JP4462077B2 - Combination sliding member - Google Patents
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Description
本発明は、摺動表面に非晶質炭素材料からなる被膜を形成した2つの摺動部材を組合せた組合せ摺動部材に係り、特に、これら部材の摺動面の摺動特性が向上する組合せ摺動部材に関する。 The present invention relates to a combination sliding member in which two sliding members having a coating made of an amorphous carbon material formed on the sliding surface are combined, and in particular, a combination that improves the sliding characteristics of the sliding surfaces of these members. The present invention relates to a sliding member.
従来から、構造用鋼あるいは鋼合金鋼からなる摺動部材において、その摺動面に、耐摩耗性を向上させ、低摩擦特性を得るために、硬質炭素膜、非晶質炭素(DLC)膜をコーティングすることはよく知られている。 Conventionally, in a sliding member made of structural steel or steel alloy steel, a hard carbon film or an amorphous carbon (DLC) film is provided on the sliding surface in order to improve wear resistance and obtain low friction characteristics. Coating is well known.
例えば、摺動面に非晶質硬質炭素(DLC)膜を有する摺動部材と、この摺動面と摺動する面がセラミックスからなる摺動部材と、を組合せた摺動部材において、セラミックスの摺動面を非晶質硬質炭素膜の表面粗さ(Ra)以下の表面粗さ(Ra)とした摺動部材が開示されている(特許文献1参照)。 For example, in a sliding member obtained by combining a sliding member having an amorphous hard carbon (DLC) film on a sliding surface and a sliding member made of ceramics on the sliding surface. A sliding member having a sliding surface with a surface roughness (Ra) equal to or lower than the surface roughness (Ra) of an amorphous hard carbon film is disclosed (see Patent Document 1).
またこの他にも、摺動部材に使用する最適な潤滑剤の特性を得るために、摺動部材の組合せの一例として、母材を鋼とした双方の摺動面に、同程度の表面硬度のDLCを被覆した組合せ摺動部材、また一方の摺動面にのみDLCを被覆した組合せ摺動部材が、実験例として開示されている(非特許文献1,2参照)。 In addition to this, as an example of a combination of sliding members to obtain the optimum characteristics of the lubricant to be used for the sliding members, both sliding surfaces with steel as the base material have the same surface hardness. A combination sliding member coated with DLC, and a combination sliding member coated with DLC only on one sliding surface are disclosed as experimental examples (see Non-Patent Documents 1 and 2).
ところで、近年、自動車のエンジンは、高出力及び高回転による高性能化が求められており、例えば、燃料噴射部品のシリンダとピストンとを組合せた摺動部材においては、これらの部材は小型化する一方、このような高性能化を図るために摺動面に作用する面圧は、高面圧化する傾向にある。そして、この高面圧化に伴い、これら部材の摺動面に油膜切れが発生し、その結果、シリンダとピストンの双方に著しい摩耗や焼付けが生じる虞がある。 Incidentally, in recent years, automobile engines are required to have high performance by high output and high rotation. For example, in a sliding member in which a cylinder and a piston of a fuel injection part are combined, these members are downsized. On the other hand, the surface pressure acting on the sliding surface in order to achieve such high performance tends to increase. With this increase in surface pressure, oil film breakage occurs on the sliding surfaces of these members, and as a result, both the cylinder and the piston may be significantly worn or seized.
しかし、前述した如く、摺動部材の一方にDLCを被膜し耐摩耗性等を向上させたとしても、そのDLCを被覆した摺動部材の耐摩耗性は向上するが、相手材料との関係において組合せた摺動部材全体としての摩擦係数の低減、耐焼付き性の向上などの諸性能を総合的に向上させることは難しい。 However, as described above, even if DLC is coated on one of the sliding members to improve the wear resistance and the like, the wear resistance of the sliding member coated with the DLC is improved. It is difficult to comprehensively improve various performances such as reduction of the coefficient of friction and improvement of seizure resistance of the combined sliding members.
また、前記非特許文献1、2に記載のような組合せ摺動部材においては、摺動面にDLCを用いたことにより摩擦係数は低減されているが、双方の摺動面にDLCを被覆した場合も、一方の摺動面にのみDLCを被覆した場合においても、その摩擦係数は同程度であり、双方の摺動面に単にDCLを被覆しただけでは、画期的に組合せ摺動部材の摺動特性が向上するものではなかった。 Moreover, in the combination sliding member as described in the said nonpatent literatures 1 and 2, although the coefficient of friction was reduced by using DLC for the sliding surface, DLC was coat | covered on both sliding surfaces. Even in the case where DLC is coated only on one sliding surface, the friction coefficient is almost the same, and if both the sliding surfaces are simply coated with DCL, an innovative combination sliding member can be obtained. The sliding characteristics were not improved.
本発明は、このような課題に鑑みてなされたものであって、その目的とするところは、上述した過酷な使用環境下においても組合せる摺動部材の双方の摩耗を低減すると共に、この組合せ摺動部材の焼付き特性、摩擦特性などの諸特性を向上することができる組合せ摺動部材を提供することにある。 The present invention has been made in view of such problems, and the object of the present invention is to reduce wear of both of the sliding members to be combined even under the severe use environment described above, and to combine this combination. An object of the present invention is to provide a combination sliding member capable of improving various characteristics such as seizure characteristics and friction characteristics of the sliding member.
本発明者らは、上記の課題を解決すべく多くの実験と研究を行うことにより、組合せ摺動部材の双方の摺動面に非晶質炭素材料(ダイヤモンドライクカーボン:DLC)を被覆して摺動特性を向上させるためには、初期馴染み性を考慮して摺動面の初期表面状態を決定することが重要であるとの知見を得、この初期表面状態を決定するファクターとして、摺動面の表面硬度と表面粗さとに着眼した。 The inventors have conducted many experiments and researches to solve the above-described problems, so that both sliding surfaces of the combined sliding member are coated with an amorphous carbon material (diamond-like carbon: DLC). In order to improve the sliding characteristics, we obtained the knowledge that it is important to determine the initial surface state of the sliding surface in consideration of the initial familiarity, and as a factor for determining this initial surface state, sliding We focused on surface hardness and surface roughness.
そして、これらの摺動部材の一方の表面を他方の表面よりも硬くすると共にこの他方の表面を一方の表面よりも粗くし、さらに、これらの摺動部材の表面硬度と表面粗さとが、相対的に所定の数値関係を満たしたときに画期的に摺動特性が向上するとの知見を得た。 Then, one surface of these sliding members is made harder than the other surface, the other surface is made rougher than one surface, and the surface hardness and surface roughness of these sliding members are As a result, it has been found that sliding characteristics are improved dramatically when a predetermined numerical relationship is satisfied.
本発明は、本発明者らが得た上記の新たな知見に基づくものであり、本発明の組合せ摺動部材は、摺動面に、表面粗さが中心線平均粗さRa0.05μm以下の非晶質炭素材料の被膜を形成した第一摺動部材と、該第一摺動部材の摺動面と摺動する摺動面に、表面粗さが中心線平均粗さRa0.1μm以下の非晶質炭素材料の被膜を形成した第二摺動部材と、を備え、前記第一摺動部材の被膜は、前記第二摺動部材の被膜に比べて表面硬度が高く、前記第二摺動部材の被膜は、前記第一摺動部材の被膜に比べて表面粗さが大きい、ことを特徴とする。 The present invention is based on the above-mentioned new knowledge obtained by the present inventors. The combined sliding member of the present invention has a surface roughness on the sliding surface with a center line average roughness Ra of 0.05 μm or less. A surface roughness of the first sliding member on which the amorphous carbon material film is formed and the sliding surface sliding with the sliding surface of the first sliding member has a center line average roughness Ra of 0.1 μm or less. A second sliding member formed with a coating of amorphous carbon material, and the coating of the first sliding member has a higher surface hardness than the coating of the second sliding member, and the second sliding member. The film of the moving member is characterized in that the surface roughness is larger than the film of the first sliding member.
本発明の如き表面状態を有した組合せ摺動部材は、第二摺動部材に比べ第一摺動部材の表面を硬くしたので第二摺動部材の表面によって第一部材の表面は摩耗し難い。また、第二摺動部材の表面は、第一摺動部材に比べてその表面を粗くしたが、第一摺動面の表面が硬く滑らかであるので、第二摺動部材の表面は摩耗し難い。さらに、このように相対的に一方の表面を粗くすることにより、なじみ性が向上し、さらに摺動面の間に潤滑油が入り込みやすく、摺動面の潤滑性が向上し、より一層、摩耗し難くなる。 In the combination sliding member having the surface state as in the present invention, the surface of the first sliding member is harder than the second sliding member, so the surface of the first member is not easily worn by the surface of the second sliding member. . The surface of the second sliding member is rougher than that of the first sliding member, but the surface of the second sliding member is worn out because the surface of the first sliding surface is hard and smooth. hard. Furthermore, by relatively roughening one of the surfaces in this manner, the conformability is improved, and the lubricating oil can easily enter between the sliding surfaces, the lubricity of the sliding surfaces is improved, and the wear is further increased. It becomes difficult to do.
このような効果から、これらの組み合せ摺動部材は、初期馴染み性がよく、初期摩耗粉も発生し難いので、長時間摺動しても摺動面の摩耗が進行することなく、双方の組合せ摺動部材の耐摩耗性が向上する。また、組合せ摺動部材の焼付き特性及び摩擦特性も向上するので、部材の長寿命化を図ることができる。 Because of these effects, these combined sliding members have good initial familiarity and are less likely to generate initial wear powder. The wear resistance of the sliding member is improved. Moreover, since the seizure characteristics and the friction characteristics of the combination sliding member are improved, the life of the member can be extended.
この非晶質炭素材料の被膜を成膜する方法としては、真空蒸着、スパッタリング、イオンプレーティングなどを利用した物理的蒸着法(PVD)により成膜してもよく、プラズマ電解処理などを利用した化学気相成長法(CVD)により成膜してもよい。 As a method of forming a film of this amorphous carbon material, the film may be formed by physical vapor deposition (PVD) using vacuum deposition, sputtering, ion plating, etc., and plasma electrolytic treatment or the like is used. The film may be formed by chemical vapor deposition (CVD).
また、第一摺動部材の被膜の表面粗さはRa0.05μm以下、第二摺動部材の被膜の表面粗さはRa0.1μm以下にする必要があり、この条件を満たさないと、少なくともいずれか一方の摺動面から摩耗粉が発生してしまい、摩耗を低減することができない。そして、このような表面粗さは、被膜前のこれら摺動部材の基材の表面粗さを調整することにより得ることができる。 Further, the surface roughness of the coating film of the first sliding member needs to be Ra 0.05 μm or less, and the surface roughness of the coating film of the second sliding member needs to be Ra 0.1 μm or less. Wear powder is generated from one of the sliding surfaces, and wear cannot be reduced. Such surface roughness can be obtained by adjusting the surface roughness of the base material of these sliding members before coating.
また、第一摺動部材の被膜の表面硬度は、第二摺動部材の被膜の表面硬度よりも、Hv400以上高い表面硬度を有することが好ましい。そのような硬度差が得られない場合には、双方の摺動部材の摩耗が促進される。さらにまた好ましい態様としては、この硬度差はHv500以上である。 Moreover, it is preferable that the surface hardness of the film of the first sliding member has a surface hardness higher by Hv400 or more than the surface hardness of the film of the second sliding member. When such a hardness difference cannot be obtained, wear of both sliding members is promoted. Furthermore, as a preferable aspect, this hardness difference is Hv500 or more.
また、このような摺動部材の被膜の表面硬度は、Hv1000からHv4000の範囲内にあることが好ましく、Hv1000以下の場合には、この低硬度の被膜表面から摩耗が発生し、Hv4000以上の場合には、この被膜と摺動部材の基材との密着力が低下する。 Further, the surface hardness of the coating film of such a sliding member is preferably in the range of Hv1000 to Hv4000. When the hardness is Hv1000 or less, wear occurs from the surface of the low hardness coating film, and the hardness is Hv4000 or more. In this case, the adhesion between the coating and the base material of the sliding member is reduced.
よって、この表面硬度の範囲を満たしつつ、第一摺動部材の被膜の表面硬度が、第二摺動部材の被膜の表面硬度によりもHv400以上高い表面硬度を有するためには、第一摺動部材の被膜の表面硬度がHv1400からHv4000の範囲にあり、第二摺動部材の被膜の表面硬度がHv1000からHv3600の範囲にあることが好ましい。また、Hv500以上の硬度差とする場合には、第一摺動部材の被膜の表面硬度がHv1500からHv4000の範囲となり、第二摺動部材の被膜の表面硬度がHv1000からHv3500の範囲となる。 Therefore, in order to satisfy the surface hardness range and the surface hardness of the coating film of the first sliding member is higher than the surface hardness of the coating film of the second sliding member by Hv400 or more, the first sliding member The surface hardness of the member coating is preferably in the range of Hv1400 to Hv4000, and the surface hardness of the coating of the second sliding member is preferably in the range of Hv1000 to Hv3600. When the hardness difference is Hv500 or more, the surface hardness of the coating on the first sliding member is in the range of Hv1500 to Hv4000, and the surface hardness of the coating on the second sliding member is in the range of Hv1000 to Hv3500.
また、このような被膜の表面硬度は、バイアス電圧をかけてPVDにより成膜をする場合は、そのバイアス電圧の大きさを所定電圧に設定することにより、この被膜の表面硬度を調整することができる。この他にも、この非晶質炭素材料中に、Si、Ti、Cr、Mo、Fe、Wなどの添加元素を含有させて、被膜の表面硬度を調整することもできる。 Further, the surface hardness of such a film can be adjusted by setting the bias voltage to a predetermined voltage when a film is formed by PVD with a bias voltage applied. it can. In addition, the surface hardness of the coating film can be adjusted by adding an additive element such as Si, Ti, Cr, Mo, Fe, or W into the amorphous carbon material.
さらに、上記表面硬度の条件を満たしつつ、第二摺動部材の被膜の表面粗さを、第一摺動部材の被膜の表面粗さよりも、Ra0.005μm以上大きい中心線平均粗さRaにすることが好ましく、このような表面粗さの差を設けることにより、摩耗を低減することができる。 Furthermore, the surface roughness of the coating film of the second sliding member is set to a center line average roughness Ra that is Ra 0.005 μm or more larger than the surface roughness of the coating film of the first sliding member while satisfying the surface hardness condition. It is preferable that the wear can be reduced by providing such a difference in surface roughness.
さらに、この被膜を摺動部材に形成するにあたっては、摺動部材の基材とこの被膜との間に、中間層として、クロム(Cr)からなる層を設けることにより、この被膜の密着性を向上させることができる。また、このクロムの代わりに、チタン(Ti)またはタングステン(W)を用いてもよい。 Furthermore, in forming this coating on the sliding member, by providing a layer made of chromium (Cr) as an intermediate layer between the base of the sliding member and this coating, the adhesion of this coating can be improved. Can be improved. Further, instead of chromium, titanium (Ti) or tungsten (W) may be used.
また、これら摺動部材の被膜の膜厚は、0.1μm以上の厚みであることが好ましく、この膜厚よりも小さい場合には、摺動時にこの被膜がすぐに摩滅してしまい、所望の効果を得ることができない。 Further, the film thickness of these sliding members is preferably 0.1 μm or more. If the film thickness is smaller than this film thickness, the film is quickly worn away during sliding, and the desired thickness The effect cannot be obtained.
そして、このような摺動部材を、内燃機関を構成するピストンリングとシリンダブロックとに用いる場合には、当該内燃機関のピストンリングの摺動面に前記組合せ摺動部材の第一摺動部材が用い、シリンダブロックの摺動面には前記組合せ摺動部材の第二摺動部材を用いることが好ましい。 And when using such a sliding member for the piston ring and cylinder block which comprise an internal combustion engine, the 1st sliding member of the said combination sliding member is on the sliding surface of the piston ring of the said internal combustion engine. It is preferable to use the second sliding member of the combination sliding member on the sliding surface of the cylinder block.
さらに、この機械装置を構成するピストンとシリンダとに、このような摺動部材を用いる場合には、当該機械装置のピストンの摺動面に前記組合せ摺動部材の第一摺動部材を用い、シリンダの摺動面に前記組合せ摺動部材の第二摺動部材を用いることが好ましい。 Furthermore, when using such a sliding member for the piston and cylinder constituting the mechanical device, the first sliding member of the combination sliding member is used for the sliding surface of the piston of the mechanical device, It is preferable to use the second sliding member of the combination sliding member on the sliding surface of the cylinder.
内燃機関のピストンリングとシリンダブロック、または、機械装置のピストンとシリンダに、この様な組合せ摺動部材を適用することにより、双方の部品の摩耗を低減し摺動特性を向上することができるので、これらの機器の長寿命化を図ることができる。 By applying such a combination sliding member to the piston ring and cylinder block of an internal combustion engine, or the piston and cylinder of a mechanical device, it is possible to reduce wear of both parts and improve sliding characteristics. Therefore, it is possible to extend the life of these devices.
また、第一摺動部材の摺動面は、第二摺動部材の摺動面に比べて、表面硬度が高く、表面粗さが小さいので摩耗し難く、このような第一摺動部材を、摺動面が常に相手部材の摺動面と接触するピストンリング及びピストンに用いることで、双方の部材の摩耗をさらに抑えることができる。 In addition, the sliding surface of the first sliding member has a higher surface hardness and a lower surface roughness than the sliding surface of the second sliding member, and is difficult to wear. By using the piston ring and the piston whose sliding surface is always in contact with the sliding surface of the mating member, wear of both members can be further suppressed.
本発明によれば、組合せた摺動部材の双方の摩耗を低減すると共に、組合せ摺動部材としての焼付き特性、摩擦特性など向上することができ、部材全体としての寿命を長寿命化することができる。 According to the present invention, wear of both of the combined sliding members can be reduced, seizure characteristics, friction characteristics, etc. as the combined sliding members can be improved, and the life of the entire member can be extended. Can do.
以下に、本発明を実施例により説明する。 Hereinafter, the present invention will be described by way of examples.
(実施例1)
第一摺動部材として、ステンレス鋼(JIS規格SUS440C、焼入れ品、表面硬度Hv500)の棒材から、16mm×6mm×10mmのサイコロ試験片を製造した。このサイコロ試験片の表面粗さが中心線平均粗さRa0.007μmとなるように、表面粗さを調整し、アンバランスドマグネトロンスパッタリング装置(神戸製鋼所社製)を用いて、この表面に、非晶質炭素材料(DLC)からなる被膜を形成した。この被膜の成膜条件としては、アルゴン(Ar)にメタン(CH4)を体積率で5%混合したガスをフローガスとして用い、雰囲気温度を100℃にしてサイコロ試験片にバイアス電圧100Vを印加し、グラファイトターゲットをスパッタ粒子にすることにより、表1に示す如くDLCの被膜の表面硬度:2000Hv、表面粗さRa(中心線平均粗さ)0.01μmとなるように、この粒子を試験片の表面に蒸着し、厚さ1.5μmのDLCの被膜を形成した。
Example 1
As a first sliding member, a 16 mm × 6 mm × 10 mm dice test piece was manufactured from a rod of stainless steel (JIS standard SUS440C, quenched product, surface hardness Hv500). The surface roughness of this dice test piece is adjusted so that the center line average roughness Ra is 0.007 μm, and an unbalanced magnetron sputtering apparatus (manufactured by Kobe Steel) is used. A film made of an amorphous carbon material (DLC) was formed. As a film forming condition of this film, a gas obtained by mixing 5% by volume of methane (CH 4 ) with argon (Ar) is used as a flow gas, and an atmospheric temperature is set to 100 ° C. and a bias voltage of 100 V is applied to the dice specimen. Then, by making the graphite target into sputtered particles, as shown in Table 1, the DLC film surface hardness: 2000 Hv, and the surface roughness Ra (center line average roughness) 0.01 μm, the particles were tested. A DLC film having a thickness of 1.5 μm was formed.
一方、第二摺動部材として、ステンレス鋼(JIS規格SUS440C、焼入れ品、表面硬度Hv500)の棒材から、外形35mm×内径30mm×幅10mmの円筒試験片を製造した。このサイコロ試験片(母材)の表面粗さが中心線平均粗さRa0.015μmとなるように、表面粗さを調整し、プラズマCVD法により、この表面にDLCからなる被膜を形成した。具体的には、成膜用原料ガス:アセチレン(C2H2)、成膜圧力:0.5×10−2Torr、高周波電力:2kW、印加電圧の周波数:2.5GHz、電力印加電極の温度:500℃の成膜条件により、表1に示す如く、表面硬度:1500Hv、表面粗さRa(中心線平均粗さ)0.016μmとなるように厚さ1.5μmのDLCの被膜を形成した。 On the other hand, a cylindrical test piece having an outer diameter of 35 mm, an inner diameter of 30 mm, and a width of 10 mm was manufactured from a rod of stainless steel (JIS standard SUS440C, quenched product, surface hardness Hv500) as the second sliding member. The surface roughness of the dice test piece (base material) was adjusted so that the center line average roughness Ra was 0.015 μm, and a film made of DLC was formed on the surface by plasma CVD. Specifically, film forming raw material gas: acetylene (C 2 H 2 ), film forming pressure: 0.5 × 10 −2 Torr, high frequency power: 2 kW, applied voltage frequency: 2.5 GHz, power applied electrode As shown in Table 1, a DLC film with a thickness of 1.5 μm is formed so that the surface hardness is 1500 Hv and the surface roughness Ra (centerline average roughness) is 0.016 μm, depending on the film formation conditions of temperature: 500 ° C. did.
尚、図1には、両者の試験片の表面硬度の差(硬度差)、及び表面粗さの差(粗さ差)も同時に示しており、表面硬度の差は、サイコロ試験片の表面硬度から円筒試験片の表面硬度を減算した値であり、表面粗さの差は、円筒試験片の表面粗さからサイコロ試験片の表面粗さを減算した値である。 FIG. 1 also shows the difference in surface hardness (hardness difference) and the difference in surface roughness (roughness difference) between the two specimens. The difference in surface hardness is the surface hardness of the dice specimen. Is a value obtained by subtracting the surface hardness of the cylindrical test piece, and the difference in surface roughness is a value obtained by subtracting the surface roughness of the dice test piece from the surface roughness of the cylindrical test piece.
(実施例2)
実施例1と同様に第一摺動部材と第二摺動部材とを製作した。実施例1と異なる点は、上記成膜条件のバイアス電圧、高周波電力、及びこの被膜を形成する前の各摺動部材の基材の表面粗さを調整し、表1に示す如く、第一摺動部材(サイコロ試験片)の表面硬度をHv3000、表面粗さRa0.02μm、第二摺動部材(円筒試験片)の表面硬度をHv2000、表面粗さRa0.03μmとなるように、DLCの被膜を各摺動部材に形成した点である。
(Example 2)
A first sliding member and a second sliding member were produced in the same manner as in Example 1. The difference from Example 1 is that the bias voltage under the above film formation conditions, the high frequency power, and the surface roughness of the base material of each sliding member before this coating is formed are adjusted as shown in Table 1. The surface hardness of the sliding member (dice test piece) is Hv3000, the surface roughness Ra is 0.02 μm, the surface hardness of the second sliding member (cylindrical test piece) is Hv2000, and the surface roughness Ra is 0.03 μm. The point is that a coating is formed on each sliding member.
実施例1及び2の組合せ摺動部材に対して摩耗試験を行った。具体的には、DLCを被覆したサイコロ試験片の16mm×6mmの面と、DLCを被覆した円筒試験片の外周面とを接触させ、その接触した摺動面に潤滑油(SAE5W−30)を給油しながら、荷重30kgf、円筒試験片の回転数160rpmの条件で30分間連続試験を行った。そして、サイコロ試験片の摩耗痕深さ、円筒試験片の摩耗重量を測定し、これらの測定値をそれぞれの摩耗量とした。さらに、摩耗試験時におけるこれら組合せ摺動部材の摩擦係数μも同時に測定した。この試験結果を図1に示す。 A wear test was performed on the combination sliding members of Examples 1 and 2. Specifically, the 16 mm × 6 mm surface of the DLC-coated dice test piece is brought into contact with the outer peripheral surface of the cylindrical test piece coated with DLC, and lubricating oil (SAE5W-30) is applied to the contacted sliding surface. While supplying oil, a continuous test was performed for 30 minutes under the conditions of a load of 30 kgf and a rotational speed of the cylindrical test piece of 160 rpm. Then, the wear scar depth of the dice test piece and the wear weight of the cylindrical test piece were measured, and these measured values were used as the respective wear amounts. Furthermore, the friction coefficient μ of these combination sliding members at the time of the wear test was also measured at the same time. The test results are shown in FIG.
図1に示すように、実施例1及び実施例2のサイコロ試験片の摩耗量は0.5μm程度、円筒試験片の摩耗量は0.35mg、摩擦係数は0.05であり、両者の試験結果に殆ど差異は認められなかった。 As shown in FIG. 1, the wear amount of the dice test pieces of Example 1 and Example 2 is about 0.5 μm, the wear amount of the cylindrical test piece is 0.35 mg, and the friction coefficient is 0.05. There was almost no difference in the results.
(比較例1)
実施例1と同様に第一摺動部材と第二摺動部材とを製作した。実施例1と異なる点は、第二摺動部材の成膜条件である高周波電力を2.5kWにし、さらに、この被膜を形成する前の各摺動部材の基材の表面粗さを調整し、表1に示す如く、第二摺動部材(円筒試験片)の表面硬度をHv2000、表面粗さRa0.01μmとなるように、DLCの被膜を各摺動部材に被覆した点である。
(Comparative Example 1)
A first sliding member and a second sliding member were produced in the same manner as in Example 1. The difference from Example 1 is that the high-frequency power, which is the film forming condition of the second sliding member, is set to 2.5 kW, and the surface roughness of the base material of each sliding member before this coating is formed is adjusted. As shown in Table 1, each sliding member was coated with a DLC coating so that the surface hardness of the second sliding member (cylindrical test piece) was Hv2000 and the surface roughness Ra was 0.01 μm.
(比較例2)
実施例2と同様に第一摺動部材と第二摺動部材とを製作した。実施例2と異なる点としては、被膜を被覆する前の各摺動部材の基材の表面粗さを調整し、表1に示す如く、第二摺動部材(円筒試験片)の表面粗さRa0.02μmとなるように、DLCの被膜をこの摺動部材に形成した点である。
(Comparative Example 2)
Similar to Example 2, a first sliding member and a second sliding member were produced. The difference from Example 2 is that the surface roughness of the base material of each sliding member before coating the coating is adjusted, and as shown in Table 1, the surface roughness of the second sliding member (cylindrical test piece). The DLC film is formed on the sliding member so that Ra is 0.02 μm.
(比較例3)
実施例1と同様に第一摺動部材と第二摺動部材とを製作した。実施例1と異なる点は、表1に示す如く、第二摺動部材(円筒試験片)にはDLCの被膜を被覆せず、表面硬度をHv500、表面粗さRa0.016μmとなるように、この摺動面の表面を処理した点である。
(Comparative Example 3)
A first sliding member and a second sliding member were produced in the same manner as in Example 1. The difference from Example 1 is that, as shown in Table 1, the second sliding member (cylindrical test piece) is not coated with the DLC film, the surface hardness is Hv500, and the surface roughness Ra is 0.016 μm. This is the point where the surface of this sliding surface is processed.
(比較例4)
実施例1と同様に第一摺動部材と第二摺動部材とを製作した。実施例1と異なる点は、被膜を形成する前の各摺動部材の基材の表面粗さを調整し、表1に示す如く、第一摺動部材(サイコロ試験片)の表面粗さRa0.06μm、第二摺動部材(円筒試験片)の表面粗さRa0.12μmとなるように、DLCの被膜を各摺動部材に形成した点である。
(Comparative Example 4)
A first sliding member and a second sliding member were produced in the same manner as in Example 1. The difference from Example 1 is that the surface roughness of the base material of each sliding member before forming the coating is adjusted, and as shown in Table 1, the surface roughness Ra0 of the first sliding member (dice test piece). The DLC film is formed on each sliding member so that the surface roughness Ra of the second sliding member (cylindrical test piece) is 0.12 μm.
これらの比較例1から4に対して、実施例1と同様の摩耗試験を行い、各試験片の摩耗量及び摩擦係数を求めた。この結果を図1に示す。 These Comparative Examples 1 to 4 were subjected to the same wear test as in Example 1, and the wear amount and friction coefficient of each test piece were obtained. The result is shown in FIG.
図1に示すように、比較例1から比較例4のサイコロ試験片、円筒試験片のいずれも、実施例1、2に比べて、その摩耗量は多く、摩擦係数も高かった。 As shown in FIG. 1, both the dice test piece and the cylindrical test piece of Comparative Examples 1 to 4 had a larger amount of wear and a higher friction coefficient than Examples 1 and 2.
(評価1)
実施例1と、比較例1とを比較すると、比較例1の如く、サイコロ試験片と円筒試験片の表面硬度、表面粗さを同程度する場合に比べ、実施例1の如く、サイコロ試験片と円筒試験片との表面硬度Hvに差(500Hv)を設け、さらに表面粗さRaに差(粗さ差Ra0.006)を設けた場合の方が、試験片の摩耗量が低減すると考えられる。
(Evaluation 1)
When Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 are compared, as in Comparative Example 1, a dice test piece as in Example 1 is compared to a case in which the surface hardness and surface roughness of the dice test piece and cylindrical test piece are the same. It is considered that the wear amount of the test piece is reduced when a difference (500 Hv) is provided in the surface hardness Hv between the test piece and the cylindrical test piece and a difference (roughness difference Ra 0.006) is provided in the surface roughness Ra. .
すなわち、摺動部材の一方の表面を他方の表面よりも硬くすること、又は、この他方の表面を一方の表面よりも粗くすること、の少なくとも一方の条件が成立した場合に、摺動部材の耐摩耗性は向上すると考えられる。 That is, when at least one of the conditions of making one surface of the sliding member harder than the other surface or making the other surface rougher than the one surface is satisfied, Abrasion resistance is thought to improve.
(評価2)
実施例2と、比較例2とを比較すると、比較例2の如く、サイコロ試験片と円筒試験片との表面硬度に差(硬度差1000Hv:実施例2と同じ硬度差)を設けたとしても、サイコロ試験片と円筒試験片との表面粗さに差を設けなければ、実施例2の如く、試験片の摩耗量が低減しないと考えられる。
(Evaluation 2)
When Example 2 and Comparative Example 2 are compared, even if a difference (hardness difference 1000 Hv: the same hardness difference as Example 2) is provided in the surface hardness between the dice test piece and the cylindrical test piece as in Comparative Example 2. If there is no difference in the surface roughness between the dice test piece and the cylindrical test piece, it is considered that the wear amount of the test piece is not reduced as in Example 2.
以上の評価1及び評価2から、摺動部材の一方の表面を他方の表面よりも硬くすること、及び、この他方の表面を一方の表面よりも粗くすることの2条件を同時に満たした場合にのみ、摺動部材の耐摩耗性は向上すると考えられる。 From the above Evaluation 1 and Evaluation 2, when the two conditions of making one surface of the sliding member harder than the other surface and making the other surface rougher than the other surface are simultaneously satisfied Only the wear resistance of the sliding member is considered to be improved.
(評価3)
さらに、実施例1と比較例4とを比較すると、比較例4の如く、サイコロ試験片と円筒試験片との表面硬度を実施例1と同じくしても、サイコロ試験片と円筒試験片の絶対的な表面粗さが大きすぎると、アブレッシブ摩耗によりDLCの摩耗粉が多く発生するために、摩耗は低減されないと考えられる。
(Evaluation 3)
Furthermore, when Example 1 and Comparative Example 4 are compared, as in Comparative Example 4, even if the surface hardness of the dice test piece and the cylindrical test piece is the same as that of Example 1, the absolute value of the dice test piece and the cylindrical test piece is the same. If the surface roughness is too large, a large amount of DLC wear powder is generated due to the abrasive wear, and it is considered that the wear is not reduced.
よって、比較例4から、このサイコロ試験片の表面粗さは、Ra0.06μmよりも小さいことが好ましく、円筒試験片の粗さは、Ra0.12μmよりも小さいことが好ましい。またより好ましいサイコロ試験片の表面粗さは、Ra0.05μm以下、円筒試験片の粗さは、Ra0.1μm以下であると推定される。 Therefore, from Comparative Example 4, the surface roughness of the dice test piece is preferably smaller than Ra 0.06 μm, and the roughness of the cylindrical test piece is preferably smaller than Ra 0.12 μm. Further, it is estimated that the surface roughness of the more preferable dice test piece is Ra 0.05 μm or less, and the roughness of the cylindrical test piece is Ra 0.1 μm or less.
(評価4)
実施例1と比較例3とを比較すると、比較例3の如く、サイコロ試験片と円筒試験片との表面粗度を実施例1と同じくしても、DLCの被膜を形成しない円筒試験片の表面硬度は低すぎる(Hv500)ため、摩耗量が多かったと考えられる。
(Evaluation 4)
When Example 1 and Comparative Example 3 are compared, as in Comparative Example 3, even if the surface roughness of the dice test piece and the cylindrical test piece is the same as that of Example 1, the cylindrical test piece that does not form a DLC film is shown. Since the surface hardness is too low (Hv500), it is considered that the wear amount was large.
このことから、摺動面にDLCを被覆すれば表面硬度Hv1000からHv4000の硬度が得られるので、この硬度の範囲において、表面硬度に差を設ければよいと考えられる。すなわち、表面硬度Hv1000以下であれば、この低硬度表面が摩耗してしまい、被膜を形成することによりHv4000以上の表面硬度を得たとしても、一般的に、被膜の密着性が悪化すると考えられている。 From this, it is considered that a surface hardness of Hv1000 to Hv4000 can be obtained by coating the sliding surface with DLC. Therefore, it is considered that a difference in surface hardness should be provided within this hardness range. That is, if the surface hardness is Hv 1000 or less, this low hardness surface is worn, and even if a surface hardness of Hv 4000 or more is obtained by forming a coating, it is generally considered that the adhesion of the coating is deteriorated. ing.
(評価5)
このような評価1から4から、第一摺動部材の被膜は、第二摺動部材の被膜に比べて表面硬度を高く、第二摺動部材の被膜は、第一摺動部材の被膜に比べて表面粗さを大きくすることにより、摺動部材の摩耗が低減されることがわかった。そして、表1に示すような実施例1及び実施例2の硬度差から、第一摺動部材の被膜の表面硬度は、第二摺動部材の被膜の表面硬度に比べて、およそHv400以上高い表面硬度がよいと推定され、さらに好ましくはこの硬度差はHv500以上とするのがよいと考えられる。
(Evaluation 5)
From such evaluations 1 to 4, the coating of the first sliding member has a higher surface hardness than the coating of the second sliding member, and the coating of the second sliding member is the coating of the first sliding member. It has been found that wear of the sliding member is reduced by increasing the surface roughness. And from the hardness difference of Example 1 and Example 2 as shown in Table 1, the surface hardness of the coating of the first sliding member is higher by about Hv400 or more than the surface hardness of the coating of the second sliding member. It is estimated that the surface hardness is good, and more preferably, the hardness difference is considered to be Hv500 or more.
さらに、第二摺動部材の被膜の表面粗さは、第一摺動部材の被膜の表面粗さに比べて、およそRa0.005μm以上の大きい中心線平均粗さRaにするのがよいと推定され、さらに好ましくはこの粗さ差は、Ra0.006μm以上とするのがよいと考えられる。 Further, it is estimated that the surface roughness of the coating film of the second sliding member should be a large center line average roughness Ra of about Ra0.005 μm or more compared to the surface roughness of the coating film of the first sliding member. More preferably, the roughness difference is considered to be Ra 0.006 μm or more.
本実施例の組合せ摺動部材は、エンジンのピストンリングとシリンダブロックからなる組合せ摺動部品、シリンダとピストンからなる組合せ摺動部品など、摺動する頻度が高く、摺動面の面圧が高い環境において使用される摺動部材に特に好適である。 The combination sliding member of this embodiment has a high sliding frequency and a high surface pressure on the sliding surface, such as a combination sliding part consisting of an engine piston ring and a cylinder block, and a combination sliding part consisting of a cylinder and a piston. It is particularly suitable for sliding members used in the environment.
Claims (3)
該第一摺動部材の摺動面と摺動する摺動面に、非晶質炭素材料の被膜を形成した第二摺動部材と、を備え、
前記第一摺動部材の被膜は、前記第二摺動部材の被膜に比べて、表面硬度が高く、前記第二摺動部材の被膜は、前記第一摺動部材の被膜に比べて、表面粗さが大きく、
前記第一摺動部材の被膜の表面硬度が、Hv1400からHv4000の範囲にあり、前記第二摺動部材の被膜の表面硬度が、Hv1000からHv3600の範囲にあり、前記第一摺動部材の被膜の表面硬度は、前記第二摺動部材の被膜の表面硬度よりも、Hv400以上高い表面硬度を有し、
前記第一摺動部材の被膜の表面粗さが中心線平均粗さRa0.05μm以下であり、前記第二摺動部材の被膜の表面粗さが中心線平均粗さRa0.1μm以下であり、前記第二摺動部材の被膜の表面粗さは、前記第一摺動部材の被膜の表面粗さよりも、Ra0.005μm以上大きい中心線平均粗さRaを有する、
ことを特徴とする組合せ摺動部材。 The sliding surface, a first slide member formed with the amorphous carbon material coating,
The sliding surface of the sliding surface and the sliding of the first sliding member comprises a second slide member formed with the amorphous carbon material coating, and
The coating of the first sliding member has a higher surface hardness than the coating of the second sliding member, and the coating of the second sliding member has a surface that is higher than the coating of the first sliding member. The roughness is large,
The surface hardness of the coating of the first sliding member is in the range of Hv1400 to Hv4000, the surface hardness of the coating of the second sliding member is in the range of Hv1000 to Hv3600, and the coating of the first sliding member surface hardness of the than the surface hardness of the coating of the second sliding member, have a high surface hardness than Hv 400,
The surface roughness of the film of the first sliding member is a center line average roughness Ra of 0.05 μm or less, and the surface roughness of the film of the second sliding member is a center line average roughness Ra of 0.1 μm or less, The surface roughness of the coating of the second sliding member has a center line average roughness Ra that is Ra 0.005 μm or more larger than the surface roughness of the coating of the first sliding member.
A combination sliding member characterized by that.
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