JP4431204B2

JP4431204B2 - Material input method to mixer

Info

Publication number: JP4431204B2
Application number: JP24746698A
Authority: JP
Inventors: 敏明谷川; 武志盛重
Original assignee: 日工株式会社
Priority date: 1998-09-01
Filing date: 1998-09-01
Publication date: 2010-03-10
Anticipated expiration: 2018-09-01
Also published as: JP2000070696A

Description

【０００１】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、各種材料をプレミックスシュート内で予備混合しながら下位のミキサに投入する方法に関し、特に、各計量槽の材料放出ゲートの開度を調整して各材料の放出完了を略一致させるようにしたミキサへの投入方法に関する。
【０００２】
【従来の技術】
例えば、生コンクリート製造プラントでは、コンクリート材料である砂利、砂、セメント、水、混和剤をプラント上部に配設した材料貯蔵槽に一時貯蔵し、出荷要請に基づいてその下位に配設した各計量槽にて各種材料を所定量計量し、計量後、各計量槽下部の材料放出ゲートを順次開放して各種材料を下位のミキサに投入し、所定時間混練して生コンクリートを製造している。このとき、ミキサへの材料の投入にあたって、予め各材料の予備混合を行わせるプレミックスシュートを採用し、材料の放出を同時期に行って材料の投入時間を短縮し、かつプレミックスシュート内での予備混合（一次混合）によってミキサ内での混練時間を長引かせることなく、材料投入と混練時間のトータル時間を短縮して製造能力を高めようとする生コンクリート製造プラントが提案されている。
【０００３】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
しかしながら、プレミックスシュートを採用して各種材料を同時期に放出させても、各材料の配合量がそれぞれ異なるために放出完了時期が一定にならない場合が多い。したがって、より均一な予備混合を行わせるためには、材料が同比率で放出されながら放出完了時期が略一致することが望まれる。
【０００４】
本発明は上記の点に鑑み、材料を計量槽からミキサへ放出するにあたり、各材料を同比率で放出させながら放出完了時期を略一致させるようにしたミキサへの材料投入方法を提供することを課題とする。
【０００５】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明は上記の課題を解決するために、請求項１記載のミキサへの材料投入方法にあっては、個別の計量槽により計量した各種材料をプレミックスシュートにおいて予備混合しながら下位のミキサに投入するときに、予め各計量槽について最大秤量時に材料放出ゲートを全開して材料を放出したときの材料の平均放出速度を測定しておき、各材料の設定計量値が設定されると、前記平均放出速度から各計量槽における各材料の設定計量値に対応した放出完了時間を演算し、その内で最大の放出完了時間となる計量槽を特定して特定計量槽とし、材料の放出開始時に特定計量槽では材料放出ゲートを全開に、特定計量槽以外の計量槽ではそれぞれ材料の放出完了時期が特定計量槽における材料の放出完了時期に略一致するように材料放出ゲートの開度を調整して材料を放出させるようにしたことを特徴としている。
【０００６】
また、請求項２記載のミキサへの材料投入方法にあっては、前記材料放出時に、特定計量槽での材料の減量値を所定時間毎に検出し、その検出値から材料放出速度を演算し、特定計量槽における放出速度が変化するとその変化度合いに応じて特定計量槽以外の計量槽の材料放出ゲートの開度を変化させて材料放出速度を変化させるようにしたことを特徴としている。
【０００７】
また、請求項３記載のミキサへの材料投入方法にあっては、前記材料放出ゲートの開度の調整は、各計量槽における最大秤量値に対する設定計量値の割合と、特定計量槽の放出完了時間と各計量槽の設定計量値に対する材料放出ゲート全開時の放出完了時間との割合とをファジイ推論規則の前件部とし、特定計量槽の放出完了時間に対する各計量槽の材料放出ゲートの開度を後件部とし、各材料放出時の設定計量値と特定計量槽の放出完了時間とよりファジイ推論によって各計量槽の材料放出ゲートの開度を決定するようにしたことを特徴としている。
【０００８】
また、請求項４記載のミキサへの材料投入方法にあっては、前記材料放出速度の調整は、特定計量槽における材料放出ゲート全開時の放出平均速度に対する放出速度の差値量をファジイ推論規則の前件部とすると共に、特定計量槽以外の計量槽の適正放出速度を得る材料放出ゲートの開度補正量を後件部とし、各材料の放出と同時に各計量槽での放出速度を所定時間毎に演算し、その度に特定計量槽における放出速度の変化度合いに基づいてファジイ推論を行い、特定計量槽以外の計量槽における適正な材料放出ゲートの開度補正量を決定して各計量槽の材料放出速度を調整するようにしたことを特徴としている。
【０００９】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明に係る請求項１記載のミキサへの材料投入方法にあっては、生コンクリート製造プラントを例にとってみると、砂利、砂、セメント、水及び混和剤を計量してミキサに投入する場合、水及び混和剤は直接ミキサに投入し、砂利、砂、セメントはミキサに投入する前に予備混合をさせるために先ずプレミックスシュートに放出する。このとき、各材料はほぼ同時期に放出を開始すると共に、ほぼ同時期に放出を完了させるように放出速度を調整する。
【００１０】
その方法は、先ず、砂利、砂、セメントの設定計量値に対して各材料放出ゲートを全開させたときの放出完了時間を演算する。そしてこれらの各材料の計量槽の内、放出時間が最大となる計量槽を特定してそれを特定計量槽とする。例えば、砂利の計量槽が放出に７秒かかり一番時間がかかるとすると砂利の計量槽を特定計量槽とする。そして特定計量槽では材料放出ゲートの開度を全開に設定すると同時に、他の計量槽については特定計量槽が材料放出ゲートを全開にして放出した場合の放出完了時期に略一致するように材料放出ゲート開度を設定する。各計量槽の材料放出ゲートの開度が設定されると各計量槽の材料放出ゲートをほぼ同時期に開放して材料の放出を開始する。そして各材料はほぼ同時期に放出完了させることができ、かつ各材料はほぼ同比率で放出されるので、各材料の均一な予備混合を行える。
【００１１】
また、請求項２記載のミキサへの材料投入方法にあっては、各材料の放出と同時に所定の時間間隔で材料放出速度を演算し、特定計量槽の材料放出速度に変化を生じるとその変化の度合いに応じて特定計量槽以外の各計量槽についても材料の放出速度を変化させて放出完了がいずれも同時期に完了するようにし、各材料の均一な予備混合を行う。
【００１２】
また、請求項３記載のミキサへの材料投入方法にあっては、各計量槽における設定計量値と材料放出ゲート全開時の計量速度とより最大の放出時間及び特定計量槽を特定すると共に、特定計量槽以外の計量槽では設定計量値の最大秤量との割合と、特定計量槽の放出完了時間と設定計量値に対する材料放出ゲート全開時での放出完了時間との割合からファジイ推論規則に従って各計量槽の材料放出ゲートの適正開度を決定し、この適正開度に材料放出ゲートを調整することで各計量槽の材料放出速度を調整する。これによって各材料をほぼ同比率で放出させ、かつ同時期に放出完了させることができて均一な予備混合を行える。
【００１３】
また、請求項４記載のミキサへの材料投入方法にあっては、材料の放出と同時に各計量槽より放出される各材料の放出速度を所定時間毎に演算し、更にその内の特定計量槽について材料放出ゲート全開時の材料放出速度に対する材料放出速度の変化の度合いを演算し、この材料放出速度の変化の度合いからファジイ推論規則にしたがって特定計量槽以外の計量槽についての適正な材料放出ゲートの開度を決定し、特定計量槽以外の材料放出ゲートの開度をこの適正開度に調整することで特定計量槽における材料放出速度の変化に対応させて特定計量槽以外の計量槽についても材料放出速度を変化させる。これによって、特定計量槽の材料放出速度の変化があっても各材料を同時期に放出完了させることができて均一な予備混合を行える。
【００１４】
【実施例】
以下、本発明の実施例を図面に基づいて説明する。
【００１５】
図１は生コンクリート製造プラントの構成の一部を示したものであって、図中の１は砂利を貯蔵する砂利貯蔵槽、２は砂を貯蔵する砂貯蔵槽、３はセメントを貯蔵するセメント貯蔵槽であり、その下部にはそれぞれ材料を払い出す材料払い出しゲート４、５、６を備えている。
【００１６】
これらの貯蔵槽の下位にはそれぞれ砂利を計量する砂利計量槽７、砂を計量する砂計量槽８、セメントを計量するセメント計量槽９を配設しており、これらの計量槽７、８、９の下部には材料を放出する材料放出ゲート１０、１１、１２を配設すると共に、各計量槽７、８、９には計量する材料の重量を検出する重量検出器１３をそれぞれ備えている。
【００１７】
これらの計量槽の下位には計量槽より放出する各材料を予め予備混合する略ロート状のプレミックスシュート１４を配設しており、その中央部にはセメントの放出を案内するセメント放出管１５を備えている。
【００１８】
プレミックスシュート１４の下位にはプレミックスシュート１４により予備混合した各材料を所定時間混練するミキサ１６を備えている。
【００１９】
１７は各計量槽からの材料の放出を制御する材料放出制御装置であって、後述するファジイ集合のメンバーシップ関数とファジイ推論規則によりファジイ推論を行うファジイ制御部１８を備えると共に、入力される重量信号や設定計量値から材料放出時間を演算する演算部１９、入力されたファジイ推論規則の前件部となる諸データや推論のためのデータを記憶する記憶部２０を備えている。また、前記データや所定の設定データを入力する設定入力部２１や計量槽の放出ゲートの開閉信号を出力したり重量信号を取り入れる入出力部２２を備えている。
【００２０】
そして、材料放出時、各計量槽における設定計量値に対する材料放出ゲート全開時での材料の放出完了時間を演算し、その内、最大の放出完了時間となる計量槽を特定計量槽とする。そして、特定計量槽では材料放出ゲートを全開させて放出する一方、特定計量槽以外の計量槽では、特定計量槽の放出完了時期に一致させるように各計量槽の材料放出ゲートの開度を設定して材料を放出させる。
【００２１】
また、材料放出中には各計量槽での材料放出速度を演算し、特に、特定計量槽における材料放出速度に変化があるとその変化の度合いに応じて他の計量槽の材料放出速度を変化させるために材料放出ゲートの開度を調整する。
【００２２】
次に、これらの一連の操作をファジイ推論規則によって制御する例をあげて説明する。
【００２３】
先ず、予め各計量槽について最大秤量時に材料放出ゲートを全開して材料を放出したときの材料の平均放出速度を測定して記憶させておく。次いで、製造しようとする生コンクリートの配合値が選択されて砂利、砂、セメント及び他の材料の設定計量値が設定されると、演算部１９によって予め記憶させている各計量槽での前記平均放出速度から各計量槽での材料の放出完了時間を演算する。
【００２４】
そして、この放出完了時間の一番長い計量槽を特定計量槽とする。例えば、砂利の放出が一番長くかかるとするとこの砂利計量槽を特定計量槽とする。
【００２５】
次に、特定計量槽以外の計量槽、即ち、砂計量槽及びセメント計量槽について最大秤量に対する設定計量値の割合と、特定計量槽での材料の放出完了時間に対する各計量槽の平均放出速度での放出完了時間の割合を演算する。そしてその結果をそれぞれファジイ制御部１８に入力する。
【００２６】
ファジイ制御部１８ではこれらのデータからファジイ集合のメンバーシップ関数とファジイ推論規則に基づいて各計量槽における材料放出ゲートの適正開度を推定する。各材料放出ゲートの適正開度が決定されると入出力部２２を経て各材料放出ゲートにその適正開度信号が送出されて各材料放出ゲートが開放される。
【００２７】
図２は、計量槽の最大秤量と設定計量値との割合Ｗの大きさを定性的に評価するためのメンバーシップ関数である。図中のＷ（ｉ）（ｉ＝０〜３）はメンバーシップ関数の形を規定する定数であって適宜決定する。ＺＲ、ＰＳ、ＰＭ、ＰＢは設定計量値の割合Ｗの大きさを定性的に評価するためにメンバーシップ関数に与えた名称であり、それぞれ下記の意味を持つ。
【００２８】
ＺＲ：Ｚｅｒｏ
ＰＳ：ＰｏｓｉｔｉｖｅＳｍａｌｌ
ＰＭ：ＰｏｓｉｔｉｖｅＭｅｄｉｕｍ
ＰＢ：ＰｏｓｉｔｉｖｅＢｉｇ
また、図の縦軸はメンバーシップ値である。このメンバーシップ関数を用いて今回設定した設定計量値の割合Ｗを定性的に評価する。
【００２９】
図３は、放出完了時間の割合Ｔの大きさを定性的に評価するためのメンバーシップ関数である。図中のＴ（ｉ）（ｉ＝０〜３）はメンバーシップ関数の形を規定する定数であって適宜決定する。ＺＲ、ＰＳ、ＰＭ、ＰＢは設定計量値の割合Ｗの大きさを定性的に評価するためにメンバーシップ関数に与えた名称であり、その意味は前記の通りである。
【００３０】
図４は、設定計量値の割合Ｗと放出完了時間の割合Ｔの定性的関数から各計量槽の材料放出ゲートの適正開度Ｓを定性的に決定するための推論規則である。例えば右下隅の推論規則は、
ＩＦ（ＷｉｓＰＢａｎｄＴｉｓＰＢ）ＴＨＥＮＳｉｓ
ＰＢ
という意味を表わす。これは「もし設定計量値の割合が計量槽の最大秤量に対して非常に大きく、かつ、計量槽の平均放出速度における放出完了時間が特定計量値の放出完了時間に対して非常に大きいならば」（前件部）、「計量槽の材料放出ゲートの開度を非常に大きくせよ」（後件部）というルールを示している。
【００３１】
図５は、定性的に決定された材料放出ゲートの開度を定量的な値に変換するためのメンバーシップ関数である。図中のＳ（ｉ）（ｉ＝０〜３）はメンバーシップ関数の形を規定する定数であって設定計量値及び放出完了時間に対する放出ゲートの開度であって適宜決定する。ＺＲ、ＰＳ、ＰＭ、ＰＢは設定計量値及び放出完了時間に対する材料放出ゲートの開度Ｓの大きさを定性的に評価するためにメンバーシップ関数に与えた名称であり、図４の中で使用している名称に対応している。また、図の縦軸はメンバーシップ値である。そして、適用された推論規則により設定計量値及び放出完了時間に対する材料放出ゲートの開度が定性的にどのメンバーシップ関数に属するかが決定される。
【００３２】
このようにして設定計量値及び放出完了時間に対する材料放出ゲートの開度が決定されて放出が開始されると、今度は、各計量槽での材料の減量値を所定時間毎、例えば１００ｍｓ程度のサンプリング周期で重量検出器１３により検出し、その値から材料の放出速度を演算部１９によって演算する。
【００３３】
特に、特定計量槽として特定された、例えば砂利計量槽７についての材料放出速度を逐次検出し、その材料放出速度と予め材料放出ゲートを全開して得られた平均放出速度との差値量△Ｖをファジイ制御部１８に入力する。ファジイ制御部１８では入力されたデータからファジイ集合のメンバーシップ関数と推論規則に基づいて特定計量槽での材料放出速度の変化に対する他の計量槽の材料放出ゲートの開度補正量△Ｓを推定する。そしてこの補正量に基づいて特定計量槽以外の材料放出ゲートの開度を修正して特定計量槽での材料の放出速度の変化に対応した放出速度を得るようにする。
【００３４】
図６は、特定計量槽での材料放出速度の差値量の大きさを定性的に評価するためのメンバーシップ関数である。図中の△Ｖ（ｉ）（ｉ＝１〜７）はメンバーシップ関数の形を規定する定数であって適宜決定する。ＮＢ、ＮＭ、ＮＳ、ＺＲ、ＰＳ、ＰＭ、ＰＢは材料放出速度の差値量の大きさを定性的に評価するためにメンバーシップ関数に与えた名称であり、
ＮＢ：ＮｅｇａｔｉｖｅＢｉｇ
ＮＭ：ＮｅｇａｔｉｖｅＭｅｄｉｕｍ
ＮＳ：ＮｅｇａｔｉｖｅＳｍａｌｌ
ＺＲ：Ｚｅｒｏ
ＰＳ：ＰｏｓｉｔｉｖｅＳｍａｌｌ
ＰＭ：ＰｏｓｉｔｉｖｅＭｅｄｉｕｍ
ＰＢ：ＰｏｓｉｔｉｖｅＢｉｇ
という意味を持つ。
【００３５】
また、図の縦軸はメンバーシップ値である。このメンバーシップ関数を用いて今回検出した材料放出速度の差値量△Ｖの大きさを定性的に評価する。
【００３６】
図７は、材料放出速度の差値量△Ｖの定性的関数から材料放出ゲートの開度補正量△Ｓを決定するための推論規則である。例えば、右下の推論規則は、
ＩＦ（△ＶｉｓＰＢ）ＴＨＥＮ △ＳｉｓＰＢ
という意味を表わす。これは「もし材料放出速度の差値量△Ｖが非常に大きいならば」（前件部）、「材料放出ゲートの開度補正量△Ｓを非常に大きくせよ」（後件部）というルールを示している。
【００３７】
図８は、定性的に決定された材料放出ゲートの開度補正量△Ｓを定量的な値に変換するためのメンバーシップ関数である。図中の△Ｓ（ｉ）（ｉ＝１〜７）はメンバーシップ関数の形を規定する定数であり、材料放出速度の差値量△Ｖに対する材料放出ゲートの開度補正量△Ｓであって適宜決定する。ＮＢ、ＮＭ、ＮＳ、ＺＲ、ＰＳ、ＰＭ、ＰＢは材料放出ゲートの開度補正量△Ｓの大きさを定性的に評価するためにメンバーシップ関数に与えた名称であり、図７の中で使用した名称に対応している。また、図中の縦軸はメンバーシップ値である。
【００３８】
そして、適用された推論規則により材料放出速度の差値量△Ｖに対する放出ゲートの開度補正量△Ｓが定性的にどのメンバーシップ関数に属するかが決定される。
【００３９】
このように、各計量槽における設定計量値及び特定計量槽の材料の放出完了時間に対応させて材料放出ゲートの開度を決定して材料の放出を開始することで、各計量槽より各材料が設定計量値に基づく同比率でプレミックスシュートに放出され、かつ放出完了もほぼ同時期に完了してプレミックスシュートでの予備混合を効果的に行うことができる。また、特定計量槽の材料放出速度の変化を検出して特定計量槽以外の計量槽での材料放出速度を適正に変化させることでより正確な予備混合を行うことができる。
【００４０】
【発明の効果】
以上のように本発明に係る請求項１記載のミキサへの材料投入方法によれば、個別の計量槽により計量した各種材料をプレミックスシュートにおいて予備混合しながら下位のミキサに投入するときに、予め各計量槽について最大秤量時に材料放出ゲートを全開して材料を放出したときの材料の平均放出速度を測定しておき、各材料の設定計量値が設定されると、前記平均放出速度から各計量槽における各材料の設定計量値に対応した放出完了時間を演算し、その内で最大の放出完了時間となる計量槽を特定して特定計量槽とし、材料の放出開始時に特定計量槽では材料放出ゲートを全開に、特定計量槽以外の計量槽ではそれぞれ材料の放出完了時期が特定計量槽における材料の放出完了時期に略一致するように材料放出ゲートの開度を調整して材料を放出させるようにしたので、ミキサに投入する手前のプレミックスシュートに各材料を同比率で放出し、かつほぼ同時期に放出完了させることができてミキサ投入前のプレミックスシュートでの予備混合を効果的に行える。
【００４１】
また、請求項２記載のミキサへの材料投入方法によれば、前記材料放出時に、特定計量槽での材料の減量値を所定時間毎に検出し、その検出値から材料放出速度を演算し、特定計量槽における放出速度が変化するとその変化度合いに応じて特定計量槽以外の計量槽の材料放出ゲートの開度を変化させて材料放出速度を変化させるようにしたので、特定計量槽における放出速度が変化しても各材料を同比率で放出し、かつほぼ同時期に放出完了させることができて予備混合を効果的に行える。
【００４２】
また、請求項３記載のミキサへの材料投入方法によれば、前記材料放出ゲートの開度の調整は、各計量槽における最大秤量値に対する設定計量値の割合と、特定計量槽の放出完了時間と各計量槽の設定計量値に対する材料放出ゲート全開時の放出完了時間との割合とをファジイ推論規則の前件部とし、特定計量槽の放出完了時間に対する各計量槽の材料放出ゲートの開度を後件部とし、各材料放出時の設定計量値と特定計量槽の放出完了時間とよりファジイ推論によって各計量槽の材料放出ゲートの開度を決定するようにしたので、各計量槽における材料放出ゲートの開度をファジイ推論で設定することができ、各材料を同比率で放出し、かつほぼ同時期に放出完了させることができて予備混合を効果的に行える。
【００４３】
また、請求項４記載のミキサへの材料投入方法によれば、前記材料放出速度の調整は、特定計量槽における材料放出ゲート全開時の放出平均速度に対する放出速度の差値量をファジイ推論規則の前件部とすると共に、特定計量槽以外の計量槽の適正放出速度を得る材料放出ゲートの開度補正量を後件部とし、各材料の放出と同時に各計量槽での放出速度を所定時間毎に演算し、その度に特定計量槽における放出速度の変化度合いに基づいてファジイ推論を行い、特定計量槽以外の計量槽における適正な材料放出ゲートの開度補正量を決定して各計量槽の材料放出速度を調整するようにしたので、特定計量槽の材料放出速度の変化に応じて他の計量槽の材料放出ゲートの開度をファジイ推論で設定することができ、各材料を同比率で放出し、かつほぼ同時期に放出完了させることができて予備混合を効果的に行える。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図１】本発明に係る材料放出方法を採用した生コンクリート製造プラントの一実施例の構成を示す説明図である。
【図２】計量槽の最大秤量と設定計量値との割合評価用のメンバーシップ関数を示す図である
【図３】放出完了時間の割合評価用のメンバーシップ関数を示す図である。
【図４】材料放出ゲートの適正開度を推定するルールの一例を示す図である。
【図５】材料放出ゲートの開度評価用のメンバーシップ関数を示す図である。
【図６】材料放出速度の差値量の大きさ評価用のメンバーシップ関数を示す図である。
【図７】材料放出ゲートの開度補正量を推定するルールの一例を示す図である。
【図８】材料放出ゲートの開度補正量の大きさ評価用のメンバーシップ関数を示す図である。
【符号の説明】
１…砂利貯蔵槽２…砂貯蔵槽
３…セメント貯蔵槽７…砂利計量槽
８…砂計量槽９…セメント計量槽
１０…材料放出ゲート１１…材料放出ゲート
１２…材料放出ゲート１３…重量検出器
１４…プレミックスシュート１６…ミキサ
１７…材料放出制御装置１８…ファジイ制御部[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a method of charging various materials into a lower-order mixer while premixing them in a premix chute, and in particular, adjusting the opening of a material discharge gate of each measuring tank to substantially match the discharge completion of each material. It relates to the charging method to the mixer.
[0002]
[Prior art]
For example, in a ready-mixed concrete manufacturing plant, gravel, sand , cement, water, and admixtures that are concrete materials are temporarily stored in a material storage tank arranged at the top of the plant, and each metering arranged below that is based on a shipping request. the various materials and a predetermined amount weighed in the vessel, after weighing, put the various materials to the lower mixer are sequentially opened material release gates of the measuring tank bottom, it manufactures a predetermined time kneaded into raw concrete. At this time, a premix chute that preliminarily mixes each material is adopted in advance when charging the material into the mixer, the material is discharged at the same time to shorten the material charging time, and within the premix chute There has been proposed a ready-mixed concrete production plant that attempts to increase the production capacity by shortening the total time of material charging and kneading time without prolonging the kneading time in the mixer by premixing ( primary mixing).
[0003]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, even when various materials are released at the same time by using a premix chute, the release completion time is often not constant because the blending amount of each material is different. Therefore, in order to perform more uniform premixing, it is desirable that the release completion timings are substantially coincident while the materials are released at the same ratio.
[0004]
In view of the above points, the present invention provides a material charging method for a mixer in which the discharge completion timing is substantially matched while discharging each material at the same ratio when discharging the material from the measuring tank to the mixer. Let it be an issue.
[0005]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the present invention provides a material charging method to a mixer according to claim 1, wherein various materials measured by individual weighing tanks are premixed in a premix chute while being mixed with a subordinate mixer. When charging , the material discharge gate is fully opened at the time of maximum weighing for each weighing tank in advance to measure the average release rate of the material when the material is released, and when the set measurement value of each material is set, Calculate the discharge completion time corresponding to the set measurement value of each material in each weighing tank from the average release speed, and identify the weighing tank that has the maximum discharge completion time as a specific weighing tank. The material discharge gate is fully opened in the specific weighing tank, and the material discharge gate is set so that the material discharge completion time substantially coincides with the material discharge completion time in the specific measurement tank in the measurement tanks other than the specific measurement tank. It is characterized in that so as to release the adjustment to the material the opening.
[0006]
According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for introducing a material into the mixer, wherein at the time of discharging the material, a weight loss value of the material in the specific weighing tank is detected every predetermined time, and a material discharge speed is calculated from the detected value. When the release rate in the specific measuring tank changes, the material release rate is changed by changing the opening of the material release gate of the measuring tank other than the specific measuring tank according to the degree of change.
[0007]
Further, in the method of charging material into the mixer according to claim 3, the adjustment of the opening of the material discharge gate is performed by adjusting the ratio of the set weighing value to the maximum weighing value in each weighing tank and the completion of discharge of the specific weighing tank. The ratio of the time and the release completion time when the material release gate is fully opened to the set measurement value of each measurement tank is the antecedent part of the fuzzy inference rule, and the material release gate of each measurement tank is opened for the release completion time of the specific measurement tank. The degree is set as a consequent part, and the opening degree of the material discharge gate of each measuring tank is determined by fuzzy inference from the set measurement value at the time of discharging each material and the discharge completion time of the specific measuring tank.
[0008]
Further, in the material charging method to the mixer according to claim 4, the adjustment of the material discharge rate is performed by using a fuzzy inference rule to determine a difference value of the discharge rate with respect to the average discharge rate when the material discharge gate is fully opened in the specific measurement tank. given together with the antecedent, the opening correction amount of the material discharge gate to obtain a proper release rate of the measuring tank other than the specified measuring tank and consequent release rates at each measuring tank simultaneously released for each material Calculates every time, performs fuzzy inference based on the change rate of the discharge rate in the specific measurement tank each time, and determines the appropriate material correction gate opening correction amount in the measurement tanks other than the specific measurement tank. It is characterized by adjusting the material release rate of the tank.
[0009]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
In the material charging method according to claim 1 of the present invention, when taking a ready-mixed concrete production plant as an example, gravel, sand, cement, water and an admixture are weighed and charged into the mixer. Water and admixture are charged directly into the mixer, and gravel, sand and cement are first discharged into the premix chute for premixing prior to charging into the mixer. At this time, each material starts to be released at approximately the same time, and the release speed is adjusted so that the release is completed at approximately the same time.
[0010]
In the method, first, the discharge completion time when each material discharge gate is fully opened is calculated with respect to the set measurement values of gravel, sand, and cement. And among the measuring tank of each of these materials, the release time is a specific measuring tank it identifies the measuring tank with the maximum. For example, if a gravel measuring tank takes 7 seconds to release and takes the most time, the gravel measuring tank is set as a specific measuring tank. And in the specific weighing tank, the opening of the material discharge gate is set to fully open, and at the same time, in the other weighing tanks, the material discharge is made so as to substantially coincide with the discharge completion timing when the specific weighing tank is discharged with the material discharge gate fully opened. Set the gate opening. When the opening degree of the material discharge gate of each weighing tank is set, the material discharge gate of each weighing tank is opened almost at the same time, and the material discharge is started. Each material can be released almost at the same time, and each material is released at substantially the same rate, so that uniform premixing of each material can be performed.
[0011]
Further, in the material charging method to the mixer according to claim 2, the material discharge rate is calculated at a predetermined time interval simultaneously with the discharge of each material, and the change occurs when the material discharge rate of the specific measuring tank is changed. Depending on the degree, the discharge rate of the material is also changed for each of the measurement tanks other than the specific measurement tank so that the completion of the release is completed at the same time, and the respective materials are uniformly premixed.
[0012]
In addition, in the material charging method to the mixer according to claim 3, the set measurement value in each measurement tank, the measurement speed when the material discharge gate is fully opened, the maximum discharge time and the specific measurement tank are specified and specified. For each of the measurement tanks other than the measurement tank, each measurement is performed according to the fuzzy inference rule from the ratio of the set weighing value to the maximum weighing value, the discharge completion time of the specific weighing tank, and the discharge completion time when the material release gate is fully open to the set measurement value. The appropriate opening degree of the material release gate of the tank is determined, and the material release speed of each measuring tank is adjusted by adjusting the material release gate to the appropriate opening degree. As a result, the materials can be released at substantially the same ratio, and the release can be completed at the same time, so that uniform premixing can be performed.
[0013]
Further, in the material charging method to the mixer according to claim 4, the discharge rate of each material discharged from each weighing tank at the same time as the discharge of the material is calculated every predetermined time, and further the specific measuring tank in the material is discharged. Calculate the degree of change in the material release rate relative to the material release rate when the material release gate is fully open, and use the degree of change in the material release rate according to the fuzzy inference rules to determine the appropriate material release gate for the other measuring tanks. For the measuring tanks other than the specific measuring tank, the opening of the material discharging gate other than the specific measuring tank is adjusted to the appropriate opening so that it corresponds to the change in the material release speed in the specific measuring tank. Vary material release rate. Thereby, even if there is a change in the material discharge speed of the specific measuring tank, each material can be discharged at the same time, and uniform premixing can be performed.
[0014]
【Example】
Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.
[0015]
FIG. 1 shows a part of the configuration of a ready-mixed concrete production plant, in which 1 is a gravel storage tank for storing gravel, 2 is a sand storage tank for storing sand, and 3 is a cement for storing cement. The storage tank is provided with material discharge gates 4, 5, and 6 for discharging materials at the lower part thereof.
[0016]
Below these storage tanks are arranged a gravel measuring tank 7 for measuring gravel, a sand measuring tank 8 for measuring sand, and a cement measuring tank 9 for measuring cement, and these measuring tanks 7, 8, The material discharge gates 10, 11, and 12 for discharging the material are disposed at the lower part of 9, and the weight detectors 13 that detect the weight of the material to be weighed are provided in the respective measuring tanks 7, 8, and 9. .
[0017]
Below these measuring tanks, a substantially funnel-shaped premix chute 14 for pre-mixing each material discharged from the measuring tank is disposed, and a cement discharge pipe 15 for guiding the discharge of cement is provided at the center. It has.
[0018]
Below the premix chute 14 is provided a mixer 16 for kneading each material premixed by the premix chute 14 for a predetermined time.
[0019]
Reference numeral 17 denotes a material release control device that controls the release of material from each weighing tank, and includes a fuzzy control unit 18 that performs fuzzy inference using a fuzzy set membership function and a fuzzy inference rule, which will be described later, and an input weight. A calculation unit 19 that calculates a material release time from a signal and a set measurement value, and a storage unit 20 that stores various data as an antecedent part of an input fuzzy inference rule and data for inference are provided. Further, a setting input unit 21 for inputting the data and predetermined setting data, and an input / output unit 22 for outputting an opening / closing signal of the discharge gate of the measuring tank and taking in a weight signal are provided.
[0020]
Then, when the material is released, the material discharge completion time when the material discharge gate is fully opened with respect to the set measurement value in each measurement tank is calculated, and the measurement tank having the maximum discharge completion time is set as the specific measurement tank. And in specific weighing tanks, the material release gate is fully opened and released, while in other measuring tanks, the opening of the material discharge gate of each weighing tank is set to coincide with the discharge completion timing of the specific weighing tank To release the material.
[0021]
In addition, during material release, the material release rate in each weighing tank is calculated. In particular, if there is a change in the material release rate in a specific weighing tank, the material release rate in other weighing tanks changes according to the degree of change. The opening of the material release gate is adjusted in order to achieve this.
[0022]
Next, an example in which these series of operations are controlled by fuzzy inference rules will be described.
[0023]
First, for each weighing tank, the material release gate is fully opened at the time of maximum weighing, and the average release rate of the material when the material is released is measured and stored. Next, when the blended value of the ready-mixed concrete to be manufactured is selected and set measurement values of gravel, sand, cement and other materials are set, the average in each measuring tank stored in advance by the calculation unit 19 The material release completion time in each weighing tank is calculated from the release speed.
[0024]
And let the measuring tank with the longest discharge completion time be a specific measuring tank. For example, if gravel discharge takes the longest, this gravel measurement tank is designated as a specific measurement tank.
[0025]
Next, for the measurement tanks other than the specific measurement tanks, that is, the ratio of the set measurement value to the maximum weighing for the sand measurement tank and the cement measurement tank, and the average release rate of each measurement tank with respect to the release completion time of the material in the specific measurement tank Calculate the percentage of the completion time of release. Then, the result is input to the fuzzy controller 18.
[0026]
From these data, the fuzzy control unit 18 estimates the appropriate opening of the material discharge gate in each measuring tank based on the membership function of the fuzzy set and the fuzzy inference rules. When the appropriate opening degree of each material release gate is determined, the appropriate opening degree signal is sent to each material release gate via the input / output unit 22 to open each material release gate.
[0027]
FIG. 2 is a membership function for qualitatively evaluating the size of the ratio W between the maximum weight of the weighing tank and the set weighing value. W (i) (i = 0 to 3) in the figure is a constant that defines the shape of the membership function and is determined as appropriate. ZR, PS, PM, and PB are names given to the membership function in order to qualitatively evaluate the magnitude of the set weight value ratio W, and have the following meanings.
[0028]
ZR: Zero
PS: Positive Small
PM: Positive Medium
PB: Positive Big
Moreover, the vertical axis | shaft of a figure is a membership value. Using this membership function, the ratio W of the set measurement value set this time is qualitatively evaluated.
[0029]
FIG. 3 is a membership function for qualitatively evaluating the magnitude of the rate T of release completion time. T (i) (i = 0 to 3) in the figure is a constant that defines the shape of the membership function and is determined as appropriate. ZR, PS, PM, and PB are names given to the membership function in order to qualitatively evaluate the magnitude of the ratio W of the set measurement value, and the meaning thereof is as described above.
[0030]
FIG. 4 is an inference rule for qualitatively determining the appropriate opening degree S of the material discharge gate of each weighing tank from the qualitative function of the set weight value ratio W and the discharge completion time ratio T. For example, the inference rule in the lower right corner is
IF (W is PB and T is PB) THEN S is
PB
Represents the meaning. This means that if the ratio of the set weighing value is very large with respect to the maximum weighing capacity of the weighing tank and the discharge completion time at the average discharge speed of the weighing tank is very large with respect to the discharge completion time of the specific weighing value "(The antecedent part)" and "Let the opening of the material discharge gate of the measuring tank be very large" (the consequent part).
[0031]
FIG. 5 shows a membership function for converting the qualitatively determined material release gate opening into a quantitative value. In the figure, S (i) (i = 0 to 3) is a constant that defines the shape of the membership function, which is a set metric value and the opening degree of the discharge gate with respect to the discharge completion time, and is appropriately determined. ZR, PS, PM, and PB are names given to the membership function to qualitatively evaluate the magnitude of the opening S of the material discharge gate with respect to the set measurement value and the discharge completion time, and are used in FIG. It corresponds to the name. Moreover, the vertical axis | shaft of a figure is a membership value. Then, the membership function to which the opening degree of the material release gate with respect to the set measurement value and the release completion time belongs qualitatively is determined by the applied inference rule.
[0032]
When the opening of the material discharge gate with respect to the set measurement value and the discharge completion time is determined in this way and the discharge is started, the weight reduction value of the material in each measurement tank is set to a predetermined time, for example, about 100 ms. It is detected by the weight detector 13 at the sampling period, and the material release rate is calculated by the calculation unit 19 from the value.
[0033]
In particular, the amount of difference Δ between the material release rate specified for the specific metering tank, for example, the gravel metering tank 7 is sequentially detected, and the material release rate is obtained by fully opening the material discharge gate in advance. V is input to the fuzzy control unit 18. The fuzzy control unit 18 estimates the opening correction amount ΔS of the material discharge gates of the other measuring tanks from the input data based on the membership function of the fuzzy set and the inference rule based on the input data. To do. Based on this correction amount, the opening of the material discharge gate other than the specific metering tank is corrected to obtain a discharge rate corresponding to the change in the material discharge rate in the specific metering tank.
[0034]
FIG. 6 is a membership function for qualitatively evaluating the magnitude of the difference value amount of the material release rate in the specific weighing tank. ΔV (i) (i = 1 to 7) in the figure is a constant that defines the shape of the membership function and is determined as appropriate. NB, NM, NS, ZR, PS, PM, PB are names given to the membership function in order to qualitatively evaluate the magnitude of the difference value of the material release rate,
NB: Negative Big
NM: Negative Medium
NS: Negative Small
ZR: Zero
PS: Positive Small
PM: Positive Medium
PB: Positive Big
It has the meaning.
[0035]
Moreover, the vertical axis | shaft of a figure is a membership value. Using this membership function, the magnitude of the difference value ΔV of the material release rate detected this time is qualitatively evaluated.
[0036]
FIG. 7 shows inference rules for determining the opening correction amount ΔS of the material release gate from the qualitative function of the difference value ΔV of the material release rate. For example, the inference rule in the lower right is
IF (△ V is PB) THEN △ S is PB
Represents the meaning. This is the rule that "if the material discharge rate difference value ΔV is very large" (the antecedent part), "make the material discharge gate opening correction amount ΔS very large" (the consequent part). Is shown.
[0037]
FIG. 8 shows a membership function for converting the qualitatively determined opening correction amount ΔS of the material release gate into a quantitative value. In the figure, ΔS (i) (i = 1 to 7) is a constant that defines the shape of the membership function, and is the opening correction amount ΔS of the material release gate with respect to the difference value ΔV of the material release rate. Determine as appropriate. NB, NM, NS, ZR, PS, PM, and PB are names given to the membership function in order to qualitatively evaluate the magnitude of the opening correction amount ΔS of the material release gate. Corresponds to the name used. The vertical axis in the figure is the membership value.
[0038]
Then, the membership function to which the opening correction amount ΔS of the release gate with respect to the difference value ΔV of the material release rate belongs qualitatively is determined by the applied inference rule.
[0039]
In this way, by starting the material release by determining the opening of the material discharge gate in accordance with the set measurement value in each measurement tank and the material discharge completion time of the specific measurement tank, each material from each measurement tank Are discharged to the premix chute at the same ratio based on the set measurement value, and the completion of the discharge is also completed almost at the same time, so that premixing with the premix chute can be performed effectively. In addition, more accurate premixing can be performed by detecting a change in the material discharge speed of the specific measurement tank and appropriately changing the material discharge speed in the measurement tanks other than the specific measurement tank.
[0040]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, according to the material charging method of the first aspect of the present invention according to the present invention, when various materials measured by individual weighing tanks are charged into the lower mixer while being premixed in the premix chute, For each weighing tank, the material release gate is fully opened at the time of maximum weighing, and the average release rate of the material when the material is released is measured, and when the set measurement value of each material is set, Calculate the discharge completion time corresponding to the set measurement value of each material in the measurement tank, and specify the measurement tank that has the maximum discharge completion time among them as the specific measurement tank. Adjust the opening of the material release gate so that the release gate is fully open and the release completion time of the material in the measurement tanks other than the specified measurement tank is approximately the same as the release completion time of the material in the specified measurement tank. Since the material is discharged, each material can be discharged in the same ratio to the premix chute before it is put into the mixer, and the discharge can be completed almost at the same time. Mixing can be done effectively.
[0041]
Further, according to the material charging method to the mixer according to claim 2, at the time of discharging the material, a weight loss value of the material in the specific measuring tank is detected every predetermined time, and a material discharge speed is calculated from the detected value , When the release rate in the specific measurement tank changes, the material release rate is changed by changing the opening of the material release gate of the measurement tank other than the specific measurement tank according to the degree of change. Even if it changes, each material can be released at the same ratio, and the release can be completed almost at the same time, so that the premixing can be performed effectively.
[0042]
Further, according to the method for charging the material into the mixer according to claim 3, the adjustment of the opening of the material discharge gate is performed by adjusting the ratio of the set measurement value to the maximum measurement value in each measurement tank and the discharge completion time of the specific measurement tank. And the ratio of the discharge completion time when the material discharge gate is fully open to the set measurement value of each measurement tank is the antecedent part of the fuzzy inference rule, and the opening of the material discharge gate of each measurement tank relative to the discharge completion time of the specific measurement tank And the opening of the material discharge gate of each measuring tank is determined by fuzzy inference based on the set measurement value at the time of releasing each material and the discharge completion time of each specific measuring tank. The opening of the discharge gate can be set by fuzzy inference, each material can be discharged at the same ratio, and the discharge can be completed almost at the same time, so that premixing can be performed effectively.
[0043]
Further, according to the method for charging the material into the mixer according to claim 4, the adjustment of the material discharge rate is performed by calculating the difference value of the discharge rate with respect to the average discharge rate when the material discharge gate is fully opened in the specific weighing tank according to the fuzzy inference rule. In addition to the antecedent part, the opening correction amount of the material release gate that obtains the appropriate release rate of the measurement tanks other than the specific measurement tank is used as the consequent part, and the release rate in each measurement tank at the same time as the release of each material Calculate each time, perform fuzzy inference based on the change rate of the discharge rate in the specific measuring tank, and determine the appropriate material discharge gate opening correction amount in the measuring tank other than the specific measuring tank. Since the material release rate of each metering tank is adjusted, the opening of the material discharge gate of other metering tanks can be set by fuzzy reasoning according to the change in the material discharge rate of a specific weighing tank, and the ratio of each material is the same. And release at Effectively perform preliminary mixing can be substantially complete release in the same period.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram showing a configuration of an embodiment of a ready-mixed concrete production plant that employs a material discharge method according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a membership function for rate evaluation of the maximum weighing of a measuring tank and a set weighing value. FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a membership function for rate evaluation of the release completion time.
FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating an example of a rule for estimating an appropriate opening degree of a material release gate.
FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a membership function for opening evaluation of a material release gate.
FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a membership function for evaluating the magnitude of the difference value of the material release rate.
FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating an example of a rule for estimating an opening correction amount of a material release gate.
FIG. 8 is a diagram showing a membership function for evaluating the magnitude of the opening correction amount of the material release gate.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Gravel storage tank 2 ... Sand storage tank 3 ... Cement storage tank 7 ... Gravel measurement tank 8 ... Sand measurement tank 9 ... Cement measurement tank 10 ... Material discharge gate 11 ... Material discharge gate 12 ... Material discharge gate 13 ... Weight detector DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 14 ... Premix chute 16 ... Mixer 17 ... Material discharge | emission control apparatus 18 ... Fuzzy control part

Claims

When various materials weighed in individual weighing tanks are put into the lower mixer while premixing in the premix chute, the material discharge gate is fully opened for each weighing tank in advance at the maximum weighing, and the material is discharged. Once the average release rate is measured and the set weighing value for each material is set, the discharge completion time corresponding to the set weighing value for each material in each weighing tank is calculated from the average release rate , and the maximum The specific measurement tank is specified by specifying the measurement tank that will be the release completion time of the material, the material discharge gate is fully opened at the specific measurement tank at the start of material discharge, and the material discharge completion timing is specified for the measurement tanks other than the specific measurement tank. A material charging method for a mixer, wherein the material is discharged by adjusting the opening of the material discharge gate so as to substantially coincide with the material discharge completion timing in the tank.

When the material is released, the weight loss value of the material in the specific weighing tank is detected every predetermined time, the material release speed is calculated from the detected value, and when the discharge speed in the specific weighing tank changes, the specific weighing is performed according to the degree of change. 2. The method of charging material into a mixer according to claim 1, wherein the material discharge rate is changed by changing the opening of the material discharge gate of the measuring tank other than the tank.

The adjustment of the opening of the material discharge gate is as follows: the ratio of the set weighing value to the maximum weighing value in each weighing tank, the discharge completion time of the specific weighing tank, and the release completion when the material discharge gate is fully opened for the set weighing value of each weighing tank The ratio of time is the antecedent part of the fuzzy inference rule, the opening of the material discharge gate of each measuring tank relative to the discharge completion time of the specific measuring tank is the consequent part, and the set measurement value and specific measurement at each material release 2. A method for charging material into a mixer according to claim 1, wherein the opening of the material discharge gate of each metering tank is determined based on the tank discharge completion time and fuzzy inference.

The adjustment of the material release rate uses the difference value of the release rate with respect to the average release rate when the material release gate is fully opened in the specific measurement tank as the antecedent part of the fuzzy inference rule, and the appropriate release of the measurement tanks other than the specific measurement tank The opening correction amount of the material release gate that obtains the speed is used as the consequent part, and the measurement speed in each weighing tank is calculated at a predetermined time simultaneously with the release of each material, and each time the release speed changes in the specific weighing tank A fuzzy inference is performed based on the above, and an opening correction amount of an appropriate material discharge gate in a measurement tank other than the specific measurement tank is determined to adjust the material discharge speed of each measurement tank. 2. The material charging method to the mixer according to 2.