JP4418886B2 - Exhaust treatment apparatus and exhaust treatment method for suction ventilation type compost manufacturing facility - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention is equipped in a suction-ventilated compost manufacturing facility that performs aeration inside a compost raw material deposited in a compost fermenter by suction from the compost fermenter, and is exhausted from the compost fermenter by suction. The present invention relates to an exhaust treatment apparatus that recovers fertilizer components and enables effective use of exhaust heat in the process of deodorizing the gas, and an exhaust treatment method using the exhaust treatment apparatus.

  In composting processing of compost raw materials such as livestock manure, processing for aerobic fermentation by aeration in the compost raw materials is generally performed. This composting process by aerobic fermentation provides sterilization and weed seed killing effects by raising the temperature of the raw materials accompanying fermentation, and also provides weight reduction and volume reduction effects by water evaporation and organic substance decomposition, so it is hygienic at low cost. It is possible to produce compost with good target and hand linkability.

  In order to promote aerobic fermentation, it is common to perform agitation and turning over to expose the interior of the compost raw material to the atmosphere, but in addition, actively ventilate the compost raw material using a blower or the like. The number of facilities equipped with equipment is increasing. At this time, as a ventilation system, a pressurized air is sent into the compost raw material by a blower or the like, and air is sucked in from the bottom of the fermenter where the compost raw material is deposited with a suction fan or the like from above into the compost raw material. There is a suction ventilation type that forms a ventilation path directed downward.

  In the existing facilities, the former pumping ventilation method is the mainstream, but according to this, a large amount of odor mainly composed of ammonia is diffused from the compost raw material surface, so it is equipped with a deodorizing device to prevent malodors In order to do so, a large-scale apparatus for collecting and treating a large amount of odor diluted with air is required. On the other hand, the above-described suction ventilation type has the advantage of enabling efficient deodorization because odors can be collected and exhausted by suction, but since high-concentration odor components are contained in the exhaust, it is processed. Therefore, a deodorizing device having a high deodorizing capacity is required.

  Patent Document 1 listed below shows a suction ventilation type composting apparatus. According to this, as shown in FIG. 1, the suction pipe J2 is arranged at the bottom of the fermenter J1 on which the compost raw material is deposited, and the suction vent introduced into the compost raw material from above is sucked by the suction by the suction fan J9. It is drawn into the pipe J3 and exhausted from the exhaust port of the suction fan J9 through the first drain trap J3, ammonia trap J5, and second drain trap J7 connected by the vent pipes J4, J6, J8. . Here, the first drain trap J3 and the second drain trap J7 have a function of collecting sap and condensed water entering the suction pipe J2, and the ammonia trap J5 allows the suction air to pass through the filler 5a. Thus, it has a function of adsorbing the ammonia component and recovering it as a solid fertilizer.

JP 2005-35811 A

  In such a conventional suction-air composting apparatus, deodorizing treatment is performed by absorbing and solidifying an ammonia component in a filler obtained by adding phosphoric acid to biomass such as sawdust and rice husk. However, in order to obtain a sufficient deodorizing function, it is necessary to increase the passage width of the filler layer, and there is a problem in that the output of the suction fan is increased with the increase in the size of the deodorizing device and the increase in the suction ventilation resistance. It was.

  Further, when a large amount of compost raw material is processed, it is necessary to frequently replace the filler, and there is a problem in maintainability until the composting process is completed. Furthermore, since the ammonia component absorbed and solidified by the filler becomes a solid fertilizer, its use is limited, and there is a problem that the fertilizer cannot be recovered in a highly versatile form.

  Also, since the suction ventilation flow rate is a set constant value, if the permeability of the fertilizer raw material is high or the outside air temperature is low, the ventilation rate will increase and the temperature of the fertilizer raw material will decrease, making it aerobic. There was also a problem that the progress of fermentation would be suppressed.

  In addition, when good aerobic fermentation is in progress, the exhaust from the fermenter will have heat that can be used for heating, etc., but even if you try to use it effectively, the progress of aerobic fermentation is suppressed. Then, in addition to the ammonia component that can be removed by the deodorizing device, gas components such as organic acids and hydrogen sulfide generated by anaerobic fermentation are included in the exhaust, so exhaust heat is directly used for indoor heating and the like. There was a problem that I could not.

  The present invention is for coping with such a problem, and when exhaust processing is performed in a suction aeration type compost manufacturing facility, sufficient deodorization can be achieved with small size and low energy consumption even when a large amount of compost raw material is processed. It is possible to maintain and maintain ammonia during continuous treatment, and to recover the ammonia component as a versatile liquid fertilizer.Furthermore, the composting process is continued while maintaining good aerobic fermentation. Enabling the effective use is an object of the present invention.

  In order to achieve such an object, the present invention has the following features.

  One is an exhaust treatment device installed in a suction-ventilation-type compost manufacturing facility that ventilates the compost raw material deposited in the compost fermenter by suction from the compost fermenter, and is provided in the compost fermenter. A water collection processing unit that performs a water collection process of exhaust gas discharged from the suction pipe, an ammonia component recovery unit that recovers an ammonia component from the exhaust gas processed by the water collection processing unit, and an ammonia component recovery unit. An exhaust heat utilization section into which the exhaust gas that has been recovered is introduced; an exhaust passage from the suction pipe to the exhaust heat utilization section through the water collection treatment section and the ammonia component recovery section; and the exhaust flow A suction means disposed in a path, and the ammonia component recovery unit is an airtight container storing a chemical solution for recovering and processing the ammonia component in the exhaust gas by a chemical reaction, and the exhaust gas flow to the exhaust heat utilization unit Of the chemical liquid tank communicated with the liquid level upper space of the chemical liquid, the exhaust gas supplied from the water collection processing unit via the exhaust flow path, and the chemical liquid A gas-liquid reaction chamber for performing a gas-liquid reaction, a chemical liquid circulating means for circulating the chemical liquid by supplying the chemical liquid from the chemical liquid tank to the gas-liquid reaction chamber, and a chemical liquid heating means for heating the chemical liquid in the chemical liquid tank And an exhaust air temperature sensor that detects an exhaust temperature in the exhaust passage upstream of the ammonia component recovery section, and that detects an exhaust temperature in the exhaust passage downstream of the ammonia component recovery section. An air temperature sensor is provided, and the chemical solution heating means is controlled so that the detected temperature of the exhaust temperature sensor approaches the detected temperature of the incoming air temperature sensor, and the compost raw material obtained based on the detected temperature of the incoming air temperature sensor Fermentation temperature Characterized in that it comprises a control means for controlling the output of said suction means so as to maintain the aerobic fermentation progress.

  In addition, in addition to the above-described features, the control unit may further include a pressure sensor that detects a pressure in the exhaust passage and an air amount sensor that detects an air amount in the exhaust passage, Obtain the heat flow of the exhaust from the detected temperature of the sensor and the detected value of the pressure sensor and the air volume sensor, the estimated value of the latent heat due to the heat of fermentation of the compost raw material, the temperature and humidity of the outside air, the heat release from the compost fermenter and evaporation The heat balance is estimated from the above, and the output of the suction means necessary for maintaining the compost raw material at a predetermined fermentation temperature is calculated.

  Moreover, one is provided with a turnover device for turning over the compost raw material in the compost fermenter at the upper part of the compost fermenter, and the control means is based on the detection value of the pressure sensor and / or the air volume sensor. Detecting an increase in suction resistance, estimating that the compost raw material is not ventilated, and controlling the operation of the turning-over device.

  In addition, in addition to the above-described features, the water tank further includes a water level sensor that detects a liquid level in the chemical tank, and the control means exceeds a set water level based on a detection value of the water level sensor. In this case, the chemical solution is heated by the chemical solution heating unit, and when the liquid level is lower than a set water level, the chemical solution heating unit is stopped.

  In addition, in addition to the above-described features, the exhaust gas concentration sensor further detects an exhaust gas concentration sensor in the exhaust passage downstream of the ammonia component recovery unit, and the control means includes the exhaust gas Based on the detection value of the concentration sensor, the circulation amount of the chemical solution circulation means is controlled so that the ammonia gas concentration in the exhaust gas is not more than a set value.

  In addition, in addition to the above-described features, in addition to the above-described features, a reversing device that performs a reversing process of the compost raw material in the compost fermenter is provided at the upper portion of the compost fermenter, and the control means detects a value detected by the exhaust gas concentration sensor On the basis of the above, when a gas component generated by anaerobic fermentation is detected in the exhaust gas above a set value, the switching device is operated and the output of the suction means is controlled.

  In addition, in addition to the above-described features, the exhaust heat utilization unit includes a heat utilization chamber and a soil tank formed under the heat utilization chamber, and the discharge end of the exhaust passage is connected to the soil. It arrange | positions in the lower layer of a tank, The exhaust_gas | exhaustion from the said discharge end is guide | induced to the said heat utilization chamber through the said soil tank.

  Further, it is an exhaust processing method of a suction aeration type compost manufacturing facility in which ventilation inside the compost raw material accumulated in the compost fermenter is performed by suction from the compost fermenter, which is connected to a suction pipe provided in the compost fermenter A suction ventilation process for providing suction ventilation according to the output of the suction means, a water collection treatment process for collecting water discharged from the suction pipe, and An ammonia component recovery step for recovering ammonia component from the exhaust gas treated in the water treatment step; and an exhaust heat utilization step for utilizing heat of the exhaust gas recovered in the ammonia component recovery step. The component recovery step is performed by a gas-liquid reaction between the exhaust gas and a chemical solution that recovers and processes the ammonia component in the exhaust gas through a chemical reaction, and detects the exhaust temperature before the ammonia component recovery step. In addition, the exhaust temperature after the ammonia component recovery step is detected, and the chemical solution heating means for heating the chemical solution is controlled so that the exhaust temperature after the ammonia component recovery step approaches the exhaust temperature before the ammonia component recovery step. In addition, the output of the suction means is controlled so that the fermentation temperature of the compost raw material obtained based on the exhaust temperature before the ammonia component recovery step is maintained in the aerobic fermentation progress state.

  In addition, in addition to the above-described features of the exhaust treatment method, a reversing device for performing a reversing process of the compost raw material in the compost fermenter is provided on the upper portion of the compost fermenter, and the exhaust passage after the ammonia recovery step When the gas component generated by anaerobic fermentation in the exhaust gas is detected above a set value based on the detected value of the gas component concentration, the switching device is operated and the The output of the suction means is controlled.

  According to such a feature, in the case of exhaust processing at a suction aeration type compost manufacturing facility, even when a large amount of compost raw material is processed, sufficient deodorization is possible with small size and low energy consumption, and maintenance performance during continuous processing is improved. Well, the ammonia component can be recovered as a versatile liquid fertilizer. Furthermore, the composting process can be continued while maintaining good aerobic fermentation, and the exhaust heat can be effectively used.

  Embodiments of the present invention will be described below. FIG. 2 is an explanatory view for explaining an exhaust treatment device of a suction-air compost manufacturing facility according to an embodiment of the present invention.

  The suction aeration type compost manufacturing facility has a suction pipe 2 at the bottom of the compost fermenter 1, a suction port 2 </ b> A is formed at every predetermined interval of the suction pipe 2, and a compost fermenter is provided by suction aeration through the suction pipe 2. An aeration path extending from the upper side to the lower side is formed in the compost raw material M such as livestock manure accumulated in 1. In the embodiment shown here, the compost fermenter 1 is an upwardly open tank and extends along a predetermined direction, and a plurality of suction tubes 2 are arranged at predetermined intervals in a direction orthogonal to the extending direction. These suction pipes 2 are connected in parallel and connected to an exhaust passage which will be described later.

  Moreover, the upper part of the compost fermenter 1 is equipped with a crane-type compost reversing device 9, and the compost reversing device 9 moves along the longitudinal direction of the compost fermenter 1 while compost raw material in the compost fermenter 1. M is turned back to move the deposition position.

Here, the suction port 2A has a large diameter of about 30 cm, and the suction port 2A is filled with a wood chip so as not to be clogged. Also, by dispersing the suction port 2A at a distance of 3 to 7m ^2, it is difficult for gravy juice that settles down by gravity to be collected in the suction port 2A, and drastically reduces the suction of the juice into the suction tube 2. ing. In addition, it is equipped with a crane-type compost turning device 9 so that the turning-over processing of the compost raw material M can be automated, and the batch-type transport processing for turning back the compost raw material M while moving it between the compost fermenters 1 divided into a plurality of sections. Since the predetermined location in the compost fermenter 1 can be emptied, the clogging removal process of the suction port 2A can be easily performed. Further, by drying the suction port 2A opened by the batch type conveyance process for about 1 to 2 days, it can be continuously used for a long time without clogging.

  The form of the compost fermenter 1 described here, the arrangement state of the suction pipe 2, the equipment of the turning-back device, etc. are merely examples, and the embodiment of the present invention is not particularly limited thereto. .

  The exhaust treatment apparatus according to the embodiment of the present invention includes a water collection processing unit 3, an ammonia component recovery unit 4, an exhaust heat utilization unit 5, a suction pipe 2 to a water collection processing unit 3, and an ammonia component recovery unit 4. To the exhaust heat utilization section 5 via the exhaust pipe 6 (exhaust flow path 6A connecting the suction pipe 2 and the water collection processing section 3, exhaust for connecting the water collection processing section 3 and the ammonia component recovery section 4 A flow path 6 </ b> B, an exhaust flow path 6 </ b> C connecting the ammonia component recovery unit 4 and the exhaust heat utilization unit 5), and a blower 7 as a suction means provided in the exhaust flow path 6. Moreover, the control part 10 which controls the action | operation of the ammonia component collection | recovery part 4, the action | operation of the air blower 7, and also the operation | movement of the switching device 9 as needed is provided.

  Here, the water collection processing unit 3 can be omitted when the moisture in the exhaust is low, and a filter for removing dust in the exhaust is provided instead of the water collection processing unit 3. May be. The exhaust passage 6 is provided with detection means 8 (an air temperature sensor 8A, an exhaust temperature sensor 8B, a pressure sensor 8C, an air volume sensor 8D, and an exhaust gas concentration sensor 8E) for detecting an exhaust state.

  Below, the structure of each part is demonstrated in detail.

[Water collection processing section]
The water collection processing unit 3 performs a water collection process for the exhaust gas discharged from the suction pipe 2, and is provided in the drain trap 30 and the drain trap 30 for primarily storing condensed water generated in the suction pipe 2 or the exhaust flow path 6 </ b> A. A drain tank 31 that collects and stores the accumulated water, and a drain sprinkler that sprays the water stored in the drain tank 31 onto the compost raw material surface in the compost fermenter 1.

  The downstream end of the exhaust flow path 6A connected to the end of the suction pipe 2 communicates with the upper space of the drain trap 30 formed of an airtight container. The upper space of the drain trap 30 is connected to the ammonia component recovery unit 4. The upstream end of the exhaust flow path 6B is connected. As a result, the dew condensation water generated in the suction pipe 2 or the exhaust passage 6A can be stored in the drain trap 30.

  In the embodiment of the present invention, the form of the suction port 2A described above can prevent the compost raw material M from entering into the suction pipe 2, and by mixing an appropriate amount of the auxiliary material into the compost raw material M. Since the amount of waste juice generated can be reduced, only a small amount of condensed water is accumulated in the drain trap 30. The drain trap 30 is provided with a full water sensor 30 </ b> A. When the water accumulated in the drain trap 30 exceeds a predetermined water level by the full water sensor 30 </ b> A, the water supply pump 30 </ b> B is activated to convey the accumulated water to the drain tank 31.

  Condensed water in which almost no soup is mixed is ammonia water with high transparency, and can be used as a fertilizer component by being applied back to the compost raw material M. Therefore, a full water sensor 31A is also provided in the drain tank 31, and when the water accumulated in the drain tank 31 reaches a predetermined amount, the full water sensor 31A detects it and issues an alarm. In addition, the water in the drain tank 31 is discharged. The water is fed into the water spray pipe 32 by the water feed pump 31B, and is hung back to the surface of the compost raw material M from the water spray nozzle 32A provided in the water spray pipe 32. At the time of watering, the three-way valve 34 is switched to allow only the flow toward the watering pipe 32.

  It is also possible to switch the three-way valve 33 to send water in the drain tank 31 to a separately provided drainage port (not shown). The operation of the water collection processing unit 3 can be automated by automatically operating the water supply pumps 30A and 30B by the detection of the full water sensors 30A and 31A.

  By adding the dew condensation water generated in the suction pipe 2 or the exhaust flow path 6A back onto the compost raw material M, it is possible to add the fertilizer component to the compost and to adjust the moisture when the compost raw material M is overdried. However, since the basic function of the water collection treatment unit 3 is to collect and store the condensed water by the drain trap 30 or the drain tank 31, the drain watering device comprising the water pump 31B, the watering pipe 32, the watering nozzle 32A and the like described above. Is an accessory configuration.

[Ammonia component recovery unit]
The ammonia component recovery unit 4 recovers the ammonia component from the exhaust gas processed by the water collection processing unit 3, and a chemical solution tank 40 including an airtight container storing a chemical solution for recovering and processing the ammonia component in the exhaust gas through a chemical reaction. The gas-liquid reaction chamber 41 for performing a gas-liquid reaction between the exhaust gas supplied from the water collection processing unit via the exhaust flow path 6B and the chemical solution, and supplying the chemical solution from the chemical solution tank 40 to the gas-liquid reaction chamber 41 A chemical solution circulation means (circulation pump 42, circulation path 43) for performing circulation and a chemical solution heater 44 that is a chemical solution heating means for heating the chemical solution in the chemical solution tank are provided.

  The chemical solution in the chemical solution tank 40 is an acidic solution such as phosphoric acid or sulfuric acid, and the gas-liquid reaction chamber 41 communicates with the liquid surface upper space 40A of the chemical solution tank 40 that is an airtight container, and the gas-liquid reaction chamber 41 is exhausted. The downstream end of the channel 6B communicates. Then, the chemical liquid is supplied to the gas-liquid reaction chamber 41 through the circulation path 43 by the circulation pump 42 connected to the bottom of the chemical liquid tank 40, and the supplied chemical liquid and the exhaust gas supplied from the exhaust flow path 6B are separated from each other. The ammonia component is recovered by reacting in the liquid reaction chamber 41. At this time, the three-way valve 45 has only a flow path from the circulation path 43 to the gas-liquid reaction chamber 41.

  In the gas-liquid reaction chamber 41, the chemical solution is sprinkled as fine droplets from above with a nozzle, and is slowed down as a fine droplet while passing through a staying layer in which resin nets are stacked in layers. The ammonia gas in the exhaust gas supplied from the side and phosphoric acid, sulfuric acid, etc. in the chemical solution chemically react to generate stable liquid fertilizer (ammonium phosphate, ammonium sulfate, etc.) and are collected in the chemical solution tank 40. The reaction between the ammonia gas and the acidic solution does not stay inside the gas-liquid reaction chamber 41, and the liquid level upper space 40A in which the fine droplets flowing down from the gas-liquid reaction chamber 41 are mixed and stirred with the exhaust flow, and the liquid level is The reaction is also promoted in the upper surface of the liquid surface where fine bubbles generated by being disturbed by the exhaust flow and fine droplets float over time.

  The chemical solution flowing down into the chemical solution tank 40 is circulated again by the circulation pump 42, and can be circulated and used until the chemical solution (acidic solution) loses its ability to react with ammonia. Further, the temperature of the chemical solution in the chemical solution tank 40 is controlled by a chemical solution heater 44 and controlled to a reference temperature set according to the output from the chemical solution temperature sensor 46 provided in the circulation path 43.

  The liquid surface upper space 40A of the chemical tank 40 communicates with the downstream end of the exhaust passage 6C reaching the exhaust heat utilization section 5, and the exhaust after the ammonia component recovery processing is performed on the exhaust passage 6C. It will be introduced into the exhaust heat utilization part 5 via.

[Control unit]
The control unit 10 detects detection signals 8a, 8b, and 8c from detection means 8 (an air temperature sensor 8A, an exhaust temperature sensor 8B, a pressure sensor 8C, an air volume sensor 8D, and an exhaust gas concentration sensor 8E) provided in the exhaust passage 6. , 8d, 8e and a detection signal 47a of the water level sensor 47 for detecting the chemical liquid level in the chemical tank 40, or a detection signal from an outside air temperature sensor (not shown) around the compost fermenter 1 is selected and input as necessary. Based on the input, the operation of the blower 7, the circulation pump 42, the chemical heater 44, and the switching device 9 is selectively controlled as necessary, and is incorporated in the control unit 10 as shown in FIG. The control program includes a chemical solution heating control unit 11, a suction force control unit 12, a chemical solution circulation control unit 13, and a switching device operation control unit 14.

  Here, the air temperature sensor 8 </ b> A detects the exhaust temperature in the exhaust flow path 6 </ b> B upstream of the ammonia component recovery unit 4, and the exhaust temperature sensor 8 </ b> B is downstream of the ammonia component recovery unit 4. The exhaust temperature in the exhaust passage 6C is detected, the pressure sensor 8C detects the pressure in the exhaust passage 6B, and the air volume sensor 8D detects the air volume in the exhaust passage 6B. The exhaust gas concentration sensor 8E detects the gas component concentration in the exhaust passage 6C on the downstream side of the ammonia component recovery unit 4.

  Hereinafter, various controls by the control unit 10 will be individually described. These controls are performed individually or in combination in all combinations, and the main control purpose thereof is the inside of the exhaust passage 6. Exhaust heat utilization unit 5 that appropriately recovers the ammonia component recovered from the exhaust as an effective liquid fertilizer and / or removes the ammonia component and other harmful components from the exhaust in the exhaust passage 6 and uses the exhaust itself. It is to enable effective heat utilization.

Chemical heating control means 11;
If crystals are generated after the reaction between the chemical liquid and ammonia gas, the chemical liquid cannot be circulated smoothly by the circulation pump 42 described above, and the exhaust treatment cannot be performed continuously and continuously. In order to prevent the formation of crystals, the concentration of the chemical solution may be lowered. However, since the deodorizing ability is lowered when the chemical solution concentration is lowered, in order to treat exhaust gas containing high-concentration ammonia gas by the suction aeration type. Requires an increase in the size of the gas-liquid reaction chamber 41 or an increase in the amount of circulation, making it impossible to obtain a deodorizing apparatus with a small size and low energy consumption. Moreover, since the exhaust gas processed by the ammonia component recovery unit 4 is saturated in humidity, dew condensation water may accumulate in the chemical tank 40, which causes a problem that the ammonia component concentration of the recovered liquid fertilizer is lowered. Arise.

  In order to cope with this, in the embodiment of the present invention, a chemical heater 44 is provided in the chemical tank 40, and the temperature difference between the intake and exhaust is constantly detected from the intake temperature sensor 8A and the exhaust temperature sensor 8B, and a predetermined temperature difference is detected. When this occurs, the chemical heater 44 is activated to increase the chemical temperature in the chemical tank 40. The exhaust gas supplied to the gas-liquid reaction chamber 41 receives the heat of the heated chemical solution, so that the exhaust gas temperature rises, and the detected temperature of the exhaust gas temperature sensor 8B approaches the detected temperature of the air temperature sensor 8A. The chemical heater 44 is controlled.

  According to this, since the chemical solution is maintained at a relatively high temperature, the solubility of the chemical solution is increased and crystals are hardly formed. As a result, a high-concentration chemical solution can be used, and the reaction rate between the ammonia gas and the chemical solution is improved by the synergistic effect of high temperature and high concentration, and the gas-liquid reaction chamber 41 can be downsized. Further, by eliminating the generation of crystals, the chemical solution circulating means can be continuously operated, and continuous and continuous treatment can be performed until the chemical solution loses the ammonia recovery capability. Furthermore, since the inside of the chemical tank 40 is controlled to be substantially the same as the exhaust temperature on the upstream side, it is difficult for dew condensation water to accumulate, and it is possible to prevent the ammonia component concentration of the recovered liquid fertilizer from decreasing.

  In addition to this control, the water level sensor 47 detects the water level in the chemical tank 40. If the water level tends to increase from the optimum water level, the chemical heater 44 heats the chemical solution and tends to decrease from the optimum water level. For example, the chemical water heater 44 is stopped to generate dew condensation water in the chemical tank 40 so that the optimum water level is maintained. That is, based on the detection value of the water level sensor 47, the control unit 10 performs control to heat the chemical solution by the chemical solution heater 44 when the set water level is exceeded and stop the chemical solution heater 44 when it is lower than the set water level. . Furthermore, control may be performed to issue an alarm when the water level detected by the water level sensor 47 exceeds a predetermined upper limit or falls below a lower limit.

Suction force control means 12;
When the air permeability with respect to the compost raw material M is too high, or when the outside air temperature is low, the temperature of the compost raw material M may be lowered due to excessive air flow and the fermentation may be suppressed. In addition, when the air permeability is low, aerobic fermentation cannot be promoted sufficiently. Thus, when proper aerobic fermentation cannot be continued with respect to the compost raw material M, gas components, such as an organic acid and hydrogen sulfide which generate | occur | produce by anaerobic fermentation, are contained in the exhaust_gas | exhaustion drawn in in the suction pipe 2. FIG. As a result, the exhaust heat utilization section 5 that directly uses the exhaust has an adverse effect.

  Therefore, in the embodiment of the present invention, the output of the blower 7 is controlled so that the fermentation temperature of the compost raw material M obtained based on the temperature detected by the air temperature sensor 8A is maintained in the aerobic fermentation progress state. Specifically, the heat flow sucked from the output values of the pressure sensor 8C, the air volume sensor 8D and the air temperature sensor 8A is obtained, and the amount of fermentation heat of the compost raw material M, the temperature and humidity of the outside air, the heat radiation from the peripheral surface of the fermentation tank, and evaporation. The heat balance is estimated from an estimated value such as latent heat, and the amount of air blown by the blower 7 for maintaining the compost raw material at a predetermined fermentation temperature is calculated.

  According to this, productivity of compost production is improved by promoting fermentation, and gas components such as organic acids and hydrogen sulfide generated by anaerobic fermentation are not included in the exhaust gas. The heat of the exhaust can be utilized.

Chemical solution circulation control means 13;
Further, an exhaust gas concentration sensor 8E is provided in the exhaust flow path 6C on the downstream side of the ammonia component recovery unit 4, and the recovery capability of the ammonia component recovery unit 4 based on the ammonia gas concentration in the exhaust gas detected thereby. To control. That is, based on the detection value of the exhaust gas concentration sensor 8E, the circulation amount of the circulation pump 42 is controlled so that the ammonia concentration in the exhaust gas is equal to or less than the set value.

  Further, if the ammonia concentration in the exhaust gas does not decrease even when the circulation amount is controlled, it can be determined that the ammonia component recovery capability of the chemical solution has decreased. Therefore, the ammonia concentration decreases after the circulation amount increase control by the circulation pump 42 occurs. It is also possible to detect that there is no detection and to perform a detection of detection of informing / notifying when to replace the chemical.

Switching device operation control means 14;
Further, based on the gas component concentration generated by the anaerobic fermentation in the exhaust gas detected by the exhaust gas concentration sensor 8E provided in the exhaust gas flow path 6C on the downstream side of the ammonia component recovery unit 4, the operation of the switching device 9 is performed. Control. Thereby, when a predetermined amount of gas component concentration generated by anaerobic fermentation is detected, aerobic fermentation is favorably promoted by actively turning back the compost raw material M. In addition, the output of the blower 7 is also controlled to maintain proper aerobic fermentation.

  Moreover, based on the detected value of the pressure sensor 8C and / or the air volume sensor 8D, an increase in the suction resistance is detected, and it is estimated that the inside of the compost raw material M is not ventilated, and the switching device 9 is operated. You can also According to this, generation | occurrence | production of gas, such as an organic acid and hydrogen sulfide which generate | occur | produces by anaerobic fermentation, can be prevented beforehand.

[Exhaust heat utilization part]
The exhaust heat utilization unit 5 may basically have any form as long as the exhaust heat can be efficiently utilized by utilizing the exhaust itself discharged from the exhaust passage 6C. FIG. 4 shows an example of the exhaust heat utilization unit 5. Here, a heat utilization chamber 50 and a soil tank 51 formed under the heat utilization chamber 50 are provided, and the discharge end of the exhaust passage 6C is arranged in the lower layer of the soil tank 51 and discharged through the soil tank 51. The exhaust from the end is guided to the heat utilization chamber 50. This soil tank 51 is for deodorizing a trace amount of odor contained in the exhaust gas.

  Further, as ancillary equipment, a damper 52 for branching and discarding a part of the exhaust, a heat exchanger 53 for giving heat of the exhaust to the outside air, and the outside air through the heat exchanger 53 into the heat utilization chamber 50 You may provide the air blower 54 grade | etc., To introduce.

  In the embodiment of the present invention, all the heated exhaust gas passing through the compost raw material M is collected by suction ventilation, and the ammonia component, which is the main component of the odor, is collected almost entirely by the ammonia component recovery unit 4. However, since the heating control by the chemical heater 44 is performed so that the exhaust temperature does not decrease, there is an advantage that a large amount of heat can be obtained by the high-temperature saturated steam with almost no odor.

  The heat utilization room 50 in this embodiment is used as a greenhouse for facility horticulture in the winter season, and is used for drying auxiliary materials used for ensuring the air permeability of the product compost and compost raw material M in the summer season or drying grass. Can do. For this purpose, the waste flow rate from the damper 52 and the amount of air blown by the blower 54 or the heat exchange rate in the heat exchanger 53 are appropriately controlled so that the dry hot air from the blower 54 and the wet hot air from the exhaust passage 6C. By controlling the flow rate ratio, the temperature and humidity in the heat utilization chamber 50 are controlled. When only dry hot air is required, the exhaust end of the exhaust passage 6C is directed to the outside of the soil tank 51, and all the wet hot air is directly discharged out of the heat utilization chamber 50. Moreover, when the temperature in the heat utilization chamber 50 is insufficient, it may be heated separately by a heater or the like.

[Exhaust treatment method]
In the treatment method using the exhaust treatment apparatus having such a configuration, a blower 7 serving as a suction means is provided in the exhaust passage 6 connected to the suction pipe 2 provided in the compost fermenter 1, and the output of the blower 7 is provided. Processed in the water collection treatment process in the water collection treatment process in which the water collection treatment unit 3 performs the water collection treatment of the exhaust gas discharged from the suction pipe 2, and the ammonia component recovery unit 4. An ammonia component recovery step for recovering the ammonia component from the exhaust gas, and an exhaust heat utilization step for using the heat of the exhaust gas that has been recovered and processed in the ammonia component recovery step and from which the ammonia component has been removed.

  In the suction ventilation process, air is drawn into the compost raw material M from above the compost raw material M in the compost fermenter 1 by the suction force of the blower 7, and the exhaust gas containing the odor component passing through the compost raw material M is sucked from the suction port 2A. It is drawn into the tube 2.

  And since the suction | attraction force of the air blower 7 is controlled by the control part 10 so that the fermentation temperature of the compost raw material M calculated | required based on the exhaust gas temperature before an ammonia component collection | recovery process is maintained in an aerobic fermentation progress state, compost The raw material M is properly aspirated and aerated in a state suitable for aerobic fermentation.

  In addition, since the composting material M is turned back by the turning-back device 9 by batch processing at predetermined time intervals, the inside of the composting material M can be sucked and vented without unevenness. Furthermore, since the operation of the switching device 9 is also controlled by the control unit 10, gas components such as organic acid and hydrogen sulfide generated by anaerobic fermentation are not included in the exhaust gas.

  In the water collection process, the exhaust gas drawn into the suction pipe 2 is guided to the upper space of the drain trap 30 through the exhaust passage 6A, and dew condensation water generated in the meantime is accumulated in the drain trap 30. When the drain trap 30 becomes full, the full sensor 30A detects this and activates the water pump 30B, and the water stored in the drain trap 30 is sent into the drain tank 31. Further, when the drain tank 31 becomes full, the full water sensor 31A detects this and activates the water pump 31B, and water accumulated from the water nozzle 32A is sprinkled on the compost raw material M via the water pipe 32. When a large amount of condensed water accumulates, the three-way valve 33 is switched to discharge the water in the drain tank 31 to a separately provided drainage port.

  In the ammonia component recovery step, the exhaust gas that has passed through the drain trap 30 via the exhaust passage 6B is guided to the gas-liquid reaction chamber 41, and the chemical liquid in the chemical liquid tank 40 is circulated and supplied to the gas-liquid reaction chamber 41, thereby The ammonia component and the acidic component of the chemical solution are chemically reacted to generate a stable liquid fertilizer, which is collected in the chemical solution tank 40.

  At this time, since the chemical solution heater 44 is controlled by the control unit 10, the chemical solution in the chemical solution tank 40 is heated to an appropriate temperature, and crystals are not generated in the chemical solution tank 40. Further, since the heated chemical liquid is in contact with the exhaust, the temperature of the exhaust is not lowered. Furthermore, since the circulation pump 42 is controlled by the control unit 10, an appropriate amount of chemical solution is supplied to the exhaust, and the high-concentration ammonia component in the exhaust can be almost completely recovered. Moreover, since the water level in the chemical tank 40 is controlled to the optimum water level by the control unit 10, high-quality liquid fertilizer with an appropriate concentration can be collected in the chemical tank 40.

  In the exhaust heat utilization process, high-temperature and high-humidity exhaust from which ammonia components are almost completely removed without any harmful components can be obtained. By using this exhaust directly for indoor heating, efficient exhaust is achieved. Heat utilization can be realized.

  According to such an embodiment, in the case of exhaust processing at a suction aeration type compost manufacturing facility, even when a large amount of compost raw material is processed, sufficient deodorization is possible with small size and low energy consumption, and maintainability during continuous processing. The ammonia component can be recovered as a versatile liquid fertilizer. Furthermore, exhaust heat can be effectively used while continuing composting in a state where good aerobic fermentation is maintained.

  According to this, while conventional composting facilities diffuse odors and exhaust heat to the surrounding environment, it is possible to recover high-quality liquid fertilizer and heat, in addition to environmental conservation, resources and energy. It is possible to establish composting technology that can be used effectively.

It is explanatory drawing of a prior art. It is explanatory drawing explaining the exhaust-gas treatment apparatus of the suction ventilation type compost manufacturing facility which concerns on embodiment of this invention. It is explanatory drawing explaining the control part in embodiment of this invention. It is explanatory drawing explaining an example of the exhaust-heat utilization part in embodiment of this invention.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Compost fermenter 2 Suction pipe 2A Suction port 3 Water collection processing part 30 Drain trap 31 Drain tank 30A, 31A Full sensor 30B, 31A Water pump 32 Sprinkling pipe 32A Sprinkling nozzle 33, 34 3-way valve 4 Ammonia component recovery part 40 Chemical solution Tank 41 Gas-liquid reaction chamber 42 Circulation pump (chemical solution circulation means)
43 Circulation path (chemical solution circulation means)
44 Chemical heater (chemical heating means)
45 Three-way valve 46 Chemical temperature sensor 47 Water level sensor 5 Exhaust heat utilization part 50 Heat utilization chamber 51 Soil tank 52 Damper 53 Heat exchanger 54 Blower 6, 6, A, 6B, 6C Exhaust flow path 7 Blower (suction means)
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 8 Detection means 8A Air temperature sensor 8B Exhaust temperature sensor 8C Pressure sensor 8D Air flow sensor 8E Exhaust gas concentration sensor 9 Switch device 10 Control part (control means)

Claims (9)

An exhaust treatment device equipped in a suction-air-type compost production facility that performs ventilation inside a compost raw material by suction from the compost fermenter,
A water collection treatment unit for collecting water discharged from a suction pipe provided in the compost fermenter;
An ammonia component recovery unit that recovers an ammonia component from the exhaust gas processed by the water collection processing unit;
An exhaust heat utilization part into which the exhaust gas recovered by the ammonia component recovery part is introduced;
An exhaust passage from the suction pipe to the exhaust heat utilization section via the water collection processing section and the ammonia component recovery section;
A suction means disposed in the exhaust flow path,
The ammonia component recovery unit is
A chemical solution tank comprising an airtight container storing a chemical solution for recovering and processing the ammonia component in the exhaust gas by a chemical reaction, and an end portion of an exhaust flow path leading to the exhaust heat utilization unit communicating with the liquid surface upper space of the chemical solution;
A gas-liquid reaction chamber communicating with the upper surface of the liquid level and performing a gas-liquid reaction between the exhaust gas supplied from the water collection processing unit via the exhaust flow path and the chemical liquid;
A chemical solution circulating means for circulating the chemical solution by supplying the chemical solution from the chemical solution tank to the gas-liquid reaction chamber;
A chemical heating means for heating the chemical in the chemical tank,
An intake air temperature sensor for detecting the exhaust temperature is provided in the exhaust passage upstream of the ammonia component recovery section, and an exhaust temperature sensor for detecting the exhaust temperature is provided in the exhaust passage downstream of the ammonia component recovery section. ,
The chemical solution heating means is controlled so that the temperature detected by the exhaust temperature sensor approaches the temperature detected by the air temperature sensor, and the fermentation temperature of the compost material obtained based on the temperature detected by the air temperature sensor is aerobic. An exhaust treatment apparatus for a suction aeration-type compost production facility, comprising control means for controlling the output of the suction means so as to be maintained in a fermentation progress state. A pressure sensor for detecting the pressure in the exhaust passage and an air volume sensor for detecting the amount of air in the exhaust passage;
The control means obtains the heat flow rate of the exhaust gas from the detection temperature of the air temperature sensor and the detection values of the pressure sensor and the air flow sensor, and the fermentation heat amount of the compost raw material, the temperature and humidity of the outside air, from the compost fermenter The heat balance is estimated from an estimated value of latent heat due to heat dissipation and evaporation, and the output of the suction means necessary for maintaining the compost raw material at a predetermined fermentation temperature is calculated. Exhaust treatment equipment for suction ventilation type compost manufacturing facility. Provided with a turn-back device for turning over the compost raw material in the compost fermenter at the top of the compost fermenter,
The control means detects an increase in suction resistance based on a detection value of the pressure sensor and / or the air flow sensor, estimates that the compost raw material is not ventilated, and operates the switching device. It controls this, The exhaust-air-treatment apparatus of the suction ventilation type compost manufacturing facility described in Claim 2 characterized by the above-mentioned. A water level sensor for detecting a liquid level in the chemical tank,
The control unit heats the chemical solution by the chemical solution heating unit when the set water level is exceeded based on the detection value of the water level sensor, and stops the chemical solution heating unit when the set level is lower than the set water level. The exhaust-air treatment apparatus of the suction ventilation type compost manufacturing facility according to any one of claims 1 to 3. An exhaust gas concentration sensor for detecting a gas component concentration in the exhaust flow path downstream of the ammonia component recovery unit;
The control means controls the circulation amount of the chemical liquid circulation means based on a detection value of the exhaust gas concentration sensor so that an ammonia gas concentration in the exhaust gas is not more than a set value. 4. An exhaust treatment device for a suction-air compost manufacturing facility according to any one of 4 above. Provided with a turn-back device for turning over the compost raw material in the compost fermenter at the top of the compost fermenter,
When the gas component generated by anaerobic fermentation in the exhaust gas is detected more than a set value based on the detection value of the exhaust gas concentration sensor, the control means operates the switching device and controls the suction means. 6. The exhaust treatment apparatus of a suction aeration type compost manufacturing facility according to claim 5, wherein the output is controlled.   The exhaust heat utilization unit includes a heat utilization chamber and a soil tank formed below the heat utilization chamber, and the discharge end of the exhaust passage is disposed in a lower layer of the soil tank, The exhaust treatment apparatus for a suction-ventilated compost manufacturing facility according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein exhaust from the discharge end is guided to the heat utilization chamber. An exhaust treatment method for an aeration-type compost production facility that performs aeration inside a compost raw material deposited in a compost fermenter by suction from the compost fermenter,
A suction aeration process in which a suction means is provided in an exhaust passage connected to a suction pipe provided in the compost fermenter, and suction suction is performed according to the output of the suction means;
A water collection process for collecting water discharged from the suction pipe;
An ammonia component recovery step of recovering an ammonia component from the exhaust gas treated in the water collection treatment step;
An exhaust heat utilization step using the heat of the exhaust recovered in the ammonia component recovery step,
The ammonia component recovery step is performed by a gas-liquid reaction between the exhaust and a chemical solution that recovers and processes the ammonia component in the exhaust by a chemical reaction,
While detecting the exhaust temperature before the ammonia component recovery step, and detecting the exhaust temperature after the ammonia component recovery step,
The chemical solution heating means for heating the chemical solution is controlled so as to bring the exhaust temperature after the ammonia component recovery step closer to the exhaust temperature before the ammonia component recovery step, and obtained based on the exhaust temperature before the ammonia component recovery step. An exhaust processing method for a suction aeration type compost manufacturing facility, wherein the output of the suction means is controlled so that the fermentation temperature of the compost raw material is maintained in an aerobic fermentation progress state. Provided with a turn-back device for turning over the compost raw material in the compost fermenter at the top of the compost fermenter,
When the gas component concentration in the exhaust flow path after the ammonia recovery step is detected, and a gas component generated by anaerobic fermentation in the exhaust gas is detected above a set value based on the detected value of the gas component concentration The exhaust treatment method for a suction aeration-type compost manufacturing facility according to claim 8, wherein the switching device is operated and the output of the suction means is controlled.

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