JP4444881B2 - Dimension measuring method and apparatus - Google Patents

Dimension measuring method and apparatus Download PDF

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JP4444881B2
JP4444881B2 JP2005151974A JP2005151974A JP4444881B2 JP 4444881 B2 JP4444881 B2 JP 4444881B2 JP 2005151974 A JP2005151974 A JP 2005151974A JP 2005151974 A JP2005151974 A JP 2005151974A JP 4444881 B2 JP4444881 B2 JP 4444881B2
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JP2006329745A (en
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智仙 岡田
展之 大谷
光雄 中道
正志 佐藤
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Hitachi Engineering and Services Co Ltd
Hitachi Ltd
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Description

本発明は、大型の構造物の寸法測定に適した寸法測定方法及び装置に関する。   The present invention relates to a dimension measuring method and apparatus suitable for measuring a dimension of a large structure.

例えば、鉄道車両の台車枠等の構造物は、鋼材をプレス加工や鋳造加工した部品を溶接加工等により製缶し、製造される。
台車枠は、他の部品の取付けのために、機械加工が施されるので、台車枠素材の各部の寸法、形状を正確に測定する必要がある。
大型の構造物を非接触で測定する手段として、レーザ光を利用した測定方法が本出願人により提案されており、下記の特許文献１に開示されている。
特開２００４−１３０８７４号公報 For example, a structure such as a bogie frame of a railway vehicle is manufactured by making a can made by stamping or casting a steel material by welding or the like.
Since the bogie frame is machined for mounting other parts, it is necessary to accurately measure the dimensions and shape of each part of the bogie frame material.
As a means for measuring a large structure in a non-contact manner, a measurement method using laser light has been proposed by the present applicant, and is disclosed in Patent Document 1 below.
JP 2004-130874 A

本発明の目的は、上述した技術を更に発展させたレーザ光を利用した三次元測定機と旋回テーブルを備えた測定方法を提供するものである。 An object of the present invention is to provide a measuring how having a coordinate measuring machine and the turning table using a laser beam a further development of the techniques described above.

上記目的は、昇降装置に備えられた三次元測定装置を用いて、ターンテーブル上に設置された複数の基準点の位置を測定するとともに、前記基準点の測定された位置データに基づいて前記三次元測定装置の位置データを修正し、前記ターンテーブル上に取り付けられるワークの寸法測定方法であって、前記三次元測定装置の位置データと前記ターンテーブルの旋回角度データとをパソコンに転送し、前記基準点の位置を測定した後、前記三次元測定装置の前記位置データを修正する工程と、前記ワークの位置を測定すると共に前記ワークの取り付け位置を確認する工程と、前記昇降装置と前記ターンテーブルを駆動した後、前記基準点の位置を測定すると共に前記三次元測定装置の前記位置データを修正した後、前記ワークの寸法を測定する工程と、前記ワークの寸法を測定したデータからノイズを除去した後、前記データと前記ワークのＣＡＤデータとの間で誤差が最小となるようにベストフィット処理する工程と、前記昇降装置と前記ターンテーブルを駆動した後、前記基準点の位置を測定し、前記三次元測定装置の前記位置データを修正した後、前記ワークの各部品の寸法を測定する工程と、前記ワークの前記各部品の寸法を測定したデータからノイズを除去した後、前記データと前記各部品のＣＡＤデータとを比較して、前記各部品の取り付け位置誤差を算出すると共に前記取り付け位置誤差を前記パソコンに出力する工程と、前記昇降装置と前記ターンテーブルを駆動した後、前記基準点の位置を測定して、前記三次元測定装置の前記位置データを修正した後、前記ワークの基準断面を指示すると共に前記基準断面にケガキを施す工程と、からなることを特徴とするワークの寸法測定方法によって達成できる。 The Purpose, using the three-dimensional measuring device provided in the lifting device, together with measuring the installed position of the plurality of reference points on a turntable, on the basis of the measured position data of the reference point the Correcting the position data of the three-dimensional measuring device, a method for measuring the dimensions of the work mounted on the turntable, transferring the position data of the three-dimensional measuring device and the turning angle data of the turntable to a personal computer, After measuring the position of the reference point, the step of correcting the position data of the three-dimensional measuring device, the step of measuring the position of the workpiece and confirming the attachment position of the workpiece, the lifting device and the turn After driving the table, the position of the reference point is measured and the position data of the three-dimensional measuring device is corrected, and then the dimensions of the workpiece are measured. And, after removing noise from the data obtained by measuring the dimensions of the workpiece, performing a best fit process so as to minimize an error between the data and the CAD data of the workpiece, the lifting device and the turn After driving the table, measuring the position of the reference point, correcting the position data of the three-dimensional measuring device, and then measuring the dimensions of the parts of the workpiece; and the dimensions of the parts of the workpiece After removing noise from the measured data, comparing the data with the CAD data of each part, calculating the attachment position error of each part and outputting the attachment position error to the personal computer, After driving the lifting device and the turntable, the position of the reference point is measured and the position data of the three-dimensional measuring device is corrected. A step of performing scribed on the reference plane instructs the reference cross section of the can achieved by the dimension measuring method of the workpiece, characterized in that it consists of.

図１は、本発明の寸法測定装置の外観図である。
全体を符号１で示す寸法測定装置は、ベース５で連結されるマスト１０とターンテーブル３０を備える。マスト１０は、ガイドレール１２を有し、測定ヘッド２０をＺ軸方向に案内する。なお、マストとターンテーブルは互に独立した構造とすることもできる。 FIG. 1 is an external view of a dimension measuring apparatus according to the present invention.
The dimension measuring apparatus denoted as a whole by reference numeral 1 includes a mast 10 and a turntable 30 connected by a base 5. The mast 10 has a guide rail 12 and guides the measuring head 20 in the Z-axis direction. Note that the mast and the turntable may be independent of each other.

測定ヘッド２０は、三次元測定機２２を有し、三次元測定機２２は、レーザビームＬＢをワーク１００の各部位に照射し、三次元データを検知する。三次元データは、ラインＬ１を介してパソコンＰＣ１に送られ、データ処理される。
このデータは、ラインＬ２を介して複合加工機ＭＴの制御用パソコンＰＣ２に送られ、取付位置等の加工用に利用される。 The measuring head 20 has a three-dimensional measuring machine 22, and the three-dimensional measuring machine 22 irradiates each part of the workpiece 100 with a laser beam LB and detects three-dimensional data. Three-dimensional data is sent to the personal computer PC1 via the line L 1, it is the data processing.
This data is sent to the control computer PC2 of the multifunction processing machine MT via the line L 2, it is utilized for processing such as the mounting position.

ターンテーブル３０は、矢印Ｒ１方向に３６０度旋回可能であり、この旋回角度位置情報はＰＣ１に送られる。 The turntable 30 is pivotable 360 degrees in the arrow R 1 direction, the turning angle position information is sent to PC1.

ターンテーブル３０上には、取付治具３２を介してワーク１００が取付けられる。ターンテーブル３０上には、基準点位置に複数のスチールボールＢ１、Ｂ２、Ｂ３、・・・が設置される。
三次元測定機２２は、このターンテーブル３０上のスチールボールの位置を測定し、ワークの各部の座標位置の測定データと関連づける。各方位からの測定データも、スチールボールの測定データによって関連づけられる。 A workpiece 100 is attached on the turntable 30 via an attachment jig 32. On the turntable 30, a plurality of steel balls B 1 , B 2 , B 3 ,.
The three-dimensional measuring machine 22 measures the position of the steel ball on the turntable 30 and associates it with the measurement data of the coordinate position of each part of the workpiece. The measurement data from each direction is also related by the measurement data of the steel ball.

図２は、ワークである台車枠素材の外観を示す。
台車枠１００は、レール方向に延びる２本の部材１１０と、部材１１０を連結する２本のパイプ部材１２０を備える。そして各部材には、モータやブレーキ装置を取付けるための座を有するフランジ部材等の部品が溶接等により固着される。 FIG. 2 shows the appearance of the bogie frame material that is a workpiece.
The carriage frame 100 includes two members 110 extending in the rail direction and two pipe members 120 that connect the members 110. Parts such as a flange member having a seat for mounting a motor and a brake device are fixed to each member by welding or the like.

図３は、図２に示した台車枠１００を三次元測定機により測定した全体のデータＤ１を示す。
パソコンＰＣ１は、ワーク１００のＣＡＤデータＣ１を記載している。図４は、このワーク１００のＣＡＤデータＣ１に図３で示した測定データＤ１を重ね合わせたものを示す。 Figure 3 shows the data D 1 of the entire of the measurement of the bogie frame 100 shown in FIG. 2 by the coordinate measuring machine.
The personal computer PC1, describes a CAD data C 1 of the workpiece 100. Figure 4 shows the superposition of the measurement data D 1 shown in CAD data C 1 of the workpiece 100 in FIG.

図５は、測定データのうちから、部品測定データＰＤ１のみをとり出したものを示す。 FIG. 5 shows a part obtained by extracting only the part measurement data PD 1 from the measurement data.

図６は、部品測定データＰＤ１をワーク１００のＣＡＤデータＣ１に重ね合わせた状態を示し、図７は、図６の要部の拡大図である。 FIG. 6 shows a state in which the part measurement data PD 1 is superimposed on the CAD data C 1 of the workpiece 100, and FIG. 7 is an enlarged view of the main part of FIG.

図７は、ワーク１００の部材の取付座１５２の拡大図であって、取付座１５２のＣＡＤデータＣ１に部品測定データＰＤ１を重ね合わせた状態を示す。
ワーク１００のＣＡＤデータＣ１に対して、実際のワークを測定した部品データＰＤ１の差を評価して、例えば後工程の機械加工での削り代等を算出する。各部品の削り代等が最適（ベストフィット）すなわち、ＣＡＤデータと測定データの誤差が最小となるように、測定データを移動させて、ＣＡＤデータとの重ね合わせ操作を繰り返す。
ベストフィットが見出せれば、このときのワークの基準面をワーク表面に対してケガキを施し、後工程の機械加工の基準面として利用する。ケガキは、あらかじめワークに塗布しておいた塗料（例えば、有機ホウ素系塗料）にレーザを照射し、この塗料を変色させる。 FIG. 7 is an enlarged view of the mounting seat 152 of the member of the workpiece 100 and shows a state in which the part measurement data PD 1 is superimposed on the CAD data C 1 of the mounting seat 152.
Against CAD data C 1 of the workpiece 100, and evaluates the actual difference of the component data PD 1 to the workpiece was measured to calculate the machining allowance or the like in the machining in the subsequent step, for example. The measurement data is moved so that the machining allowance of each part is optimum (best fit), that is, the error between the CAD data and the measurement data is minimized, and the overlay operation with the CAD data is repeated.
If the best fit can be found, the reference surface of the workpiece at this time is marked on the workpiece surface and used as a reference surface for subsequent machining. The scribing irradiates a paint (for example, an organic boron-based paint) previously applied to the workpiece with a laser to change the color of the paint.

図８は、測定処理のフロー図である。
ステップＳ１０でスタートした処理は、ステップＳ１１で三次元測定機２２のＺ軸方向の現在の位置とターンテーブル３０の現在の旋回角度データをパソコンＰＣ１に転送する。
ステップＳ１２で三次元測定機の昇降装置とターンテーブルを駆動し、ステップＳ１３でターンテーブル上の基準点に配置した各ボールＢ１、Ｂ２、・・・を測定し、ステップＳ１４で三次元測定機の位置データを修正する。 FIG. 8 is a flowchart of the measurement process.
The process started in step S10 transfers the current position of the coordinate measuring machine 22 in the Z-axis direction and the current turning angle data of the turntable 30 to the personal computer PC1 in step S11.
In step S12, the lifting device and the turntable of the coordinate measuring machine are driven, and in step S13, the balls B 1 , B 2 ,... Arranged at the reference points on the turntable are measured, and in step S14, the three-dimensional measurement is performed. Correct the position data of the machine.

ステップＳ１５では、ターンテーブル上に取り付けたワークの位置確認のための測定を行い、ステップＳ１６でワークの取り付け位置の確認を行う。
ワークの取り付け位置が不良であれば、ステップＳ１７でワークの取り付け位置の再確認が必要な旨のアラームを出し、ステップＳ１５へ戻る。
ワークの位置がおおむね適正であれば、ステップＳ１８へ移行し、三次元測定機の昇降位置とターンテーブルを駆動し、ステップＳ１９でターンテーブル上の基準点のボールを測定する。ステップＳ２０で三次元測定機の位置データを修正し、ステップＳ２１でワーク外形の測定を実行する。必要に応じてステップＳ１８以下の工程を繰返す。 In step S15, measurement for confirming the position of the workpiece attached on the turntable is performed, and in step S16, the attachment position of the workpiece is confirmed.
If the work attachment position is defective, an alarm is issued in step S17 that the work attachment position needs to be reconfirmed, and the process returns to step S15.
If the position of the workpiece is generally appropriate, the process proceeds to step S18, the elevation position of the coordinate measuring machine and the turntable are driven, and the ball at the reference point on the turntable is measured in step S19. In step S20, the position data of the coordinate measuring machine is corrected, and in step S21, the workpiece outer shape is measured. Steps S18 and subsequent steps are repeated as necessary.

ステップＳ２２でワーク外形の測定データのノイズを除去し、ステップＳ２３でワーク外形のＣＡＤデータとの間でベストフィット処理を行う。
ベストフィット処理が完了したら、ステップＳ２４で三次元測定機の昇降装置とターンテーブルを駆動して位置を設定し、ステップＳ２５でターンテーブル上の基準点の測定を行い、ステップＳ２６で三次元測定機の位置データを修正し、ステップＳ２７でワークの各部品の詳細を測定する。ステップＳ２４以下の工程を必要回数繰返す。 In step S22, noise in the workpiece outline measurement data is removed, and in step S23, best fit processing is performed on the workpiece outline CAD data.
When the best fitting process is completed, the position is set by driving the lifting device and the turntable of the coordinate measuring machine in step S24, the reference point on the turntable is measured in step S25, and the coordinate measuring machine is measured in step S26. In step S27, the details of each part of the workpiece are measured. Steps S24 and subsequent steps are repeated as many times as necessary.

ステップＳ２８で部品詳細測定データのノイズを除去し、ステップＳ２９でＣＡＤデータと比較して部品取付位置誤差を算出する。ステップＳ３０で誤差、加工補正データを複合加工機側のパソコンへ出力する。
ステップＳ３１で再度三次元測定機の昇降装置とテーブルを駆動し、ステップＳ３２で基準点の測定を行う。ステップＳ３３で三次元測定機の位置データを修正し、ステップＳ３４でワークの基準断面の計測を行う。ワークの基準断面は図２の面Ｓ１、Ｓ２、Ｓ３、Ｓ４で示される。 In step S28, noise in the component detailed measurement data is removed, and in step S29, the component attachment position error is calculated by comparison with the CAD data. In step S30, the error and machining correction data are output to the personal computer on the multi-task machine side.
In step S31, the lifting device and table of the coordinate measuring machine are driven again, and in step S32, the reference point is measured. In step S33, the position data of the coordinate measuring machine is corrected, and in step S34, the reference cross section of the workpiece is measured. The reference cross section of the workpiece is indicated by planes S 1 , S 2 , S 3 and S 4 in FIG.

ステップＳ３５で三次元測定機の昇降装置とターンテーブルを駆動し、ステップＳ３６でワーク上の基準面断面線を指示し、ケガキを施す。このケガキは、例えばワーク表面に薬剤を塗布し、レーザビームを照射することにより、薬剤がその部分だけ着色されるような手段を用いる。
これにより、非接触で行うことができる。
このケガキ工程は必要回数繰返して行う。ケガキ処理が完了したなら、Ｓ３７で三次元測定機の昇降装置とターンテーブルを原点位置に復帰させ、ステップＳ３８で処理を終了する。 In step S35, the elevating device and the turntable of the coordinate measuring machine are driven, and in step S36, the reference plane cross-sectional line on the workpiece is designated and inscribed. For this marking, for example, a drug is applied to the surface of a workpiece and irradiated with a laser beam so that the drug is colored only at that portion.
Thereby, it can carry out without contact.
This marking process is repeated as many times as necessary. If the marking process is completed, the elevating device and the turntable of the coordinate measuring machine are returned to the origin position in S37, and the process is terminated in step S38.

本発明の寸法測定装置の外観図。The external view of the dimension measuring apparatus of this invention. 台車枠の斜視図。The perspective view of a bogie frame. 台車枠の測定データを示す説明図。Explanatory drawing which shows the measurement data of a trolley | bogie frame. 測定データとＣＡＤデータの重ね合わせを示す説明図。Explanatory drawing which shows the superimposition of measurement data and CAD data. 部品の測定データを示す説明図。Explanatory drawing which shows the measurement data of components. 部品の測定データとＣＡＤデータの重ね合わせを示す説明図。Explanatory drawing which shows the superimposition of the measurement data and CAD data of components. 部品の測定データとＣＡＤデータの重ね合わせを示す拡大説明図。Explanatory explanatory drawing which shows the superimposition of the measurement data and CAD data of components. 本発明の寸法測定とケガキの処理を示すフロー図。The flowchart which shows the dimension measurement of this invention, and the process of marking.

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

１ 寸法測定装置
１０ マスト
２０ 測定ヘッド
２２ 三次元測定機
３０ ターンテーブル
１００ ワーク
Ｂ１、Ｂ２、Ｂ３・・・ ボール 1 dimension measuring unit 10 the mast 20 the measuring head 22 the coordinate measuring machine 30 turntable 100 work B 1, B 2, B 3 ··· Ball

Claims (1)

昇降装置に備えられた三次元測定装置を用いて、ターンテーブル上に設置された複数の基準点の位置を測定するとともに、前記基準点の測定された位置データに基づいて前記三次元測定装置の位置データを修正し、前記ターンテーブル上に取り付けられるワークの寸法測定方法であって、
前記三次元測定装置の位置データと前記ターンテーブルの旋回角度データとをパソコンに転送し、前記基準点の位置を測定した後、前記三次元測定装置の前記位置データを修正する工程と、
前記ワークの位置を測定すると共に前記ワークの取り付け位置を確認する工程と、
前記昇降装置と前記ターンテーブルを駆動した後、前記基準点の位置を測定すると共に前記三次元測定装置の前記位置データを修正した後、前記ワークの寸法を測定する工程と、
前記ワークの寸法を測定したデータからノイズを除去した後、前記データと前記ワークのＣＡＤデータとの間で誤差が最小となるようにベストフィット処理する工程と、
前記昇降装置と前記ターンテーブルを駆動した後、前記基準点の位置を測定し、前記三次元測定装置の前記位置データを修正した後、前記ワークの各部品の寸法を測定する工程と、
前記ワークの前記各部品の寸法を測定したデータからノイズを除去した後、前記データと前記各部品のＣＡＤデータとを比較して、前記各部品の取り付け位置誤差を算出すると共に前記取り付け位置誤差を前記パソコンに出力する工程と、
前記昇降装置と前記ターンテーブルを駆動した後、前記基準点の位置を測定して、前記三次元測定装置の前記位置データを修正した後、前記ワークの基準断面を指示すると共に前記基準断面にケガキを施す工程と、
からなることを特徴とするワークの寸法測定方法。 Using the three-dimensional measuring device provided in the lifting device, measures the position of a plurality of reference points installed on the turntable, and based on the measured position data of the reference point of the three-dimensional measuring device A method for measuring a dimension of a work to be corrected on position data and mounted on the turntable,
Transferring the position data of the three-dimensional measuring device and the turning angle data of the turntable to a personal computer, measuring the position of the reference point, and then correcting the position data of the three-dimensional measuring device;
Measuring the position of the workpiece and confirming the mounting position of the workpiece;
After driving the lifting device and the turntable, measuring the position of the reference point and correcting the position data of the three-dimensional measuring device, and then measuring the dimensions of the workpiece;
After removing noise from data obtained by measuring the dimensions of the workpiece, performing a best fit process so that an error is minimized between the data and the CAD data of the workpiece;
After driving the lifting device and the turntable, measuring the position of the reference point, correcting the position data of the three-dimensional measuring device, measuring the dimensions of each part of the workpiece,
After removing noise from the data obtained by measuring the dimensions of the parts of the workpiece, the data is compared with the CAD data of the parts to calculate the attachment position errors of the parts and to calculate the attachment position errors. Outputting to the personal computer;
After driving the elevating device and the turntable, measuring the position of the reference point, correcting the position data of the three-dimensional measuring device, indicating the reference cross section of the workpiece and marking the reference cross section A process of applying
A method for measuring a dimension of a workpiece, comprising:
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