JP4497425B2 - Feed for marine life - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a marine organism feed cultivated in a closed water area such as in an aquarium.

In recent years, the demand for fish and seafood has been increasing due to health-oriented and food security issues, but it has become difficult to increase fish catches for the protection of resources and the environment and due to restrictions of international treaties.
Moreover, in addition to the situation that resources are decreasing due to sea pollution and rising seawater temperature due to global warming, the rise in crude oil prices has led to a situation where pelagic fishing has become unprofitable. For the Japanese as a food source, even the possibility of a food crisis is now being screamed.

On the other hand, in the inland rural areas and mountain villages, forestry and agriculture are also declining, and it is difficult to establish new industries and depopulation is progressing.
As a method for solving these two situations, the present inventor has studied a method for cultivating marine organisms inland and intends to put it to practical use.

The biggest challenge of inland marine aquaculture is how to avoid long-term seawater exchange.
Conventionally, seawater used for aquaculture has been used by pouring or exchanging for a certain period.
For this reason, marine life farming has been put into practical use only in the bay or the coast near the fishing village.
This is because the inland area has many difficulties in supplying and disposing of seawater, and it has been difficult to commercialize due to unprofitable farming.

The inventor of the present patent application has previously applied for a patent relating to a seawater purification system using microorganisms. By using this system, it was possible to effectively remove ammonia components emitted by marine organisms to be cultivated. However, a new problem has arisen that water gradually becomes acidic.
This is thought to be partly due to the fact that the purification by microorganisms is an oxidation reaction.

Since marine organisms are cultivated in a closed water area such as an aquarium, unlike the conventional seawater pouring method, the solution of this problem is also essential for the completion of the aquaculture system.
The present invention clarifies a method for solving this problem by devising feed.

In addition, marine organisms need to continuously ingest minerals such as calcium, but unlike in the case of sea-flooded aquaculture, aquaculture in a closed water area has a limited amount of minerals in the water, which is inevitably insufficient.
This problem can also be solved by using the feed of the present invention.

In closed waters, it is also important not to let excess food stay in the water indefinitely. Extra food is wasteful in terms of cost, and the residue is more likely to rot and cause water quality deterioration.
Therefore, the feed given to marine organisms needs to be devised so that it can be easily recognized and eaten. Moreover, if it is left uneaten, it can be easily recovered, and can be reused if it is preserved. This not only prevents water from being contaminated in a closed water area, but also has an advantage in terms of cost.
One of the objects of the present invention is to make it difficult for excess feed to stay in water.

    The present invention devises the form of the bait so that the administered bait is efficiently preyed by marine organisms. It is also intended to make it possible to easily collect excess food.

On the other hand, shochu derived from brewing shochu, which has become a boom lately, is difficult to process and has not been used as a resource. For this reason, they are often dumped or disposed of in landfills, causing ocean pollution and foul odor pollution.
If this shochu can be used to feed marine organisms, it will be a solution to environmental problems and inexpensive feed can be produced.

  Therefore, using shochu, marine life prefers to eat, is rich in minerals and nutrients, is easy to digest, is effective in promoting the health of marine life, is fast growing, is inexpensive, suitable for transportation, and has a long life It was desired to develop a good feed.

The known examples in the related fields of the present invention are shown below.
JP-A 63-196234 JP 2003-259814 A JP-A-5-194067

Patent Document 1 is a patent for aquaculture feed for marine fish and shellfish, and describes a feed in which a shell fossil containing a calcium component is finely added.
However, the calcium described here is obtained by making various calcium compounds into a fine powder, and the effect is completely different from the calcined calcium used in the present invention. In addition, this document does not describe calcined calcium.
Patent Document 2 discloses an example of a bait in which a small hollow capsule is inserted into a bait filled with a capsule for obtaining buoyancy with a bait of seawater fish.
Patent Document 3 describes an example in which blended feed and grains are mixed with shochu. However, this technique is limited to use with livestock in the vicinity of the shochu brewing source, and no method is disclosed for use in marine organism feed that is often performed in remote areas.

  As described in the section of the background art, an object of the present invention is to make practical use of a feed that compensates for a shortage of calcium in aquaculture organisms and has an effect of acidifying water.

Second, there is little leftovers of the given food, it is easy to collect even if there is leftovers, there is no waste in terms of cost, and food that does not deteriorate water quality due to food residue is realized. There is.
In particular, fish that inhabit the seabed, such as flounder and flounder, cannot be found if the food sinks to the seabed. Similarly, migratory fish can only eat underwater or surface food.
Therefore, it is necessary to realize food that does not sink to the bottom of the water.
If you do so, there will be less leftovers, and even if they remain, they will not sink to the seabed and will be easy to collect.

  An object of the present invention is to solve the first and second problems and to realize an aquaculture system in which seawater is not exchanged for a long period of time in order to commercialize marine organism culture in a closed water area.

The third problem to be solved by the present invention is to effectively utilize shochu, which is mostly treated as industrial waste, as feed for marine organisms.
Shochu, which has become a boom in recent years, has been brewed in large quantities in Japan, but as before, shochu after taking out shochu has no useful method of use. Some are used for fertilizers, but most have been dumped into the ocean or landfilled as waste. However, these disposal methods are regarded as problems from the viewpoint of effective use of resources and environmental conservation, and it is difficult to dispose of them.

Ocean dumping has recently been banned by law.
In landfill disposal, securing a disposal site is a problem, and there is also a problem that a bad odor is generated due to decomposition of waste.
Fertilizers are in oversupply and only a part of the shochu that is produced in large quantities is used.

Patent Document 3 describes how to use shochu as a feed. However, just mixing blended feed and grains with shochu has the problem of poor digestion and absorption as food and poor shelf life. Therefore, this technology was limited to use on livestock in the vicinity of the shochu brewing source, and could not be used for marine life feeds often performed in remote areas.
One of the problems of the present invention is to prevent environmental pollution by effectively using shochu.

Means to solve the problem

As a bait used for aquaculture of marine organisms in a closed water area, an aquaculture bait containing calcined calcium as a component thereof is used.
The calcined calcium is a scallop shell or oyster shell calcined at a high temperature. The main component is calcium oxide, which is porous. A fine powder is used. Compared to other powdered eggshells often used as calcium preparations or shelled fossil powders, the activity is higher, the absorption is better when eaten, and it is faster when dissolved in seawater. The acid can be neutralized.

  The aquaculture bait includes shochu, oil, koji, kelp fossil and koji powder, which is fermented by adding lactic acid bacteria, yeast or yeast, and converted into a probiotic.

Furthermore, the aquaculture bait is packed into a size that can be eaten by a fish as a bait unit, an appropriate amount of air is sealed inside the bait unit, the outer periphery is covered with an edible sealing material, and the buoyancy is added to the bottom of the water when supplied. Try not to sink.
The edible sealing material is preferably a collagen peptide, but gelatin or the like can also be used.

  As another method of providing buoyancy, the specific gravity may be reduced by inserting a foamed food material such as a salmon or marshmallow into a bait unit.

  Further, as a method for preventing the bait from sinking to the bottom of the water, a method of enclosing one end of the thread in the bait unit or penetrating the thread and hanging the bait unit using the thread is also conceivable. The bait unit is preferably covered with an edible sealing material to prevent the bait from melting into the water and contaminating the seawater. There is also a method for preventing the outflow of food by mixing the edible sealing material in the food and solidifying it.

Shochu contains vegetable protein, carbohydrates and fiber, and many vitamins. From the viewpoint of ingredients, it is suitable as a raw material for marine organism feed.
However, animal protein, calcium, etc. are insufficient for feed for aquaculture.
For animal protein supplementation, it is better to add powdered cocoons. Salmon powder is inexpensive, rich in animal protein, and likes to eat fish. Sometimes we use salmon powder for fishing bait, but this is not for growing fish, but for catching fish with its odor. However, when this is eaten as a food for growth, a unique odor remains in the marine flesh.

The shochu contains a lot of moisture and alcohol components. In order to use this as feed in the inland area, it is necessary to enable long-term storage and long-distance transportation. One method is to add garlic to shochu. Its antibacterial action suppresses the growth of various bacteria, and can improve storage and transportability.
Garlic may be cut and added, or may be added as a powder. The garlic component may be extracted with edible oil or alcohol, and the extract may be added. In addition, grated garlic may be added as it is or after being filtered.

  However, garlic has a unique odor, some marine organisms dislike it, and marine organisms that eat it may leave a garlic odor.

In order to solve this problem, after adding koji powder or garlic to shochu, lactic acid bacteria, yeast or yeast are added and fermented. As a result, it can be removed to the extent that you don't mind the odor of straw and garlic.
It is preferable to use plant lactic acid bacteria as the lactic acid bacteria used when garlic is added to the feed. Garlic has antibacterial activity, but plant lactic acid bacteria can ferment in it.
Fermentation of lactic acid bacteria can be promoted by adding sugar. As the sugar, trehalose, pullulan, guar gum and the like are suitable.

  Further, kelp fossils formed by depositing kelp, which is a kind of seaweed, on the sea floor as a feed component can be added as a powder. Since this is a seaweed-derived component, it is particularly suitable as a food for shellfish culture such as abalone and turban shell. In this case, the lactic acid bacterium to be added may be an animal lactic acid bacterium, but a plant lactic acid bacterium is particularly preferable. If sugars such as trehalose are added to this, the fermentation will proceed further, and the feed will last longer and be digestible.

The invention's effect

  By using an aquaculture bait containing calcined calcium as its component as a bait used for aquaculture of marine organisms in a closed water area, calcined calcium, which is porous calcium oxide, is easily absorbed into the body of marine organisms. Therefore, there is an effect of effectively ingesting calcium which is apt to be deficient during cultivation in a closed water area.

  In addition, calcium components that are not absorbed in cultured organisms and are discharged outside the body react with water to show alkalinity and prevent acidification of water. This is a necessary condition for realizing an aquaculture system that does not require seawater exchange for a long period of time.

In order to confirm this effect, the inventor of the present application applied daily water to abalone cultivated in an aquarium while continuing conventional feeding from August 1 to 9, 2008. After measuring the acidity, calcined calcium was added to the conventional bait from August 10, and the acidity of the water in the aquarium was further measured.
The result of an experiment is shown.
Measurement day pH feed August 1 7.8 Conventional feed August 2 7.7 Conventional feed August 3 7.8 Conventional feed August 4 7.7 Conventional feed August 5 7. 8 Conventional feed August 6 7.8 Conventional feed August 7 7.8 Conventional feed August 8 7.8 Conventional feed August 9 7.8 Conventional feed August 10 7. 8 Feed with calcined calcium Aug. 11 7.9 Feed with calcined calcium Aug. 12 8.0 Feed with calcined calcium Aug. 13 8.1 Feed with calcined calcium Aug. 14 8.2 Feed to which calcined calcium is added August 15 8.2 Feed to which calcined calcium is added

Conditions of experiment Location of experiment Nasushiobara City, Tochigi Prefecture Indoor use of bacteria-purified water tank No seawater exchange Water temperature About 20 degrees Room temperature 18 degrees to 24 degrees Amount of water in the tank About 500 liters 10 g Dissolved in 40 g of agar and mixed with feed Feed supply Once every day 23:00 Measurement Every day 10:00 Experimenter Patented Patent Inventor Results of Experiment The pH value was 7.7 to 7.8 in a state where the conventional feed was continuously given. However, on August 10th, we began to give feed with calcined calcium added. As a result, the pH value began to rise from the next 11th day, and then maintained at about 8.2. In this way, the effect of preventing acidification of seawater appears.
In the abalone used in this experiment, the environment of pH 8.2 is considered to be most preferable, and it has been confirmed that when acidified to pH 7.8 or lower, the shells soften and whiten to lose appetite and stop growing.

In addition, by effectively using shochu, which is currently difficult to dispose of, it can compensate for the lack of animal protein by adding inexpensive koji powder, and by adding garlic components, it can prevent spoilage during transportation and storage, lactic acid bacteria, etc. By adding and fermenting, it is possible to provide a feed that is more resistant to spoilage, has improved storage stability, prevents odor, and has good transportability, which is a condition for culturing inland.
If this method becomes widespread, it will not be necessary to dispose of shochu in the ocean or landfill, which will help solve environmental problems.

  Furthermore, the fish can be recognized as bait by making it into a bait unit that can be eaten by a single bite, enclosing air or a foaming ingredient with a light specific gravity inside to give buoyancy and prevent it from sinking to the bottom of the water. It is easy to eat and easy to eat, less leftovers of the given food, even if leftovers are easier to collect. Therefore, there is little deterioration of water quality due to food residue, and there is no waste in terms of cost.

The feed produced by this method is only for raw materials that are originally used as food, and because it is made into a probiotic, it maintains the health of farmed organisms and promotes growth without the use of chemicals or antibiotics. Can be expected.
Therefore, not only the health of the aquaculture organisms but also the health of people who eat the aquaculture organisms is positively affected.

Best Mode for Carrying Out the Invention

  FIG. 1 shows a process chart of an embodiment of the present invention. This is made mainly for the production process of buoyant bait units, especially for migratory fish or fish that live on the seabed, but for example, to feed for shellfish such as abalone and tuna In this case, the step of imparting buoyancy to the main part of the process may be omitted.

Add calcined calcium powder to shochu that has been semi-kneaded by centrifugation, and if necessary, add oil containing components of kelp fossil fine powder, koji, koji, and garlic, stir, and heat Into a semi-solid feed.
After cooling this, plant lactic acid bacteria, trehalose (a type of saccharide), pullulan (a type of polysaccharide), and guar gum powder are added and placed in an appropriate temperature and humidity environment for fermentation and aging. The fermented and aged feed is called probiotic feed.

Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus plevis, Peteococcus halosophilus, Tetragenococcus halofilus, Pediochoccus pentosaceus, or a mixture of these lactic acid bacteria is used as plant milk lactic acid bacteria .
In particular, when a garlic component is added, Lactobacillus plantarum that is resistant to the antibacterial action of the garlic component is preferably used.

You may mix dry fish and dry fish powder in the probiotic feed.
Next, collagen peptide and gelatin are mixed singly or in combination. This makes the probiotic feed semi-solid and makes it difficult to dissolve in water.
When marine organisms are shellfish, the probiotic semi-solid feed in this state is divided and supplied in an appropriate size.

Next, if the marine life is a fish, it is fed together into a bait unit that is sized to eat with a bite.
As shown in FIG. 11, a concave wooden mold 10 having a concave portion 21 corresponding to the size of the outer shape of the bait is made, and a probiotic semisolid feed 11 is inserted into the concave wooden mold 10 and pushed from above with the convex wooden mold 12. Then, the depression 25 is made. An edible sealing material 15 such as a collagen peptide is applied to the inside of the recess 25.
When removed from the mold, one side 24 of the bait unit 17 is formed.
Two similar ones are made up and down so that a space is secured in the interior, and the edible sealing material 15 is applied to the joints and the outer periphery with the brush 14 to seal the air inside, and the bait unit 17 is collected.

  At this time, the ridge 13 may be inserted into the recess 25. By inserting the ridge 13, even if a little pressure is applied from the outside after forming the bait unit, it does not collapse and lose buoyancy.

  Further, as shown in FIG. 13, the probiotic semi-solid feed 11 is flattened, the edible sealing material 15 is applied to the surface, and rounded into a cylindrical shape using a round bar 29. One end of the cylindrical shape is sealed as shown in FIG. 13, the round bar 29 is pulled out, and the other end is also sealed. An edible sealing material is applied to the sealing portion to prevent air from leaking.

  In this case as well, the hook 13 can be inserted. As shown in FIG. 9, the probiotics semi-solid feed 11 is flattened, and the straw 13 is placed therein, and is rolled up (rounded into a cylindrical shape), is shaped like a bowl (rounded into a cylindrical shape with a rounded end). Clogged with probiotics semi-solid feed), dumplings (put a cocoon in the center, fold the probiotics semi-solid feed 11 in half and seal with 3 sides with edible sealant) or spring rolls (pox in the center) And wrap with probiotics semi-solid feed 11 and bend and seal the end part), and in each case, apply an edible sealing material to the seam and outer periphery.

The fermented bait is collected into a bait unit 15 having a size that allows fish to eat with a single bite.
At this time, the specific gravity of the bait unit 15 is adjusted so that the amount of air or traps enclosed in the bait unit is adjusted and does not sink to the bottom of the water but floats in the water or on the water surface.

Other examples

There is a method of filling a plastic biotex semi-solid feed into capsules into a bait unit. At this time, in order to add buoyancy to the bait unit, it is sealed with the space remaining without filling the capsule.
The buoyancy of the entire capsule can be adjusted by adjusting the amount of space.

There is also a method of filling a probiotic semi-solid feed into the intestines of sheep or cows. At this time, buoyancy can be given by intentionally mixing air into the intestines. It is more preferable to apply an edible sealing material to the end and the outer periphery when sealing the intestinal cane in a sausage shape.
Alternatively, the phlegm 13 or a hollow capsule may be inserted into the intestine to reduce the overall specific gravity and ensure buoyancy.

If probiotic semi-fixed feed is exposed to water as it is, its components may dissolve in the water before being preyed by marine organisms, and may contaminate the water.
Therefore, the surface is coated with an edible sealing material except when it is put in the intestine or in a capsule, but a probiotic semi-solid feed 11 mixed with collagen peptide or the like can be used from the beginning. This reduces water contamination.

  As a method for preventing the food from sinking to the bottom of the water, as shown in FIGS. 2 to 3, one end of the thread 3 cut to an appropriate length is enclosed in the food unit, or the thread 3 is penetrated, and the thread 3 is A method is also conceivable in which the bait unit is suspended in the water tank. The state is shown in FIGS.

  At this time, if the thread is simply passed through, it may fall off when suspended. As shown in FIG. 3, the thread can be prevented from falling off by winding the thread inside the bait unit.

  Further, as a method of covering the outer periphery of the bait unit 17 with the edible sealing material 15, in the case of small-scale production, the edible sealing material is applied with a brush as shown in FIG. 10 or inserted with a tool sandwiched as shown in FIG. A method of soaking in a sealing material may be used. In mass production, as shown in FIG. 14, it can be efficiently applied by hanging on a chain belt using a looped portion and immersing it in a collagen peptide placed in an edible sealant tank 6.

Industrial applicability

By carrying out the present invention, it is possible to realize a feed for marine organisms that is rich in nutrients, is easy to digest, can promote the growth of farmed animals, has good shelf life, and is inexpensive.
The calcined calcium contained in the inside of the bait prevents acidification of seawater used for aquaculture of marine organisms carried out inland. To realize a marine aquaculture system that does not require the replacement of seawater during the period.

As a result, marine organisms can be shipped anytime and anywhere when there is demand.
In addition, since marine life can be cultivated even on land far from the coast, it can be created as a new industry in mountain villages, for example, and is also effective as a depopulation measure.
According to the present invention, shochu can be converted into marine organism feed, and effective utilization of resources and prevention of environmental pollution can be achieved, which contributes to the solution of shochu brewing problems.

Feed production process diagram Bait unit with thread Bait unit with thread removal prevention Edible sealant dipping device Automatic net feeding system Wire type automatic feeding system Diagram showing molding method using wooden mold A bait feeding unit molded using a wooden mold The figure which shows the other Example of a straw feeding unit The figure which shows the other Example of the edible sealing material application | coating of a straw feeding unit Diagram showing molding method using wooden mold Air-filled bait unit molded using a wooden mold The figure which shows the other Example of an air enclosure bait unit

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Yarn with ring 2 Bait unit attached with thread 3 Yarn 4 Hanging metal fitting 5 Automatic feed chain belt 6 Edible sealant tank 7 Sealed bait unit 8 Net 9 Wire and rope 10 Concave-side wooden mold 11 Probiotics Semi-solid feed 12 Convex side mold 13 麩 14 Brush 15 Edible sealant (collagen peptide)
16 Flattened Probiotics Semisolid Feed 17 Feed Unit 18 Food Sealing Container 19 Clamping Tool 21 Recess 24 One Side of Molded Feed Unit 25 Dimple 26 Joint 29 Round Bar

Claims (1)

  Bait used to cultivate marine organisms in a closed water area, adding calcined calcium powder and salmon powder to shochu to make raw materials, adding lactic acid bacteria or yeast to the raw materials, fermenting, and foaming food inside An aquaculture bait characterized by being inserted into a bait unit.

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