JP4427378B2 - Hermetic sealing material and manufacturing method thereof - Google Patents
Hermetic sealing material and manufacturing method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- JP4427378B2 JP4427378B2 JP2004126840A JP2004126840A JP4427378B2 JP 4427378 B2 JP4427378 B2 JP 4427378B2 JP 2004126840 A JP2004126840 A JP 2004126840A JP 2004126840 A JP2004126840 A JP 2004126840A JP 4427378 B2 JP4427378 B2 JP 4427378B2
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L2224/00—Indexing scheme for arrangements for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies and methods related thereto as covered by H01L24/00
- H01L2224/01—Means for bonding being attached to, or being formed on, the surface to be connected, e.g. chip-to-package, die-attach, "first-level" interconnects; Manufacturing methods related thereto
- H01L2224/42—Wire connectors; Manufacturing methods related thereto
- H01L2224/47—Structure, shape, material or disposition of the wire connectors after the connecting process
- H01L2224/48—Structure, shape, material or disposition of the wire connectors after the connecting process of an individual wire connector
- H01L2224/4805—Shape
- H01L2224/4809—Loop shape
- H01L2224/48091—Arched
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L2224/00—Indexing scheme for arrangements for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies and methods related thereto as covered by H01L24/00
- H01L2224/73—Means for bonding being of different types provided for in two or more of groups H01L2224/10, H01L2224/18, H01L2224/26, H01L2224/34, H01L2224/42, H01L2224/50, H01L2224/63, H01L2224/71
- H01L2224/732—Location after the connecting process
- H01L2224/73251—Location after the connecting process on different surfaces
- H01L2224/73265—Layer and wire connectors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L2924/00—Indexing scheme for arrangements or methods for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies as covered by H01L24/00
- H01L2924/15—Details of package parts other than the semiconductor or other solid state devices to be connected
- H01L2924/161—Cap
- H01L2924/1615—Shape
- H01L2924/16195—Flat cap [not enclosing an internal cavity]
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- Piezo-Electric Or Mechanical Vibrators, Or Delay Or Filter Circuits (AREA)
Description
本発明は、半導体素子等を搭載する金属製やセラミック製のパッケージを封止するための気密封止用材およびその製造方法に関する。 The present invention relates to a hermetic sealing material for sealing a metal or ceramic package on which a semiconductor element or the like is mounted, and a method for manufacturing the same.
一般に、水晶振動素子やSAWフィルター等の各種半導体素子は、空気中の酸素や湿気により特性が悪化してしまう。そこで、これら半導体素子はセラミックパケージ内に気密封入した状態でICチップとして電子機器に搭載されている。
そこで、半導体素子の気密封止法(ハーメチックシール)として、セラミックレイヤタイプ、サーディップタイプおよびCANタイプの3種類に分類されるが、本発明はそのセラミックレイヤタイプに属する。
In general, characteristics of various semiconductor elements such as a crystal vibrating element and a SAW filter are deteriorated by oxygen or moisture in the air. Therefore, these semiconductor elements are mounted on an electronic device as an IC chip in a state of being hermetically sealed in a ceramic package.
Therefore, the semiconductor element hermetic sealing method (hermetic seal) is classified into three types: ceramic layer type, surdip type, and CAN type, and the present invention belongs to the ceramic layer type.
セラミックレイヤタイプにおける従来のシール法として、半導体素子を搭載したパケージのベースとそのキャップとしての気密封止材であるコバール材や42アロイ材等の合金板とをはんだで接合する方法がある。
そのコバール材、42アロイ材は低膨張材であり、所定の形状片に加工後、Niめっきを施し、さらにAuめっき加工を施して気密封止材としている。
As a conventional sealing method in the ceramic layer type, there is a method in which a package base on which a semiconductor element is mounted and an alloy plate such as a Kovar material or 42 alloy material which is a hermetic sealing material as a cap thereof are joined by solder.
The Kovar material and 42 alloy material are low-expansion materials. After being processed into a predetermined shape piece, Ni plating is applied, and Au plating is further applied to form an airtight sealing material.
また、はんだ材料としては、Au−Sn合金材を用いている(例えば、特許文献1参照。)。
このような材料により、図4および図5に示す如く、メタライズされたパッケージ101のベース102と気密封止材103との間に上記はんだ104を置き、加熱溶融して封着している(例えば、特許文献1参照)。
As the solder material, an Au—Sn alloy material is used (for example, refer to Patent Document 1).
With such a material, as shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, the solder 104 is placed between the base 102 of the metallized package 101 and the hermetic sealing material 103 and heated and melted for sealing (for example, , See Patent Document 1).
また、Au系ろう材からなるろう材テープと、FeNi系材料からなる基材にNiめっき又はNiめっき及びAuめっきを施した基材テープを用いた技術がある(例えば、特許文献2参照。)
しかしながら、上述した従来の技術においては、パッケージと気密封止材との封着において、その気密封止材の封着面にめっき加工によりNi層やAu層を形成しているため、気密封止材とめっき層とは冶金的な結合がなく、剥がれ易いという問題がある。
また、めっき層は固く加工性が無く、厚さの厚いめっき層もできない。特に、長尺で厚いめっき層を作ることが困難であるという問題がある。
However, in the above-described conventional technology, since the Ni layer and the Au layer are formed by plating on the sealing surface of the hermetic sealing material when sealing the package and the hermetic sealing material, hermetic sealing is performed. There is a problem that the material and the plating layer do not have metallurgical bonding and are easily peeled off.
Further, the plating layer is hard and has no workability, and a thick plating layer cannot be formed. In particular, there is a problem that it is difficult to form a long and thick plating layer.
さらに、加熱溶融による封着加工において、はんだのAu−Snが充分な溶融をせずに濡れ拡がりが得られないことがあり、完全な封止状態にならず、製品不良が発生するおそれがあるという問題がある。
また、特許文献1に記載されているように一旦シール用キャップ上ではんだのAu−Snを溶融させると、溶融層の組織にAuリッチな相とSnリッチな相ができて凝固組織が不安定になり、脆くなって加工性が悪化するという問題がある。
Furthermore, in the sealing process by heating and melting, the solder Au-Sn may not be sufficiently melted to obtain a wet spread and may not be in a completely sealed state, possibly resulting in product defects. There is a problem.
Further, as described in Patent Document 1, once the solder Au—Sn is melted on the sealing cap, an Au-rich phase and an Sn-rich phase are formed in the structure of the molten layer, and the solidified structure is unstable. There is a problem that it becomes brittle and the workability deteriorates.
さらに、はんだのAu−Snは280℃の共晶点で瞬時に溶融せず、そして、Auめっき層のAu成分を考慮し、Au−Snの組成を78〜79.5wt%に代えても溶融後の凝固組織が不安定になり、封着時に280℃の共晶点で瞬時に溶融せず、加熱溶融による封着加工において完全な封止状態が得られないという問題点もある。
本発明は、上記の問題点を解決するためになされたもので、封止状態においてばらつきが生じない手段を提供することを目的とする。
Furthermore, the solder Au—Sn does not melt instantaneously at the eutectic point of 280 ° C., and considering the Au component of the Au plating layer, even if the composition of Au—Sn is changed to 78-79.5 wt% There is also a problem in that the solidified structure afterwards becomes unstable, and does not melt instantaneously at the eutectic point of 280 ° C. during sealing, and a completely sealed state cannot be obtained in the sealing process by heat melting.
The present invention has been made to solve the above-described problems, and an object thereof is to provide means that does not cause variations in the sealed state.
そこで本発明は、コバール材や42アロイ材等の低膨張係数を有する板材1に、当該板材の厚さ1に対し0.1〜0.2の比率となるNi層2を形成し、その板材1の未複合面にNi層4を形成し、そのNi層4の厚さ1に対し0.08〜0.15の比率で、尚且つ0.1〜1.2μmとなるAu層を形成して複合材7とし、さらにその上に75〜83wt%Au−Sn合金組成になるようにAu層から始めてSn層と交互に積層して表層をAu層とした5層以上で複合材7の厚さに対し0.08〜0.15の比率となるAuとSnの複合層を積層したことを特徴とする。ただし、Ni層2はコバール等の板材の防蝕用として用いるため必須のものではない。 Therefore, the present invention forms a Ni layer 2 having a ratio of 0.1 to 0.2 with respect to the thickness 1 of the plate material 1 on the plate material 1 having a low expansion coefficient such as Kovar material or 42 alloy material, and the plate material. An Ni layer 4 is formed on one uncomposited surface, and an Au layer having a ratio of 0.08 to 0.15 with respect to the thickness 1 of the Ni layer 4 and 0.1 to 1.2 μm is formed. Then, the composite material 7 is further formed, and the thickness of the composite material 7 is made up of five or more layers in which the Au layer is alternately laminated with the Sn layer starting from the Au layer so that the composition is 75 to 83 wt% Au—Sn alloy. A composite layer of Au and Sn having a ratio of 0.08 to 0.15 is laminated. However, the Ni layer 2 is not essential because it is used for corrosion protection of a plate material such as Kovar.
なお、コバール材等の板材の厚さと複合するNi板材の厚さの比が、板材の厚さ1に対し0.1〜0.2の比率とした理由は、比率が0.1未満では、板材に対するNiの耐食性効果が損なわれ、比率が0.2を超えると封着時の加熱により変形を生じやすくなり封止が困難となるからである。
また、Ni板材の厚さ1に対しAu板材を0.08〜0.15の比率で、尚且つ板厚が0.1〜1.2μmとした理由は、比率が0.08未満ではNi/コバール材等の板材/Ni/Auの4層複合においてAu層がNi層へ拡散し、Ni/コバール材等の板材/Ni/Au/AuとSnの複合層の5層複合時にAu−Sn層との接合が困難となり、比率が0.15を超えるとNi/コバール材等の板材/Ni/Au/AuとSnの複合層の5層複合材にそりを生じ易くなるからである。
Note that the ratio of the thickness of the Ni plate material combined with the thickness of the plate material such as Kovar material was set to a ratio of 0.1 to 0.2 with respect to the thickness 1 of the plate material. This is because the corrosion resistance effect of Ni on the plate material is impaired, and if the ratio exceeds 0.2, deformation is easily caused by heating at the time of sealing and sealing becomes difficult.
Further, a ratio of 0.08 to 0.15 with Au plate to a thickness of 1 of the Ni plate, why thickness one Nao且has a 0.1~1.2μm the ratio is less than 0.08 Ni / The Au layer diffuses into the Ni layer in the 4-layer composite of plate material such as Kovar material / Ni / Au, and the Au—Sn layer when the 5-layer composite of the plate material such as Ni / Kovar material / Ni / Au / Au and Sn is combined. When the ratio exceeds 0.15, warpage is likely to occur in a 5-layer composite material of a plate material such as Ni / Kovar material / Ni / Au / Au / Sn composite layer.
また、AuとSn複合層の組成を75〜83%とした理由は、75%未満ではAuリッチな相が晶出し易くなり、83%を超えるとSnリッチな金属間化合物相が晶出し易くなるからである。
また、複合材7の厚さ1に対しAu−Sn複合層を0.08〜0.15の比率とした理由は、0.08未満ではNi/コバール材等の板材/Ni/Au/Au−Snの5層複合時に充分な接合強度が得られず、0.15を超えると5層複合材にそりを生じ易くなるからである。
The reason why the composition of the Au and Sn composite layer is 75 to 83% is that if it is less than 75%, an Au-rich phase is easily crystallized, and if it exceeds 83%, an Sn-rich intermetallic compound phase is easily crystallized. Because.
The reason why the Au—Sn composite layer is in a ratio of 0.08 to 0.15 with respect to the thickness 1 of the composite material 7 is that, if less than 0.08, a plate material such as Ni / Kovar material / Ni / Au / Au— This is because sufficient bonding strength cannot be obtained when Sn is combined with five layers, and if it exceeds 0.15, warpage is likely to occur in the five-layer composite material.
また、Ni/コバール材等の板材/Ni/Au/AuとSnの複合層の5層複合材とした理由は、低膨張率のコバール材等の板材を芯とし、Ni板材2をコバール材等の板材の防蝕用とし、Ni板材4をAu板材5のコバール材等の板材への拡散防止用として、コバール材等の板材の特性を維持しつつ、5層複合材としてそりが生じないように均等に接合したものであり、Au板材5は封着時にAuとSnの複合層の充分な濡れ拡がりを生じさせるためである。 Also, the reason for using a 5-layer composite material of a Ni / Kovar material / Ni / Au / Au / Sn composite layer is that the low expansion coefficient Kovar material is the core, and the Ni plate 2 is the Kovar material. The anti-corrosion of the Ni plate 4 is used to prevent the diffusion of the Ni plate 4 into the Kovar material such as the Au plate 5 while maintaining the characteristics of the Kovar material and the like so that no warpage occurs as a five-layer composite material. This is because the Au plate material 5 causes sufficient wetting and spreading of the composite layer of Au and Sn at the time of sealing.
なお、Ni/コバール材等の板材/Ni/Auの4層複合材の複合加工における加熱によりAu板材5がNi板材4へ熱拡散しないようにNi板材2とコバール材等の板材1の複合加工を行い、次にNi/コバール材等の板材の複合材とNi/Auの複合材との複合加工を行う。
また、Ni/コバール材等の板材/Ni/Auの4層複合材とAuとSnの複合層との接合では、200℃以上280℃未満の温度域で複合加工するためAu板材5のNi板材4への熱拡散は防止される。
It should be noted that the composite processing of the Ni plate material 2 and the plate material 1 such as Kovar material is prevented so that the Au plate material 5 is not thermally diffused into the Ni plate material 4 by heating in the composite processing of the plate material such as Ni / Kovar material / Ni / Au four-layer composite material. Next, composite processing of a composite material of a plate material such as a Ni / Kovar material and a composite material of Ni / Au is performed.
Further, in the joining of a plate material such as Ni / Kovar material / Ni / Au four-layer composite material and a composite layer of Au and Sn, the Ni plate material of the Au plate material 5 is subjected to composite processing in a temperature range of 200 ° C. or more and less than 280 ° C. Thermal diffusion to 4 is prevented.
これにより、本発明は、封着加工においてAu−Sn部の充分な溶融、拡がりが得られて完全な封止状態を得ることができることになる。即ち、本発明はめっき加工の欠点を解決するために、熱間圧延接合加工により封止用複合材を形成することにより、封止状態においてばらつきの生じない加工性の良い気密封止用材となる。
また、封着加工のアセンブリにおいて、Au−Sn合金片をはんだとして用いた場合に生じるワレ、カケ等の発生を防ぐことができる効果が得られる。
As a result, in the present invention, the Au—Sn portion can be sufficiently melted and spread in the sealing process, and a complete sealed state can be obtained. That is, in order to solve the drawbacks of the plating process, the present invention provides a hermetic sealing material with good workability that does not vary in the sealed state by forming a sealing composite material by hot rolling joining. .
Moreover, in the assembly of the sealing process, an effect that can prevent the occurrence of cracks, chipping, and the like that occur when an Au—Sn alloy piece is used as solder can be obtained.
以下に、本発明の実施例を図面を用いて説明する。 Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.
図1は本実施例を示す説明図である。
(1−1)板厚1mm、幅20mmのコバール板材1に、板厚0.13mm、幅20mmのNi板材2を800℃の非酸化性雰囲気中で熱間圧延接合し、板厚0.91mm、幅20mmの複合材3とした。
(1−2)板厚1mm、幅20mmのNi板材4に、板厚0.1mm、幅20mmのAu板材5を800℃の非酸化性雰囲気中で熱間圧延接合し、板厚0.11mm、幅20mmの複合材6とした。
(1−3)複合材3の未複合面に複合材6のNi面4を接合面とし、800℃の非酸化性雰囲気中で熱間圧延接合し、板厚0.12mm、幅20mmの複合材7とした。
(1−4)80Au−Sn合金組成になるように、Au12/Sn13/Au12/Sn13/Au12の順にした5層の積層を、板厚1mm、幅20mmのAu板材12と板厚1mm、幅20mmのSn板材13を用い、250℃の非酸化性雰囲気中で熱間圧延接合し、板厚0.12mm、幅20mmの積層材14とし、この積層材14を複合材7のAu面5上に250℃の非酸化性雰囲気中で熱間圧延接合し、板厚0.1mm、幅20mmの複合材15とした。この複合材15をプレス抜き加工により板厚0.1mmで3mm角の気密封止用材16Aを得た。
FIG. 1 is an explanatory view showing this embodiment.
(1-1) A Ni plate 2 having a thickness of 0.13 mm and a width of 20 mm is hot-rolled in a non-oxidizing atmosphere at 800 ° C. to a Kovar plate 1 having a thickness of 1 mm and a width of 20 mm, and a thickness of 0.91 mm. A composite material 3 having a width of 20 mm was obtained.
(1-2) An Au plate 5 having a plate thickness of 0.1 mm and a width of 20 mm is hot-rolled in a non-oxidizing atmosphere at 800 ° C. to a Ni plate 4 having a plate thickness of 1 mm and a width of 20 mm to obtain a plate thickness of 0.11 mm. A composite material 6 having a width of 20 mm was obtained.
(1-3) A composite having a Ni thickness 4 of a composite material 6 on a non-composite surface of the composite material 3 and hot-rolled in a non-oxidizing atmosphere at 800 ° C., and having a thickness of 0.12 mm and a width of 20 mm. Material 7 was obtained.
(1-4) A laminate of five layers in the order of Au12 / Sn13 / Au12 / Sn13 / Au12 so as to have an 80Au—Sn alloy composition is composed of an Au plate 12 having a plate thickness of 1 mm and a width of 20 mm and a plate thickness of 1 mm and a width of 20 mm. The Sn plate material 13 was hot-rolled and joined in a non-oxidizing atmosphere at 250 ° C. to form a laminated material 14 having a thickness of 0.12 mm and a width of 20 mm. The laminated material 14 was placed on the Au surface 5 of the composite material 7. It was hot-rolled and joined in a non-oxidizing atmosphere at 250 ° C. to obtain a composite material 15 having a plate thickness of 0.1 mm and a width of 20 mm. The composite material 15 was subjected to press punching to obtain an airtight sealing material 16A having a plate thickness of 0.1 mm and a 3 mm square.
また、上記(1−1)〜(1−4)の順と同様にして、基板となるコバール材を42アロイ材に換え、板厚0.1mmで3mm角の気密封止用材16Bを得た。
つぎに、比較のための従来例を示す。
(1) 板厚0.07mm、幅20mmのコバール板材をプレス抜き加工により、3mm
角の基板片を得、その基板片に厚さ0.01mmのNi層をめっき加工により全面に設け、さらに、そのNiめっき層上に厚さ0.001mmのAu層をめっき加工により全面に設け、板厚0.09mmで3mm角のめっき複合片とした。
(2) 厚さ0.01mm、3mm角のAu/Sn/Au/Sn/Auの順で各層厚さが0.002mmになるようにめっき加工により設け、板厚0.1mmで3mm角の気密封止用材22Aを得た。
Further, in the same manner as in the order of (1-1) to (1-4), the Kovar material serving as the substrate was replaced with 42 alloy material, and a 3 mm square airtight sealing material 16B with a plate thickness of 0.1 mm was obtained. .
Next, a conventional example for comparison is shown.
(1) Kovar plate material with a plate thickness of 0.07mm and width of 20mm is 3mm by pressing
A square substrate piece is obtained, and a Ni layer having a thickness of 0.01 mm is provided on the entire surface of the substrate piece by plating. Further, an Au layer having a thickness of 0.001 mm is provided on the entire surface of the Ni plating layer by plating. A 3 mm square plated composite piece with a plate thickness of 0.09 mm was obtained.
(2) Thickness of 0.01 mm, 3 mm square Au / Sn / Au / Sn / Au are provided by plating so that the thickness of each layer is 0.002 mm, and the thickness of 0.1 mm is 3 mm square. A material 22A for hermetic sealing was obtained.
また、上記(1)〜(2)の順と同様にして、基板となるコバール材を42アロイ材に換え、板厚0.1mmで3mm角の気密封止用材22Bを得た。
上記各気密封止用材16A、16Bおよび22A、22Bを図2、図3に示す如く、メタライズされたセラミックパッケージのベース17上に約300℃の炉により封着し、ヘリウムリーク試験により、封止状態を比較して結果を表1に示した。
Further, in the same manner as in the above (1) and (2), the Kovar material serving as the substrate was replaced with a 42 alloy material to obtain a 3 mm square airtight sealing material 22B with a plate thickness of 0.1 mm.
Each of the airtight sealing materials 16A, 16B and 22A, 22B is sealed on a base 17 of a metallized ceramic package with a furnace at about 300 ° C. and sealed by a helium leak test as shown in FIGS. The state was compared and the result is shown in Table 1.
また、上記気密封止用材16A、16Bの封着材部について、ワレ、カケの有無を外観評価項目として表1に併記した。
1 コバール板材
2 Ni板材
3 複合材
4 Ni板材
5 Au板材
6 複合材
7 複合材
10A、10B 気密封止用材
12 Au板材
13 Sn板材
14 積層材
15 複合材
16A、16B 気密封止用材
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Kovar board | plate material 2 Ni board | plate material 3 Composite material 4 Ni board | plate material 5 Au board | plate material 6 Composite material 7 Composite material 10A, 10B Airtight sealing material 12 Au board | plate material 13 Sn board | plate material 14 Laminated material 15 Composite material 16A, 16B Airtight sealing material
Claims (2)
Ni板材に、当該Ni板材の厚さ1に対し0.08〜0.15の比率で、尚且つ板厚が0.1〜1.2μmとなるAu板材を連続的に熱間圧延接合して複合材6とし、
さらに複合材6を複合材3の未複合面に連続的に熱間圧延接合して複合材7とし、
複合材7の厚さ1に対し0.08〜0.15の比率となり、75〜83wt%Au−Sn合金組成になるように、Au/Sn/Au/Sn/Auの順に表層をAu層とした5層以上の複合層を連続的に熱間圧延接合して積層材14とし、この積層材14を複合材7のAu面上に連続的に熱間圧延接合して複合材15とし、
この複合材15をプレス抜き加工により所望の形状にすることを特徴とする気密封止用材の製造方法。 A Ni plate material having a ratio of 0.1 to 0.2 with respect to the thickness 1 of the plate material is continuously hot rolled and joined to the plate material 1 having a low expansion coefficient such as Kovar material or 42 alloy material. Material 3
A Ni plate, a ratio of thickness 1 of the Ni plate to 0.08 to 0.15, Nao且one plate thickness is continuously hot rolled joining Au plate material becomes 0.1~1.2μm Composite 6
Further, the composite material 6 is continuously hot-rolled and joined to the uncomposited surface of the composite material 3 to form a composite material 7.
The Au / Sn / Au / Sn / Au surface layers are in the order of Au / Sn / Au / Sn / Au so that the ratio of 0.08 to 0.15 with respect to the thickness 1 of the composite material 7 and 75 to 83 wt% Au—Sn alloy composition. The five or more composite layers are continuously hot rolled to form a laminate 14, and this laminate 14 is continuously hot rolled on the Au surface of the composite 7 to form a composite 15.
A method of manufacturing a material for hermetic sealing, wherein the composite material 15 is formed into a desired shape by press punching.
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