至４のいずれかに記載の鉄鋼材の表面処理の後に、二次処理として鉄鋼材に常温のショットピ−ニングを施すことを特徴とする。
【０００９】
加えて第６の発明は、前記ショットの大きさが、半径０．０３〜１．０ｍｍであることを特徴とする。
【００１０】
なお本発明においてＡ3変態点近傍とは、Ａ3変態点の温度に対して−１００℃以上＋５０℃以下の範囲の温度のことをいう。
【００１１】
【作用】
本発明は、上記のような方法を採用することにより、鉄鋼材の伸び率を数１００％にも大きくした領域でショットを投射又はハンマリングするため、鉄鋼材の表面金属組織が微細化されると共に表面を滑らかに仕上げることもできる。さらに二次処理として常温のショットピ−ニングを施すことで、鉄鋼材の表面に大きな残留圧縮応力が生成されるようになる。
【００１２】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、本発明の実施の形態を詳しく説明する。表１は以下のテストにおいて使用した鉄鋼材の化学成分を示す。
【００１３】
【表１】
（伸び率テスト）
鉄鋼材を恒温室で温度管理しながら鋼球ショット１個による圧痕をつけ、そのときの圧痕の中央断面の所定位置の表面線の長さを測定し、特定の温度での伸びに対する比を示したのが図１である。該鉄鋼材のＡ3変態点（体心立方格子の結晶構造をもつフェライト組織から面心立方格子のオ−ステナイト組織への相転移）は９００℃を少し超したところにあり、Ａ3変態点近傍で伸び率が極大となった。
【００１５】
（金属組織の微細化テスト）
Ａ3変態点近傍の温度まで加熱された鉄鋼材に対して、エアノズル式で鋼球ショットを投射して鉄鋼材の表面金属組織を調べた。ここでは半径０．３ｍｍの鋼球ショットを用いた。また鋼球ショットは、熱による硬度低下の少ない材質のものが好ましく、ここでは超硬ショットを用いた。さらに鋼球ショットが熱を奪って鉄鋼材の温度が不安定になることを防ぐために処理室及びショット貯蔵室並びに供給エアの温度コントロ−ルを行った。
【００１６】
その結果、塑性流動が幾重にもみられ、金属組織の微細化に近いものがうかがわれた。上記テストで測定した表面粗さと温度の関係を図２に示す。表面粗さもＡ3変態点近傍で極小になっており、Ａ3変態点近傍での高い伸び率による塑性流動の容易性の結果により表面を滑らかに仕上げることが可能になった。
【００１７】
次にＡ3変態点近傍の温度まで加熱された鉄鋼材に対して、先端に鋼球ショットを固着させたハンマ−で繰り返しハンマリングして鉄鋼材の表面金属組織を調べた。ここでは半径０．３ｍｍの鋼球ショットを用いた。また鋼球ショットは、熱による硬度低下の少ない材質のものが好ましく、ここでは超硬ショットを用いた。さらに鋼球ショットが熱を奪って鉄鋼材の温度が不安定になることを防ぐために処理室の温度コントロ−ルを行った。
【００１８】
その結果、ハンマリングによる繰り返しの圧痕付けを行うことで塑性流動が幾重にも生成され、金属粒界が複雑に変化して金属組織は微細化に近いものになった。
【００１９】
（温度管理）
鉄鋼材の温度管理の方法は、上記の方法以外に鉄鋼材を両端から通電して加熱する方法もある。この場合、鉄鋼材の大きさが決まると通電量と鉄鋼材温度との相関関係が求められ、コントロ−ルが可能になる。
また鋼球ショットと鉄鋼材との間に直流の電流を通して鋼球ショットが鉄鋼材に食い込む局所部のみを加熱する方法もある。
【００２０】
なお上記テストでは半径０．３ｍｍのショットを用いたが、ショットの大きさは、これに限定されるものではなく、好ましくは半径０．０３〜１．０ｍｍの範囲内のものがよい。これは、半径０．０３ｍｍ以上だと塑性流動が生成されやすく、半径１．０ｍｍ以下だと鉄鋼材の表面の凹凸が大きくなりにくいという効果があるためである。
【００２１】
また鉄鋼材がＡ3変態点で変態を進行する過程で低作用応力を与えることで伸び率の伸長をはかろうとするのが本発明の基本的な考えであり、この現象をさらに促進するためにＡ3変態点を中心に昇温と降温を繰り返すことが有効である。
【００２２】
さらに上記鉄鋼材の表面処理の後に、二次処理として鉄鋼材に常温のショットピ−ニングを施すことで鉄鋼材の表面近傍に大きな残留圧縮応力を生成させることができる。
【００２３】
【発明の効果】
本発明は、上記の説明から明らかなように、鉄鋼材をＡ 3 変態点の温度に対して−１００℃以上＋５０℃以下の範囲の温度まで加熱し、該加熱された鉄鋼材に対して、ショットを投射又は先端にショットを固着させたハンマ−により繰り返しハンマリングするようにしたから、また鉄鋼材をＡ 3 変態点の温度に対して−１００℃以上＋５０℃以下の範囲の温度まで加熱した後、Ａ3変態点を中心に昇温及び降温を繰り返し、該昇温及び降温を繰り返している間に鉄鋼材に対して、ショットを投射又は先端にショットを固着させたハンマ−により繰り返しハンマリングするようにしたから、鉄鋼材の表面金属組織の微細化及び表面を滑らかに仕上げることができる。さらに上記鉄鋼材の表面処理の後に、二次処理として鉄鋼材に常温のショットピ−ニングを施すようにしたから、鉄鋼材の表面に大きな残留圧縮応力を生成させることができる等種々の効果がある。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図１】鉄鋼材の比伸び率と温度の関係を示すグラフである。
【図２】鉄鋼材の表面粗さと温度の関係を示すグラフである。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a surface treatment method for a steel material that refines the surface metallographic structure of the steel material, smoothes the surface, and generates a large residual compressive stress on the surface of the steel material.
[0002]
[Prior art]
In general, shot pinning is widely known as a method for surface treatment of steel materials. Since shot peening corresponds to partial surface rolling of a steel material, its elongation is greatly related, and in order to generate a large residual compressive stress on the surface of the steel material, it is better that the elongation of the steel material is smaller. Therefore, for the purpose of generating a large residual compressive stress, shot peening is performed in the characteristic region of the steel material at normal temperature (elongation rate: 15 to 25%). On the other hand, in order to refine the surface metallographic structure of the steel material or to finish the surface smoothly, it is better that the elongation rate of the steel material is large, and various shot pinning for each purpose is disclosed in JP-A-58. No. 192643, JP-B-5-51433, JP-A-5-277944, JP-B-6-99739, JP-B-6-72254, and JP-A-5-277945.
[0003]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
On the other hand, with the recent diversification of shot peening treatment, in addition to generating large residual compressive stress on the surface of the steel material, the surface metallographic structure of the steel material is refined or the surface is smoothened. There is a problem that it is not possible to cope with the demand for effects.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made in view of the above-described problems. A surface treatment method for a steel material that refines the surface metallographic structure of the steel material and finishes the surface smoothly, and generates a large residual compressive stress on the surface of the steel material. The purpose is to provide.
[0004]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The first invention in the present invention for achieving the above object is to heat a steel material to a temperature in the range of −100 ° C. to + 50 ° C. with respect to the temperature of the A 3 transformation point. On the other hand, a shot is projected.
[0005]
In the second invention, the steel material is heated to a temperature in the range of −100 ° C. to + 50 ° C. with respect to the temperature of the A 3 transformation point , and the shot is fixed to the tip of the heated steel material. It is characterized by repeatedly hammering with a hammer.
[0006]
A third aspect of the invention, after heating the steel material to a temperature in the range of -100 ° C. or higher + 50 ℃ or less with respect to a temperature of A 3 transformation point, repeatedly raised and lowered around the A 3 transformation point, the It is characterized in that a shot is projected on a steel material while repeatedly raising and lowering the temperature.
[0007]
In addition a fourth aspect of the present invention, after heating the steel material to a temperature in the range of -100 ° C. or higher + 50 ℃ or less with respect to a temperature of A 3 transformation point, repeatedly raised and lowered around the A 3 transformation point, While the temperature rise and fall are repeated, the steel material is repeatedly hammered with a hammer having a shot fixed to the tip.
[0008]
In addition, the fifth invention is characterized in that after the surface treatment of the steel material according to any one of
[0009]
In addition, the sixth invention is characterized in that the size of the shot has a radius of 0.03 to 1.0 mm.
[0010]
Note the vicinity A 3 transformation point in the present invention refers to a temperature in the range of -100 ° C. or higher + 50 ℃ or less with respect to a temperature of A 3 transformation point.
[0011]
[Action]
In the present invention, by adopting the method as described above, the shot metal is projected or hammered in a region where the elongation rate of the steel material is increased to several hundred%, so that the surface metal structure of the steel material is refined. In addition, the surface can be finished smoothly. Further, by performing shot peening at room temperature as a secondary treatment, a large residual compressive stress is generated on the surface of the steel material.
[0012]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail. Table 1 shows the chemical composition of the steel used in the following tests.
[0013]
[Table 1]
(Elongation test)
While controlling the temperature of a steel material in a temperature-controlled room, make an indentation with one shot of a steel ball, measure the length of the surface line at a predetermined position of the central section of the indentation at that time, and indicate the ratio to the elongation at a specific temperature This is shown in FIG. The A 3 transformation point (phase transition from a ferrite structure having a body-centered cubic lattice crystal structure to an austenite structure having a face-centered cubic lattice) of the steel material is slightly above 900 ° C., and the A 3 transformation point In the vicinity, the elongation reached a maximum.
[0015]
(Metal structure refinement test)
Against the steel material is heated to a temperature in the vicinity of A 3 transformation point, it was examined surface metal structure of the steel material by projecting steel ball shot by the air nozzle type. Here, a steel ball shot having a radius of 0.3 mm was used. Further, the steel ball shot is preferably made of a material that hardly causes a decrease in hardness due to heat, and here, a carbide shot is used. Furthermore, in order to prevent the steel ball shot from depriving heat and causing the temperature of the steel material to become unstable, the temperature control of the processing chamber, the shot storage chamber, and the supply air was performed.
[0016]
As a result, plastic flow was observed several times, indicating that the metal structure was close to refinement. FIG. 2 shows the relationship between the surface roughness and temperature measured in the above test. Surface roughness also becomes minimum in the vicinity A 3 transformation point, it has become possible to smoothly finish the surface as a result of the ease of plastic flow due to the high growth rate in the vicinity A 3 transformation point.
[0017]
Then with respect to the steel material is heated to a temperature in the vicinity of A 3 transformation point, the hammer which is fixed a steel ball shot on the tip - were examined surface metal structure of the steel material by hammering repeated in. Here, a steel ball shot having a radius of 0.3 mm was used. Further, the steel ball shot is preferably made of a material that hardly causes a decrease in hardness due to heat, and here, a carbide shot is used. Furthermore, in order to prevent the steel ball shot from depriving the heat and making the temperature of the steel material unstable, the temperature control of the processing chamber was performed.
[0018]
As a result, repeated indentation by hammering generated many plastic flows, and the metal grain boundaries changed in a complex manner, making the metal structure close to refinement.
[0019]
(Temperature management)
In addition to the above method, there is a method of heating the steel material by energizing the steel material from both ends. In this case, when the size of the steel material is determined, a correlation between the amount of energization and the steel material temperature is obtained, and control becomes possible.
There is also a method of heating only a local portion where the steel ball shot bites into the steel material through a direct current between the steel ball shot and the steel material.
[0020]
In the above test, a shot having a radius of 0.3 mm was used, but the size of the shot is not limited to this, and a shot having a radius of 0.03 to 1.0 mm is preferable. This is because if the radius is 0.03 mm or more, plastic flow is likely to be generated, and if the radius is 1.0 mm or less, the unevenness of the surface of the steel material is difficult to increase.
[0021]
In addition, the basic idea of the present invention is to increase the elongation rate by applying a low acting stress in the process in which the steel material undergoes transformation at the A 3 transformation point, in order to further promote this phenomenon. it is effective to repeat the cooling and heated to about the a 3 transformation point to.
[0022]
Furthermore, after the surface treatment of the steel material, a large residual compressive stress can be generated near the surface of the steel material by subjecting the steel material to shot peening at room temperature as a secondary treatment.
[0023]
【The invention's effect】
As is apparent from the above description, the present invention heats a steel material to a temperature in the range of −100 ° C. to + 50 ° C. with respect to the temperature of the A 3 transformation point , Since shots are projected or hammered repeatedly with a hammer having a shot fixed to the tip, the steel material is heated to a temperature in the range of −100 ° C. to + 50 ° C. with respect to the temperature of the A 3 transformation point . After that, repeatedly raising and lowering the temperature around the A 3 transformation point, while repeating the raising and lowering of the temperature, the steel material was repeatedly hit by a shot or a hammer with a shot fixed to the tip. Therefore, the surface metallographic structure of the steel material can be refined and the surface can be finished smoothly. Furthermore, since the steel material is subjected to room temperature shot peening as a secondary treatment after the surface treatment of the steel material, there are various effects such as generation of a large residual compressive stress on the surface of the steel material. .
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a graph showing the relationship between specific elongation of steel and temperature.
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the relationship between the surface roughness of steel and the temperature.
Claims (6)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2001154503A JP4505779B2 (en) | 2001-05-23 | 2001-05-23 | Method for surface treatment of steel |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2001154503A JP4505779B2 (en) | 2001-05-23 | 2001-05-23 | Method for surface treatment of steel |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JP2002348608A JP2002348608A (en) | 2002-12-04 |
| JP4505779B2 true JP4505779B2 (en) | 2010-07-21 |
Family
ID=18998833
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2001154503A Expired - Fee Related JP4505779B2 (en) | 2001-05-23 | 2001-05-23 | Method for surface treatment of steel |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP4505779B2 (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US10508316B2 (en) | 2017-03-31 | 2019-12-17 | General Electric Company | Method and fixture for counteracting tensile stress |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP4770238B2 (en) * | 2005-03-31 | 2011-09-14 | Ｊｆｅスチール株式会社 | Warm shot peening method for thick steel plate |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH0217607B2 (en) * | 1986-05-28 | 1990-04-23 | Fuji Mfg Co Ltd | |
| JPH04173918A (en) * | 1990-11-06 | 1992-06-22 | Sumitomo Metal Ind Ltd | Production of carburized and case-hardened steel |
| JPH07188738A (en) * | 1993-12-28 | 1995-07-25 | Fuji Kihan:Kk | Method for preventing wear on sliding part of metallic formed article |
| JPH083633A (en) * | 1994-06-14 | 1996-01-09 | Fuji Kihan:Kk | Production of surface hardened metal shot |
| JPH11347944A (en) * | 1998-06-02 | 1999-12-21 | Fuji Kihan:Kk | Surface treatment method for metal product |
-
2001
- 2001-05-23 JP JP2001154503A patent/JP4505779B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH0217607B2 (en) * | 1986-05-28 | 1990-04-23 | Fuji Mfg Co Ltd | |
| JPH04173918A (en) * | 1990-11-06 | 1992-06-22 | Sumitomo Metal Ind Ltd | Production of carburized and case-hardened steel |
| JPH07188738A (en) * | 1993-12-28 | 1995-07-25 | Fuji Kihan:Kk | Method for preventing wear on sliding part of metallic formed article |
| JPH083633A (en) * | 1994-06-14 | 1996-01-09 | Fuji Kihan:Kk | Production of surface hardened metal shot |
| JPH11347944A (en) * | 1998-06-02 | 1999-12-21 | Fuji Kihan:Kk | Surface treatment method for metal product |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US10508316B2 (en) | 2017-03-31 | 2019-12-17 | General Electric Company | Method and fixture for counteracting tensile stress |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP2002348608A (en) | 2002-12-04 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| Randle et al. | Evolution of microstructure and properties in alpha-brass after iterative processing | |
| BR112018071587B1 (en) | Method for manufacturing a martensitic stainless steel part | |
| JPWO2004085685A1 (en) | Manufacturing method of high strength spring | |
| CN102482747A (en) | Drawn and heat-treated steel wire for high-strength spring, and undrawn steel wire for high-strength spring | |
| EP2363243A1 (en) | Method for manufacturing blasting material for shot-peening | |
| JP3971571B2 (en) | Steel wire for high strength spring | |
| JP4505779B2 (en) | Method for surface treatment of steel | |
| JP2005290538A (en) | High-strength stainless steel wire having excellent modulus of rigidity and its production method | |
| JP2009235523A (en) | Oil tempered steel wire, its production method, and spring | |
| JP2013036087A (en) | Material for spring and manufacturing method thereof, and spring | |
| JP2003113444A (en) | Rod for high strength non-heat-treated upset head bolt, manufacturing method therefor, and method for manufacturing upset head bolt using the same | |
| JP5327949B2 (en) | Patenting method for high carbon steel wire rod | |
| JP2004124227A (en) | Method for hardening surface of metal product | |
| JP3999727B2 (en) | Hypereutectoid steel | |
| JP5014257B2 (en) | High strength and high toughness martensitic steel | |
| JP2017214621A (en) | Manufacturing method of hyper-eutectoid steel wire | |
| US20100263770A1 (en) | Flash tempering process and apparatus | |
| ILCA et al. | Improving the manufacturing technology of structural steels | |
| JP2004323912A (en) | High strength coil spring, and method for manufacturing the same | |
| US6197125B1 (en) | Modification of diffusion coating grain structure by nitriding | |
| JP4267334B2 (en) | Heat treatment method for high carbon steel pearlite rail | |
| JP6752624B2 (en) | Manufacturing method of carburized steel | |
| JP5313599B2 (en) | Heat treatment method for steel wire | |
| Ryklina et al. | Thermokinetics of shape recovery of nanostructured titanium nickelide | |
| JP7405250B2 (en) | Rail manufacturing method |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| A621 | Written request for application examination |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A621 Effective date: 20070126 |
|
| A977 | Report on retrieval |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A971007 Effective date: 20090601 |
|
| A131 | Notification of reasons for refusal |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A131 Effective date: 20090828 |
|
| A521 | Written amendment |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523 Effective date: 20090911 |
|
| TRDD | Decision of grant or rejection written | ||
| A01 | Written decision to grant a patent or to grant a registration (utility model) |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A01 Effective date: 20100402 |
|
| A01 | Written decision to grant a patent or to grant a registration (utility model) |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A01 |
|
| A61 | First payment of annual fees (during grant procedure) |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A61 Effective date: 20100415 |
|
| FPAY | Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database) |
Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20130514 Year of fee payment: 3 |
|
| R150 | Certificate of patent or registration of utility model |
Ref document number: 4505779 Country of ref document: JP Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R150 Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R150 |
|
| FPAY | Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database) |
Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20130514 Year of fee payment: 3 |
|
| FPAY | Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database) |
Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20140514 Year of fee payment: 4 |
|
| LAPS | Cancellation because of no payment of annual fees |