JP4408418B2 - Method for manufacturing consolidated veneer - Google Patents

Method for manufacturing consolidated veneer Download PDF

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JP4408418B2
JP4408418B2 JP2005036625A JP2005036625A JP4408418B2 JP 4408418 B2 JP4408418 B2 JP 4408418B2 JP 2005036625 A JP2005036625 A JP 2005036625A JP 2005036625 A JP2005036625 A JP 2005036625A JP 4408418 B2 JP4408418 B2 JP 4408418B2
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veneer
consolidated
single plate
plate
plywood
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JP2006218831A (en
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義徳 鉄羅
嘉彦 井上
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Sumitomo Forestry Co Ltd
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Description

本発明は、圧密化単板の製造方法に関する。 The present invention relates to the production how consolidation veneer.

従来、曲げ強度の向上、表面性の改善等を目的として、木質材に圧密化処理を行うことが行われている。この圧密化処理を、平プレスやロールプレスを用いて開放系で行った場合には、圧密化後の木材に、水分や熱が作用すると元の形状に回復してしまう。これに対して、密閉系で圧密化処理を行うと、圧縮変形が永久固定化できる。   Conventionally, for the purpose of improving bending strength, improving surface properties, etc., a wood material is subjected to consolidation treatment. When this consolidation treatment is performed in an open system using a flat press or a roll press, the original shape is restored when moisture or heat acts on the consolidated wood. On the other hand, when the consolidation process is performed in a closed system, the compression deformation can be permanently fixed.

密閉系での圧密化処理としては、例えば特許文献1には、密閉可能な耐圧・耐熱性容器の内部に処理すべき木質材を収容した後に、この剛性容器を密封状態として加熱することにより、木質材を圧密化した後、プレスを維持した状態で熱板に冷却水を供給して圧密化木材を冷却してから取り出す方法が記載されており、また、特許文献2には、上記と同様に木材を密閉空間内で圧縮しながら加熱することで圧密化を行った後、プレス状態を維持したまま密閉空間内を減圧させる方法が記載されている。これらの方法は、木材に含まれている水分を水蒸気化させ、密閉容器内を高温高圧状態とすることにより木材を水熱処理することで変形を永久固定化する方法であり、簡単な装置で短時間で圧密化を行うことができるため圧密処理には有効な方法である。その他、特許文献3及び4にも、密閉系で圧密化処理することが記載されている。   As a consolidation process in a closed system, for example, in Patent Document 1, after storing a wooden material to be processed inside a pressure-resistant and heat-resistant container that can be sealed, by heating the rigid container in a sealed state, After consolidation of the wood material, a method is described in which cooling water is supplied to the hot plate in a state where the press is maintained, and the consolidated wood is cooled and taken out, and Patent Document 2 is similar to the above. Describes a method for reducing the pressure in a sealed space while maintaining a pressed state after the wood is compressed while being compressed in the sealed space. These methods are methods for permanently fixing deformation by hydrothermally treating wood by steaming the moisture contained in the wood and bringing the inside of the sealed container into a high temperature and high pressure state. Since consolidation can be performed in time, this is an effective method for consolidation. In addition, Patent Documents 3 and 4 also describe a consolidation process in a closed system.

また、密閉系ではないが、非特許文献1には、通気性の金属板で挟んだ状態の木質材を、加熱しながら圧縮して、圧密化された単板を得る方法が記載されている。   Further, although not a closed system, Non-Patent Document 1 describes a method of obtaining a consolidated single plate by compressing a wood material sandwiched between breathable metal plates while heating. .

特開平7−47511号公報JP 7-47511 A 特開平8−90516号公報JP-A-8-90516 特開平6−238615号公報JP-A-6-238615 特開2000−238015号公報JP 2000-238015 A 宇高英二、吉野 毅,「スギ単板の熱圧縮処理への通気性金属板の適用」,木材工業,社団法人日本木材加工技術協会,平成15年10月1日,第58巻,第10号,p452−456Eiji Udaka, Satoshi Yoshino, “Application of Breathable Metal Sheet to Thermal Compression Processing of Sugi Single Plate”, Wood Industry, Japan Wood Processing Technology Association, October 1, 2003, Vol. 58, No. 10 , P452-456

従来の密閉系での圧密化処理においては、密閉加熱処理後直ちに密閉容器を開放すると、木材中に含まれていた高温高圧水蒸気が一瞬のうちに放出されることによりパンクと呼ばれる膨らみが発生しやすいという問題がある。特に、生単板を使った場合、厚みが薄く、高含水率のため、表面に多数の割れが発生してバラバラになってしまう。   In the consolidation process in the conventional closed system, if the sealed container is opened immediately after the sealed heat treatment, the high-temperature and high-pressure steam contained in the wood is released in an instant, and a bulge called puncture occurs. There is a problem that it is easy. In particular, when the raw veneer is used, the thickness is thin and the moisture content is high, so that many cracks are generated on the surface and become separated.

特許文献1には、高圧水蒸気の放出を防止するために、圧締状態のままで冷却することが記載されているが、それでは、生産性が極めて低くなり、コストを大幅に上昇させてしまう。
特許文献2には、密閉容器に排気管を設けて、プレスを維持した状態で排気管から高圧水蒸気を放出し密閉空間内を減圧することが記載されているが、その場合においても、単板内部に高圧水蒸気が残留し、それによる割れの発生を防止することができない。
非特許文献1の方法は、非密閉系での圧密化処理であるため、短時間では圧縮変形を充分に固定化することができない。
Patent Document 1 describes cooling in a pressed state in order to prevent the release of high-pressure water vapor, but this results in extremely low productivity and greatly increases costs.
Patent Document 2 describes that a closed vessel is provided with an exhaust pipe, and high-pressure steam is discharged from the exhaust pipe in a state where the press is maintained to reduce the pressure in the sealed space. High-pressure steam remains inside, and cracking due to this cannot be prevented.
Since the method of Non-Patent Document 1 is a consolidation process in an unsealed system, compression deformation cannot be sufficiently fixed in a short time.

ところで、近年、住宅建設においては、施工の合理化から根太を使用しない床パネル工法が増えており、床パネルには厚物の針葉樹構造用合板が使用されている。この構造用合板の製造にはロシアカラマツ等の強度の強い天然林から製造した単板が使用されているが、天然木質資源の枯渇が進む中、これらを使い続けることは環境や蓄積量の面で問題があり、蓄積量の豊富な造林木の利用が望まれている。また、この造林木のなかで、ファルカータ、ポプラ、スギ等の造林木は、低比重、軟質という材質から用途が限られてしまうため、用途開拓による利用拡大が望まれている。 By the way, in recent years, in the construction of houses, floor panel construction methods that do not use joists are increasing due to rationalization of construction, and thick coniferous plywood structures are used for floor panels. The veneer for structural use is made of veneer made from strong natural forests such as Russian larch. However, as natural wood resources are depleted, it is important to continue to use them in terms of environment and stock. Therefore, the use of planted trees with abundant accumulation is desired. Among these afforestation trees, afforestation trees such as falcata, poplar, and cedar are limited in their applications because of their low specific gravity and softness, and therefore it is desired to expand their use by developing applications.

また、住宅のフローリングには、物を落とした時や家具を引きずった時に傷の付きにくい耐傷性フローリングを使用する場合が増加している。このフローリングは、天然木の堅木(硬質)単板で製造した合板に、表面硬度を上げるため中密度繊維板(MDF)やハードボード(HDF)を薄く切削した木質材料を貼り、仕上げ材として表面に突板を貼った構成のものが一般的である。このような耐傷性フローリングにおいても、構造用合板と同様に、基材である合板の強度を上げるため天然林の硬質木材を使用しているため、同様に造林木を使った代替材料が望まれている。   In addition, the use of scratch-resistant flooring, which is difficult to be damaged when objects are dropped or furniture is dragged, is increasing in residential flooring. This flooring is a plywood made of natural wood hardwood (hard) veneer, and a wood material made by thinly cutting medium density fiberboard (MDF) or hardboard (HDF) to increase the surface hardness. A structure having a veneer on the surface is generally used. In such scratch-resistant flooring as well as structural plywood, natural wood hardwood is used to increase the strength of the plywood substrate, so an alternative material using afforested wood is also desired. ing.

従って、本発明の目的は、高圧水蒸気により単板の圧縮変形状態を充分に固定でき、しかも単板の表面に膨らみや割れが生じることを防止して、圧密化単板を効率的且つ経済的に製造することのできる、圧密化単板の製造方法を提供することにある。 Therefore, an object of the present invention is to sufficiently fix the compression deformation state of the veneer by high-pressure steam, and to prevent the surface of the veneer from bulging or cracking, thereby making the consolidated veneer efficient and economical. can be prepared, Ru near to provide a method of manufacturing compacted veneer.

本発明は、密閉可能な容器内に、単板を、一対の畳織金網間に挟んだ状態で収容した後、該容器を密閉した状態で、前記単板と前記両畳織金網との積層体を、圧縮しながら加熱することを特徴とする圧密化単板の製造方法を提供することにより、上記目的を達成したものである尚、単板と両畳織金網との積層体は、単板と各畳織金網との間が接合されていることを意味するものではない。 The present invention, in a sealable container, accommodates a single plate sandwiched between a pair of tatami woven wire mesh, and then in a state where the container is sealed, the single plate and the tatami woven wire mesh are laminated. The object is achieved by providing a method for producing a consolidated veneer characterized in that the body is heated while being compressed . In addition, the laminated body of a veneer and both tatami woven wire mesh does not mean that the veneer and each tatami woven wire mesh are joined.

本発明の圧密化単板の製造方法によれば、高圧水蒸気により単板の圧縮変形状態を充分に固定でき、しかも単板の表面に膨らみや割れが生じることを防止でき、表面特性や曲げに対する特性に優れた圧密化単板を効率的且つ経済的に製造することができる According to the method for producing a consolidated veneer according to the present invention, the compression deformation state of the veneer can be sufficiently fixed by high-pressure steam, and further, the surface of the veneer can be prevented from being swollen or cracked, and the surface characteristics and bending can be prevented. A consolidated veneer having excellent characteristics can be produced efficiently and economically .

本発明では、単板を圧縮しながら加熱して圧密化単板を製造する。圧密化単板の製造に用いる単板としては、生単板を使用することが好ましい。ここで、生単板とは、原木を濡れた状態でロータリーレース(ベニヤレース)によって数ミリから十数ミリの厚さに切削した単板をいい、通常、含水率が50%以上である。   In the present invention, a single plate is heated while being compressed to produce a consolidated single plate. As a veneer used for producing a consolidated veneer, it is preferable to use a raw veneer. Here, the raw veneer refers to a veneer that has been cut into a thickness of several millimeters to tens of millimeters by a rotary lace (veneer lace) while the raw wood is wet, and usually has a moisture content of 50% or more.

生単板を使用することには、次のメリットがある。(a)厚さが薄いため木材内部に熱が伝わりやすく、含水率が高いため圧縮変形の永久固定化に必要な高圧水蒸気の発生が容易である。このため、短時間での圧縮変形の永久固定化が可能である。(b)生単板を圧密することにより単板の乾燥工程が不要でありエネルギー利用面で有利である。
しかしながら、生単板は、含水率が高いため単板内部から多量の水蒸気が発生する。そのため、短時間で圧密単板から高圧水蒸気を放出することがポイントである。例えば、図1に示すような、圧密治具10に収容して密閉状態下に、圧縮及び加熱した後、密閉治具に取り付けたリークバルブを開放しただけでは、単板内部に高圧水蒸気が残留し、プレス解放時に圧密単板がバラバラに割れてしまうが、本発明では、金網で単板を挟んだ状態で圧密化を行うため、リークバルブを開く等により、減圧する際に、金網内の空間を、単板内部の高圧水蒸気が抜けるため短時間で単板内部から高圧水蒸気を排出することができる。
Using raw veneer has the following advantages. (a) Since the thickness is thin, heat is easily transmitted to the inside of the wood, and since the moisture content is high, high-pressure steam necessary for permanent fixation of compression deformation is easily generated. For this reason, it is possible to permanently fix the compression deformation in a short time. (b) Consolidating the green veneer eliminates the need for a veneer drying process and is advantageous in terms of energy utilization.
However, since the raw veneer has a high moisture content, a large amount of water vapor is generated from inside the veneer. Therefore, the point is to release high-pressure steam from the compacted single plate in a short time. For example, as shown in FIG. 1, after being stored in a compacting jig 10 and compressed and heated in a sealed state, high pressure steam remains inside the single plate simply by opening the leak valve attached to the sealing jig. However, when the press is released, the compacted single plate breaks apart.In the present invention, since the compaction is performed with the single plate sandwiched between the metal meshes, when the pressure is reduced by opening a leak valve or the like, Since the high-pressure water vapor inside the veneer escapes through the space, the high-pressure water vapor can be discharged from the inside of the veneer in a short time.

圧密化単板の製造に用いる単板は、密閉容器内の圧力を充分に高めて、圧縮変形固定化を充分に達成する観点から、含水率が50%超100%以下であることが好ましく、特に60〜100%であることが好ましい。
含水率は、下記の式で求められる。
含水率(%)=(W1−W2)/W2 ×100
(W1:乾燥前の重量(g)、W2:全乾重量(g)
全乾重量:乾燥機中で100〜105℃で乾燥し、恒量に達したと認められるときの重量)
The veneer used for the production of the consolidated veneer preferably has a moisture content of more than 50% and 100% or less from the viewpoint of sufficiently increasing the pressure in the sealed container and sufficiently achieving compression deformation fixation. In particular, it is preferably 60 to 100%.
The moisture content is obtained by the following formula.
Moisture content (%) = (W 1 −W 2 ) / W 2 × 100
(W 1 : Weight before drying (g), W 2 : Total dry weight (g)
Total dry weight: Weight when dried at 100 to 105 ° C.

単板は、単板1枚中の含水率のバラツキが大きい場合、圧密処理後に波打ちや反りが発生しやすいため、含水率のバラツキを少なくするために含水率の調整を行ったものを用いることが好ましい。含水率の調整方法としては、単板を水に浸漬する方法、丸太の段階で水に浸漬した後に剥板を行う方法等が挙げられる。   A veneer with a large variation in moisture content in one veneer is likely to be wavy and warped after consolidation, so use a moisture content that has been adjusted to reduce the variation in moisture content. Is preferred. Examples of the method for adjusting the moisture content include a method of immersing a veneer in water, a method of peeling a plate after immersing it in water at the log stage, and the like.

また、本発明では、低比重軟質木から、厚みが薄く且つ曲げ強度や曲げヤング係数が大きい単板を得ることができるため、例えば、合板、LVL等の構造用木質材料や、フローリング材の表面材等にも、このような木材が利用可能となる。
本発明において、低比重軟質木の単板とは、比重が0.2〜0.5のものをいう。また、低比重軟質木の単板は、好ましくは比重0.25〜0.45のものであり、例えばファルカータ(albizzia falcataria)(比重0.30)、ラジアータパイン(pinus radiata)(比重0.43)、中国ポプラ(populus)(比重0.35)、スギ(cryptomeria japonica)(比重0.38)等を挙げることができる。
Further, in the present invention, since a single plate having a small thickness and a large bending strength and a large bending Young's modulus can be obtained from a low specific gravity soft wood, for example, a structural wood material such as plywood or LVL, or a surface of a flooring material Such wood can also be used for materials and the like.
In the present invention, a low specific gravity soft wood veneer is one having a specific gravity of 0.2 to 0.5. Also, the low-density soft wood veneer preferably has a specific gravity of 0.25 to 0.45, for example, albizzia falcataria (specific gravity 0.30), radiata pine (specific gravity 0.43). ), Chinese populus (specific gravity 0.35), cedar (cryptomeria japonica) (specific gravity 0.38), and the like.

単板の厚みは、例えば1〜15mmのものを用いることができ、より好ましくは1〜7mmである。   The thickness of the single plate can be, for example, 1 to 15 mm, and more preferably 1 to 7 mm.

単板は、圧縮率30〜70%程度、特に圧縮率30〜50%程度に圧縮することが好ましい。例えば、圧密化単板の用途を合板の表板及び裏板用単板、フロアー台板の表面単板として考えた場合には、圧密化単板の厚さは0.5〜2.0mmであることが好ましく、その圧縮率は30〜70%であることが好ましく、圧密前の厚さは1〜7mmであることが好ましい。
圧縮率は、下記式で求められる。
圧縮率(%)=(圧縮前厚さ(mm)−圧縮後厚さ(mm))/圧縮前厚さ(mm) ×100
(但し、圧縮後厚さは、加熱及び加圧後、容器から取り出し、冷却した後の厚みである。)
The veneer is preferably compressed to a compression rate of about 30 to 70%, particularly to a compression rate of about 30 to 50%. For example, when the use of the consolidated veneer is considered as a surface veneer of a front plate and a back plate of a plywood and a floor base plate, the thickness of the consolidated veneer is 0.5 to 2.0 mm. The compression ratio is preferably 30 to 70%, and the thickness before consolidation is preferably 1 to 7 mm.
A compression rate is calculated | required by a following formula.
Compression rate (%) = (Thickness before compression (mm) −Thickness after compression (mm)) / Thickness before compression (mm) × 100
(However, the thickness after compression is the thickness after being taken out of the container and cooled after being heated and pressurized.)

本発明で用いる密閉可能な容器としては、内部に単板を一対の畳織金網間に挟んだ状態で収容でき、且つその状態で密閉できるものを広く用いることができる。このような容器としては、各種公知のものを用いることができ、例えば、特許文献1で用いている容器を用いることもできる。   As the sealable container used in the present invention, a container that can be accommodated in a state where a single plate is sandwiched between a pair of tatami wire meshes and can be sealed in that state can be widely used. As such a container, various well-known things can be used, for example, the container used by patent document 1 can also be used.

図1及び図2は、密閉可能な容器の好ましい一例としての圧密治具10を示す図である。図1及び2に示す圧密治具10は、平面視正方形状の直方体形状の凹部11aを有する下型11と、凹部11aの開口部を気密に封鎖可能な上型12とからなる。上型12の下面中央には、下型11の凹部11aの開口部形状と略一致する形状の凸部12aが形成されており、下型11には、凹部11aの周囲を囲むように、耐熱性のシリコン樹脂等からなるOリング13が設けられている。
そして、下型11と上型12とを、凸部12aを凹部11aの開口部に嵌合させるようにして組み合わせることにより、内部に密閉空間が形成される。
下型11の下部には、密閉空間内の高圧水蒸気を排出する排気弁(リークバルブ)14が設けられている。
FIG.1 and FIG.2 is a figure which shows the compacting jig | tool 10 as a preferable example of the container which can be sealed. A compacting jig 10 shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 includes a lower mold 11 having a rectangular parallelepiped concave portion 11a in plan view, and an upper mold 12 capable of hermetically sealing the opening of the concave portion 11a. At the center of the lower surface of the upper die 12, a convex portion 12a having a shape substantially coincident with the shape of the opening of the concave portion 11a of the lower die 11 is formed, and the lower die 11 is heat-resistant so as to surround the concave portion 11a. An O-ring 13 made of a conductive silicon resin or the like is provided.
And the sealed space is formed inside by combining the lower mold | type 11 and the upper mold | type 12 so that the convex part 12a may be fitted to the opening part of the recessed part 11a.
An exhaust valve (leak valve) 14 for discharging high-pressure steam in the sealed space is provided at the lower part of the lower mold 11.

本発明においては、図1に示すように、単板1を、一対の畳織金網2,3間に挟んだ状態で、密閉可能な容器内に収容する。
畳織金網とは、縦線は太い線を使用し間隔を開けて、横線は細い線を使用しお互いが接するまで網目を詰めるようにして織った畳表状の織り方の金網であり、平織と綾織の2種類の織り方がある。
平畳織金網は、縦線と横線を交互に組み合わせて織り上げた金網であり、一般的に使用されている平織金網のような平面的な網目ではなく、縦線と横線によってつくられた空間を粒子が通過するため、液体や空気のろ過、脱水に適した金網である。また、太い線径を使用しているため金網の強度が強く、高圧力下での耐久性に優れている。
綾畳織金網は、縦線と横線がお互いに2本以上乗り越して織り上げた綾織式の畳織金網であり、平畳織金網に比べて太い線径を使用して細かく織ることができるため、緻密で強固な、分離用金網である。
平織金網(非畳織金網)では金網が単板にくい込んでしまうため金網を使う効果がない。そのため、本発明で使用する金網は、高温、高圧力状態で耐久性の高い畳織金網である。金網の網目が圧密単板に転写しにくくするためにメッシュが細かく耐久性の高い綾畳織金網を使用することが望ましい。
図3に、平畳織の金網の一例を示し、図4に、綾畳織の金網の一例を示した。
In the present invention, as shown in FIG. 1, the veneer 1 is accommodated in a sealable container in a state of being sandwiched between a pair of tatami woven wire meshes 2 and 3.
A tatami weave wire mesh is a wire mesh with a tatami surface weaving that uses a thick line for the vertical lines and a gap between the horizontal lines until the lines touch each other. There are two types of weave, twill.
A flat woven wire mesh is a wire mesh woven by alternating vertical and horizontal lines, and is not a flat mesh like the commonly used plain weave wire mesh, but a space created by vertical and horizontal lines. Since the particles pass through, it is a wire mesh suitable for liquid and air filtration and dehydration. In addition, since a thick wire diameter is used, the strength of the wire mesh is high and the durability under high pressure is excellent.
Twill woven wire mesh is a twill woven woven wire mesh that weaves two or more vertical lines and horizontal lines over each other, and can be finely woven using a thicker wire diameter than plain woven wire mesh, It is a dense and strong wire mesh for separation.
Plain woven wire mesh (non-tatami woven wire mesh) has no effect of using the wire mesh because the wire mesh is difficult to insert on a single plate. Therefore, the wire mesh used in the present invention is a tatami-woven wire mesh that is highly durable at high temperature and high pressure. It is desirable to use a twilled woven wire mesh having a fine mesh and high durability in order to make it difficult to transfer the mesh of the wire mesh to the consolidated veneer.
FIG. 3 shows an example of a plain woven wire mesh, and FIG. 4 shows an example of a twill woven wire mesh.

畳織金網のメッシュは200〜500メッシュであることが好ましい。メッシュが少ない(目開きが大きい)場合は、圧密化単板の表面に網目が目立ち、メッシュが多い(目開きが小さい)場合は、金網表面が汚れやすくなる。
平織の金網を2枚重ねて使用した場合には、金網の耐久性が低く、また、圧密化単板表面に網目が付きやすい。
The mesh of the tatami woven wire mesh is preferably 200 to 500 mesh. When the mesh is small (the mesh opening is large), the mesh is conspicuous on the surface of the compacted single plate, and when the mesh is large (the mesh is small), the wire mesh surface is easily soiled.
When two plain woven wire meshes are used in an overlapping manner, the durability of the wire mesh is low and the surface of the consolidated single plate is likely to have a mesh.

上述した圧密治具10を用いて圧密化単板を製造する方法を、図1及び図2を参照して説明する。
(準備工程)
先ず、単板1を、図1に示すように、一対の畳織金網2,3間に挟んだ状態で、圧密治具10内にセットする。圧密治具10は、加熱手段を有する加圧装置、例えばホットプレス(図示せず)に取り付ける。具体的には、ホットプレスの上盤に上型12を固定し、下盤に下型11を固定する。圧密治具10は、ホットプレスにより加熱され、単板の加熱温度はホットプレスにより調節する。尚、圧密化単板の厚さ調整は、下型の凹部の底部にスペーサー(金属板)15を設置して行う。
A method of manufacturing a consolidated single plate using the above-described compacting jig 10 will be described with reference to FIGS.
(Preparation process)
First, as shown in FIG. 1, the veneer 1 is set in a compacting jig 10 while being sandwiched between a pair of tatami wire meshes 2 and 3. The consolidation jig 10 is attached to a pressure device having a heating means, for example, a hot press (not shown). Specifically, the upper mold 12 is fixed to the upper board of the hot press, and the lower mold 11 is fixed to the lower board. The compacting jig 10 is heated by hot pressing, and the heating temperature of the single plate is adjusted by hot pressing. The thickness of the consolidated single plate is adjusted by installing a spacer (metal plate) 15 at the bottom of the lower mold recess.

(第1圧締工程)
圧密治具10の上型が、畳織金網2に接する程度までプレス上盤を下降させ5秒〜15秒、単板1を加熱する。この加熱により木材をある程度軟化させることができる。これは、単板内部の水分が水蒸気化し、圧密治具からわずかに漏れる程度が望ましい。時間が短いと軟化が不充分となり密閉が不充分となる場合や、単板が潰れた状態となる場合がある。また、時間が長いと単板内部の水分が蒸発し圧縮変形の固定化が不充分となる。
(First pressing process)
The upper plate of the press is lowered until the upper die of the compacting jig 10 is in contact with the tatami woven wire mesh 2, and the single plate 1 is heated for 5 to 15 seconds. This heating can soften the wood to some extent. It is desirable that the water inside the veneer is vaporized and slightly leaks from the compacting jig. If the time is short, softening may be insufficient and sealing may be insufficient, or the veneer may be crushed. In addition, if the time is long, the moisture inside the veneer evaporates, and the compression deformation is insufficiently fixed.

(第2圧締工程)
圧密治具10の上型と下型とを密着させてOリング13を圧縮することにより、圧密治具10内部が密閉された状態となる。この状態においては、単板1と畳織金網2,3との積層体に対して、ホットプレスによる圧力と熱が加わっており、また、木材中の水分が気化し水蒸気が発生することで、圧密治具10の内部圧力が上昇し水蒸気処理が行われる。これにより、単板1が圧縮されると共に、その圧縮状態が永久固定化される。
ホットプレス等の加圧機構によるプレス圧力は、2.9〜4.9N/mmであることが好ましく、加熱温度は180〜220℃、特に200〜220℃であることが好ましい。加熱時間は、加熱温度によるが、120秒から10分であることが好ましく、60秒から5分であることがより好ましい。
(Second pressing process)
By compressing the O-ring 13 by bringing the upper die and the lower die into close contact with each other, the inside of the consolidation jig 10 is sealed. In this state, pressure and heat from the hot press are applied to the laminate of the veneer 1 and the tatami woven wire meshes 2 and 3, and the moisture in the wood is vaporized to generate water vapor. The internal pressure of the compacting jig 10 is increased, and steam treatment is performed. Thereby, the veneer 1 is compressed and the compression state is permanently fixed.
The press pressure by a pressurizing mechanism such as a hot press is preferably 2.9 to 4.9 N / mm, and the heating temperature is preferably 180 to 220 ° C, particularly preferably 200 to 220 ° C. The heating time depends on the heating temperature, but is preferably 120 seconds to 10 minutes, and more preferably 60 seconds to 5 minutes.

(減圧工程)
加熱圧締状態でリークバルブ14を開き密閉治具内部の高圧水蒸気を排出し、密閉治具内部を大気圧に減圧する。
(乾燥工程)
加熱圧締状態を1分〜2分程度維持し圧密化単板を乾燥する。
(冷却工程)
密閉容器を開放し圧密化単板を取り出した後、圧密化単板をコールドプレスで冷却する。この冷却工程は、圧密化単板のあばれ、波打が減少するため、行うことが好ましい。
(Decompression step)
The leak valve 14 is opened in a heat-pressed state, high-pressure steam inside the sealing jig is discharged, and the inside of the sealing jig is reduced to atmospheric pressure.
(Drying process)
The heat-pressed state is maintained for about 1 to 2 minutes and the compacted veneer is dried.
(Cooling process)
After opening the sealed container and taking out the compacted veneer, the consolidated veneer is cooled with a cold press. This cooling step is preferably performed because the blown and wavy portions of the consolidated single plate are reduced.

このようにして、圧密化されることによって、厚みが薄くなる一方、曲げ強度やヤング係数が向上した圧密化単板を得ることができる。
尚、上述した方法においては、加圧装置の加熱手段により、圧密治具10(容器)を加熱したが、圧密治具10の下型や上型自体に加熱手段を設けても良く、また、圧密治具10の下型及び/又は上型は、加圧手段の上盤又は下盤と一体不可分とされていても良い。また、下型の凹部の底部にスペーサー15を設置するのに代えて、凹部の深さの異なる下型に交換して、圧縮率や圧密化単板の厚み等を調整することもできる。
In this way, by being consolidated, it is possible to obtain a consolidated single plate having a reduced thickness and an improved bending strength and Young's modulus.
In the above-described method, the compacting jig 10 (container) is heated by the heating means of the pressurizing device, but the lower mold or the upper mold itself may be provided with a heating means, The lower mold and / or the upper mold of the consolidation jig 10 may be made inseparable from the upper plate or the lower plate of the pressurizing means. Further, instead of installing the spacer 15 at the bottom of the concave portion of the lower mold, the compression ratio and the thickness of the consolidated single plate can be adjusted by replacing the lower mold with a different depth of the concave portion.

発明の製造方法により、低比重軟質木の単板(低比重軟質木から得た単板)から製造した圧密化単板は、合板の製造に用いることもできる。その場合、圧密化単板は、合板の少なくとも一層として用いる。低比重軟質木の単板から製造した圧密化単板は、合板の表材、裏材、芯材及びそえ芯板の何れとしてもよいが、表面硬度の高い合板を得る観点から、合板の表材又は裏材を構成する単板として用いることが好ましく、表材及び裏材の双方に用いることが好ましい。低比重軟質木の有効利用の観点から、合板の表材及び裏材を構成する単板として用いると共に、他の層を構成する単板として、低比重軟質木から得た単板を用いることも好ましい。他の層を構成する単板としての単板は、圧密化していない単板又は本発明の方法より製造した圧密化単板若しくは他の方法により圧密化した圧密化単板を用いることができる。合板の層数は3〜15、特に3〜11が好ましい。層間を接着する接着剤は、従来公知の各種のものを用いることができる。 The production method of the present invention, compacted single plate produced from a single plate of low density soft wood (veneer obtained from low density soft wood) may also be used in actual production of plywood. In this case, compaction veneer, Ru using at least one layer of the plywood. A compacted veneer manufactured from a low density soft wood veneer may be any of a plywood front, back, core, and core plate, but from the viewpoint of obtaining a plywood with high surface hardness, It is preferably used as a single plate constituting a material or a backing material, and is preferably used for both a front material and a backing material. From the viewpoint of effective use of low-density soft wood, it can be used as a veneer that constitutes the front and back materials of plywood, and a veneer obtained from low-density soft wood can also be used as a veneer that constitutes other layers. preferable. As the single plate constituting the other layer, a single plate that is not consolidated, a consolidated single plate manufactured by the method of the present invention, or a consolidated single plate consolidated by another method can be used. The number of plywood layers is preferably 3 to 15, particularly 3 to 11. Various conventionally known adhesives can be used for bonding the layers.

本発明の製造方法により低比重軟質木の単板から製造した圧密化単板を、少なくとも一層として用いた合板は、各種用途に用いることができ、例えば構造用合板、あるいはフローリング材の台材等として用いることができる。本発明の圧密化単板の製造方法により得られた圧密化単板は、用途に制限はなく、例えば、合板やLVLを構成する単板、フローリング材や家具、建具等の仕上げ材等として用いることができる。
合板を構成する圧密化単板及び非圧密化単板を併用する場合の非圧密化単板は、低比重軟質造林木を原木とするものが好ましい。本発明は、低比重軟質造林木を使用できる点において特に有用であるが、本発明で使用する単板の原木は、造林木に制限されない。
A plywood using at least one layer of a compacted veneer produced from a low specific gravity soft wood veneer by the production method of the present invention can be used for various applications, such as a structural plywood or a flooring material base material, etc. Can be used as The use of the consolidated veneer obtained by the method for producing a consolidated veneer according to the present invention is not limited, and is used as, for example, a plywood or a veneer constituting an LVL, a flooring material, furniture, a finishing material for furniture, etc. be able to.
The unconsolidated veneer in the case where the consolidated veneer and the unconsolidated veneer constituting the plywood are used in combination is preferably one having low specific gravity soft afforested wood as the raw wood. The present invention is particularly useful in that a low specific gravity soft afforestation tree can be used, but the single plank logs used in the present invention are not limited to afforestation trees.

次に、実施例及び比較例に基づいて本発明を具体的に説明するが、本発明は、以下の実施例によって何ら限定されるものではない。
(実施例1)
ファルカータから得られた平面視正方形状の生単板(370mm×370mm×3.3mm,含水率70%に調整)を、表1に示す金網(平面視における形状及び寸法は単板と同じ,単板の両側で同じ金網を使用)間に挟んだ状態で、上述した構成の圧密治具10における凹部11a(内寸500mm×500mm)内に配置し、上述した好ましい圧密化処理と同様にして、圧密治具10を密閉した状態で、単板と両畳織金網との積層体を圧縮しながら加熱した後、減圧、乾燥、冷却して、圧密化単板を得た。大気圧への減圧後には、直ちにプレスを解圧した。
第1圧締工程の加熱温度及び加熱時間は、200℃及び10秒とし、第2圧締工程の加熱温度及び加熱時間は、200℃及び300秒とした。第1圧締工程のプレス圧力は0.05N/mm2、第2圧締工程のプレス圧力は3.9N/mm2とした。
冷却工程は、温度は室温(10℃〜20℃)、プレス圧力1.0N/mm2で60秒間隔行った。尚、圧縮率は、50%とした。
Next, the present invention will be specifically described based on examples and comparative examples, but the present invention is not limited to the following examples.
Example 1
A raw single plate (370 mm × 370 mm × 3.3 mm, adjusted to a moisture content of 70%) having a square shape in plan view obtained from the Falcarta is shown in Table 1 (the shape and dimensions in plan view are the same as those of the single plate). In the state sandwiched between the same metal mesh on both sides of the plate), it is placed in the concave portion 11a (inner dimensions 500 mm × 500 mm) in the compacting jig 10 having the above-described configuration, and in the same manner as the preferable compacting process described above, In a state where the compacting jig 10 was sealed, the laminated body of the single plate and the tatami mat woven wire mesh was heated while being compressed, and then decompressed, dried and cooled to obtain a consolidated single plate. Immediately after the pressure was reduced to atmospheric pressure, the press was released.
The heating temperature and heating time in the first pressing step were 200 ° C. and 10 seconds, and the heating temperature and heating time in the second pressing step were 200 ° C. and 300 seconds. The pressing pressure in the first pressing step was 0.05 N / mm 2 , and the pressing pressure in the second pressing step was 3.9 N / mm 2 .
The cooling step was performed at intervals of 60 seconds at a room temperature (10 ° C. to 20 ° C.) and a press pressure of 1.0 N / mm 2 . The compression rate was 50%.

(実施例2〜6)
実施例1において、用いる金網を表1に示すものに代えた以外は、実施例1と同様にして圧密化単板を得た。
(Examples 2 to 6)
A consolidated single plate was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the wire mesh used in Example 1 was changed to that shown in Table 1.

(比較例1)
実施例1において、単板の何れの面側にも金網を配さない以外は、実施例1と同様にして圧密化単板を得た。
(比較例2)
実施例1において、単板の片面側のみに金網を配さない以外は、実施例1と同様にして圧密化単板を得た。
(Comparative Example 1)
In Example 1, a consolidated single plate was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that no wire mesh was provided on any side of the single plate.
(Comparative Example 2)
In Example 1, a consolidated single plate was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the wire mesh was not provided only on one side of the single plate.

(比較例3)
実施例1において、単板の両側それぞれに、平織の金網を2枚重ねて使用した以外は、実施例1と同様にして圧密化単板を得た。尚、表1中、単板側とは、単板1に接する金網を意味し、定盤側とは、上型12及びスペーサー15に接する金網を意味する。
(Comparative Example 3)
In Example 1, a consolidated veneer was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that two plain woven wire meshes were used on both sides of the veneer. In Table 1, the single plate side means a wire mesh that contacts the single plate 1, and the surface plate side means a wire mesh that contacts the upper mold 12 and the spacer 15.

(評価)
得られた圧密化単板の表面を観察し、割れの有無を調べると共に、表面状態を下記の評価基準で評価し、それらの結果を表1に示した。
(Evaluation)
The surface of the obtained consolidated veneer was observed to examine the presence or absence of cracks, and the surface condition was evaluated according to the following evaluation criteria. The results are shown in Table 1.

表面状態の評価基準
◎:目視で単板表面の網目がわからない。手でさわってもわずかに感じる程度であり、接 着性問題なし。合板の表面単板に使用してもサンディングの必要なし。
○:目視で網目がわかるが、接着性問題なし。サンディングの必要なし。
△:単板に転写する網目が大きく、接着性が悪い。サンディングが必要。
×1:単板表面の網目が大きい。サンディングで平滑にするのが困難。
×2:金網の耐久性に問題あり。新品では問題ないが使っているうちに圧密治具に接する メッシュ数の小さい金網の影響により単板表面に大きな網目が転写する。
Evaluation criteria of surface condition A: The mesh on the surface of the single plate is not visually recognized. There is no problem with adhesion because it feels slightly even when touched by hand. No need for sanding even when used on a single veneer plywood.
○: Although the mesh is visually confirmed, there is no adhesion problem. No need for sanding.
(Triangle | delta): The mesh | network transferred to a single board is large, and adhesiveness is bad. Sanding is required.
X1: The mesh on the surface of the single plate is large. Difficult to smooth with sanding.
X2: There is a problem with the durability of the wire mesh. Although there is no problem with a new product, a large mesh is transferred to the surface of the veneer due to the influence of a metal mesh with a small number of meshes in contact with the compacting jig.

表1に示す結果から、畳織金網を使用することにより、単板に割れが生じることを防止することができることが判る。これに対して、金網を使用しない比較例1の場合には、密閉治具内部の圧力を大気圧に減圧後、直ちにプレスを解圧すると単板内部の水蒸気が一気に開放されるため単板がバラバラになり、片面にのみ使用した比較例2の場合には、金網を使用しなかった面に、短冊状の割れが多数発生し、また、表面に凹凸も発生した。   From the results shown in Table 1, it can be seen that the use of a tatami woven wire mesh can prevent the single plate from being cracked. On the other hand, in the case of Comparative Example 1 where no wire mesh is used, the pressure inside the sealing jig is reduced to atmospheric pressure, and then immediately after the pressure is released, the water inside the single plate is released at once, so that the single plate is In the case of Comparative Example 2 which was separated and used only on one side, a lot of strip-like cracks were generated on the surface where the wire mesh was not used, and irregularities were also generated on the surface.

(試験1)
本発明で得られる圧密化単板の曲げに対する特性を評価すると共に、圧縮率が圧密化単板に与える影響を評価するべく、上述した実施例1において、圧縮率を表2に示す値に代えた以外は、実施例1と同様にして圧密化単板を製造し、得られた圧密化単板の曲げ強度や曲げヤング係数を測定して、その結果を、表2に示した。尚、表2中、サンプル15が、上述した実施例1の圧密化単板である。
尚、曲げ強度及び曲げヤング係数は、JIS Z 2101木材の試験方法に準拠して測定した。圧密化単板を曲げる方向は、スパンの方向と試験片の繊維方向が同じ方向とし、中央集中荷重方式にて行った。
(Test 1)
In order to evaluate the characteristics of the consolidated veneer obtained by the present invention against bending and to evaluate the influence of the compression rate on the consolidated veneer, in Example 1 described above, the compression rate is replaced with the values shown in Table 2. Except for the above, a consolidated single plate was produced in the same manner as in Example 1, and the bending strength and bending Young's modulus of the obtained consolidated single plate were measured. The results are shown in Table 2. In Table 2, sample 15 is the consolidated single plate of Example 1 described above.
The bending strength and bending Young's modulus were measured in accordance with JIS Z 2101 wood test method. The direction of bending the consolidated single plate was the same as the span direction and the fiber direction of the test piece, and the central concentrated load method was used.

表2に示す結果を見ると、圧縮率が30%未満では圧密効果が少なく、他方、圧縮率が50%以上になると、比重が急激に高くなってくるが、曲げ強度、曲げヤング係数の上昇は少なくなることが判る。尚、70%以上になると高含水率状態ではスプリングバックによりプレス解放後に厚さが戻り易い。従って、圧縮率30〜70%程度、特に圧縮率30〜50%程度に圧縮することが好ましい。   From the results shown in Table 2, when the compression ratio is less than 30%, the consolidation effect is small. On the other hand, when the compression ratio is 50% or more, the specific gravity increases rapidly, but the bending strength and bending Young's modulus increase. It turns out that there are fewer. In addition, when it becomes 70% or more, the thickness easily returns after the press is released by the spring back in the high water content state. Therefore, it is preferable to compress to a compression rate of about 30 to 70%, particularly to a compression rate of about 30 to 50%.

(試験2)
上述した実施例1において、使用した単板の含水率を何れも50%とし、また寸法を表3に示すように代えた以外は、実施例1と同様にして圧密化単板を製造した。圧密治具の内部空隙に対する単板の水分量を算出すると共に、回復度を測定して、それらの結果を表3に示した。尚、表3中、サンプル23が、上述した実施例1の圧密化単板である。
(Test 2)
In Example 1 described above, a consolidated veneer was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the moisture content of each veneer used was 50% and the dimensions were changed as shown in Table 3. While calculating | requiring the moisture content of the single board | plate with respect to the internal space | gap of a compacting jig | tool, the recovery degree was measured and those results were shown in Table 3. In Table 3, sample 23 is the consolidated single plate of Example 1 described above.

回復度は、下記の回復試験を行い、下記式により求めた。
回復度(%)=(LR−LC)/(LO−LC) ×100
(但し、LRは回復試験後の全乾状態の厚さであり、LCは圧密後の全乾状態の厚さであり、LOは圧密前の全乾状態の厚さである。)
回復試験は次の方法で行った。圧密化した試験体を105℃で24時間乾燥し圧密後の暑さ(LC)を測定した後、沸騰水中で2時間煮沸し回復試験を行った。その後、105℃で24時間乾燥し回復試験後の厚さ(LR)を測定した。
表3中の治具内部空隙は、上型の凸部が下型の凹部内に入って、その凸部が、上側の金網に突き当たった時点の空隙であり、該空隙に容積(体積)には、スペーサーや金網(金網内の空隙も同様)の体積は含めない。
The degree of recovery was determined by the following formula after performing the following recovery test.
Recovery degree (%) = (L R −L C ) / (L O −L C ) × 100
(However, L R is the thickness in the completely dry state after the recovery test, L C is the thickness in the completely dry state after consolidation, and L O is the thickness in the completely dry state before consolidation.)
The recovery test was conducted by the following method. The compacted specimen was dried at 105 ° C. for 24 hours, and the heat (L C ) after consolidation was measured, and then boiled in boiling water for 2 hours, and a recovery test was performed. Then, it dried at 105 degreeC for 24 hours, and measured the thickness ( LR ) after a recovery test.
The gap inside the jig in Table 3 is a gap at the time when the convex part of the upper mold enters the concave part of the lower mold and the convex part hits the upper wire mesh. Does not include the volume of spacers or wire meshes (similar to voids in wire meshes).

表3に示す結果から、圧密治具の内部空隙に対する単板の水分量が、圧縮変形の永久固定化に影響することが判る。即ち、圧密治具内部空隙に対する単板の水分量が0.18以上であることが、永久固定化に好ましいことが判る。  From the results shown in Table 3, it can be seen that the moisture content of the veneer with respect to the internal gap of the compacting jig affects the permanent fixation of the compression deformation. That is, it can be seen that the moisture content of the single plate relative to the internal space of the compacting jig is preferably 0.18 or more for permanent fixation.

(試験3)
上述した実施例1において、使用した単板の含水率を表4に示すように代えた以外は、実施例1と同様にして圧密化単板を製造した。圧縮加熱処理中の圧密治具の内圧と、回復度とを測定して、それらの結果を表4に示した。尚、表4中、サンプル35が、上述した実施例1についての結果である。
(Test 3)
A consolidated veneer was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the moisture content of the veneer used in Example 1 was changed as shown in Table 4. The internal pressure and the degree of recovery of the compacting jig during the compression heat treatment were measured, and the results are shown in Table 4. In Table 4, sample 35 is the result for Example 1 described above.

表4に示すように、寸法370mm×370mmの試験片を用いて単板含水率の異なる条件で圧密処理した場合は、単板含水率が50%以上で圧縮変形が永久固定化される。これは、上記の水分量/空隙が0.18と同様の条件であり、また、含水率が低くなると回復度が大きくなるが、これは、含水率を一定とした場合に単板寸法が小さくなることと同様である。このことから、単板の水分量に対する圧密時の圧密治具内部空隙が0.18以上であれば、永久固定化できることが判る。   As shown in Table 4, when compression treatment is performed using a test piece having a size of 370 mm × 370 mm under different conditions of the moisture content of the single plate, the compression deformation is permanently fixed when the moisture content of the single plate is 50% or more. This is the same condition as the above-mentioned water content / void is 0.18, and the degree of recovery increases when the moisture content is low. This is because the single plate size is small when the moisture content is constant. It is the same as becoming. From this, it can be seen that if the internal gap of the compacting jig during compaction with respect to the moisture content of the single plate is 0.18 or more, it can be permanently fixed.

(試験4)
上述した実施例1において、第2圧締工程における温度条件及び時間を表5に示すように代えた以外は、実施例1と同様にして圧密化単板を製造した。この場合の回復度を求め、それらの結果を表5に示した。尚、表5中、温度200度、時間300秒の結果が、上述した実施例1についての結果である。
(Test 4)
A consolidated veneer was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the temperature conditions and time in the second pressing step were changed as shown in Table 5 in Example 1. The degree of recovery in this case was determined, and the results are shown in Table 5. In Table 5, the result of the temperature of 200 degrees and the time of 300 seconds is the result of the above-described Example 1.

表5に示す結果から、220℃では、120秒以下、200℃では、180秒以下で回復度が0%となり圧縮変形が永久固定化されることが判る。尚、240℃では約60秒で固定化されるが、密閉治具内部圧力が急激に上昇し2.0MPa以上となるため簡単な密閉容器では圧密処理が困難となるため、好ましくない。   From the results shown in Table 5, it can be seen that at 220 ° C., 120 seconds or less, and at 200 ° C., at 180 seconds or less, the degree of recovery becomes 0% and the compression deformation is permanently fixed. Although it is fixed in about 60 seconds at 240 ° C., the internal pressure of the sealing jig rises rapidly and becomes 2.0 MPa or more, so that it is difficult to perform the compacting process with a simple sealed container.

<合板の製造及び性能評価>
1.圧密化単板の製造
厚さ3.3mm×幅950mm×長さ1,850mmのファルカータ生単板を使用し、圧縮率55%、加熱温度200℃、加熱時間300秒の条件で圧密化処理を行い、厚さ1.5mmのファルカータ圧密化単板を製造した。使用した生単板の含水率は70%〜100%である。
ファルカータ生単板は、メッシュ200の畳織金網に挟んだ状態で圧密治具内に配置し、密閉状態で加圧及び加熱して圧密化した。
圧密化単板の製造条件を表6に示す。
尚、乾燥工程は、圧密治具内部圧力を大気圧に開放後実施した。また、冷却工程は、圧密治具から圧密単板を取り出した後、コールドプレスを用いてプレスした。
<Manufacture and performance evaluation of plywood>
1. Production of consolidated veneer Using a Falcata raw veneer with a thickness of 3.3 mm x width 950 mm x length 1,850 mm, the consolidation process is performed under the conditions of a compression rate of 55%, a heating temperature of 200 ° C, and a heating time of 300 seconds. And a 1.5 mm thick Falcata compacted veneer was produced. The moisture content of the raw veneer used is 70% to 100%.
The raw Falcata veneer was placed in a compacting jig while being sandwiched between mesh 200 tatami woven wire nets, and compacted by pressing and heating in a sealed state.
Table 6 shows the manufacturing conditions of the consolidated veneer.
The drying process was performed after releasing the pressure inside the compacting jig to atmospheric pressure. In the cooling step, the compacted single plate was taken out from the compacting jig and then pressed using a cold press.

2.圧密化単板の物性
得られた圧縮率55%の圧密ファルカータ単板について、曲げ強度及び曲げヤング係数を測定した結果、曲げ強度が113MPa、曲げヤング係数が16GPaであり、現在、針葉樹構造用合板に多用されているロシアカラマツ(ラーチ)単板の約1.2倍の曲げ強度、曲げヤング係数があった。また、この圧密化単板の回復度は最大3%であり永久固定化されていた。
曲げ強度及び曲げヤング係数の測定は、JIS Z 2101木材の試験方法に準拠し、上記の試験1と同様の方法により測定した。圧密化単板を曲げる方向は、スパンの方向と試験片の繊維方向が同じ方向とし、中央集中荷重方式にて行った。試験片は、幅50mm×長さ200mm、スパン150mmとした。
2. Physical properties of consolidated veneer As a result of measuring bending strength and bending Young's modulus for the obtained compressed Falcarta veneer with a compression ratio of 55%, the bending strength was 113 MPa and the bending Young's modulus was 16 GPa. The bending strength and bending Young's modulus were about 1.2 times that of Russian larch (larch) single plate. Further, the degree of recovery of this consolidated veneer was 3% at the maximum and was permanently fixed.
The bending strength and bending Young's modulus were measured by the same method as in Test 1 described above in accordance with the JIS Z 2101 wood test method. The direction of bending the consolidated single plate was the same as the span direction and the fiber direction of the test piece, and the central concentrated load method was used. The test piece had a width of 50 mm, a length of 200 mm, and a span of 150 mm.

圧密ファルカータの物性と、従来の単板の物性とを比較して表7に示した。
尚、表7中、圧密ファルカータより下の4つの単板は、表中に記載の樹種から得られた単板であり、圧密化処理を行っていないものである。
Table 7 shows a comparison of the physical properties of the consolidated falcarter and the physical properties of a conventional single plate.
In Table 7, the four veneers below the consolidated falcarter are veneers obtained from the tree species listed in the table, and are not subjected to consolidation treatment.

3.圧密化単板貼り合板の製造
このファルカータ圧密化単板を表板及び裏板に使用した、厚さ24mm×幅910mm× 長さ1,820mmの合板を試作した。
(1)単板構成
製造する圧密単板貼り合板は、図5にその一部を示すように、表板1A及び裏板1Bに、上述のようにして得られた圧密ファルカータ単板を使用し、ラジアータパイン又はファルカータを芯板及びそえ芯板1Cとして使用して9プライの構成としたものである。表8に示す通り、合板1は、ラジアータパインを芯板及びそえ芯板1Cとし、合板2は、ファルカータを芯板及びそえ芯板1Cとした。
表8は、各層に使用した単板の種類(樹種)、単板の厚さ(プレス前の厚さ)、各層の枚数を示している。即ち、合板1は、表板及び裏板は厚さ1.5mmの圧密ファルカータ単板が各1層、そえ芯板は厚さ3.2mmのラジアータパイン単板が4層、芯板は厚さ8.0mmのラジアータパイン単板が3層の9プライ(9層)の単板構成とした。尚、表板、裏板及び芯板は繊維方向が長さ方向、そえ芯板は繊維方向が幅方向の単板であり、そえ芯板と芯板を繊維方向が交互になるように積層し、表板と裏板それぞれはそえ芯板上に積層した(表板/そえ芯板/芯板/そえ芯板/芯板/そえ芯板/芯板/そえ芯板/裏板)。
3. Manufacture of compacted veneer bonded plywood A plywood having a thickness of 24 mm, a width of 910 mm, and a length of 1,820 mm using the Falcata consolidated veneer as a front plate and a back plate was produced.
(1) Single plate configuration As shown in FIG. 5, the consolidated single plate laminated plywood to be manufactured uses the consolidated Falcarta single plate obtained as described above for the front plate 1A and the back plate 1B. Radiata pine or Falcater is used as the core plate and the core plate 1C to form a 9-ply structure. As shown in Table 8, the plywood 1 was a radiata pine as a core plate and a top core plate 1C, and the plywood 2 was a falcarter as a core plate and a top core plate 1C.
Table 8 shows the type of single plate (tree species) used for each layer, the thickness of the single plate (thickness before pressing), and the number of layers. That is, for the plywood 1, the front plate and the back plate are each one layer of a 1.5 mm thick compacted Falcater single plate, the core plate is a 3.2 mm thick radialata pine single plate, and the core plate is thick. The 8.0 mm radiusata pine veneer had a 9-ply (9-layer) veneer configuration with 3 layers. The front plate, back plate and core plate are single plates in which the fiber direction is the length direction, and the core plate is the width direction in the fiber direction, and the core plate and the core plate are laminated so that the fiber directions are alternated. Each of the front plate and the back plate was laminated on the plate core plate (front plate / wall core plate / core plate / wall core plate / core plate / wall core plate / core plate / wall core plate / back plate).

(2)接着剤
接着剤は、フェノール樹脂系接着剤を使用した。主剤であるフェノール樹脂は、Jケミカルズ(旧ホーネンコーポレーション)製の加熱硬化型アルカリ・フェノール樹脂(レゾール型)PF−330を使用し、表9に示した他の原料を混合し粘度調整を行って使用した。
(2) Adhesive A phenol resin adhesive was used as the adhesive. The phenolic resin, which is the main agent, is a heat-curing alkali / phenolic resin (resole type) PF-330 manufactured by J Chemicals (formerly Honen Corporation), mixed with other raw materials shown in Table 9, and adjusted in viscosity. used.

(3)製造条件
・糊付け〜貼り上げ
接着剤は塗布量を片面200g/m2以上、両面で400g/m2以上とし、そえ芯板に使用する単板の両面にスプレッダーを使用して塗布した。接着剤塗布後、単板を上記(1)の単板構成に記載の構成で積層した。
・プレス
上記の単板の積層物(LVLを意味しない)を、冷圧プレス0.9N/mm2で30分、次に熱圧プレス0.9N/mm2で10分でプレスし、合板を製造した。プレス条件を表10に示した。
(3) Manufacturing conditions / Gluing to Pasting Adhesive was applied at 200 g / m 2 or more on one side and 400 g / m 2 or more on both sides, and applied using a spreader on both sides of the single plate used for the core plate. . After application of the adhesive, the single plate was laminated with the configuration described in the single plate configuration of (1) above.
-Press The above laminate of single plates (not meaning LVL) is pressed with a cold press 0.9 N / mm 2 for 30 minutes, and then with a hot press 0.9 N / mm 2 for 10 minutes. Manufactured. Table 10 shows the pressing conditions.

(4)圧密単板貼り合板の性能
得られた合板の比重、曲げ強度、曲げヤング係数を測定し、表11に示した。表11には、比較のため、合板1,合板2に加えて、他の合板の構成及び同様にして測定したそれらの合板の物性を併せて示した。
表11に示すように、圧密ファルカータ単板を、表板及び裏板に使用して得た圧密ファルカータ/ラジアータ合板(合板1)の曲げ強度、曲げヤング係数は、針葉樹構造用合板に使用されている、オールラーチ、ラーチ/ラジアータ、ラーチ/スギと同等の性能があった。また、圧密ファルカータ/ファルカータ合板(合板2)は、これらより少し性能が低いが、床パネルとして使用するには充分な性能を持っており、また、比重は0.4と低く、軽量でありながら高強度の合板であった。
(4) Performance of consolidated veneer laminated plywood Specific gravity, bending strength and bending Young's modulus of the obtained plywood were measured and shown in Table 11. In Table 11, for comparison, in addition to the plywood 1 and the plywood 2, the structure of other plywood and the physical properties of those plywood measured in the same manner are shown.
As shown in Table 11, the bending strength and bending Young's modulus of the consolidated falcarta / radiata plywood (plywood 1) obtained by using the consolidated falcarta single plate for the front and back plates are used for softwood plywood. It had the same performance as Allrach, Larch / Radiata, Larch / Sugi. In addition, the consolidated Falcarta / Falcarta plywood (plywood 2) is slightly lower in performance than these, but has sufficient performance for use as a floor panel, and its specific gravity is as low as 0.4, while being lightweight. It was a high-strength plywood.

密閉可能な容器内に、単板を、一対の畳織金網間に挟んだ状態で収容する様子を示す断面図である。It is sectional drawing which shows a mode that a veneer is accommodated in the container which can be sealed in the state pinched | interposed between a pair of tatami mat. 密閉した容器内で、単板と畳織金網との積層体を圧縮加熱処理する様子を示す断面図であり、図1に対応する断面を示す図である。It is sectional drawing which shows a mode that the laminated body of a veneer and a tatami woven wire net is compression-heat-processed in the airtight container, and is a figure which shows the cross section corresponding to FIG. 平畳織の金網の一例を示す図で、(a)は、一部を拡大して示す平面図であり、(b)は、(a)を側方から見た図であり、(c)は、(a)を下方から見た図である。It is a figure which shows an example of a flat woven wire mesh, (a) is a top view which expands and shows a part, (b) is the figure which looked at (a) from the side, (c) These are the figures which looked at (a) from the downward direction. 綾織の金網の一例を示す図で、(a)は、一部を拡大して示す平面図であり、(b)は、(a)を側方から見た図であり、(c)は、(a)を下方から見た図である。It is a figure which shows an example of a wire mesh of a twill weave, (a) is a top view which expands and shows a part, (b) is the figure which looked at (a) from the side, (c), It is the figure which looked at (a) from the lower part. 本発明の方法により製造した圧密化単板を用いた合板の一を示す斜視図である。It is a perspective view which shows an example of the plywood using the compacted single board manufactured by the method of this invention.

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

1 単板
2,3 畳織金網
10 圧密治具(密閉可能な容器)
11 下型
11 凹部
12 上型
20 合板
1A,1B 合板の表材及び裏材として用いた圧密化単板
1C 芯板及びそえ芯板
1 Single plate 2, 3 tatami woven wire mesh 10 Consolidation jig (containable container)
11 Lower mold 11 Recess 12 Upper mold 20 Plywood 1A, 1B Consolidated single plate 1C used as a front and back material of plywood

Claims (2)

密閉可能な容器内に、単板を、一対の畳織金網間に挟んだ状態で収容した後、該容器を密閉した状態で、前記単板と前記両畳織金網との積層体を、圧縮しながら加熱することを特徴とする圧密化単板の製造方法。   After storing the veneer in a sealable container sandwiched between a pair of tatami woven wire meshes, the laminate of the veneer and the tatami woven wire meshes is compressed with the container sealed. A method for producing a consolidated veneer characterized by heating while heating. 前記単板が、生単板であることを特徴とする請求項1記載の圧密化単板の製造方法。   2. The method for producing a consolidated veneer according to claim 1, wherein the veneer is a green veneer.
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