JP4423639B2 - Tillage nail - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a tilling nail that cultivates soil.

  As the shape of the conventional tillage nail, there was a plan view and a side view shape as shown in FIG. 6 (however, the surface having the normal direction to the axial direction of the rotary nail shaft is a side surface). Most of these are constituted by straight flat portions from the vertical blade portion 20 to the horizontal blade portion 30, and only the tip portion is bent.

  However, as shown in FIG. 6, the conventional nail has only a distal end bending, and there is a limit to increasing the radius of curvature of the bending. Since the side folds are formed abruptly (that is, due to a small fold radius and a large change in curvature), when placing into the soil, a sudden stress concentration acts near the folds, accompanied by large load fluctuations. It was poor in tillage and release. Moreover, as shown in the right figure of FIG. 4, the curved part of the front end side blade part 30 was worn out early. In addition, the heel is easily caught at the tip, which causes winding and has a problem with squeezing.

  In addition, there is a tilling claw that is formed so that the vertical blade portion is gradually widened and thinned from the base portion to the horizontal blade portion, and gradually bends to the side and becomes a larger radius of curvature as it approaches the tip (for example, patent) References 1 and 2).

However, in such a tilling nail, there is a case where an appropriate bending (elastic deformation) of the nail is difficult to occur in a state where a load is applied at the time of tilling, and thus vibration is generated during tilling. As a result, there were cases where problems were caused in tillage and release.
Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 2-83701 Japanese Utility Model No. 2-3001

  Therefore, when driving into the soil, the stress concentration acting on the bent part and the load fluctuation caused by the stress can be suppressed, and the vibration of tillage can be reduced. It is an object of the present invention to provide a tilling nail having excellent squeezing property, in which the bent portion of the tip is less likely to be worn by use, and further, winding of a ridge or the like hardly occurs near the tip.

  In order to solve the above problems, the following means (1) to (5) are employed in the present invention.

(1) That is, the tilling claw of the present invention includes an attachment base 1 attached to the rotary claw shaft S, and a vertical blade portion 2 made of a flat plate extending from the attachment base 1 to a curved start portion F extending vertically downward. In the cultivation claw in which the horizontal blade portion 3 made of a curved plate extending continuously from the vertical blade portion 2 with the bending start portion F as a boundary, is configured integrally.
When the surface having the rotation axis S ₀ of the rotation claw axis S as a normal is a side surface,
In this side view, the curve starting horizontal distance L from the vertical line passing through the mounting center of the mounting base 1 (to the rotating claw shaft S) to the edge of the curved starting part F is based on the surface of the mounting base in plan view. Smaller than the minimum curvature radius r ₁ which is the minimum value of the curvature radius r of the curved plate that is bent in one direction ,
The blade edge from the rotation axis S ₀ of the rotary claw shaft S in the side-view edge shape from the blade edge starting end O, which is the horizontal start portion of the vertical blade portion blade edge, to the lateral tip position Q of the horizontal blade portion blade edge. The distance R is continuously changed so as to be the maximum blade edge distance R _{2 at} the midway position of the blade edge of the horizontal blade portion 3.

  If it is such, it will have good tillage and release characteristics while the shape change of the tip is gradual, and rapid stress concentration is unlikely to occur and the occurrence of vibration during tillage can be suppressed.

(2) Moreover, in the said tilling nail, when the side surface on the opposite side to the bending direction of the curved plate bent in one side surface direction is used as a reference surface among the both side surfaces of the mounting base portion 1, the mounting base portion 1 is mounted in a side view. the curved start horizontal distance L from the vertical line component passing through the center to the knife-edge of the curved start portion F, the minimum curved ratio L / r ₁ for the radius of curvature r ₁ is,
Said curved height h from the reference plane at the maximum cutting edge distance R ₂ to become blade edge position, and the ratio h / H for all curved height H, it is preferable to or approximate the same.

(3) Further, in any one of the tilling claws, the mounting base 1 is attached to the rotating claw shaft S by the mounting hole 1h, and in side view,
The vertical distance from the lowermost edge of the tilling claw to the lateral tip position Q of the side blade edge is defined as a tillage escape length A,
The horizontal distance from the vertical line passing through the mounting center of the mounting hole 1h to the lateral tip position Q of the side blade edge is defined as the total lateral length B,
When the vertical distance from the mounting center of the mounting hole 1h to the lowest edge of the tilling claw is the total length C,
It is preferable that the ratio of the tillage escape length A, the total lateral length B, and the total vertical length C is 1 to 3 to 4 to 2 to 3.

(4) In any one of the tilling claws, the maximum cutting edge distance R ₂ from the axis of rotation S ₀ of the rotating pawl shaft S is, the tip blade edge distance R ₃ in the lateral end position Q of Yokoha portion cutting edge Is more than 2% (that is, the maximum blade edge distance R ₂ ≧ tip blade edge distance R ₃ × 1.02 is satisfied).

  In such cases, the horizontal length L of the vertical blade portion is relatively small, and the curvature radius r is relatively large. Thereby, a bending part acts in steps at the time of driving into soil, a load fluctuation becomes small, and plowing property and releasing property become good.

  Moreover, generation | occurrence | production of extreme stress concentration can be avoided, and since soil flows along the inner side of a horizontal blade part at the time of tillage with low vibration, surface wear advances and durability improves.

  In addition, the gentle folding suppresses catching and wrapping of wrinkles and the like, and the squeezing property is improved.

  (5) Further, in any one of the tilling claws, a step portion 4 is provided in a side surface direction opposite to the bending direction when viewed from the reference surface by a notch extending over the entire upper edge of the horizontal blade portion. Is preferred.

  If it is such, the dynamic elastic function of the whole nail | claw will become moderate with the change of the thickness of an up-down direction, and the deflection | deviation suitable for achieving a tilling function will be obtained.

  In particular, since the step portion is provided on the side opposite to the plowing surface, it is possible to prevent the step portion from being locally thinned by the plowing operation. Moreover, even if the thickness of the bent portion is relatively thin and the step portion is relatively small, the function of the step portion can be easily maintained up to the use limit. By these, the deflection | deviation at the time of driving into soil is obtained as a more appropriate thing.

  The present invention is configured as described above, so that it is possible to suppress fluctuations in the load of the bent portion and reduce tillage vibration when driven into the soil, and plow and release by the occurrence of moderate deflection. Even if it is used, the bent portion of the tip is less likely to be worn, and further, wrapping of the hook or the like is unlikely to occur near the tip, resulting in a tilling claw having excellent squeezing properties.

  Hereinafter, the best mode for carrying out the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings showing the embodiments. 1 to 3 show a tilling claw according to a first embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 4 shows a comparative example of the tilling claw of Example 1 and a conventional tilling claw. FIG. 5 shows the tilling nail of the second embodiment. In addition, FIG. 6 is explanatory drawing which shows the example of a shape of the conventional tillage nail | claw.

  In the drawings and the following description, a surface that faces the rotation trajectory of the rotary claw shaft S, that is, a surface that is normal to the rotation axis of the rotary claw shaft S is defined as a side surface, and the vertical blade portion extends vertically downward on this side surface. Then, the surface facing the extending direction in which the horizontal blade portion extends in the horizontal direction from the vertical blade portion is defined as the front direction. In addition, in the following Example, it curves in the right direction by the front view (not shown) observed from the front direction. In addition, as shown in the lower diagrams of FIGS. 1, 5, and 6, it is bent in the front direction as viewed from the right side. Further, it is bent in the rearward direction when viewed from the left side as shown in FIG.

  The tilling claw of the present embodiment basically has an attachment base 1 attached to the rotary claw shaft S, a vertical blade part 2 extending vertically downward from the attachment base 1, and a bending start part F from the vertical blade part 2. And the horizontal blade portion 3 extending continuously from each other as a boundary. The attachment base 1 and the vertical blade 2 are made of a flat plate, and the horizontal blade 3 is a curved plate.

(Mounting base 1)
The attachment base 1 is attached by being attached to the rotary claw shaft S at the attachment center. At the attachment center, an attachment hole 1h for attachment to the rotary claw shaft S is provided at the center in the side view width direction. That is, the center of the attachment hole 1h in the side view is the attachment center. One or a plurality of attachment holes 1h may be provided. In the case of a plurality of attachment holes 1h, the attachment center can be the center of the lowest attachment hole 1h in a side view or the center of the attachment hole 1h at the center in the vertical direction.

  Moreover, let the side surface on the opposite side to a bending direction among the both sides | surfaces of the attachment base 1 be a reference plane (refer the upper figure of FIG. 1). As shown in the upper diagram of FIG. 1, this reference plane serves as a reference for the bending height h or the total bending height H in plan view.

(Vertical blade part 2)
The vertical blade portion 2 is a flat plate within one reference plane, and refers to a region from the mounting base 1 to the bent start portion F that extends vertically downward and extends mainly in the vertical direction. The flat plate has a lower side edge and a blade continuous with the lower edge. The side view shape of the vertical blade portion mainly extends in the vertical direction while bending in the horizontal direction (leftward in FIG. 1) from the blade edge starting end O which is the horizontal direction start portion of the vertical blade portion blade edge. The side edge shape of the vertical blade portion 2 is smoothly bent from the blade edge starting end O in the oblique direction in the side view (FIG. 1).

(Horizontal blade 3)
The horizontal blade portion 3 refers to the entire region from the bending start portion F to the tip, and is composed of an all-curved plate that is continuously bent to one side with respect to the reference plane. This all-curved plate also has a curved shape that bends upward toward the tip in a side view. That is, it is continuous with the vertical blade portion 2 at the bending start portion F, extends mainly in the lateral direction in a side view, bends upward, and further bends in a plan view.

(Relationship between the curve starting horizontal distance L and the minimum curvature radius r ₁ )
When the surface normal to the rotation axis of the rotary claw shaft S is taken as the side surface, the curve start horizontal from the vertical line passing through the attachment center of the attachment hole 1h of the attachment base 1 in this side view to the blade edge of the curve start portion F is shown. the distance L is smaller than the minimum bend radius of curvature r ₁ is the minimum value of the curvature radius of curvature r. Furthermore, the ratio L / r ₁ with the minimum curvature radius r ₁ to the side of the side blade portion is 0.51 to 0.69 (0.6 ± 15%), which is close to 0.6 It is supposed to be. For example, in the present embodiment, when the maximum blade edge distance R ₂ from the rotation axis S ₀ is set as the rotation radius, for each size of the rotation radius of 225 mm, 245 mm, and 255 mm, the curve start horizontal distance L and the minimum curvature are obtained. The ratio L / r ₁ to the radius r ₁ is 0.54, 0.64, and 0.69, respectively.

(Ratio between the overall shape of the side view and the tillage clearance length)
The overall shape of the side view of this embodiment is that the vertical distance from the lowermost edge of the tillage claw (FIG. 1) to the lateral tip position Q of the side blade edge is the tillage relief length A, and the mounting hole 1h The horizontal distance from the vertical line passing through the mounting center to the horizontal tip position Q of the blade edge is defined as the total horizontal length B, and the vertical distance from the mounting center of the mounting hole 1h to the lowest edge of the tilling claw is the total vertical length. When it is set as C, the ratio of the tillage escape length A, the total lateral length B, and the total vertical length C is 1 to 3 to 4 to 2 to 3.

  The ratio of the tillage escape length A, the total lateral length B, and the total vertical length C is preferably 1 to 3.2 to 3.9 to 2.2 to 2.5. For example, in this embodiment, A: B: C = 1: 3.2: 2.1 for a rotation radius of 225 mm, 1: 3.4: 2.2 for a rotation radius of 245 mm, and for a rotation radius of 255 mm. 1: 3.9: 2.5.

(Side view edge shape)
The blade edge shape from the blade edge starting edge O, which is the horizontal direction start part of the vertical blade part edge, to the horizontal tip position Q of the horizontal blade part blade edge, is continuously non-circular, with the curvature continuously changed. It consists of a curve. In addition, if this curve is a noncircular arc as a whole, a plurality of circular arc curves may be connected.

When the distance from the rotation axis S ₀ of the rotary claw shaft S to an arbitrary lower edge of the blade edge is set as the blade edge distance R, the blade edge distance R continuously changes in accordance with the lateral position of the blade edge lower end in a side view. In addition, in the edge of the horizontal blade portion 3 extending in the lateral direction when viewed from the side, the maximum edge distance R ₂ is obtained at the midway position in the horizontal direction. The blade edge positions of the horizontal blade portion 3 serving as the maximum cutting edge distance R _2, the maximum cutting edge position P.

Specifically, as shown in FIG. 1, the maximum blade edge distance R ₂ from the rotation axis S ₀ to the maximum blade edge position P, and the rotation edge S ₀ to the lateral tip position Q of the horizontal blade edge. When the difference from the leading edge edge distance R ₃ is the turning radius insertion length J (that is, (maximum cutting edge distance R ₂ ) − (tip edge edge distance R ₃ ) = (turning radius insertion length J)) ), The ratio J / R of the turning radius insertion length J to the turning radius R of the rotating claw shaft S is 0.02 or more.

  The vertical vertical length of the blade portion is approximately E / C = 0.5 or more when the length from the blade starting position in the vertical blade portion to the lowest part of the claw is the blade vertical length E, preferably 0.53 or more.

  The blade width is such that the relationship between the maximum width K and the blade width D in the side blade portion is D / K = 0.2 to 0.3, more specifically D / K = 0.22 to 0.25.

  In the first embodiment, as shown in the cross-sectional view of FIG. 3, the double-blade claw is formed with blades from both sides, but a single-blade claw having a blade formed only on one side may be used. The single blade may be provided on either side surface, but it may be desirable to provide it on the side surface in the bending direction.

(Deflection)
In the present invention, the deflection refers to elastic deformation of the vertical blade portion 2 and the horizontal blade portion 3 of the nail when the tilling nail is driven into the soil. Normally, when the soil is driven, if the horizontal blade portion 3 is not deflected, the vertical blade portion 2 alone absorbs the tillage resistance, so that the vertical blade portion 2 is liable to be permanently deformed and the intended tillage performance is not exhibited. That is, the optimum deflection refers to a deflection in which the vertical blade portion 2 and the horizontal blade portion 3 disperse and absorb tillage resistance and cause elastic deformation in the entire nail.

(How soil flows)
In the present invention, the soil flow means that the tilling claw is attached to the rotary claw shaft S and the soil is moved by the vertical blade portion 2 when rotating while moving in a direction perpendicular to the rotation axis S ₀ direction of the rotary claw shaft S. Although it is crushed and the soil is reversed and released by the horizontal blade portion 3, it means the movement of the soil with respect to the tilling nail in such a state.

(Fold)
The horizontal blade portion 3 is bent in one direction by combining one or a plurality of different bending radii. That is, the curvature of the attachment base (base end) side and the curvature of the side blade tip (claw tip) side are differently and smoothly formed adjacent to each other. It is preferable that the bending radius is larger on the attachment base (base end) side than on the side blade tip (claw tip) side.

As shown in FIG. 1, curved height h from the reference plane at the cutting edge position of the lateral edge portion 3 of the rotation radius R of the rotary pawl shaft S is the maximum value R ₂ (maximum blade edge position P) is horizontal edge It reaches more than half of the total bending height H at the lateral tip position Q of the part edge. That is, h ≧ H / 2 holds.

(Approximation between L / R ₁ and h / H)
In this embodiment, the ratio h / H of the height h of curvature from the reference surface at the maximum edge position P where the rotation radius R of the rotary claw shaft S is the maximum value R2 to the total curvature height H is common to all sizes. 0.66, and “the minimum curvature radius r which is the minimum value of the curvature radius r of the curvature starting horizontal distance L from the vertical line segment passing through the center of the claw mounting base to the edge of the curvature start portion. the ratio "L / _{r 1} for _1, approximated by" 0.2 difference (preferably 0.1) less than "or" difference of less than ± 20%. " L / R ₁ and h / H may be the same.

(About the progress of wear)
The nail is worn by repeated contact with the soil along with the tillage work, but this wear does not cause the vertical blade portion 2 and the entire horizontal blade portion 3 to be uniformly worn. As shown in the drawing, the side curved portions of the vertical blade portion 2 and the horizontal blade portion 3 are unevenly worn, and wear progresses from the side curved portions. In addition, reversibility and radiation characteristics may be impaired. For this reason, if the life of the tilling nail is shortened and the number of replacements is increased, the tip part may be lost if the replacement time is delayed.

  In the present invention, the side bending start portion F is moved toward the mounting base 1 side to increase the area of the horizontal blade portion, and uneven wear is eliminated by surface wear of the horizontal blade portion 3 as a whole. As shown in the left diagram of FIG. 4, the wear (particularly, the shape change in the side view of the side blade portion 3) proceeds while maintaining the original tillage performance.

(Tip shape)
In the tilling claw of the first embodiment, the tip shape in the side view is a linear upper side and a side that are slightly inclined inwardly in the vertical direction 31 and the inclined horizontal side 32 slightly in the downward direction toward the rotation axis in the horizontal direction. It is formed by intersecting sides. The vertical side and the horizontal side intersect with each other substantially vertically in a side view.

  On the other hand, in the tilling nail of the second embodiment, as shown in FIG. 5, only the slanting vertical side 31 slightly inward in the vertical direction is gently bent in the horizontal direction toward the rotation axis at the upper part, and the entire continuous curve is smooth. The upper side consisting of is integrally formed.

(Step 4)
The tilling claw of the present embodiment is provided with a step portion 4 by a notch extending from the vicinity of the bent portion to the tip of the horizontal blade portion on the side opposite to the side curve of the horizontal blade portion along the upper edge of the horizontal blade portion. The step part 4 is good also as a thing covering the whole upper edge (from a curvature start part to a front-end | tip of a horizontal blade part) of a horizontal blade part.

In the step portion, the relationship between the maximum step width M and the maximum width K in the horizontal blade portion 3 is approximately M / K = 0.3, and the relationship between the horizontal blade portion thickness t ₁ and the step t ₂ is approximately t ₂ / t. ₁ = 0.1.

Tilling claws of the present invention, by providing the stepped portion 4 on the side opposite to the side curve side (tillage surface), a step t ₂ of the step portion 4 may be a measure of nail exchange. As a result, stable tilling work can be performed at all times, and the stepped parts are not lost by the tilling work as in the conventional stepped claws shown below.

  That is, there has conventionally been a claw in which a thin portion having a width of about 20 to 30 mm is provided on the back side of the horizontal blade portion, and a portion from the step portion toward the blade portion is relatively thick. Since the nail with the stepped portion indicates the use limit when the remaining width reaches the thin wall portion, the replacement time of the tilling nail can be determined.

However, when the use limit is determined from the remaining width of the nail, the conventional nail has a stepped portion on the side blade side side curved side, and the stepped portion may be locally thinned by tillage work. Further, in order to leave a stepped portion of the plow surface to use limit, it is necessary to give greater and a step t ₂ 1.5 mm or more, it is difficult to reduce the thickness of the Yokoha portion lateral curved side.

On the other hand, in the present invention, since the step 4 is provided on the side opposite to the plowing surface, the step does not decrease during plowing work. determining easily, also difficult locally stepped portion becomes thin by tilling by use, also reduces the level difference t ₂ while having a step portion 4 to about 0.5 mm, Yokoha portion side curved It became possible to reduce the thickness of the side and the tip.

  Moreover, when cultivating a farm field, there is little tillage resistance with soil, loss of horsepower is reduced, and work can be performed efficiently. In addition, the width and thickness of the parts that do not affect the reversal and release of the soil are appropriate widths and thicknesses, so that not only the weight of the tilling nail and the saving of materials, but also the deflection of the entire nail during tilling is optimal. It is a thing.

  The tillage nail of the above-described embodiment is improved in wear resistance due to the progress of surface wear with the optimum shape. Further, since the optimum deflection occurs in the horizontal blade portion, and a strong bias stress is not easily generated on the vertical blade portion, the vertical blade portion is unlikely to be permanently deformed.

  In addition, the specific steps relating to the specific configuration and manufacturing method of each part are not limited to the above-described embodiments, and various modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the present invention.

  The tilling claws of each embodiment obtained in this way are fixed to the rotating claw shaft S, and a large number of tilling claws are arranged in parallel in the longitudinal direction of the rotary pipe constituting the rotating claw shaft S. And this rotary claw axis | shaft S is pulled by a tractor etc., rotating at high speed, and efficient tilling is performed.

It is the top view and right view of a tilling nail of Example 1 of the present invention. It is the left (opposite side to a bending direction) side view of the tilling nail of Example 1. It is II sectional drawing of the tilling nail | claw of Example 1 shown in FIG. It is side view comparison explanatory drawing which shows the abrasion process of the tilling nail (left figure) of Example 1, and a conventional nail | claw (right figure). It is the top view and right view of the tilling nail of Example 2. It is the top view and right view of the conventional tillage nail | claw.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Mounting base 1h Mounting hole 2 Vertical blade part 3 Horizontal blade part 31 Diagonal vertical side 32 Diagonal horizontal side 4 Step part A Tillage escape length B Total horizontal length C Total vertical length D Blade width E Blade vertical length F Curve start part H All Curved height h Curved height J Turning radius insertion length K Maximum width L at horizontal blade part Curved horizontal distance M Maximum step width O Blade edge start point P Maximum blade edge position Q Horizontal blade edge position R Edge distance R (radius of rotation)
R ₂ Maximum edge distance R ₃ Edge edge distance r Curvature radius r ₁ Minimum curvature radius S Rotating claw axis S ₀ Rotating axis t ₁ Horizontal blade thickness t ₂ Step

Claims (5)

A mounting base (1) mounted on the rotary claw shaft (S), a vertical blade (2) made of a flat plate extending from the mounting base (1) to the bent start portion (F) extending vertically downward; In the tilling nail in which the horizontal blade portion (3) composed of a curved plate extending continuously from the blade portion (2) with the bending start portion (F) as a boundary,
When the surface having the rotation axis (S ₀ ) of the rotation claw shaft (S) as the normal is the side surface,
The curvature start horizontal distance (L) from the vertical line passing through the attachment center of the attachment base (1) in this side view to the edge of the curvature start portion (F) is one direction with respect to the surface of the attachment base in plan view. Smaller than the minimum curvature radius (r ₁ ) that is the minimum value of the curvature radius (r) of the curved plate that is bent
The rotational axis of the rotary claw shaft (S) in the side-view edge shape from the blade edge starting end (O), which is the lateral start portion of the vertical blade portion blade edge, to the lateral tip position (Q) of the horizontal blade portion blade edge. The blade edge distance (R) from (S ₀ ) is continuously changed so as to be the maximum blade edge distance (R ₂ ) at the middle position of the blade edge of the horizontal blade portion (3). Cultivation nail to do. Of the side surfaces of the mounting base (1), when the side surface opposite to the bending direction of the curved plate bent in one side surface direction is used as a reference surface,
The ratio (L /) of the curve starting horizontal distance (L) from the vertical line passing through the mounting center of the mounting base (1) in the side view to the edge of the curve starting section (F) to the minimum curvature radius (r ₁ ). r ₁ ) is
The ratio (h / H) of the curvature height (h) from the reference surface at the edge position where the maximum edge distance (R ₂ ) is the same as or approximate to the total curvature height (H). The tilling nail according to claim 1. The mounting base (1) is attached to the rotating claw shaft (S) by the mounting hole (1h), and in side view,
The vertical distance from the lowest edge of the tilling nail to the lateral tip position (Q) of the blade edge is defined as the tillage escape length (A),
The horizontal distance from the vertical line passing through the mounting center of the mounting hole (1h) to the lateral tip position (Q) of the side blade edge is defined as the total lateral length (B),
When the vertical distance from the mounting center of the mounting hole (1h) to the lowest edge of the tilling claw is the total vertical length (C),
The tilling nail according to claim 1 or 2, wherein a ratio of the tillage escape length (A), the total lateral length (B), and the total longitudinal length (C) is 1 to 3 to 4 to 2 to 3. The maximum blade edge distance (R ₂ ) from the rotation axis (S ₀ ) of the rotary claw shaft (S) is 2 more than the tip blade edge distance (R ₃ ) at the lateral tip position (Q) of the blade edge. The tilling nail according to any one of claims 1, 2, and 3, wherein the tilling nail is larger by at least%. The tillage according to any one of claims 1, 2, 3 and 4, wherein a step (4) is provided in a side surface direction opposite to the bending direction when viewed from the reference surface by a notch extending over the entire upper edge of the horizontal blade portion. claw.

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