JP4426972B2 - 赤外線反射積層構造 - Google Patents
赤外線反射積層構造 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP4426972B2 JP4426972B2 JP2004549171A JP2004549171A JP4426972B2 JP 4426972 B2 JP4426972 B2 JP 4426972B2 JP 2004549171 A JP2004549171 A JP 2004549171A JP 2004549171 A JP2004549171 A JP 2004549171A JP 4426972 B2 JP4426972 B2 JP 4426972B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- layer
- metal oxide
- silver
- laminated structure
- oxide layer
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 238000002834 transmittance Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910010413 TiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 103
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 9
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910002695 AgAu Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910006404 SnO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000012790 adhesive layer Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000001755 magnetron sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 4
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229920002799 BoPET Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008033 biological extinction Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000005357 flat glass Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 3
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium atom Chemical compound [In] APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229920000139 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000005020 polyethylene terephthalate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002310 reflectometry Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001429 visible spectrum Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 2
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acrylate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229920002284 Cellulose triacetate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- NNLVGZFZQQXQNW-ADJNRHBOSA-N [(2r,3r,4s,5r,6s)-4,5-diacetyloxy-3-[(2s,3r,4s,5r,6r)-3,4,5-triacetyloxy-6-(acetyloxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-6-[(2r,3r,4s,5r,6s)-4,5,6-triacetyloxy-2-(acetyloxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]methyl acetate Chemical compound O([C@@H]1O[C@@H]([C@H]([C@H](OC(C)=O)[C@H]1OC(C)=O)O[C@H]1[C@@H]([C@@H](OC(C)=O)[C@H](OC(C)=O)[C@@H](COC(C)=O)O1)OC(C)=O)COC(=O)C)[C@@H]1[C@@H](COC(C)=O)O[C@@H](OC(C)=O)[C@H](OC(C)=O)[C@H]1OC(C)=O NNLVGZFZQQXQNW-ADJNRHBOSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005229 chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002329 infrared spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005240 physical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007750 plasma spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920000058 polyacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000515 polycarbonate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004417 polycarbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 1
- -1 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011241 protective layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005546 reactive sputtering Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012780 transparent material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001771 vacuum deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
- E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
- E06B9/00—Screening or protective devices for wall or similar openings, with or without operating or securing mechanisms; Closures of similar construction
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- H05K9/00—Screening of apparatus or components against electric or magnetic fields
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- B32B2307/20—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular electrical or magnetic properties, e.g. piezoelectric
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B32B2333/00—Polymers of unsaturated acids or derivatives thereof
- B32B2333/04—Polymers of esters
- B32B2333/08—Polymers of acrylic acid esters, e.g. PMA, i.e. polymethylacrylate
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2369/00—Polycarbonates
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B32B2457/20—Displays, e.g. liquid crystal displays, plasma displays
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C2217/00—Coatings on glass
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- C03C2217/21—Oxides
- C03C2217/212—TiO2
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C2217/00—Coatings on glass
- C03C2217/20—Materials for coating a single layer on glass
- C03C2217/25—Metals
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- C03C2217/00—Coatings on glass
- C03C2217/20—Materials for coating a single layer on glass
- C03C2217/25—Metals
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Description
本発明は、赤外線反射積層構造及びそのような積層構造のヒートミラーとしての使用に関する。
可視スペクトルの放射線を透過させながら、赤外スペクトルの放射線を反射するヒートミラーは、例えば、建物又は車両の窓としての重要な用途を有している。
透明ヒートミラーの場合、可視光線透過率は高くなければならなく、従って、反射率と吸収率は低くなければならない。例えば、米国において、自動車用のフロントガラスは、少なくとも７０％の可視光線の透過率を有していなければならない。しかし、赤外線に関して、ヒートミラーは、高い反射率を有していなければならず、従って、赤外線の透過率と吸収率は低くなければならない。
交互に配置される誘電体層と金属層の積層体を備えるヒートミラーは、当技術分野において知られている。低い熱透過率によって特徴付けられるヒートミラーを得るために、一般的に、少なくとも３つの金属層が必要である。しかし、金属層の数と厚みは、可視光線透過率及び製造プロセスのコストと複雑さに悪影響を及ぼす。
銀を金属層として用いることがよく知られている。しかし、銀層は、安定性と耐久性が低く、耐湿性と耐候性が劣る。
本発明の目的は、先行技術の欠点を回避することにある。本発明の他の目的は、改良された赤外線反射積層構造を提供することにある。
本発明の目的は、最少の数の金属層によって、良好な可視光線透過率と低い太陽熱利得係数（ソーラーヒートゲイン係数）によって特徴付けられる赤外線反射積層構造を提供することにある。本発明のさらに他の目的は、高安定性と高耐候性を有する銀含有層を備える赤外線反射積層構造を提供することにある。
本発明の第１のアスペクトによれば、赤外線反射積層構造が提供される。この積層構造は、
透明な基板層と、
第１金属酸化物層と、
第１銀含有層と、
第２金属酸化物層と、
第２銀含有層と、
第３金属酸化物層と
を備える。第１、第２及び第３金属酸化物層は、５００ｎｍの波長において少なくとも２．４０の屈折率を有する。
透明な基板層と、
第１金属酸化物層と、
第１銀含有層と、
第２金属酸化物層と、
第２銀含有層と、
第３金属酸化物層と
を備える。第１、第２及び第３金属酸化物層は、５００ｎｍの波長において少なくとも２．４０の屈折率を有する。
本発明による積層構造において、銀含有層と金属酸化物層の対の数は２に制限されている。種々の金属酸化物層の厚みと、第１及び第２銀含有層の厚みは、ガラスに積層された層状構造が、７０％よりも高い可視光線透過率（ＶＬＴ）と０．４４よりも低い太陽熱利得係数（ＳＨＧＣ）を有するように、互いに適合される。ガラスに積層された層状構造の日照利得に対する光の比率（ＬＳＧ比：ライト・ツー・ソーラーゲイン・レイシオ）は、好ましくは、１．６０よりも高い。さらに好ましくは、ＬＳＧ比は、１．６５よりも高く、例えば、１．６９である。
可視光線透過率（ＶＬＴ）は、窓を透過した可視スペクトル（３８０〜７８０ｎｍ）の百分率を指す。
太陽熱利得係数（ＳＨＧＣ）は、窓を通過することが許容され、直接伝達及び吸収され、次いで、対流と輻射によって、内部に放出される入射太陽光線の割合を指す。ＳＨＧＣは、０と１の間の数として、表される。窓の太陽熱利得係数が低いほど、窓を伝達する太陽熱は小さい。
日照利得に対する光の比率（ＬＳＧ比）は、ＶＬＴ／（ＳＨＧＣ・１００）として定義される。ＬＳＧ比は、熱利得を遮断させながら日光を透過させる、異なる種類のガラスにおける相対的な効率の尺度をもたらす。この比率が高いほど、室内は、余分な熱量を加えることなく、明るくなる。
金属酸化物は、どのような透明材料であってもよい。しかし、高屈折率とほぼ零の吸光係数(extinction coefficient)を有する金属酸化物が好ましい。従って、層の光学的な厚みが重要である光学被膜において、高屈折率を有する金属酸化物の物理的な厚みは、低屈折率を有する金属酸化物の物理的な厚みよりも低く維持され得る。
積層構造の金属酸化物は、当技術分野において知られているどのような技術によって、堆積(deposit)されてもよい。好ましい技術は、スパッタ堆積等の物理的蒸着技術又は化学蒸着技術を含む。
好ましい金属酸化物層は、ＴｉＯ2、特に、主にルチル相から成り、極めて高密度のＴｉＯ2を含む。この種のＴｉＯ2は、５１０ｎｍにおいて２．４１の屈折率を有する。ＴｉＯ2層は、Ｔｉターゲット、ＴｉＯ2ターゲット、又は亜化学量論的（サブストイチオメトリック）ＴｉＯx（ｘは１．７５〜２である）ターゲットを用いる反応性スパッタ堆積法によって、堆積され得る。
主にルチル相から成るＴｉＯ2は、好ましくは、ＴｉＯxターゲット（好ましくは、回転可能なＴｉＯxターゲット）（ｘは１．５〜２であり、例えば１．５〜１．７）を用いるＤＣマグネトロン・スパッタリングによって堆積される。これらの回転可能なターゲットは、還元雰囲気（例えば、Ａｒ／Ｈ2）において、ステンレス鋼裏当てチューブ上にルチル粉体をプラズマ溶射することによって作製される。これらのターゲットは、ＤＣマグネトロン・スパッタリング法において陰極(cathode)として用いられるのに十分な電気伝導性を有し、極めて高い電力レベルに耐えることができる。その結果、より低い投資コストで（堆積源そのものと電力供給の両方において、著しく安いコストで）、極めて高いスパッタ堆積速度を達成することができる。
高屈折率を有する他の金属酸化物は、例えば、ＢｉＯ2（５５０ｎｍにおける屈折率２．４５）又はＰｂＯ（５５０ｎｍにおける屈折率２．５５）である。
積層構造の異なる金属酸化物層は、同じ材料を含んでもよいし、又は異なる材料を含んでもよい。
第１及び第２銀含有層は、純銀（すなわち、不可避的不純物を含む銀）、又は銀と他の元素、例えば、金、プラチナ、パラジウム、銅、アルミニウム、インジウム、又は亜鉛、及び／又はそれらの混合物との合金を含んでもよい。銀含有層は、例えば、銀と最大３０質量％までの他の元素、例えば、金、プラチナ、パラジウム、銅、アルミニウム、インジウム、又は亜鉛、及び／又はそれらの混合物を含んでもよい。好ましい銀含有層は、１０質量％の金を含む。
銀含有層は、好ましくは、真空堆積技術、例えば、スパッタリング又は蒸着によって、堆積される。
銀含有層の堆積は、特別の事前注意が必要である。その理由は、
（ｉ）銀は、貴金属と呼ばれることが多いが、極めて腐食されやすく、
（ｉｉ）吸収率は実質的にη．ｋに比例するので、より濃度が高く混合されたＴｉＯ2（高η）−銀（高ｋ）層の存在は、積層構造の全吸収率を著しく増大させ、理論的に達成され得る可視光線透過率の大きな部分を侵食できるので、金属酸化物と銀層の混合は避けられねばならない、
からである。
（ｉ）銀は、貴金属と呼ばれることが多いが、極めて腐食されやすく、
（ｉｉ）吸収率は実質的にη．ｋに比例するので、より濃度が高く混合されたＴｉＯ2（高η）−銀（高ｋ）層の存在は、積層構造の全吸収率を著しく増大させ、理論的に達成され得る可視光線透過率の大きな部分を侵食できるので、金属酸化物と銀層の混合は避けられねばならない、
からである。
これは、銀含有層と金属酸化物との界面及び／又は銀含有層は、特に保護されることが好ましいことを意味している。これは、例えば、金属酸化物層と銀含有層との間に設けられる中間層、銀含有層と金属酸化物層との間に設けられる中間層、又は銀含有層の両側に設けられる中間層によって、達成され得る。このような中間層は、好ましくは、金、例えば、純金（すなわち、不可避的不純物を含む金）、又は金と３０質量％までの他の元素、例えば、銀との合金を含む。中間層は、好ましくは、０．５〜１０ｎｍの厚さ、例えば、１ｎｍの厚みを有する。
好ましくは、中間層は、スパッタ堆積によって堆積される。
本発明による積層構造は、少なくとも１つの透明基板層を備えている。この一以上の透明基板層は、ガラス層、又はプラスチック層、例えば、ポリカーボネート、ポリアクリレート、ポリエチレンテレフタレート（ＰＥＴ）等のポリエステル、三酢酸セルロース（ＴＣＡ又はＴＡＣ）又はポリウレタンから成るプラスチック層を含むとよい。
可能であれば、付加的な層が積層構造の上に堆積される。このような付加的な層は、例えば、保護層又は耐磨耗層を含む。
本発明の第２のアスペクトによれば、赤外線反射積層構造の透明ヒートミラーとしての使用が提供される。
さらに他のアスペクトによれば、赤外線反射積層構造における銀含有層の数を低減させる方法、及び赤外線反射積層構造の可視光線透過率を改良する方法が提供される。
以下、添付の図面を参照して、本発明をさらに詳細に説明する。
赤外線反射積層構造１０の実施形態が、図１に示されている。この積層構造は、３つの金属酸化物層１２、１４、１６、及び２つの銀含有層１３、１５を備えている。金属酸化層は、ＴｉＯ2を含んでいる。このＴｉＯ2は、回転可能なセラミックＴｉＯx（ｘは１．５〜１．７である）ターゲットを用いるＤＣマグネトロン・スパッタリングによって得られる。これらのターゲットは、ＤＣマグネトロン・スパッタリング法における陰極(cathode)として用いられるのに十分な電気伝導度を有している。
図４において、ＴｉＯ2被膜の屈折率（η）と吸光係数（ε）が示されている。波長の関数としての屈折率（η）がライン４４によって与えられ、波長の関数としての吸光係数（ε）がライン４２によって与えられている。３９５ｎｍよりも高い波長では、この被膜は吸収を示さない。５１０ｎｍにおける屈折率は、２．４１であり、これはＴｉＯ2のルチル相に対応している。
銀含有層１３、１５は、純銀（すなわち、不可避的な不純物を含む銀）を含んでいる。代替的実施形態において、銀含有層１３、１５は、１０質量％の金を含んでいる。
第１金属酸化物層１２と第３金属酸化物１６は、２５〜３５ｎｍの厚みを有している。第２金属酸化物層１４は、５０〜７０ｎｍの厚みを有している。第１及び第２銀含有層１３、１５は、１０〜２５ｎｍの厚みを有している。
図２は、赤外線反射積層構造２０の他の実施形態を示している。この積層構造は、図１に示される積層構造と同じであるが、しかし、第１銀含有層２２と第２金属酸化物層２４との間及び第２銀含有層２５と第３金属酸化物層２６との間に、それぞれ、中間層２７、２７’をさらに備える。中間層は、金を含み、１ｎｍの厚みを有する。
中間層は、銀含有層の安定性と耐久性を増大し、銀含有層と金属酸化物層との界面における混合を回避する。
図３は、赤外線反射積層構造３０のさらに他の実施形態を示している。中間層３７、３７’及び３９、３９’が、銀含有金属層３３、３５の両側に堆積されている。これらの中間層は、金又は１０質量％の銀を含む金を含んでいる。中間層は、１ｎｍの厚みを有している。
図５は、スペクトル選択性日照制御窓フィルム５０の断面を示す。この窓フィルム５０は、
例えば架橋アクリレートを含む硬質被覆上層５２と、
例えば２３μｍの厚みを有する第１ＰＥＴフィルム５３と、
本発明による層状構造５４と、
第１接着層５５と、
例えば、２３μｍの厚みを有する第２ＰＥＴフィルム５６と、
第２接着層５７と、
ガラス層５８と
を備えている。
例えば架橋アクリレートを含む硬質被覆上層５２と、
例えば２３μｍの厚みを有する第１ＰＥＴフィルム５３と、
本発明による層状構造５４と、
第１接着層５５と、
例えば、２３μｍの厚みを有する第２ＰＥＴフィルム５６と、
第２接着層５７と、
ガラス層５８と
を備えている。
図５は、一連の異なる層を示している。異なる層の厚みは、実際の厚みと比例して描かれていない。
図６は、自動車用の窓ガラスの断面を示す。この窓ガラスは、
第１ガラス層６２と、
例えば３７５μｍの厚みを有するＰＶＢ層を含む第１接着層６３と、
例えば５０μｍの厚みを有するＰＥＴフィルム６４と、
本発明による積層構造６５と、
例えば３７５μｍの厚みを有するＰＶＢ層を含む第２接着層６６と、
ガラス層６７
を備える。
第１ガラス層６２と、
例えば３７５μｍの厚みを有するＰＶＢ層を含む第１接着層６３と、
例えば５０μｍの厚みを有するＰＥＴフィルム６４と、
本発明による積層構造６５と、
例えば３７５μｍの厚みを有するＰＶＢ層を含む第２接着層６６と、
ガラス層６７
を備える。
図５に示されるスペクトル選択性日射制御窓の光学特性が、表１に示される。
図５に示されるようなスペクトル選択性日射制御窓の透過率Ｔ（単位：％）が、ＵＶ、可視光線、及び近赤外線に対して図７に示される。
図５に示されるようなスペクトル選択性日射制御窓フィルムの反射率Ｒ（単位：％）が、図８に示される。反射率は、ガラス側（ライン８２）とフィルム側（ライン８４）において測定される。
本発明によるこの赤外線反射構造は、高い可視光線透過率（ＶＬＴ）を、低い可視光線反射率及び低い太陽熱利得係数（ＳＨＧＣ）と組合せる。この構造は、さらに中間色（ニュートラルカラー）によって特徴付けられる。
当技術分野において知られている赤外線反射積層構造は、所望する低い太陽熱利得係数を得るために、３つの銀含有層を必要とする。本発明による積層構造は、２つのみの銀含有層によって、低い太陽熱利得係数を有する。この銀含有層の数の低減は、可視光線透過率に好ましい影響を及ぼす。
図９及び１０において、図５に示されるようなスペクトル選択性日照制御窓フィルムの透過率と反射率が、２つの他のフィルム、すなわち、フィルムＡ及びフィルムＢと比較される。図９において、本発明によるスペクトル選択性日照制御窓フィルムの透過率はライン９２によって示され、フィルムＡの透過率はライン９４によって示され、フィルムＢの透過率はライン９６によって示される。図１０において、本発明によるスペクトル選択性日照制御窓フィルムの反射率はライン１０２によって示され、フィルムＡの反射率はライン１０４によって示され、フィルムＢの反射率はライン１０６によって示される。
フィルムＡは、Ｉｎ2Ｏ3層とＡｇＡｕ層の交互の層、すなわち、Ｉｎ2Ｏ3層／ＡｇＡｕ合金層／Ｉｎ2Ｏ3層／ＡｇＡｕ合金層／Ｉｎ2Ｏ3層／ＡｇＡｕ合金層／Ｉｎ2Ｏ3層を含んでなる。
フィルムＢは、ＳｎＯ2層とＡｇ層の交互の層、すなわち、ＳｎＯ2層／銀層／ＳｎＯ2層／銀層／ＳｎＯ2層を含んでなる。
図９から、本発明による構造の可視光線透過率（ＶＬＴ）は、フィルムＡのＶＬＴと殆ど等しいことが結論付けられる。これは、本発明による構造の場合、所望のＶＬＴは２つのみの銀含有層によって得られるが、フィルムＡの構造は３つの銀含有層を必要とすることを意味している。図１０から、本発明による構造の赤外線の反射は、フィルムＢの構造の赤外線の反射よりも高いことが結論付けられる。
Claims (7)
- 透明な基板層と、
第１金属酸化物層と、
第１銀含有層と、
第２金属酸化物層と、
第２銀含有層と、
第３金属酸化物層と
を備え、前記第１、第２、及び第３金属酸化物層が、５００ｎｍの波長において少なくとも２．４０の屈折率を有し、ガラスに積層された前記層状構造が、７０％よりも高い可視光線透過率（ＶＬＴ）と０．４４よりも低い太陽熱利得係数（ＳＨＧＣ）を有する赤外線反射積層構造であって、
前記積層構造が、少なくとも１つの中間層を含み、該中間層が、銀含有層と金属酸化物層との間及び／又は金属酸化物層と銀含有層との間に位置し、金を含む積層構造。 - 前記積層構造が、１．６０よりも高い日照利得に対する光の比率（ＬＳＧ比）を有する請求項１に記載の積層構造。
- 前記金属酸化物層が、ＴｉＯ2を含む請求項１又は２に記載の積層構造。
- 前記ＴｉＯ2が、主にルチル相から成る請求項３に記載の積層構造。
- 前記第１及び第２銀含有層が、１０〜２５ｎｍの厚みを有する請求項１〜４のいずれかに記載の積層構造。
- 前記第１、第２及び第３金属酸化物層が、２５〜７０ｎｍの厚みを有する請求項１〜５のいずれかに記載の積層構造。
- 請求項１〜６のいずれかに記載の積層構造の透明ヒートミラーとして使用。
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| WO2000040402A1 (fr) * | 1998-12-28 | 2000-07-13 | Asahi Glass Company, Limited | Produit en couches |
| JP2000294980A (ja) * | 1999-04-06 | 2000-10-20 | Nippon Sheet Glass Co Ltd | 透光性電磁波フィルタおよびその製造方法 |
| US20020136905A1 (en) * | 1999-11-24 | 2002-09-26 | Medwick Paul A. | Low shading coefficient and low emissivity coatings and coated articles |
-
2003
- 2003-10-23 DE DE60305730T patent/DE60305730T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-10-23 JP JP2004549171A patent/JP4426972B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-10-23 PT PT03810453T patent/PT1558950E/pt unknown
- 2003-10-23 US US10/533,890 patent/US7709095B2/en active Active
- 2003-10-23 KR KR1020057007956A patent/KR20050084671A/ko active Search and Examination
- 2003-10-23 AU AU2003301830A patent/AU2003301830A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2003-10-23 AT AT03810453T patent/ATE328297T1/de active
- 2003-10-23 DK DK03810453T patent/DK1558950T3/da active
- 2003-10-23 WO PCT/EP2003/050750 patent/WO2004042436A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2003-10-23 EP EP03810453A patent/EP1558950B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-10-23 CN CNB2003801023481A patent/CN100343701C/zh not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-10-23 ES ES03810453T patent/ES2263067T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-10-23 AU AU2003288275A patent/AU2003288275A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2003-10-23 WO PCT/EP2003/050747 patent/WO2004042435A1/en active IP Right Grant
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US20060057399A1 (en) | 2006-03-16 |
| AU2003288275A1 (en) | 2004-06-07 |
| KR20050084671A (ko) | 2005-08-26 |
| AU2003301830A1 (en) | 2004-06-07 |
| EP1558950B1 (en) | 2006-05-31 |
| ATE328297T1 (de) | 2006-06-15 |
| CN100343701C (zh) | 2007-10-17 |
| EP1558950A1 (en) | 2005-08-03 |
| WO2004042435A1 (en) | 2004-05-21 |
| US7709095B2 (en) | 2010-05-04 |
| JP2006505811A (ja) | 2006-02-16 |
| DE60305730T2 (de) | 2007-05-31 |
| CN1708700A (zh) | 2005-12-14 |
| DK1558950T3 (da) | 2006-08-14 |
| PT1558950E (pt) | 2006-08-31 |
| DE60305730D1 (de) | 2006-07-06 |
| WO2004042436A1 (en) | 2004-05-21 |
| ES2263067T3 (es) | 2006-12-01 |
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