JP4403021B2 - Non-ferrous metal sorting apparatus and non-ferrous metal sorting method using the same - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a non-ferrous metal sorting apparatus that sorts non-ferrous metal pieces from waste such as shredder dust by a rotating drum arranged with the same poles of permanent magnets facing in the circumferential direction, and a non-ferrous metal sorting method using the same.
Specifically, the present invention relates to a non-ferrous metal sorting apparatus that sorts non-ferrous metals such as aluminum and brass from ASR (shredder dust) generated when scrapping a scrap car in scrap car recycling, and a non-ferrous metal sorting method using the same.

In recent years, as part of countermeasures for global environmental problems, studies are underway to crush scrap cars and recycle them as resources. Non-ferrous metals that sort non-ferrous metals such as aluminum and brass from ASR (shredder dust) generated when crushing scrap cars. Various proposals have been made for sorting devices.
For example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 9-215943 proposes a rotating drum type nonmagnetic metal sorting and collecting apparatus that constitutes a rotating drum by a conventional magnet arrangement (different pole arrangement) in which different magnetic poles are opposed in the circumferential direction. .
However, the apparatus disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 9-215943 uses a vector composite force FT of an electromagnetic induction force FM generated by reverse rotation of the drum and a belt conveyance force FB to fly the sample vertically on the belt. The sample is collected, and the magnet is arranged in a different polarity so that different poles face each other in the conventional circumferential direction, so the gradient of the magnetic flux density with respect to the interval L of the permanent magnet is made too large. However, it was difficult to remove samples of 10 mm or less.

Also, adjustment of the belt conveyance force FB and the electromagnetic induction force FM generated by the reverse rotation of the drum, as well as adjustment of the air volume, makes adjustment difficult, and air is also required for removal. Since the device configuration is complicated, there is a problem that the device cost is high.
Further, regarding a rotating drum in which the same poles of permanent magnets are arranged facing each other in the circumferential direction, for example, in Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 6-77835, permanent magnets and yoke materials are alternately arranged in the circumferential direction. A nonferrous metal recovery device has been proposed in which the width of the steel is smaller than the width of the permanent magnet.
However, in the device disclosed in Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 6-77835, it is specified that the yoke thickness Ty is smaller than the magnet thickness TM, and the ratio is calculated from the contents of the paragraph 0016 of P6. Ty: TM is about 1: 3.
The wide magnet thickness means that the gradient of the magnetic flux density becomes gradual, and it is difficult to remove the small diameter when using reverse rotation.

Therefore, the inventors efficiently remove non-ferrous metals such as aluminum contained in ASR in order to develop copper concentration separation technology from ASR in recycling used cars (concentration target is 50% or more that can be sold). I have been doing research and development on methods.
Regarding the concentration technology, it was a problem how to remove non-ferrous metals such as aluminum and brass that are abundant in ASR (40-50%), especially small diameter (about 3-10mm). .
JP-A-9-215943 Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 6-77835

  The present invention solves the problems of the prior art as described above, and enables removal of non-ferrous metals up to small diameters, which has been difficult in the past, including large diameters. Non-ferrous metal sorting device that can not only concentrate copper but also collect a large amount of non-ferrous metals including small caliber and non-ferrous metal using the same It is an object to provide a sorting method.

The present invention has been made as a result of diligent studies in order to solve the above-mentioned problems, and classifies the ASR into large and small diameters, the large diameter ASR is processed in the normal rotation of the drum, and the small diameter ASR is the reverse of the drum. By processing by rotation, it is possible to remove non-ferrous metals up to small diameters, including large ones, which were difficult in the past, and achieve the copper concentration technology target (copper concentration 50% or more) from ASR The present invention provides a non-ferrous metal sorting device that can not only concentrate copper but also collect a large amount of non-ferrous metals including a small diameter and a non-ferrous metal sorting method using the same. The gist of the invention is as follows, as described in the claims.
(1) A non-ferrous metal sorting device that sorts non-ferrous metal pieces from waste by a rotating drum arranged with the same pole of a permanent magnet facing in the circumferential direction,
Vibrating sieve with an opening of 10 mm that vibrates the waste and classifies it into a large diameter of 10 mm or more and a small diameter of less than 10 mm ;
A first rotating drum that is disposed on an inner periphery of a belt that conveys the classified large-diameter waste , and that rotates in the same direction as the traveling direction of the belt to perform selection of non-ferrous metal;
Is disposed on the inner periphery of the belt for conveying the waste small diameter that the classification, is rotated in the direction opposite to the traveling direction of the belt have a second rotary drum for performing sorting processing of non-ferrous metals, the vibration A non-ferrous metal sorting device characterized in that the opening of the sieve and the thickness H of the permanent magnet are substantially the same .
(2) The nonferrous metal sorting apparatus according to (1) , wherein a length ΔL which is ½ of the interval between the permanent magnets is made substantially the same as a thickness H of the permanent magnet.
(3) A non-ferrous metal sorting method using the non-ferrous metal sorting apparatus according to (1) or (2) .

  According to the present invention, sieve selection is performed using the magnet thickness H of the rotating drum as a guideline, the sieved product is processed in the drum normal rotation, and the sieved product is processed in the drum reverse rotation, including the large diameter, It was possible to remove non-ferrous metals up to small diameters, which was difficult to achieve, and achieved the original target of copper concentration technology (copper concentration of 50% or more) from ASR, making it available for sale. In addition, not only to concentrate copper, but also to collect a large amount of non-ferrous metals including small diameters, so this is also a sales target, so non-ferrous metal sorting equipment that can greatly contribute to reducing waste car recycling costs In addition, the present invention provides a remarkable industrially useful effect such as providing a nonferrous metal sorting method using the same.

An embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to FIGS.
FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating an embodiment of a non-ferrous metal sorting apparatus according to the present invention.
In FIG. 1, 1 is a vibrating sieve, 2 is an outlet for sieving, 3 is an outlet for sieving, 4 is a first rotating drum, 4 'is a second rotating drum, 5 is a belt, 6 is a belt drive roll, 7 is A rotary drum drive motor, 8 is a belt drive motor.
The present inventors conducted the following theoretical study on the removal of non-ferrous metals with a small diameter (about 3 to 10 mm) such as aluminum and brass that are contained in large amounts (40 to 50%) in ASR. As a result, the present inventors have found that non-ferrous metals having both diameters can be sorted by classifying ASR into large and small diameters and changing the sorting method.
That is, the present invention is a non-ferrous metal sorting device that sorts non-ferrous metal pieces from ASR by a rotating drum arranged with the same pole of a permanent magnet facing in the circumferential direction, and the ASR is vibrated to have a large or small aperture. A vibrating sieve 1 for classification, a first rotating drum 4 for performing a sorting process of non-ferrous metal by rotating in the same direction as the traveling direction of the classified large-diameter ASR, and the traveling direction of the classified small-diameter ASR And a second rotating drum 4 ′ that rotates in the reverse direction and performs a non-ferrous metal sorting process.

As shown in FIG. 1, first, the ASR is classified into large and small diameters by the vibrating sieve 1. In the present invention, the method of the vibrating sieve 1 is not limited. However, since the apparatus is simple and easy to handle, a method of vibrating the sieve by mechanical vibration is preferable.
Here, in this specification, the aperture of the ASR refers to the average value D of the major axis of the ASR.
The present inventors generate a repulsive force or attractive force in non-ferrous metal in units of a distance ΔL that is ½ of the interval between permanent magnets in a rotating drum arranged with the same poles of the permanent magnets facing each other in the circumferential direction. ) Non-ferrous metal having a diameter larger than ΔL scatters forward by forward rotation of the drum, and 2) If non-ferrous metal having a diameter smaller than ∆L, the forward rotation of the drum causes reverse rotation on the spot and does not scatter forward. I found that it was scattered forward by rotation.
In addition, it is found that these forces are proportional to the square of the gradient of the magnetic flux density with respect to ΔL according to the theoretical formula described later. It has been found that the same-pole arrangement in which the same poles of the permanent magnets are opposed to each other in the circumferential direction than the arrangement (different pole arrangement) can increase the gradient of the magnetic flux density with respect to ΔL.

Therefore, the ASR is classified into large and small calibers, and the large caliber ASR is rotated in the same direction as the ASR traveling direction to perform the sorting process by the first rotating drum 4 that performs the sorting process of the non-ferrous metal. As for ASR, the sorting process is performed by the second rotating drum 4 'that rotates in the direction opposite to the traveling direction of the ASR and sorts the non-ferrous metal.
That is, the large-diameter ASR classified by the vibrating sieve 1 is inserted on a belt 5 having a rotating drum 4 that rotates forward from the sieve outlet 2, and the same pole of the permanent magnet is opposed in the circumferential direction. By rotating the arranged rotating drum 4 in the same direction as the traveling direction of the ASR, the non-ferrous metal can be scattered forward and separated from the residue such as iron.
Further, the small-diameter ASR classified by the vibrating sieve 1 is inserted on a belt 5 having a rotating drum 4 ′ that is reversed from the sieve outlet 3, and the same pole of the permanent magnet is opposed in the circumferential direction. By rotating the arranged rotating drum 4 ′ in the direction opposite to the traveling direction of the ASR, the nonferrous metal can be scattered forward and separated from residues such as iron.
Moreover, it is preferable that the opening of the vibrating sieve 1 is substantially the same as the thickness H of the permanent magnet. As will be described later, when the diameter of the ASR is less than the thickness H of the permanent magnet, the non-ferrous metal can be scattered forward by rotating the rotating drum in the direction opposite to the traveling direction of the ASR.

Further, by making the length ΔL which is ½ of the interval between the permanent magnets substantially the same as the thickness H of the permanent magnets, it is possible to increase the sorting efficiency of non-ferrous metals.
As will be described later, when the average value D of the major axis of the non-ferrous metal has a relationship of H <D <ΔL, the non-ferrous metal does not scatter forward and moves forward while rotating in reverse. Sorting efficiency is reduced.
Therefore, by making ΔL substantially the same as H, it is possible to increase the sorting efficiency of non-ferrous metals by eliminating the condition of poor sorting efficiency by not satisfying the relationship of H <D <ΔL.
It should be noted that the sorting efficiency can be further improved by repeating the small-diameter ASR sorting process in the present embodiment twice or more.
In the present invention, even when not classified by a vibrating sieve as shown in FIG. 1, it is also possible to sort non-ferrous metals according to the size of the diameter D by properly using one rotating drum for normal rotation and reverse rotation. .
Specifically, when classifying to a larger diameter than the diameter D, the rotating drum is rotated in the same direction as the waste traveling direction, and when classifying to a smaller diameter than the diameter D, the direction of waste is reversed. By rotating the rotating drum in the direction, it is possible to perform the nonferrous metal sorting process for the diameter D.

2 to 4 are diagrams illustrating the structure of the rotating drum used in the present invention, in which FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view, FIG. 3 is a side view, and FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a magnetic flux distribution generated between magnets.
2 to 4, 4 is a rotating drum, 9 is a resin roll, 10 is a hoop band, 11 is a permanent magnet, 12 is a ball bearing, and 13 is a side plate.
The rotating drum used in the present invention has a structure in which permanent magnets are arranged in the same direction in the circumferential direction as shown in FIG.
Compared with the conventional case where permanent magnets are arranged in different directions in the circumferential direction, the gradient of the magnetic flux density ΔB acting in the radial direction of the rotating drum can be increased, so that the force acting on the nonferrous metal can be increased. it can.
Further, the permanent magnet 11 is inserted into the rotating drum and has a structure in which the periphery thereof is fixed by the hoop band 10.
A resin roll 9 is disposed on the outer periphery of the rotating drum, and the resin roll rotates in contact with the belt to convey the ASR.
FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a magnetic flux distribution generated between magnets, the left side shows a different polarity arrangement (conventional example), and the right side shows the same polarity arrangement (example of the present invention). As shown in FIG. 4, in the example of the present invention, the change in the magnetic flux distribution between the magnets is larger than in the conventional example, and the gradient of the magnetic flux density is increased, so that the scattering force acting on the nonferrous metal piece on the belt can be improved. it can.

ここに、Ｋ：定数
ｍ：非鉄金属の質量
Ｖ：永久磁石の移動速度
ΔＢ：磁束密度
ｒ：永久磁石と非鉄金属との距離
σ：非鉄金属の密度
ρ：非鉄金属の低効率
Ｌ：非鉄金属と磁束φ１の鎖交長
この（Ａ）式からわかるように、
このクーロン力ΔＦは、磁束密度の傾きの２乗に比例することから、磁束密度の傾きが大きくなる同極配置の方が大きくなることがわかる。 5 to 8 are diagrams for explaining the theory of attractive force and repulsive force acting on non-ferrous metal.
In FIG. 5, when the permanent magnet moves at high speed in the direction of the arrow (the direction in which the magnetic flux φ1 increases with respect to the nonferrous metal) due to the rotation of the drum, in addition to the magnetic flux φ1 of the permanent magnet, Is generated and a magnetic flux φ2 is generated, so that a Coulomb force ΔF (− is a repulsive force) expressed by the following equation (A) is generated between φ1 and φ2. In addition, an attractive force is generated in the direction in which the magnetic flux φ1 is linked to the non-ferrous metal while decreasing.

Where K: constant
m: mass of non-ferrous metal
V: Movement speed of the permanent magnet
ΔB: Magnetic flux density
r: Distance between permanent magnet and non-ferrous metal
σ: Density of non-ferrous metal
ρ: Low efficiency of non-ferrous metals
L: Linkage length of non-ferrous metal and magnetic flux φ1 As can be seen from this equation (A),
Since the Coulomb force ΔF is proportional to the square of the gradient of the magnetic flux density, it can be understood that the same-pole arrangement in which the gradient of the magnetic flux density is large becomes larger.

FIG. 6 is a diagram for explaining the force acting on a non-ferrous metal when H≈ΔL <D.
When the average value D of the major axis of the non-ferrous metal is ΔL or more, the reason for flying forward by forward rotation of the drum is as shown in FIG. It is considered that two repulsive forces and one attractive force are generated, and the repulsive force exceeds the attractive force, so that it is scattered in the repulsive force generation direction.
FIG. 7 is a diagram for explaining the force acting on the nonferrous metal when H <D <ΔL.
When the average value D of the major axis of the non-ferrous metal is equal to or less than ΔL and the permanent magnet thickness is equal to or larger than the permanent magnet thickness H, the reason for moving forward while rotating in reverse with the drum is that As shown in FIG. 7, one repulsive force and one attractive force are generated in the non-ferrous metal, and a rotational moment force in the direction opposite to the drum rotation direction is generated, so that the non-ferrous metal starts to reversely rotate. become. However, in the case of a sample having a magnet thickness of H or more, it is considered that the magnetic field flew only about H + α from the belt surface, so that the rotational moment force was insufficient and did not come out of the belt surface.
FIG. 8 is a diagram for explaining the force acting on a non-ferrous metal when D <H≈ΔL.
The reason why the sample whose average diameter D of the non-ferrous metal has a magnet thickness of H or less flies forward by reverse rotation of the drum is that the rotation moment force is sufficient in the case of the sample of the magnet thickness H or less, It is thought that it jumps out of the belt surface in the form of kicking the surface and jumping.

FIG. 9 is a diagram showing the effect of performing the sorting process using the non-ferrous metal sorting apparatus of the present invention.
The rotating drum used in this example is a small experimental apparatus (rotating drum with magnets arranged in the same polarity) having a diameter of 150 mm, a width of 60 mm, and a rotation speed of MAX 3600 rpm, a vibrating sieve opening of 10 mm, and a permanent magnet thickness H. Was 10 mm, and the interval between the permanent magnets was 14.7 mm.
The upper part of FIG. 9 shows the distribution of the magnetic flux density on the belt surface according to the distance from the center of the rotating drum, and the magnetic flux density is reduced in inverse proportion to the distance from the center of the rotating drum.

The lower part of FIG. 9 shows the state of selection according to the average value of the major axis of the non-ferrous metal when the rotating drum is rotated forward and backward. 1) A size larger than ΔL (= 14.7 mm) If it is non-ferrous metal, it will scatter forward in the forward rotation of the drum. 2) If it is smaller than ΔL and larger than the magnet thickness H (= 10mm), it can be removed because it moves forward while rotating in the reverse direction of the drum. The efficiency is bad, and the drum does not scatter forward in the reverse rotation of the drum. 3) And if the sample is less than H and 1 / 3H or more, the result is that the drum scatters forward in the reverse rotation of the drum. Although the results were different, we were able to confirm the phenomenon almost as estimated from the theory.
As a result, the aluminum content 40% before sorting by the first rotating drum rotating in the forward direction increased to 84% after sorting, and a concentration that could be sold as an aluminum raw material could be achieved.
In addition, the aluminum content of 27% before sorting by the second rotating drum that reverses increased to 43% after sorting, and reached a concentration that can be sold as a mixed metal together with brass.
Furthermore, the copper content of 20% in the residue before the treatment reaches 59%, and the copper content in the residue after sorting the nonferrous metal using the nonferrous metal separator of the present invention reaches 50%. It was confirmed that the content ratio far exceeds the above.

It is a figure which illustrates embodiment of the nonferrous metal sorting device of this invention. It is sectional drawing which illustrates the structure of the rotating drum used for this invention. It is a side view which illustrates the structure of the rotating drum used for this invention. It is a figure which shows magnetic flux distribution which arises between magnets. It is a figure explaining the theory of the attractive force and repulsive force which act on a nonferrous metal. It is a figure explaining the force which acts on a nonferrous metal in the case of H ≒ ΔL <D. It is a figure explaining the force which acts on a nonferrous metal in case of H <D <(DELTA) L. It is a figure explaining the force which acts on a nonferrous metal in case of D <H ≒ ΔL. It is a figure which shows the effect which implemented the sorting process using the nonferrous metal sorting apparatus of this invention.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Vibrating sieve 2 Sieve top exit 3 Sieve bottom exit 4 1st rotation drum 4 '2nd rotation drum 5 Belt 6 Belt drive roll 7 Rotation drum drive motor 8 Belt drive motor 9 Resin roll 10 Hoop band 11 Permanent magnet 12 Ball Bearing 13 Side plate

Claims (3)

A non-ferrous metal sorting device that sorts non-ferrous metal pieces from waste by a rotating drum arranged with the same pole of a permanent magnet facing in the circumferential direction,
Vibrating sieve with an opening of 10 mm that vibrates the waste and classifies it into a large diameter of 10 mm or more and a small diameter of less than 10 mm ;
A first rotating drum that is disposed on an inner periphery of a belt that conveys the classified large-diameter waste , and that rotates in the same direction as the traveling direction of the belt to perform selection of non-ferrous metal;
Is disposed on the inner periphery of the belt for conveying the waste small diameter that the classification, is rotated in the direction opposite to the traveling direction of the belt have a second rotary drum for performing sorting processing of non-ferrous metals, the vibration A non-ferrous metal sorting device characterized in that the opening of the sieve and the thickness H of the permanent magnet are substantially the same .   2. The nonferrous metal sorting apparatus according to claim 1, wherein a length ΔL which is a half of the interval between the permanent magnets is made substantially equal to a thickness H of the permanent magnet. A nonferrous metal sorting method using the nonferrous metal sorting apparatus according to claim 1 or 2 .

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