JP4402779B2 - New yeast with high organic acid production and its use - Google Patents

New yeast with high organic acid production and its use Download PDF

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JP4402779B2
JP4402779B2 JP29038799A JP29038799A JP4402779B2 JP 4402779 B2 JP4402779 B2 JP 4402779B2 JP 29038799 A JP29038799 A JP 29038799A JP 29038799 A JP29038799 A JP 29038799A JP 4402779 B2 JP4402779 B2 JP 4402779B2
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yeast
sake
organic acid
acidity
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JP2001103958A (en
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忠男 浅野
駿太郎 矢野
直孝 黒瀬
彰二 垂水
貞夫 川北
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宝ホールディングス株式会社
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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、クエン酸シンターゼの阻害剤に耐性を示す新規酵母及び該新規酵母を用いる酒類、食品の製造方法に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
有機酸を多く生成する酵母について、コハク酸デヒドロゲナーゼの阻害剤であるジメチルサクシネートの感受性酵母(特開平3−175975号公報)、爽快な酸味を生成する泡なし清酒酵母(特開平5−317036号公報)、コハク酸デヒドロゲナーゼの阻害剤であるテノイルトリフルオロアセトン又はオキシカルボキシン耐性酵母(特開平6−121670号公報)が知られている。
また、有機酸及び香気成分を多く生成する酵母について、シクロヘキシミド耐性酵母(日本醸造協会誌、第88巻、第8号、第645〜647頁、1993年)、メタ亜硫酸カリウムに対して馴養により取得した酵母(特開平7−203951号公報)、シクロヘキシミド耐性酵母にカプロン酸エチル高生産性を付与した多酸性酵母(日本醸造協会誌、第90巻、第10号、第751〜758頁、1995年)、アコニット酸ヒドラターゼの阻害剤感受性、基質耐性又は基質感受性酵母(特開平11−46757号)が知られている。
一方、清酒製造工程において汲水の全部あるいは一部に清酒を使用し、清酒醪を十分増殖させた酵母によりアルコール発酵させる清酒醸造法があり、甘口、濃厚芳じゅんな酒質の清酒が得られる(特公昭53−19678号公報)。この甘口、濃厚芳じゅんな清酒の製造には、甘味とのバランスから多酸性清酒酵母を用いることが良いとされており、有機酸含量が多く、香気が優れ、甘味と酸味のバランスが良い酒質の清酒を製造できる酵母が求められている。しかしながら、従来の多酸性酵母でそのようなバランスの良い酒質の清酒を得る事は容易ではない。
【0003】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明は、前記した従来技術にかんがみ、有機酸及び香気成分を更に高生産する新規酵母、及び該新規酵母を用いる酒類・食品の製造方法を提供することにある。
【0004】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明を概説すれば、本発明の第1の発明は2−オキソグルタル酸に対して耐性を示し、有機酸を高生産する新規酵母に関し、第2の発明は、第1の発明の新規酵母を用いることを特徴とする酒類、食品の製造方法に関する。
【0005】
本発明者らは、有機酸を高生産し、その酸組成にも特徴を有する酵母の取得を目的に、TCAサイクルに関与する酵素であるクエン酸シンターゼの阻害剤に耐性を示す酵母は、TCAサイクルによる有機酸生合成のバランスが変化し、有機酸を高生産するのではないかと考えた。本発明においては、クエン酸シンターゼの阻害剤の一つである2−オキソグルタル酸〔丸尾文治、田宮信雄 監修、酵素ハンドブック、第666〜667頁、1983年3月1日、初版、(株)朝倉書店発行〕を含む培地プレートに生育してくる耐性株を分離し、麹汁培養試験を実施して、有機酸を高生産し、酸度が高い株を見出した。更に清酒小仕込試験を実施し、有機酸、特に、リンゴ酸及び/又はコハク酸、並びに高級アルコールを高生産し、アセトアルデヒド及び/又は酢酸エチルを低生産する新規酵母株を得た。また、該新規酵母株を用いて酒類・食品の製造を行い、成分分析及び官能検査により、爽快で口当りの良い従来にない酸味の強い、又は非常に濃厚芳じゅんでかつ甘味と酸味のバランスの良い酒類・食品が得られることを見出し、本発明を完成した。
【0006】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、本発明を具体的に説明する。
【0007】
本発明における親株としては、酵母であればよく特に限定されないが、サッカロミセス・セレビシエに属する酵母(清酒酵母、焼酎酵母、ワイン酵母、ビール酵母又はパン酵母等)が酒類・食品の製造には好適である。
また、親株としては、変異処理株の他に野生株、馴養株、交雑株、細胞融合株及びプラスミド等による形質転換株をも含む。変異処理方法としては、酵母に公知の変異誘導方法、例えば、紫外線、放射線を照射させる方法、又はN−メチル−N′−ニトロ−N−ニトロソグアニジン、エチルメタンスルホネート(EMS)等の薬剤を適宜用いることにより行えばよく、有効な変異処理としてはエチルメタンスルホネート処理が好ましい。
【0008】
酵母に対するクエン酸シンターゼ阻害剤の最小生育阻害濃度については、親株として日本醸造協会701号株(以下、K−701と略記する)とクエン酸シンターゼの阻害剤として2−オキソグルタル酸を用いた下記の実験例1で詳しく述べる。
〔実験例1〕
K−701株をSD液体培地〔イーストニトロゲンベース(アミノ酸不含)0.67w/v%、グルコース2w/v%〕5mlで一夜振とう培養して、酵母培養液を得た。次に、2−オキソグルタル酸の濃度を0mM、20mM、25mM、30mMに調整したSD平板培地に、前培養したK−701株を植菌した。植菌後、30℃で3日間及び7日間培養後生育を観察して、生育の程度〔非常に生育した:(++)、生育した:(+)、生育しない:(−)〕を調べた。K−701株に対する2−オキソグルタル酸の最小生育阻害濃度の結果を表1に示す。
【0009】
【表1】

Figure 0004402779
【0010】
表1の結果より、3日目及び7日目供にK−701株は、20mMの2−オキソグルタル酸ではコロニーを形成するが、25mM以上の2−オキソグルタル酸ではコロニーを形成しない。したがって、本発明においてK−701株に対する2−オキソグルタル酸の最小生育阻害濃度は、25mMと決定した。
【0011】
クエン酸シンターゼの阻害剤に耐性を示し、有機酸を高生産するサッカロミセス・セレビシエに属する新規酵母の取得について、親株としてK−701株、クエン酸シンターゼの阻害剤として2−オキソグルタル酸を用いた下記の検討例1で詳しく述べる。
〔検討例1〕
K−701株をYPD液体培地(1w/v%酵母エキス、2w/v%ポリペプトン、2w/v%グルコース)5mlで30℃にて一夜振とう培養後、遠心分離で集菌し、滅菌水で洗浄した。洗浄菌体を4.35mlの0.2Mリン酸バッファー(pH8.0)に懸濁し、20w/v%グルコース溶液を0.5ml添加してかくはんした後、エチルメタンスルホネートを0.15ml添加して、30℃にて1時間穏やかに振とうした。振とう後、そのうちの0.2mlを9.8mlの6w/v%チオ硫酸ナトリウム溶液に加えて、室温で10〜15分放置後、遠心分離で集菌し、1mlの滅菌水に懸濁した。そして、該懸濁液0.1ml(4×107個/ml)を25mM2−オキソグルタル酸含有SD平板培地10枚に植菌した。30℃、3日間培養後、数百コロニーの耐性株が出現した。その中で、大きいコロニーを形成する2−オキソグルタル酸耐性株45株を選択し、麹汁培養試験を行い、親株であるK−701株よりも有機酸の高生産(一般に酵母の場合、滴定酸度が高いと有機酸含量の多いことが知られる)を目的に、滴定酸度が高い43株を取得した。この43株のうち、親株に比べて1.2倍以上の滴定酸度を示し有機酸を高生産した株が31株あり、その中でも8株は、滴定酸度が1.4倍以上と高かった。
【0012】
検討例1で得られた有機酸を高生産する滴定酸度が親株に比べて1.4倍以上と高い8株のうち、顕著に酸度が高い2OG−R48株、及び2OG−R39株の2株を用いた小仕込試験について、下記の検討例2及び検討例3で詳しく述べる。
〔検討例2〕
有機酸を高生産し顕著に滴定酸度が高い2OG−R48株、及び2OG−R39株の2株を用いて、表2に示す仕込配合で総米400gの清酒小仕込試験を行った。
【0013】
【表2】
Figure 0004402779
【0014】
掛米は精米歩合78w/w%の白米を使用した。麹は、精米歩合75w/w%の白米を使用して製造した。酵母は10ml中に2×109個含むものを用いた。発酵温度は最高品温15℃とし、仕込み後18日目で上槽した。対照株は親株のK−701株を用いた。上槽液の分析結果を表3に示す。
【0015】
【表3】
Figure 0004402779
【0016】
この結果、2OG−R48株は、親株のK−701株に比べて、酸度が高く、爽快な酸味を呈するリンゴ酸が約1.4倍高生産であり、不快臭であるアセトアルデヒド、酢酸エチル供に親株より低生産であった。
2OG−R39株は、親株のK−701株に比べて、酸度が高く、爽快な酸味を呈するリンゴ酸及び旨味を呈するコハク酸が各々約2.7倍、約1.7倍高生産であり、不快臭であるアセトアルデヒド及び酢酸エチルが各々約0.6倍、約0.7倍低生産であった。また、高級アルコールであるn−プロパノール、イソブタノール及びイソアミルアルコールが親株に比べて各々約1.2倍、約1.8倍及び約1.3倍高生産であった。
【0017】
〔検討例3〕
次に、有機酸を高生産し顕著に滴定酸度が高い2OG−R48株、及び2OG−R39株の2株を用いて、汲水の一部に清酒を使用する清酒醸造法(特公昭53−19678号公報)を行った。仕込配合を表4に示す。
【0018】
【表4】
Figure 0004402779
【0019】
掛米は精米歩合78w/w%の白米を使用した。麹は、精米歩合75w/w%の白米を使用して製造した。留添は醪の最終濃度が9%になるように清酒(アルコール濃度 15.2v/v%)を660ml添加した。発酵温度は最高品温15℃とし、仕込み後、醪中の酵母のメチレンブルー染色率が30%に達した段階で上槽した。対照株は親株のK−701株を用いた。その上槽液の分析結果を表5に示す。
【0020】
【表5】
Figure 0004402779
【0021】
この結果、2OG−R48株は、親株のK−701株に比べて、酸度が高く、爽快な酸味を呈するリンゴ酸が約1.5倍高生産であり、不快臭であるアセトアルデヒドが約0.8倍低生産であった。また、高級アルコールであるイソブタノールが約1.2倍高生産であった。
2OG−R39株は、親株のK−701株に比べて、酸度が高く、爽快な酸味を呈するリンゴ酸及び旨味を呈するコハク酸が各々約1.6倍、約1.8倍高生産であり、不快臭であるアセトアルデヒド及び酢酸エチルが各々約0.6倍、約0.7倍低生産であった。また、高級アルコールであるn−プロパノール、イソブタノール及びイソアミルアルコールが親株に比べて各々約1.2倍、約1.7倍及び約1.3倍高生産であった。
【0022】
以上、検討例2及び検討例3より、本発明で取得した有機酸高生産株は、親株の酵母に比べ、酸度が高く、有機酸組成のバランスに優れ、有機酸を高生産する、特に、嗜好的に好ましいリンゴ酸及び/又はコハク酸、並びに香気成分である高級アルコールを高生産し、更に不快臭であるアセトアルデヒド及び/又は酢酸エチルが低下した新規酵母である。
【0023】
クエン酸シンターゼ阻害剤の使用量は、阻害剤の種類及び親株酵母の種類に応じて適当な濃度で使用すればよい。
【0024】
本発明における酒類・食品の製造方法では、クエン酸シンターゼの阻害剤耐性を示し、有機酸を高生産するサッカロミセス・セレビシエに属する酵母を用いることを特徴とし、製造方法は特に限定されるものではなく、一般的な製造方法を適宜用いることができる。
【0025】
本発明の新規酵母を用いて清酒、焼酎、ワイン、ビールの酒類、又はパン等の食品を製造すれば、爽快な口当りや香気の良い酸味が向上した製品を製造することができる。これらの清酒、焼酎、ワイン、ビール又はパン等の原料は特に限定するものではなく、例えば、精白及び/又は未精白の粳米、糯米、大麦、小麦、ライ麦、燕麦、ヒエ、アワ、コウリャン、ソバ、トウモロコシ、モロコシ、マイロ等の穀類が挙げられるが、一般的な原料を適宜用いることができる。また、本発明の新規酵母を1種類単独又は2種類以上併用して用いてもよく、更に該新規酵母にK−701株やK−77株等の公知酵母を組合せて酒類・食品を製造できる。更に、該新規酵母又は該公知酵母を用いて製造した酒類・食品を混合して新規の酒類・食品も製造できる。
かくして、本発明により、親株であるK−701株を用いて、クエン酸シンターゼ阻害剤に対して耐性の形質を有する酵母を選択することによって、有機酸を高生産する、詳細には、酸度が高く、有機酸、特に、リンゴ酸及び/又はコハク酸、並びに高級アルコールを高生産し、アセトアルデヒド及び酢酸エチル低生産の酵母が提供された。
【0026】
以上の特徴を有するクエン酸シンターゼの阻害剤耐性株として、2−オキソグルタル酸耐性株1株を代表的菌株として寄託した。
【0027】
本発明の代表的菌株である2OG−R39株は、Saccharomyces cerevisiae2OG−R39と命名、表示され、工業技術院生命工学工業技術研究所にFERMP−17470として寄託されている。
【0028】
本発明の代表的菌株である2OG−R39株は、K−701株の変異株であるが、それらの菌学的性質を以下に示す。
(菌学的性質)
1.形態学的性質
YPD培地で30℃、2日間培養した後、顕微鏡で観察した。
a)形:卵円形
b)大きさ:長さ4.7〜7.9μm、幅3.8〜5.5μm
2.胞子形成:あり
胞子形成用培地(酢酸カリウム2w/v%、グルコース0.05w/v%及び寒天2w/v%)で30℃、5日間培養した後、顕微鏡で観察した。
3.増殖の形態:出芽
4.生化学的観察
a)糖の発酵性
ウイッカーハムの炭素化合物同化試験用培地(ディフコ社製)をダーラム管入り試験管に分注して、当該菌株を接種し、30℃で5日間培養して、その炭酸ガス発生の有無を観察した。
グルコース (+) ガラクトース (+)
スクロース (+) マルトース (+)
ラクトース (−) メリビオース (−)
ラフィノース (+)
b)糖の資化性
ウイッカーハムの炭素化合物同化試験用培地(ディフコ社製)を用いて、オキザノグラフ法により、30℃で14日間後の生育を観察した。
グルコース (+) ガラクトース (+)
スクロース (+) マルトース (+)
ラクトース (−)
c)硝酸塩の同化性:(−)
硝酸塩は硝酸カリウムとしてウイッカーハムの炭素化合物同化試験用培地(ディフコ社製)を用いて、オキザノグラフ法により生育を観察した。
d)TTC染色性:赤
e)β−アラニン培地、35℃、3日間培養での生育:(−)
5.高泡の形成
清酒の小仕込みを行ったところ、高泡の形成は観察されなかった。
以上、形態学的、生化学的結果は、本発明酵母菌株がサッカロミセス・セレビシエに属する酵母であることを示すものである。また、β−アラニン培地、35℃での生育が陰性、及び清酒の小仕込試験において、高泡の形成も認められないことから、該菌株はK−701株の変異株であることを示すものである。
【0029】
6.薬剤に対する感受性
ジメチルサクシネート(1.5v/v%)を含むYM培地(0.3w/v%酵母エキス、0.3%麦芽エキス、0.5w/v%ペプトン、2w/v%グルコース)を用いて、30℃で7日間培養した。親株(K−701)と同様に生育してきた株を+で表した。ジメチルサクシネートに対する感受性の結果を表6に示す。変異株は生育し、感受性を示さなかった。
【0030】
【表6】
Figure 0004402779
【0031】
7.薬剤に対する耐性
シクロヘキシミド(0.5μg/ml)含有YM培地、テノイルトリフルオロアセトン(0.1mg/ml)、50%オキシカルボキシンを含有する農薬プラントバックス〔3.2mg/ml:日本曹達(株)製〕含有YNBC培地(0.0.67w/v%ディフコ社イーストニトロゲンベース、2%クエン酸、2w/v%寒天、pH6.0)、メタ亜硫酸カリウム(0.2mg/ml)含有SD培地、又は2−オキソグルタル酸(25mM)含有SD培地を用いて30℃で7日間培養した。親株(K−701)と同様に生育してこなかった株を−で示した。薬剤に対する耐性の結果を表7に示す。変異株は変異処理に用いた2−オキソグルタル酸以外の培地で生育せず耐性を示さなかった。
【0032】
【表7】
Figure 0004402779
【0033】
【実施例】
次に、本発明を実施例により更に具体的に説明するが、本発明はこれらの実施例に限定されるものではない。
【0034】
実施例1
本発明の新規酵母2OG−R39株を用いて、汲水の一部に清酒を使用する清酒醸造法(特公昭53−19678号公報)を行った。総米25kgの仕込配合を表8に示す。なお、対照株として、多酸性酵母である日本醸造協会酵母No.77株(以下K−77と略記する)及び該新規酵母の親株であるK−701株を用いた。
【0035】
【表8】
Figure 0004402779
【0036】
掛米は精米歩合78w/w%の白米を使用した。麹は、精米歩合75w/w%の白米を使用して製造した。留添は醪の最終濃度が9%になるように清酒(アルコール濃度 14.3v/v%)を添加した。なお、留添の()内は清酒の使用量である。発酵温度は最高品温15℃とし、仕込み後、発酵が終了した段階で上槽した(K−701株及びK−77株は27日目、2OG−R39株は34日目に上槽した)。上槽液の分析結果を表9に示す。
【0037】
【表9】
Figure 0004402779
【0038】
官能検査は3点法(1:良、2:普通、3:悪)で行い、パネラー10名の平均値で表した。
【0039】
この結果、2OG−R39株は、親株のK−701株に比べて、酸度が高く、爽快な酸味を呈するリンゴ酸及び旨味を呈するコハク酸が各々約2.4倍、約1.8倍高生産であり、不快臭であるアセトアルデヒド及び酢酸エチルが各々約0.8倍、約0.7倍低生産であった。また、高級アルコールであるイソブタノール及びイソアミルアルコールが親株に比べて各々の約1.6倍、約1.4倍高生産であった。
また、K−77株は、リンゴ酸の有機酸中に占める割合が非常に大きく、2OG−R39株は有機酸のバランスがとれていた。官能的にも、K−77株は酸味や酢酸臭がきつく、またK−701株は甘味が多いのという評価に対して、2OG−R39株はほどよい酸味を有するという評価が得られた。すなわち、香りがよく、ふくいくたる香りのする、甘味と酸味のバランスのとれた、しかも旨味も呈する、従来にない濃厚芳じゅんな酒質を有する清酒であった。
【0040】
【発明の効果】
本発明により、有機酸、詳細にはリンゴ酸及び/又はコハク酸、並びに香気成分を高生産する新規酵母を取得することができ、これらの酵母を使用することにより、従来の酒類、食品に比べ、酸味が強く、その有機酸組成で嗜好的に好ましいリンゴ酸及び/又はコハク酸含有量が増加した酒類、食品を製造できる。更に、濃厚芳じゅんでかつ甘味と酸味のバランスの良く、旨味も呈する酒質の清酒を製造できる。これらの特性を生かして、割り水しても味が薄くならず、幅のある爽やかな酸味を有する低アルコール酒類等の製造への応用も可能となる。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a novel yeast exhibiting resistance to an inhibitor of citrate synthase, and a method for producing alcoholic beverages and foods using the novel yeast.
[0002]
[Prior art]
As for yeasts that produce a large amount of organic acid, dimethyl succinate-sensitive yeast that is an inhibitor of succinate dehydrogenase (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 3-175975), frothless sake yeast that produces a refreshing acidity (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 5-317036) Gazette), tenoyl trifluoroacetone or oxycarboxyl resistant yeast (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 6-121670), which is an inhibitor of succinate dehydrogenase, is known.
Acquired cycloheximide-resistant yeast (Japan Brewing Association Journal, Vol. 88, No. 8, pp. 645-647, 1993) and potassium metasulfite by acclimatization for yeasts that produce a large amount of organic acids and aromatic components Yeast (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 7-203951), polyacidic yeast that imparted high productivity of ethyl caproate to cycloheximide-resistant yeast (Japan Brewing Association, Vol. 90, No. 10, pages 751-758, 1995) ), Aconitate hydratase inhibitor sensitivity, substrate resistance or substrate sensitivity yeast (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 11-46757) is known.
On the other hand, there is a sake brewing method in which sake is used for all or part of the pumped water in the sake manufacturing process, and alcohol is fermented with yeast that has sufficiently grown sake sake, resulting in a sweet and rich sake quality sake. (Japanese Patent Publication No. 53-19678). It is said that it is better to use multi-acid sake yeast for the production of this sweet and rich sake, because of its balance with sweetness, and it has a high organic acid content, excellent aroma, and a good balance between sweetness and sourness. There is a need for yeast that can produce quality sake. However, it is not easy to obtain such a well-balanced sake with conventional polyacidic yeast.
[0003]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
In view of the above-described conventional technology, the present invention is to provide a novel yeast that can produce an organic acid and an aroma component at a higher level, and a method for producing alcoholic beverages and foods using the novel yeast.
[0004]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
To summarize the present invention, the first invention of the present invention relates to a novel yeast that exhibits resistance to 2-oxoglutarate and produces a high amount of organic acid, and the second invention relates to the novel yeast of the first invention. The present invention relates to a method for producing alcoholic beverages and foods.
[0005]
For the purpose of obtaining a yeast that produces an organic acid at a high yield and is also characterized by its acid composition, the yeast that exhibits resistance to an inhibitor of citrate synthase, an enzyme involved in the TCA cycle, is TCA. We thought that the balance of organic acid biosynthesis by the cycle would change, and that high production of organic acids would occur. In the present invention, 2-oxoglutarate which is one of inhibitors of citrate synthase [supervised by Bunji Maruo, Nobuo Tamiya, Enzyme Handbook, pages 666-667, March 1, 1983, first edition, Asakura Co., Ltd. The resistant strains that grow on the medium plate including the bookstore] were isolated, and the broth culture test was carried out to find a high-producing organic acid and a high acidity strain. Further, a sake refinement test was carried out to obtain a novel yeast strain that produced high amounts of organic acids, particularly malic acid and / or succinic acid, and higher alcohols, and produced a low amount of acetaldehyde and / or ethyl acetate. In addition, alcoholic beverages and foods are manufactured using the new yeast strain, and by the component analysis and sensory test, it is refreshing and pleasant and has an unprecedented strong acidity, or a very rich and rich balance of sweetness and acidity. The present invention was completed by finding that good alcoholic beverages and foods can be obtained.
[0006]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, specifically explaining the present invention.
[0007]
The parent strain in the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it is yeast, but yeast belonging to Saccharomyces cerevisiae (sake yeast, shochu yeast, wine yeast, beer yeast, baker's yeast, etc.) is suitable for the production of alcoholic beverages and foods. is there.
In addition to the mutant-treated strain, the parent strain includes wild strains, cultivated strains, hybrid strains, cell fusion strains, and transformed strains such as plasmids. As a mutation treatment method, a known mutation induction method for yeast, for example, a method of irradiating ultraviolet rays or radiation, or a drug such as N-methyl-N′-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine, ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) is appropriately used. It may be carried out by using it, and ethyl methanesulfonate treatment is preferable as an effective mutation treatment.
[0008]
Regarding the minimum growth inhibitory concentration of a citrate synthase inhibitor for yeast, the following was used using the Japan Brewing Association No. 701 strain (hereinafter abbreviated as K-701) as a parent strain and 2-oxoglutarate as an inhibitor of citrate synthase. This will be described in detail in Experimental Example 1.
[Experimental Example 1]
The K-701 strain was cultured overnight in 5 ml of an SD liquid medium [yeast nitrogen base (amino acid-free) 0.67 w / v%, glucose 2 w / v%]] to obtain a yeast culture solution. Next, the precultured K-701 strain was inoculated into an SD plate medium in which the concentration of 2-oxoglutaric acid was adjusted to 0 mM, 20 mM, 25 mM, and 30 mM. After inoculation, the growth was observed after culturing at 30 ° C. for 3 days and 7 days, and the degree of growth [very grown: (++), grown: (+), not grown: (−)] was examined. . Table 1 shows the results of the minimum growth inhibitory concentration of 2-oxoglutarate for the K-701 strain.
[0009]
[Table 1]
Figure 0004402779
[0010]
From the results in Table 1, the K-701 strain forms colonies with 20 mM 2-oxoglutarate on the third and seventh days, but does not form colonies with 25 mM or more of 2-oxoglutarate. Therefore, in the present invention, the minimum growth inhibitory concentration of 2-oxoglutarate for the K-701 strain was determined to be 25 mM.
[0011]
Regarding the acquisition of a novel yeast belonging to Saccharomyces cerevisiae that exhibits resistance to an inhibitor of citrate synthase and produces high organic acids, the following was used using K-701 strain as a parent strain and 2-oxoglutarate as an inhibitor of citrate synthase This will be described in detail in Study Example 1.
[Examination example 1]
The K-701 strain was shaken overnight at 30 ° C. in 5 ml of YPD liquid medium (1 w / v% yeast extract, 2 w / v% polypeptone, 2 w / v% glucose), collected by centrifugation, and then sterilized with water. Washed. The washed cells were suspended in 4.35 ml of 0.2 M phosphate buffer (pH 8.0), stirred with 0.5 ml of 20 w / v% glucose solution, and then added with 0.15 ml of ethyl methanesulfonate. And gently shaken at 30 ° C. for 1 hour. After shaking, 0.2 ml of the solution was added to 9.8 ml of 6 w / v% sodium thiosulfate solution, allowed to stand at room temperature for 10 to 15 minutes, collected by centrifugation, and suspended in 1 ml of sterile water. . Then, 0.1 ml (4 × 10 7 cells / ml) of the suspension was inoculated into 10 SD plate media containing 25 mM 2-oxoglutarate. After culturing at 30 ° C. for 3 days, resistant strains of several hundred colonies appeared. Among them, 45 strains resistant to 2-oxoglutaric acid that form large colonies were selected, and a broth culture test was conducted. Higher production of organic acid than the parent strain K-701 (in general, in the case of yeast, titration acidity 43 strains with high titratable acidity were obtained for the purpose of high organic acid content). Among these 43 strains, there were 31 strains that showed a titration acidity of 1.2 times or more and high production of organic acids compared to the parent strain, and among them, 8 strains had a titration acidity as high as 1.4 times or more.
[0012]
Two strains of 2OG-R48 strain and 2OG-R39 strain having significantly higher acidity among 8 strains having a titration acidity of 1.4 times or more higher than that of the parent strain, which produces the organic acid obtained in Study Example 1 A small preparation test using the above will be described in detail in Examination Example 2 and Examination Example 3 below.
[Examination example 2]
Using 2 stocks of 2OG-R48 strain and 2OG-R39 strain with high production of organic acids and significantly high titratable acidity, a sake small stock test of 400 g of total rice was conducted with the feed composition shown in Table 2.
[0013]
[Table 2]
Figure 0004402779
[0014]
Kake rice was white rice with a milling ratio of 78 w / w%. Rice bran was produced using 75% w / w% polished rice. Yeasts containing 2 × 10 9 in 10 ml were used. The fermentation temperature was set to a maximum product temperature of 15 ° C., and the upper tank was placed 18 days after the preparation. As a control strain, the parent strain K-701 was used. The analysis results of the upper tank liquid are shown in Table 3.
[0015]
[Table 3]
Figure 0004402779
[0016]
As a result, the 2OG-R48 strain has a high acidity and a refreshing acidity of malic acid, which is about 1.4 times higher than the parent strain K-701, and produces unpleasant acetaldehyde and ethyl acetate. The production was lower than the parent strain.
The 2OG-R39 strain has higher acidity and produces about 2.7 times and 1.7 times higher production of malic acid with a refreshing acidity and succinic acid with an umami taste than the parent strain K-701. The unpleasant odor of acetaldehyde and ethyl acetate were about 0.6 times and about 0.7 times lower production, respectively. Also, higher alcohols n-propanol, isobutanol and isoamyl alcohol were produced about 1.2 times, about 1.8 times and about 1.3 times higher than the parent strain, respectively.
[0017]
[Examination example 3]
Next, using the 2OG-R48 and 2OG-R39 strains with high production of organic acids and significantly high titratable acidity, the sake brewing method using sake as part of the pumped water (Japanese Patent Publication No. 53- No. 19678). The charging composition is shown in Table 4.
[0018]
[Table 4]
Figure 0004402779
[0019]
Kake rice was white rice with a milling ratio of 78 w / w%. Rice bran was produced using 75% w / w% polished rice. In the distillation, 660 ml of sake (alcohol concentration 15.2 v / v%) was added so that the final concentration of koji was 9%. The fermentation temperature was set to a maximum product temperature of 15 ° C., and after the preparation, the upper tank was placed when the methylene blue staining rate of yeast in the koji reached 30%. As a control strain, the parent strain K-701 was used. The analysis results of the upper tank liquid are shown in Table 5.
[0020]
[Table 5]
Figure 0004402779
[0021]
As a result, the 2OG-R48 strain has a higher acidity and produces about 1.5 times higher malic acid with a refreshing acidity than the parent strain K-701, and the unpleasant odor of acetaldehyde is about 0.1. The production was 8 times lower. In addition, isobutanol, a higher alcohol, was about 1.2 times higher in production.
The 2OG-R39 strain has higher acidity and produces about 1.6 times and 1.8 times higher amounts of malic acid with a refreshing acidity and succinic acid with an umami taste than the parent K-701 strain, respectively. The unpleasant odor of acetaldehyde and ethyl acetate were about 0.6 times and about 0.7 times lower production, respectively. Also, higher alcohols n-propanol, isobutanol and isoamyl alcohol were produced about 1.2 times, about 1.7 times and about 1.3 times higher than the parent strain, respectively.
[0022]
As described above, from Study Example 2 and Study Example 3, the organic acid high-producing strain obtained in the present invention has a higher acidity than the parent strain yeast, has a good balance of organic acid composition, and produces a high amount of organic acid. It is a novel yeast that produces high preference for malic acid and / or succinic acid, which is preferred for preference, and higher alcohols, which are aromatic components, and which has reduced acetaldehyde and / or ethyl acetate, which are unpleasant odors.
[0023]
What is necessary is just to use the usage-amount of a citrate synthase inhibitor by a suitable density | concentration according to the kind of inhibitor, and the kind of parent strain yeast.
[0024]
The method for producing alcoholic beverages and foods according to the present invention is characterized by using yeast belonging to Saccharomyces cerevisiae that exhibits resistance to citrate synthase inhibitors and produces high organic acids, and the production method is not particularly limited. A general manufacturing method can be used as appropriate.
[0025]
If foods such as sake, shochu, wine, beer liquor, or bread are produced using the novel yeast of the present invention, a product with an improved refreshing taste and a fragrant sourness can be produced. The raw materials for these sake, shochu, wine, beer, bread, etc. are not particularly limited. For example, polished and / or unpolished polished rice, glutinous rice, barley, wheat, rye, buckwheat, barnyard millet, millet, mulberry, buckwheat Cereals such as corn, sorghum, and milo can be mentioned, and general raw materials can be used as appropriate. In addition, the novel yeast of the present invention may be used alone or in combination of two or more, and alcohols and foods can be produced by combining the novel yeast with known yeasts such as K-701 strain and K-77 strain. . Furthermore, alcoholic beverages and foods produced using the novel yeast or the known yeasts can be mixed to produce novel alcoholic beverages and foods.
Thus, according to the present invention, by using the parent strain K-701, by selecting a yeast having a trait resistant to a citrate synthase inhibitor, an organic acid can be produced at a high level. High, high yields of organic acids, in particular malic acid and / or succinic acid, and higher alcohols, and yeast with low acetaldehyde and ethyl acetate production were provided.
[0026]
As an inhibitor resistant strain of citrate synthase having the above characteristics, one 2-oxoglutarate resistant strain was deposited as a representative strain.
[0027]
The 2OG-R39 strain, which is a representative strain of the present invention, is named and displayed as Saccharomyces cerevisiae 2OG-R39, and is deposited as FERMP-17470 at the Institute of Biotechnology, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology.
[0028]
The 2OG-R39 strain, which is a representative strain of the present invention, is a mutant strain of the K-701 strain, and their mycological properties are shown below.
(Mycological properties)
1. Morphological properties After culturing in YPD medium at 30 ° C. for 2 days, it was observed with a microscope.
a) Shape: oval b) Size: length 4.7-7.9 μm, width 3.8-5.5 μm
2. Spore formation: Yes Spore formation medium (potassium acetate 2 w / v%, glucose 0.05 w / v% and agar 2 w / v%) was cultured at 30 ° C. for 5 days, and then observed with a microscope.
3. 3. Form of growth: budding Biochemical observation a) Carbon fermentable Wickerham carbon compound assimilation test medium (manufactured by Difco) is dispensed into a test tube containing a Durham tube, inoculated with the strain, and cultured at 30 ° C. for 5 days. The presence or absence of carbon dioxide gas generation was observed.
Glucose (+) Galactose (+)
Sucrose (+) Maltose (+)
Lactose (-) Melibiose (-)
Raffinose (+)
b) Sugar assimilation Using Wickerham's carbon compound assimilation test medium (manufactured by Difco), growth was observed after 14 days at 30 ° C. by an oxanograph method.
Glucose (+) Galactose (+)
Sucrose (+) Maltose (+)
Lactose (-)
c) Nitrate assimilation: (-)
The growth of the nitrate was observed by the oxanograph method using a Wickerham carbon assimilation test medium (manufactured by Difco) as potassium nitrate.
d) TTC stainability: Red e) Growth in β-alanine medium at 35 ° C. for 3 days: (−)
5). Formation of high foam When a small amount of sake was prepared, formation of high foam was not observed.
As described above, morphological and biochemical results indicate that the yeast strain of the present invention belongs to Saccharomyces cerevisiae. In addition, in the β-alanine medium, growth at 35 ° C. is negative, and no high foam formation is observed in the sake preparation test, indicating that the strain is a mutant of the K-701 strain. It is.
[0029]
6). YM medium (0.3 w / v% yeast extract, 0.3% malt extract, 0.5 w / v% peptone, 2 w / v% glucose) containing dimethyl succinate (1.5 v / v%) sensitive to drugs And cultured at 30 ° C. for 7 days. Strains grown in the same manner as the parent strain (K-701) were represented by +. The sensitivity results for dimethyl succinate are shown in Table 6. The mutant strain grew and showed no sensitivity.
[0030]
[Table 6]
Figure 0004402779
[0031]
7). Agrochemical plant bucks containing 3.2% / ml: Nippon Soda Co., Ltd. containing YM medium containing drug-resistant cycloheximide (0.5 μg / ml), thenoyltrifluoroacetone (0.1 mg / ml), and 50% oxycarboxin YNBC medium (0.0.67 w / v% Difco yeast nitrogen base, 2% citric acid, 2 w / v% agar, pH 6.0), SD medium containing potassium metasulfite (0.2 mg / ml) Alternatively, the cells were cultured for 7 days at 30 ° C. using SD medium containing 2-oxoglutaric acid (25 mM). Strains that did not grow in the same manner as the parent strain (K-701) were indicated by-. The results of drug resistance are shown in Table 7. The mutant strain did not grow on a medium other than 2-oxoglutarate used for the mutation treatment and did not show resistance.
[0032]
[Table 7]
Figure 0004402779
[0033]
【Example】
EXAMPLES Next, although an Example demonstrates this invention further more concretely, this invention is not limited to these Examples.
[0034]
Example 1
Using the novel yeast 2OG-R39 strain of the present invention, a sake brewing method (Japanese Patent Publication No. 53-19678) using sake as a part of the pumped water was performed. Table 8 shows the total recipe of 25 kg of total rice. In addition, as a control strain, the Japan Brewing Association Yeast No. 77 strains (hereinafter abbreviated as K-77) and K-701 strain which is the parent strain of the novel yeast were used.
[0035]
[Table 8]
Figure 0004402779
[0036]
Kake rice was white rice with a milling ratio of 78 w / w%. Rice bran was produced using 75% w / w% polished rice. For the distillation, sake (alcohol concentration: 14.3 v / v%) was added so that the final concentration of koji was 9%. The figure in parentheses is the amount of sake used. The fermentation temperature was the maximum product temperature of 15 ° C., and after the preparation, the upper tank was added when the fermentation was completed (K-701 and K-77 strains were placed on the 27th day and 2OG-R39 strain was placed on the 34th day). . The analysis results of the upper tank liquid are shown in Table 9.
[0037]
[Table 9]
Figure 0004402779
[0038]
The sensory test was performed by a three-point method (1: good, 2: normal, 3: bad), and expressed as an average value of 10 panelists.
[0039]
As a result, the 2OG-R39 strain has a higher acidity and a refreshing acidity of malic acid and umami succinic acid are about 2.4 times and about 1.8 times higher than the parent K-701 strain, respectively. Production was unpleasant odor, and acetaldehyde and ethyl acetate were about 0.8 and 0.7 times lower, respectively. In addition, higher alcohols, isobutanol and isoamyl alcohol, were about 1.6 times and about 1.4 times higher in production than the parent strain, respectively.
The K-77 strain had a very large proportion of malic acid in the organic acid, and the 2OG-R39 strain had a balanced organic acid. In terms of sensory sense, the 2OG-R39 strain was evaluated to have a moderate sourness, whereas the K-77 strain had a strong acidity and acetic acid odor, and the K-701 strain had a high sweetness. In other words, it was a refined sake with a rich and savory quality that had never been seen before, with a good aroma, a rich scent, a balanced sweetness and sourness, and an umami taste.
[0040]
【The invention's effect】
According to the present invention, it is possible to obtain novel yeasts that produce organic acids, in particular malic acid and / or succinic acid, and aroma components, and by using these yeasts, compared to conventional alcoholic beverages and foods. It is possible to produce alcoholic beverages and foods that have a strong acidity and that have a preferred content of malic acid and / or succinic acid, which is preferred for its organic acid composition. Furthermore, it is possible to produce a sake of high quality that has a rich balance of sweetness and sourness and also exhibits umami. Taking advantage of these characteristics, the taste does not become thin even when water is split, and it can be applied to the production of low alcoholic alcoholic beverages having a wide and refreshing acidity.

Claims (4)

2−オキソグルタル酸に対して耐性を示し、有機酸を高生産する新規酵母。A novel yeast that exhibits resistance to 2-oxoglutaric acid and produces organic acids at a high yield. 2−オキソグルタル酸に対して耐性を示し、有機酸を高生産する新規酵母がサッカロミセス・セレビシエに属することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の新規酵母。 The novel yeast according to claim 1, wherein the novel yeast exhibiting resistance to 2-oxoglutarate and producing a high amount of organic acid belongs to Saccharomyces cerevisiae. 請求項1又は2に記載の新規酵母を用いることを特徴とする酒類、食品の製造方法。A method for producing alcoholic beverages and foods, wherein the novel yeast according to claim 1 or 2 is used. 汲水の全部あるいは一部に清酒を使用する清酒の製造方法において、請求項1又は2に記載の新規酵母を用いることを特徴とする清酒の製造方法。A method for producing sake, wherein the novel yeast according to claim 1 or 2 is used in the method for producing sake using all or part of the pumped water.
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