JP2006329745A - Size measurement method and device - Google Patents

Size measurement method and device Download PDF

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JP2006329745A
JP2006329745A JP2005151974A JP2005151974A JP2006329745A JP 2006329745 A JP2006329745 A JP 2006329745A JP 2005151974 A JP2005151974 A JP 2005151974A JP 2005151974 A JP2005151974 A JP 2005151974A JP 2006329745 A JP2006329745 A JP 2006329745A
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workpiece
turntable
data
measuring
dimension
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JP4444881B2 (en
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Tomonori Okada
智仙 岡田
Nobuyuki Otani
展之 大谷
Mitsuo Nakamichi
光雄 中道
Masashi Sato
正志 佐藤
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Hitachi Engineering and Services Co Ltd
Hitachi Ltd
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Hitachi Ltd
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T30/00Transportation of goods or passengers via railways, e.g. energy recovery or reducing air resistance

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method and instrument for performing size measurement on a plate work structure, using a non-contact three-dimensional measurement device. <P>SOLUTION: This size measurement device 1 is equipped with a mast 10 and a turntable 30. A three-dimensional measuring instrument 22 using a laser beam is mounted on the mast 10 in an ascendable/descendable manner. A workpiece 100 is mounted on the turntable 30, where a plurality of steel balls B<SB>1</SB>, B<SB>2</SB>, ... are placed at reference point positions. The measuring instrument 22 measures the positions of the plurality of steel balls, while obtaining measurement data on the coordinate positions of respective parts of the workpiece. A workpiece shape, made up from the measurement data, is superposed on CAD data to obtain the best fit. The sizes of respective components of the workpiece are measured based on the best fit. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2007,JPO&INPIT

Description

本発明は、大型の構造物の寸法測定に適した寸法測定方法及び装置に関する。   The present invention relates to a dimension measuring method and apparatus suitable for measuring a dimension of a large structure.

例えば、鉄道車両の台車枠等の構造物は、鋼材をプレス加工や鋳造加工した部品を溶接加工等により製缶し、製造される。
台車枠は、他の部品の取付けのために、機械加工が施されるので、台車枠素材の各部の寸法、形状を正確に測定する必要がある。
大型の構造物を非接触で測定する手段として、レーザ光を利用した測定方法が本出願人により提案されており、下記の特許文献1に開示されている。
特開2004−130874号公報
For example, a structure such as a bogie frame of a railway vehicle is manufactured by making a can made by stamping or casting a steel material by welding or the like.
Since the bogie frame is machined for mounting other parts, it is necessary to accurately measure the dimensions and shape of each part of the bogie frame material.
As a means for measuring a large structure in a non-contact manner, a measurement method using laser light has been proposed by the present applicant, and is disclosed in Patent Document 1 below.
JP 2004-130874 A

本発明の目的は、上述した技術を更に発展させたレーザ光を利用した三次元測定機と旋回テーブルを備えた測定方法と装置を提供するものである。   An object of the present invention is to provide a measuring method and apparatus provided with a three-dimensional measuring machine and a turning table using laser light, which is a further development of the above-described technology.

上記目的を達成するために、本発明の寸法測定方法は、非接触三次元測定機と、寸法測定の対象ワークを載置するターンテーブルと、ターンテーブル上に設定される複数の基準点を備え、非接触三次元測定機は、ターンテーブル上の基準点を測定することにより、測定機の位置データを修正し、修正した位置データに基いてターンテーブル上のワークを測定するものである。
また、本発明の寸法測定装置は、レーザビームを用いた非接触三次元測定装置と、非接触三次元測定装置を昇降駆動する昇降装置と、ワークを載置するターンテーブルと、ターンテーブルと、ターンテーブル上に設定される複数の基準点にとりつけられるボールと、を備え、非接触三次元測定機は、ターンテーブル上のボールの位置をレーザビームにより測定して、測定機の位置データを修正する機能と、修正された位置データに基いてワークの各部にレーザビームを照射してワークの寸法を測定する機能を備えるものである。
In order to achieve the above object, a dimension measuring method of the present invention includes a non-contact three-dimensional measuring machine, a turntable on which a workpiece to be dimensioned is placed, and a plurality of reference points set on the turntable. The non-contact three-dimensional measuring machine corrects the position data of the measuring machine by measuring a reference point on the turntable, and measures the work on the turntable based on the corrected position data.
Further, the dimension measuring device of the present invention includes a non-contact three-dimensional measuring device using a laser beam, a lifting device that drives the non-contact three-dimensional measuring device up and down, a turntable on which a work is placed, a turntable, A non-contact coordinate measuring machine that measures the position of the ball on the turntable with a laser beam and corrects the position data of the measuring machine. And a function of measuring the dimensions of the workpiece by irradiating each part of the workpiece with a laser beam based on the corrected position data.

図1は、本発明の寸法測定装置の外観図である。
全体を符号1で示す寸法測定装置は、ベース5で連結されるマスト10とターンテーブル30を備える。マスト10は、ガイドレール12を有し、測定ヘッド20をZ軸方向に案内する。なお、マストとターンテーブルは互に独立した構造とすることもできる。
FIG. 1 is an external view of a dimension measuring apparatus according to the present invention.
The dimension measuring apparatus denoted as a whole by reference numeral 1 includes a mast 10 and a turntable 30 connected by a base 5. The mast 10 has a guide rail 12 and guides the measuring head 20 in the Z-axis direction. Note that the mast and the turntable may be independent of each other.

測定ヘッド20は、三次元測定機22を有し、三次元測定機22は、レーザビームLBをワーク100の各部位に照射し、三次元データを検知する。三次元データは、ラインLを介してパソコンPC1に送られ、データ処理される。
このデータは、ラインLを介して複合加工機MTの制御用パソコンPC2に送られ、取付位置等の加工用に利用される。
The measuring head 20 has a three-dimensional measuring machine 22, and the three-dimensional measuring machine 22 irradiates each part of the workpiece 100 with a laser beam LB and detects three-dimensional data. Three-dimensional data is sent to the personal computer PC1 via the line L 1, it is the data processing.
This data is sent to the control computer PC2 of the multifunction processing machine MT via the line L 2, it is utilized for processing such as the mounting position.

ターンテーブル30は、矢印R方向に360度旋回可能であり、この旋回角度位置情報はPC1に送られる。 The turntable 30 is pivotable 360 degrees in the arrow R 1 direction, the turning angle position information is sent to PC1.

ターンテーブル30上には、取付治具32を介してワーク100が取付けられる。ターンテーブル30上には、基準点位置に複数のスチールボールB、B、B、・・・が設置される。
三次元測定機22は、このターンテーブル30上のスチールボールの位置を測定し、ワークの各部の座標位置の測定データと関連づける。各方位からの測定データも、スチールボールの測定データによって関連づけられる。
A workpiece 100 is attached on the turntable 30 via an attachment jig 32. On the turntable 30, a plurality of steel balls B 1 , B 2 , B 3 ,.
The three-dimensional measuring machine 22 measures the position of the steel ball on the turntable 30 and associates it with the measurement data of the coordinate position of each part of the workpiece. The measurement data from each direction is also related by the measurement data of the steel ball.

図2は、ワークである台車枠素材の外観を示す。
台車枠100は、レール方向に延びる2本の部材110と、部材110を連結する2本のパイプ部材120を備える。そして各部材には、モータやブレーキ装置を取付けるための座を有するフランジ部材等の部品が溶接等により固着される。
FIG. 2 shows the appearance of the bogie frame material that is a workpiece.
The carriage frame 100 includes two members 110 extending in the rail direction and two pipe members 120 that connect the members 110. Parts such as a flange member having a seat for mounting a motor and a brake device are fixed to each member by welding or the like.

図3は、図2に示した台車枠100を三次元測定機により測定した全体のデータDを示す。
パソコンPC1は、ワーク100のCADデータCを記載している。図4は、このワーク100のCADデータCに図3で示した測定データDを重ね合わせたものを示す。
Figure 3 shows the data D 1 of the entire of the measurement of the bogie frame 100 shown in FIG. 2 by the coordinate measuring machine.
The personal computer PC1, describes a CAD data C 1 of the workpiece 100. Figure 4 shows the superposition of the measurement data D 1 shown in CAD data C 1 of the workpiece 100 in FIG.

図5は、測定データのうちから、部品測定データPDのみをとり出したものを示す。 FIG. 5 shows a part obtained by extracting only the part measurement data PD 1 from the measurement data.

図6は、部品測定データPDをワーク100のCADデータCに重ね合わせた状態を示し、図7は、図6の要部の拡大図である。 FIG. 6 shows a state in which the part measurement data PD 1 is superimposed on the CAD data C 1 of the workpiece 100, and FIG. 7 is an enlarged view of the main part of FIG.

図7は、ワーク100の部材の取付座152の拡大図であって、取付座152のCADデータCに部品測定データPDを重ね合わせた状態を示す。
ワーク100のCADデータCに対して、実際のワークを測定した部品データPDの差を評価して、例えば後工程の機械加工での削り代等を算出する。各部品の削り代等が最適(ベストフィット)すなわち、CADデータと測定データの誤差が最小となるように、測定データを移動させて、CADデータとの重ね合わせ操作を繰り返す。
ベストフィットが見出せれば、このときのワークの基準面をワーク表面に対してケガキを施し、後工程の機械加工の基準面として利用する。ケガキは、あらかじめワークに塗布しておいた塗料(例えば、有機ホウ素系塗料)にレーザを照射し、この塗料を変色させる。
FIG. 7 is an enlarged view of the mounting seat 152 of the member of the workpiece 100 and shows a state in which the part measurement data PD 1 is superimposed on the CAD data C 1 of the mounting seat 152.
Against CAD data C 1 of the workpiece 100, and evaluates the actual difference of the component data PD 1 to the workpiece was measured to calculate the machining allowance or the like in the machining in the subsequent step, for example. The measurement data is moved so that the machining allowance of each part is optimum (best fit), that is, the error between the CAD data and the measurement data is minimized, and the overlay operation with the CAD data is repeated.
If the best fit is found, the reference surface of the workpiece at this time is marked on the workpiece surface and used as a reference surface for machining in the subsequent process. The scribing irradiates a paint (for example, an organic boron-based paint) previously applied to the workpiece with a laser to change the color of the paint.

図8は、測定処理のフロー図である。
ステップS10でスタートした処理は、ステップS11で三次元測定機22のZ軸方向の現在の位置とターンテーブル30の現在の旋回角度データをパソコンPC1に転送する。
ステップS12で三次元測定機の昇降装置とターンテーブルを駆動し、ステップS13でターンテーブル上の基準点に配置した各ボールB、B、・・・を測定し、ステップS14で三次元測定機の位置データを修正する。
FIG. 8 is a flowchart of the measurement process.
The process started in step S10 transfers the current position of the coordinate measuring machine 22 in the Z-axis direction and the current turning angle data of the turntable 30 to the personal computer PC1 in step S11.
In step S12, the lifting device and the turntable of the coordinate measuring machine are driven, and in step S13, the balls B 1 , B 2 ,... Arranged at the reference points on the turntable are measured, and in step S14, the three-dimensional measurement is performed. Correct the position data of the machine.

ステップS15では、ターンテーブル上に取り付けたワークの位置確認のための測定を行い、ステップS16でワークの取り付け位置の確認を行う。
ワークの取り付け位置が不良であれば、ステップS17でワークの取り付け位置の再確認が必要な旨のアラームを出し、ステップS15へ戻る。
ワークの位置がおおむね適正であれば、ステップS18へ移行し、三次元測定機の昇降位置とターンテーブルを駆動し、ステップS19でターンテーブル上の基準点のボールを測定する。ステップS20で三次元測定機の位置データを修正し、ステップS21でワーク外形の測定を実行する。必要に応じてステップS18以下の工程を繰返す。
In step S15, measurement for confirming the position of the workpiece attached on the turntable is performed, and in step S16, the attachment position of the workpiece is confirmed.
If the work attachment position is defective, an alarm is issued in step S17 that the work attachment position needs to be reconfirmed, and the process returns to step S15.
If the position of the workpiece is generally appropriate, the process proceeds to step S18, the elevation position of the coordinate measuring machine and the turntable are driven, and the ball at the reference point on the turntable is measured in step S19. In step S20, the position data of the coordinate measuring machine is corrected, and in step S21, the workpiece outer shape is measured. Steps S18 and subsequent steps are repeated as necessary.

ステップS22でワーク外形の測定データのノイズを除去し、ステップS23でワーク外形のCADデータとの間でベストフィット処理を行う。
ベストフィット処理が完了したら、ステップS24で三次元測定機の昇降装置とターンテーブルを駆動して位置を設定し、ステップS25でターンテーブル上の基準点の測定を行い、ステップS26で三次元測定機の位置データを修正し、ステップS27でワークの各部品の詳細を測定する。ステップS24以下の工程を必要回数繰返す。
In step S22, noise in the workpiece outline measurement data is removed, and in step S23, best fit processing is performed on the workpiece outline CAD data.
When the best-fit process is completed, in step S24, the lifting device and the turntable of the coordinate measuring machine are driven to set the position. In step S25, the reference point on the turntable is measured, and in step S26, the coordinate measuring machine is measured. In step S27, the details of each part of the workpiece are measured. Steps S24 and subsequent steps are repeated as many times as necessary.

ステップS28で部品詳細測定データのノイズを除去し、ステップS29でCADデータと比較して部品取付位置誤差を算出する。ステップS30で誤差、加工補正データを複合加工機側のパソコンへ出力する。
ステップS31で再度三次元測定機の昇降装置とテーブルを駆動し、ステップS32で基準点の測定を行う。ステップS33で三次元測定機の位置データを修正し、ステップS34でワークの基準断面の計測を行う。ワークの基準断面は図2の面S、S、S、Sで示される。
In step S28, noise in the component detailed measurement data is removed, and in step S29, the component attachment position error is calculated by comparison with the CAD data. In step S30, the error and machining correction data are output to the personal computer on the multi-task machine.
In step S31, the lifting device and table of the coordinate measuring machine are driven again, and in step S32, the reference point is measured. In step S33, the position data of the coordinate measuring machine is corrected, and in step S34, the reference cross section of the workpiece is measured. The reference cross section of the workpiece is indicated by planes S 1 , S 2 , S 3 and S 4 in FIG.

ステップS35で三次元測定機の昇降装置とターンテーブルを駆動し、ステップS36でワーク上の基準面断面線を指示し、ケガキを施す。このケガキは、例えばワーク表面に薬剤を塗布し、レーザビームを照射することにより、薬剤がその部分だけ着色されるような手段を用いる。
これにより、非接触で行うことができる。
このケガキ工程は必要回数繰返して行う。ケガキ処理が完了したなら、S37で三次元測定機の昇降装置とターンテーブルを原点位置に復帰させ、ステップS38で処理を終了する。
In step S35, the elevating device and the turntable of the coordinate measuring machine are driven, and in step S36, the reference plane cross-sectional line on the workpiece is designated and inscribed. For this marking, for example, a drug is applied to the surface of a workpiece and irradiated with a laser beam so that the drug is colored only at that portion.
Thereby, it can carry out by non-contact.
This marking process is repeated as many times as necessary. If the marking process is completed, the elevating device and the turntable of the coordinate measuring machine are returned to the origin position in S37, and the process is terminated in step S38.

本発明の寸法測定装置の外観図。The external view of the dimension measuring apparatus of this invention. 台車枠の斜視図。The perspective view of a bogie frame. 台車枠の測定データを示す説明図。Explanatory drawing which shows the measurement data of a trolley | bogie frame. 測定データとCADデータの重ね合わせを示す説明図。Explanatory drawing which shows the superimposition of measurement data and CAD data. 部品の測定データを示す説明図。Explanatory drawing which shows the measurement data of components. 部品の測定データとCADデータの重ね合わせを示す説明図。Explanatory drawing which shows the superimposition of the measurement data and CAD data of components. 部品の測定データとCADデータの重ね合わせを示す拡大説明図。Explanatory explanatory drawing which shows the superimposition of the measurement data and CAD data of components. 本発明の寸法測定とケガキの処理を示すフロー図。The flowchart which shows the dimension measurement of this invention, and the process of marking.

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

1 寸法測定装置
10 マスト
20 測定ヘッド
22 三次元測定機
30 ターンテーブル
100 ワーク
、B、B・・・ ボール
1 dimension measuring unit 10 the mast 20 the measuring head 22 the coordinate measuring machine 30 turntable 100 work B 1, B 2, B 3 ··· Ball

Claims (6)

非接触三次元測定機と、寸法測定の対象ワークを載置するターンテーブルと、ターンテーブル上に設定される複数の基準点を備え、非接触三次元測定機は、ターンテーブル上の基準点を測定することにより、測定機の位置データを修正し、修正した位置データに基いてターンテーブル上のワークを測定する寸法測定方法。   It has a non-contact CMM, a turntable for placing the workpiece to be dimensioned, and a plurality of reference points set on the turntable. A dimension measurement method in which the position data of the measuring machine is corrected by measuring, and the workpiece on the turntable is measured based on the corrected position data. ワークの測定データと、ワークのCADデータとを重ね合わせることによりワークの寸法を測定する請求項1記載の寸法測定方法。   The dimension measuring method according to claim 1, wherein the dimension of the workpiece is measured by superimposing the workpiece measurement data and the workpiece CAD data. ワーク全体の測定データとワークのCADデータを重ね合わせてベストフィット処理を行い、ワークに設けられる部品の測定データとCADデータを重ね合わせることでワークの部品の寸法を測定する寸法測定方法。   A dimension measuring method in which the measurement data of the entire workpiece and the CAD data of the workpiece are superposed to perform a best fit process, and the dimensions of the workpiece are measured by superimposing the measurement data of the component provided on the workpiece and the CAD data. ワークの基準断面を計測する工程と、ケガキ用の塗料を塗布する工程と、ワークの表面に基準断面線をケガキする工程を備える請求項1記載の寸法測定方法。   The dimension measuring method according to claim 1, comprising a step of measuring a reference cross section of the workpiece, a step of applying a paint for marking, and a step of marking the reference sectional line on the surface of the workpiece. レーザビームを用いた非接触三次元測定装置と、非接触三次元測定装置を昇降駆動する昇降装置と、ワークを載置するターンテーブルと、ターンテーブルと、ターンテーブル上に設定される複数の基準点にとりつけられるボールと、を備え、
非接触三次元測定機は、ターンテーブル上のボールの位置をレーザビームにより測定して、測定機の位置データを修正する機能と、修正された位置データに基いてワークの各部にレーザビームを照射してワークの寸法を測定する機能を備える寸法測定装置。
Non-contact three-dimensional measuring device using laser beam, lifting device for raising and lowering non-contact three-dimensional measuring device, turntable for placing workpiece, turntable, and a plurality of standards set on the turntable A ball attached to a point,
The non-contact coordinate measuring machine measures the position of the ball on the turntable with a laser beam, corrects the position data of the measuring machine, and irradiates each part of the workpiece with the laser beam based on the corrected position data. Dimension measuring device with a function to measure the dimensions of the workpiece.
レーザビームを用いた非接触三次元測定機は、ワーク表面にケガキ線を描く機能を備える請求項5記載の寸法測定装置。   6. The dimension measuring apparatus according to claim 5, wherein the non-contact three-dimensional measuring machine using a laser beam has a function of drawing a marking line on the work surface.
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JP2012041620A (en) * 2010-08-23 2012-03-01 Jfe Steel Corp Method of working matching surface of steel structure
JP2012086832A (en) * 2010-09-23 2012-05-10 Nippon Sharyo Seizo Kaisha Ltd Assembly method of bogie for railroad vehicle
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CN107499328A (en) * 2016-06-14 2017-12-22 中车长春轨道客车股份有限公司 A kind of single rail bogie and the rail vehicle with the single rail bogie
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