JP4482885B2 - 大豆胚芽蛋白組成物 - Google Patents
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Description
本発明における溶剤処理と熱処理の組み合わせは、いずれか一方の処理を先に行ってもよく、また両処理を同時に行ってもよい。両処理の間に粉砕、分離等の他の処理工程が含まれてもよい。
第1に、本処理により得られた大豆胚芽蛋白組成物は、蛋白質を50%以上含む。大豆胚芽の蛋白質は、リジン、メチオニンなどの植物に不足する必須アミノ酸を脱脂大豆や濃縮大豆蛋白以上に豊富に含み、かつ総蛋白質中に存在する比率も高く、消化され易くなっていることにより筋力増強に役立つ。さらに大豆胚芽の蛋白質は、疾病予防に有効な機能性の蛋白質やペプチドを多く含む。
第2に、本処理により得られた大豆胚芽蛋白組成物の灰分含量は、丸大豆および大豆から得られた蛋白濃縮物や胚芽自体の灰分含量より少ないため、塩分を制限されている人でも食べられるほか、動物に与えた際にも飼料の高ミネラル濃度に起因する下痢を抑制することができる。
第3に、本処理により得られた大豆胚芽蛋白組成物は、カルシウムなどの有用なミネラルの吸収を阻害するフィチン酸が低減されているほか、難消化性のオリゴ糖が少ないことにより下痢の発症を抑制する。
第4に、本処理により得られた大豆胚芽蛋白組成物は、イソフラボンが0.5%以下、サポニンが1%以下であり、これらの微量成分を過剰摂取する危険もなくそれに起因する副作用を回避できるとともに、苦味が低減され、風味が向上して食べやすく、飼料としても摂餌量が減ることがない。
第5に、本処理により得られた大豆胚芽蛋白組成物はトリプシンインヒビター活性、レクチン活性が非常に少ない。これは、トリプシンインヒビター、レクチンといった蛋白質の吸収を阻害する成分は熱や溶剤処理にも安定であり、搾油処理を経た脱脂大豆や濃縮大豆蛋白にも多く残存する成分であり、さらに子葉部のコンタミネーションなどにより残存するこれらの活性も本処理により脱脂大豆よりも大幅に低減されるためである。
第6に、本発明の大豆胚芽蛋白組成物は低抗原性で、抗原性が500U未満に低減されていることを特徴とする。
logit = ln[(ABS/cont.ABS)/(1−ABS/cont.ABS)]
但し、ABSは各希釈度の標準抗原溶液添加時の吸光度
cont.ABSは10mMリン酸緩衝液添加時の吸光度
大豆を機械的に割砕し、篩にかけて大豆の胚芽が70%以上含有されるように分離して大豆胚芽を得た。これに70%含水エタノールを加え、70℃、30分間撹拌した後、ろ過してその残渣を回収した。この残渣を減圧下で100℃、40分間の熱処理をし、目的とする大豆胚芽蛋白組成物を得た。本処理によって得られた大豆胚芽蛋白組成物は香ばしく、風味が良好で焦げは生じておらず、食品として適していた。
脱脂大豆、2軸エクストルーダー処理脱脂大豆、濃縮大豆蛋白、大豆胚芽、2軸エクストルーダー処理脱脂大豆胚芽、および本例で得られた大豆胚芽蛋白組成物の分析、ならびに動物試験を行った。動物試験には、試験物質を蛋白のうち20%含む飼料(飼料1)と、同65%含む飼料(飼料2)を作成した。配合割合は表1に示したとおりで、全ての試験物質の区で蛋白質の含量が等しくなるように動物質性飼料原料の内容を調整した。試験には、2週令の仔牛に飼料1を1週間、次いで飼料2を3週間与えたときの下痢発症の有無を調査した。分析結果および動物試験の結果を表2に示す。なお表2におけるトリプシンインヒビター活性は、N -α- benzoyl-dl- arginie- p - nitroanilide hydrochloride を基質としたトリプシン活性に対する阻害能を測定して値を算出した。レクチン活性は、1gの検体(脱脂大豆、2軸エクストルーダー処理脱脂大豆、濃縮大豆蛋白、大豆胚芽、2軸エクストルーダー処理脱脂大豆胚芽、実施例1で得られた組成物、および後述の実施例2〜3で得られた組成物の粉体)から5mlのリン酸緩衝液で抽出した溶液を希釈していき、赤血球凝集活性を示す最低濃度の希釈倍率をユニット(U)として示した。
実施例1と同様の方法にて大豆胚芽を得た後に、常法により脱脂して脱脂大豆胚芽を得た。これに70%含水エタノールを加えて30分間撹拌した後、ろ過してその残渣を回収した。この残渣を減圧下で70℃、10分間の熱処理をし、目的とする大豆胚芽蛋白組成物を得た。本処理によって得られた大豆胚芽蛋白組成物は香ばしく、風味が良好で、焦げは生じておらず食品として適していた。実施例1と同様に実施例2の組成物の分析結果および動物試験の結果を表2に示す。
実施例2と同様の方法にて脱脂大豆胚芽を得た。これに70%含水エタノールを加えて70℃、30分間撹拌した後、ろ過してその残渣を回収した。この残渣を減圧下で100℃、40分間の熱処理をし、目的とする大豆胚芽蛋白組成物を得た。本処理によって得られた大豆胚芽蛋白組成物は香ばしく、風味が良好で、焦げは生じておらず食品として適していた。実施例1と同様にその分析結果および動物試験の結果を表2に示す。
Claims (5)
- 大豆の胚芽部を30%以上含む大豆胚芽を含水アルコールによる溶剤処理および熱処理を組み合わせた工程で処理して得られる、レクチン活性が8U以下、抗原性が80U以下に低減された蛋白質が50%以上であり、イソフラボンが0.5%以下、サポニンが1%以下である大豆胚芽蛋白組成物。
- 熱処理が50〜300℃、1〜180分間であることを特徴とする請求項1記載の大豆胚芽蛋白質組成物。
- 脱脂大豆と比較して大豆由来のリジン、メチオニンの含量が多く、灰分、オリゴ糖の含量が少なく、かつトリプシンインヒビターの活性が低い請求項1または2に記載の大豆胚芽蛋白組成物。
- 請求項1〜3のいずれか1項に記載の大豆胚芽蛋白組成物を含有する低抗原性食品。
- 請求項1〜3のいずれか1項に記載の大豆胚芽蛋白組成物を含有する低抗原性飼料。
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JP3944864B1 (ja) | 2006-07-31 | 2007-07-18 | 株式会社J−オイルミルズ | メタボリックシンドロームの予防および改善用組成物 |
JP2013005750A (ja) * | 2011-06-24 | 2013-01-10 | Univ Of Tokyo | 改質処理した穀類糠或いは穀類粉砕物を配合した動物飼料 |
JP7202800B2 (ja) * | 2018-07-13 | 2023-01-12 | ライオン株式会社 | 水分散性組成物、食品組成物、水分散液及び泡立ち抑制方法 |
CN112042944A (zh) * | 2020-09-17 | 2020-12-08 | 深圳大学 | 一种低敏性蚕蛹蛋白粉及其制备方法 |
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