JP4398172B2 - Infection prevention and treatment agent for fish - Google Patents

Infection prevention and treatment agent for fish Download PDF

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Publication number
JP4398172B2
JP4398172B2 JP2003098847A JP2003098847A JP4398172B2 JP 4398172 B2 JP4398172 B2 JP 4398172B2 JP 2003098847 A JP2003098847 A JP 2003098847A JP 2003098847 A JP2003098847 A JP 2003098847A JP 4398172 B2 JP4398172 B2 JP 4398172B2
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Prior art keywords
fish
fucoidan
infection
viral
administration
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JP2003098847A
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JP2004307346A (en
Inventor
俊郎 河野
登 竹野
学 佐々木
力夫 渡辺
哲郎 山下
浩 大村
健司 吉元
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Yakult Honsha Co Ltd
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Yakult Honsha Co Ltd
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  • Feed For Specific Animals (AREA)
  • Fodder In General (AREA)
  • Micro-Organisms Or Cultivation Processes Thereof (AREA)
  • Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
  • Medicines Containing Material From Animals Or Micro-Organisms (AREA)
  • Medicines Containing Plant Substances (AREA)

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、魚類の感染予防・治療剤及びその方法に関し、詳細には、親魚からのウイルス又は病原性細菌等による垂直感染を予防・治療する薬剤及びその方法に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
マダイ、ヒラメ、キジハタ、クエ、ブリ、カンパチ等の養殖場では、魚類が高密度で飼育されているため、病気が発生することが多い。病気の原因は、ウイルス、病原性細菌、寄生虫等による感染が主である。これらが親魚から垂直感染することが知られており、これに対して様々な対策が講じられている(特許文献1)。
【0003】
感染症の中でも、特に近年、急激に流行し始めた魚類を死滅させるウイルス感染症は、深刻な被害をもたらしている。これらの感染症に対しては、抗生物質や免疫活性物質等を経口的に投与するなどの対抗手段が講じられている。しかしながら、ふ化直後の仔・稚魚は、開口しておらず餌を食べることができない。したがって、これらの対抗手段をとったとしても、開口後の摂餌可能な時期からとなり、その効果は必ずしも満足できるものではなかった。
【0004】
一方、最近になって、多糖類の魚類感染症に対する効果も知られるようになっており、例えば、キノコ等から得られるグルカンが魚類感染症の予防・治療効果を有すること(特許文献2)、硫酸化多糖類や海藻類がウイルス感染症の予防・治療効果を有すること(特許文献3及び4)が開示されている。しかしながら、このように魚類の養殖場等における感染を予防・治療する試みは多種なされているものの、親魚から由来する感染(垂直感染)による被害は減少しておらず、より効果の高い予防・治療剤及びそれらの投与方法が要望されている。
【0005】
特にウイルス性神経壊死症、又はウイルス性腹水症と呼ばれる感染症(Viral Nervous Necrosis;VNNV、Viral Encephalopathy and Retinopathy;VER)の場合、感染から1〜2週間で感染魚が含まれる魚群が全滅してしまい、仔・稚魚の感染については経口投与による治療方法だけでは間に合わないという問題があった。予防策としては、これまでPCR法によって選別された無感染魚を産卵させることが行なわれていた。また、ハタ類の水平感染を遮断する方法としてVNNVの外皮タンパク質を用いたワクチン療法が開示されている(特許文献1)が、ワクチンは高価である上、対象魚1尾づつに投与しなくてはならないことから、使用者に対し過度の負担を強いることになり、現実的ではなかった。一方、既に感染した魚に関しては有効な対策は無かった。
【0006】
【特許文献1】
特開2001−278896号公報
【特許文献2】
特開平2−218615号公報
【特許文献3】
国際公開第98/42204号パンフレット
【特許文献4】
国際公開第02/092114号パンフレット
【0007】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
従って、本発明の目的は、親魚に由来するウイルス感染や細菌感染に対する優れた予防・治療効果を有する魚類の感染予防・治療剤及び予防・治療方法を提供することにある。
【0008】
【課題を解決するための手段】
かかる事情を鑑み、本発明者は、鋭意研究した結果、(A)トロロコンブ属藻類、カジメ属藻類、ジャイアントケルプ、アスコフィラム属藻類、モズク、これらの抽出物、及びフコイダンから選ばれる1種又は2種以上と、(B)エンテロコッカス・フェカリス等の乳酸球菌及びポリフェノールから選ばれる1種又は2種以上とを併用することで、高いウイルス感染や細菌感染に対する予防・治療効果が得られることを見出した。更に、本発明の組成物は薬浴法で投与することも可能であり、親魚には経口法で、ふ化仔・稚魚には薬浴法及び経口法で投与を行なうことが、ウイルス、病原性細菌による魚類の感染予防・治療に有効であることを見出し、本発明を完成した。
【0009】
すなわち、本発明は、次の成分(A)及び(B)
(A)コイダ
(B)エンテロコッカス・フェカリス
を含有することを特徴とする親魚からの垂直感染による魚類のウイルス感染予防・治療剤を提供するものである。
また、本発明は上記成分(A)及び(B)の有効量を投与することを特徴とする親魚からの垂直感染による魚類のウイルス感染予防・治療方法を提供するものである。
【0010】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明の魚類の感染予防・治療剤に用いられる成分(A)のうち、トロロコンブ属藻類とは、北海道の釧路・根室等の道北地方に多く繁殖するトロロコンブ属の褐藻であり、粘質に富んだ長さ1〜5m、幅10cm程の細長い帯状、或いは板状の葉を有しており、その表面には複雑な雲文様の凹凸が認められる。藻体には、カリウムやナトリウム、ビタミンA、ヨード、アルギン酸等の栄養素を含むことが知られている。本発明で用いられるトロロコンブ属藻類としては、例えばトロロコンブ(Kjellmaniella crassifolia)、ガゴメ(Kjellmaniella gyrata)等が挙げられ、いずれも好適に使用できるが、特にトロロコンブを使用することが好ましい。
カジメ属藻類とは、関東以南の太平洋岸の岩礁地帯に群生するカジメ属の褐藻であり、細長い茎の上部に板状或いは帯状の中央葉を有し、その左右に羽を広げたような側葉が認められる。藻体はマンニット、ヨード、アルギン酸等の栄養素に富み、これらの製造原料としても使用されている。本発明に用いられるカジメ属褐藻類としては、例えばカジメ(Ecklonia cava)、クロメ(Ecklonia kurome)、ツルアラメ(Ecklonia stolonifera)等が挙げられ、いずれも好適に使用できるが、特にカジメを使用することが好ましい。
【0011】
本発明に用いられるジャイアントケルプとは、北アメリカのカリフォルニア沿岸の岩礁地帯に生育するコンブ目の褐藻であり、細長い茎に多数の側葉をつけ、数十メートルにまで成長することが知られている。藻体にはカルシウムやビタミンB1、ヨード、アルギン酸等の栄養素を含むことが知られている。
【0012】
アスコフィラム属藻類とは、北欧の海岸沿いに多く繁殖するヒバマタ属の褐藻であり、ベタイン類、オーキシン、サイトカイニン、アブシジン酸、多糖類、オリゴ糖、ミネラル、ビタミン類、アミノ酸等の栄養素を含み、特にアルギン酸量の含有量の高い海藻として知られている。本発明に用いられるアスコフィラム属藻類としては、例えばアスコルフィルム・ノドサム(Ascophyllum Nodosum)が挙げられる。
【0013】
モズクとは、北海道、本州、四国、九州、南西諸島に多く繁殖する褐藻であり、長さ30cm又はそれ以上、太さ0.4〜3.5mmの粘質に富んだ極めて柔らかい細線状で不規則に分枝した葉を有している。藻体にはカルシウムやマグネシウムなどのミネラル分のほか、フコイダンを多く含みアルギン酸も存在することが知られている。本発明で用いられるモズクとしては、例えばモズク科のイトモズク、ナガマツモ科のオキナワモズク、イシモズク、フトモズク、樺太モズク等が挙げられ、いずれも好適に使用できるが、特にオキナワモズクを使用することが好ましい。
【0014】
上記の海藻類は、生の藻体、乾燥物、或いは塩蔵したものを、そのまま、もしくは粉砕して用いてもよく、或いは水、親水性溶媒、又はこれらの混液によって抽出されたものを用いることもできる。抽出温度や時間はそれぞれの海藻に適した方法を選択すればよく、例えば低温或いは室温で数日間浸潤させても、加熱して数分から数時間で抽出してもよい。このような抽出物は、そのまま使用する事ができ、或いは効果を損なわない範囲で精製処理等を行なってもよい。
【0015】
フコイダンとは、主としてフコースからなる分子量数十万前後の硫酸化多糖類であって、褐藻類のモズク、ウミウチワ、マコンブ、ワカメ、コンブ、アミジグサ等に豊富に含有されており人体に無害のものである。本発明に用いられるフコイダンとしては、フコイダンを含有する褐藻類を粉砕等したものを用いてもよく、適当な方法を用いて抽出、精製されたものを用いてもよい。抽出方法としては、通常用いられる方法であれば特に限定されるものではないが、酸抽出や熱水抽出等が挙げられる。また、海藻から抽出された高分子のものを、例えば弱酸処理等による加水分解によって、低分子化もしくはオリゴ糖化させてから用いてもよい。
【0016】
上記の海藻類は、そのまま用いることができ、経口法に用いるのであれば、通常魚類の養殖に用いられる飼料原料に混合又は配合して用いてもよい。飼料に混合又は配合する量としては、魚類や養殖方法にあわせて適宜決定すればよいが、例えば飼料中に1500mg/kg〜10000mg/kg程度、特に4000mg/kg〜7000mg/kg配合するのが好ましい。これらを含有する飼料の給餌量は、1日に魚類の体重の3質量%程度がよい。また、薬浴法に用いるのであれば、ふすま及びセルロースパウダーに混合、又は配合して用いてもよい。これらの海藻類を水槽に投与する量としては、魚類や養殖方法にあわせて適宜決定すればよいが、例えば水槽の水量に対し60mg/トン〜600mg/トン程度、特に100mg/トン〜300mg/トン配合するのが好ましい。これらを含有する薬浴剤は、1日に1〜3回程度投与すればよい。
【0017】
一方、フコイダンの配合量も魚類の種類等にあわせて適宜決定すればよく、通常、経口法であれば飼料中に1000mg/kg〜4000mg/kg程度、特に2000mg/kg〜3000mg/kg配合するのが好ましい。また、薬浴法であれば、水槽の水量に対し60mg/トン〜200mg/トン程度、特に100mg/トン〜150mg/トン配合するのが好ましい。
【0018】
本発明では、上記成分(A)に、更に(B)乳酸球菌及びポリフェノールから選ばれる1種又は2種以上を含有させる。乳酸球菌とは、球状の外観を有する乳酸菌の1種であり、ストレプトコッカス・ラクティス、ストレプトコッカス・クレモリス等のストレプトコッカス属細菌、ペディオコッカス・ハロフィルス等のペディオコッカス属細菌、エンテロコッカス・フェカリス等のエンテロコッカス属細菌などが挙げられる。これらの乳酸球菌のうち、特に免疫賦活効果の点からエンテロコッカス・フェカリスが好ましい。
【0019】
乳酸球菌の投与形態としては、菌体を通常の増殖用培地、例えば、ロゴサ培地等で増殖させたものをそのまま投与してもよく、該培養液から遠心分離し、静置後上清を取り除く等の手段により回収した菌体を投与してもよい。更に賦形剤として澱粉かスキムミルク等とともに凍結乾燥もしくは加熱乾燥したものを用いることもできる。得られた菌体は、生菌、死菌何れも使用できるが、特に生菌が好ましい。
【0020】
乳酸球菌の配合量も魚類の種類等にあわせて適宜決定すればよく、通常、経口法であれば、例えば1×1010 cfu/gの菌体に賦形剤100mgを混合し得られた菌体含有混合物を飼料中に100mg/kg〜300mg/kg程度、特に150mg/kg〜200mg/kg配合するのが好ましい。また、薬浴法であれば、水槽の水量に対し菌体含有混合物を100mg/トン〜400mg/トン程度、特に150mg/トン〜300mg/トン配合するのが好ましい。
【0021】
一方、ポリフェノールとは、分子内に数個以上、特に3個以上のフェノール性水酸基をもつ植物成分の総称で、陸上植物のほとんどに存在する植物の代謝産物である。植物中では、紫外線防御、誘虫、抗菌、酸化抑制効果があるとされており、一方人体に対しても抗酸化や抗炎症効果が期待されている。これらポリフェノール類は、その基本骨格から、フラボノイド類、クロロゲン酸、没食子酸、エラグ酸といったモノマーポリフェノールと、ポリマーポリフェノール(タンニン類)に分類されている(食品と開発,34(6),21-,1999.)。
【0022】
本発明で用いられるポリフェノールとしては、モノマーポリフェノール、ポリマーポリフェノールの何れを用いてもよいが、特に抗菌効果の点からカテキン等の茶由来のポリフェノールが好ましい。このようなポリフェノールとしては、ポリフェノールを含有する植物をそのまま用いてもよいが、水、熱水、又はアルコール等により抽出したものを用いてもよい。このようなポリフェノールの抽出方法としては、例えば、茶由来のポリフェノールであれば、乾燥茶葉を熱水で抽出し、通常用いられる方法でろ過後、ろ液を凍結乾燥して水溶性茶ポリフェノールを得ることができる。これをそのまま用いてもよいが、水溶性茶ポリフェノールを酢酸エチル等を用いて処理し、得られた不溶化ポリフェノールを用いてもよい。
【0023】
ポリフェノールの配合量も魚類の種類等にあわせて適宜決定すればよく、例えば経口法であれば飼料中に100mg/kg〜5000mg/kg程度、特に200mg/kg〜2000mg/kg配合するのが好ましい。また、薬浴法であれば、水槽の水量に対し200mg/トン〜5000mg/トン程度、特に200mg/トン〜2000mg/トン配合するのが好ましい。
【0024】
上記成分(A)及び(B)は各々を別個に投入することができる。すなわち、上記成分(A)をそのまま、或いは抽出物を直接投与してもよい。又、別途成分(B)をそのまま、或いは上記乳酸球菌の培養液又は遠心分離の手段により回収した菌体をそのまま、又は上記ポリフェノールを含む植物や抽出乾燥物をそのまま、もしくは担体に担持して投与してもよい。
【0025】
本発明の魚類感染予防・治療剤の投与方法としては、経口法、薬浴法、あるいは両法の併用のいずれを用いてもよく、対象となる魚の状態や養殖環境に併せて適宜選択すればよいが、例えば、特に開口前のふ化仔魚であれば、薬浴法を選択すればよく、開口後、特に開口直後の稚魚であれば経口法と薬浴法を併用させることが好ましい。また、感染、又は未感染の親魚に経口投与して、親魚を治療・感染防御するだけでなく、卵への垂直感染を防ぐと言う方法も有効である。
経口法の場合、これらを含有する飼料の給餌量は、1日に魚類の体重の3質量%程度が良い。一方薬浴法の場合、これらを含有する薬浴剤の投与量は、1日に1〜3回程度が良い。
【0026】
本発明の感染予防・治療剤を適用し得る魚類としては、特に限定されず、海水魚、特にシマアジ、ブリ、タイ、ギンザケ、マアジ、ヒラメ、キジハタ、マツカワ、クエ、マハタ、カレイ、クロソイ、トラフグ、カンパチ、バラムンディ、シーバス、ターボット等が挙げられる。また適用できる感染症としては、親魚から垂直感染するウイルス感染症又は細菌感染症が挙げられる。中でも、ウイルス性神経壊死症(VNNV)に対する効果が高く好ましい。
【0027】
ここで言うウイルス性神経壊死症とは、ノダウイルスの1種であるStriped jack nervous necrosisvirusにより引き起こされる疾患で、仔稚魚に発生する斃死率の高い感染症である。80年代にはシマアジ、キジハタ等の魚類に頻繁に発病することで知られ、近年ではヒラメ等にその感染対象が拡大してきている。感染した魚は外見上顕著な病変部は認められないが、中枢神経組織・網膜の神経細胞に壊死・崩壊が認められ、また表層部を力なく遊泳し、旋回・回転しながら沈下するという行動が認められる。
【0028】
【実施例】
以下、実施例によって本発明を更に詳細に説明するが、本発明はこれらに限定されるものではない。
【0029】
実施例1 海藻の調製
海藻(トロロコンブ、カジメ、アスコフィラム・ノドサム、ジャイアントケルプ、オキナワモズク)としては、塩蔵されたものを用いた。各海藻をホモジナイズし、その湿重量と同量の水に懸濁させて塩抜きを行なった。更に藻体1kgあたり1リットルの割合で水に懸濁し、100℃で2時間加熱し、その後室温で静置して抽出した。ガーゼにて藻体を濾別し、その懸濁液を遠心分離した(9000rpm、60分)。更にその上清を乾燥させて、各海藻抽出物を粉末として得た。
【0030】
実施例2 フコイダンの調製
原料には塩蔵されたオキナワモズクを用いた。オキナワモズクをその湿重量と同量の水に懸濁させ塩抜きを行なった後、塩酸水溶液を加えてpH3に調整した。本懸濁液を100℃、10分間加熱し、フコイダンを抽出させた。更に、遠心分離機を用いて7000Gで不溶分を除去し、分画分子量6000の限外濾過膜を用いて、pH3で回分加水濾過を繰り返すことで、分子量6000以下の低分子画分を除去した。得られた画分に水酸化ナトリウムを加え、pHを5.5〜6.0の範囲に調整した。このフコイダンを主成分とする濃縮液を噴霧によって乾燥し、湿藻体1kgに対し5gのフコイダン画分の粉末を得た。
【0031】
実施例3 乳酸球菌の調製
乳酸球菌(エンテロコッカス・フェカリス IFO16804)を増殖培地(ロゴサ培地)にて2日間培養後、培養液を遠心分離(3,000rpm、30分)し、静置後上清を取り除き、得られた菌体(1×1010 cfu/g)に賦形剤としてスキムミルク(100mg)を混合し、凍結乾燥して乳酸球菌試料を得た。
【0032】
実施例4 ポリフェノールの調製
乾燥茶葉50gを熱水550mLにて30分抽出し、ろ紙濾過後、ろ液を凍結乾燥した。乾燥後、酢酸エチルに溶解し、上清を回収して減圧乾固し、ポリフェノール試料とした。
【0033】
実施例5 親魚への経口投与
マダイ親魚を用いてフコイダンの単独投与、及びフコイダンと乳酸球菌、ポリフェノールの併用投与によるウイルス性神経壊死症ウイルス(VNNV)の体外排除効果(親魚からの垂直感染防御効果)を確認した。試料としては、実施例2〜4で得られたフコイダン、エンテロコッカス・フェカリス、及びポリフェノールを使用した。
【0034】
(投与方法)フコイダン投与区としては、フコイダンのみを通常飼料(エビアン協和製)に2%吸着させた餌を使用した。一方、混合投与区としては、通常飼料にフコイダン200g、乳酸球菌試料10g及びポリフェノール20gの混合物(以下、混合物Aと記す)を通常飼料に2質量%吸着させたものを用いた。いずれの試験区も、1日1回、6日間連続投与した。
【0035】
(供試魚種)マダイ
(供試尾数)マダイ親魚18尾
(飼育方法)20tコンクリート水槽を各試験区ごとに1面づつ使用した。
【0036】
(試験方法)試験には、PCRにより選別したVNNVに自然感染したマダイ親魚(以下、VNNV陽性マダイ親魚と記す)を用いた。マダイ親魚18尾を9尾づつ各水槽で8日間飼育した。各試験区において、飼料投与前(飼育開始1日目)及び飼料投与後(飼育開始8日目)にPCR検査を行い、VNNVの感染率を調べた。PCR検査にはマダイ親魚の総排泄口からカテーテルを用いて採取した未受精卵を用いた。卵に感染が認められた親魚の尾数を陽性尾数とし、供試尾数に対する陽性尾数の割合を陽性率として算出した。得られた結果を表1に示す。
【0037】
【表1】

Figure 0004398172
【0038】
表1に示した通り、フコイダン単独投与によりVNNVの垂直感染率が低下することがわかった。また、混合物Aを投与することによりフコイダン単独に比べ更に垂直感染率を低下させる効果が得られた。
【0039】
実施例6 ウイルス性神経壊死症陽性親魚由来ふ化仔魚に対する効果1
VNNV陽性マダイ親魚から採卵しふ化させた稚魚を用いて、フコイダン、並びにフコイダン及び乳酸球菌の混合物を用いた場合のVNNVによる死亡率の低減効果を確認した。
【0040】
(投与方法)フコイダン、及びエンテロコッカス・フェカリスは、実施例2〜3で得られたものを使用した。実施例5と同様に調製したフコイダン6g、及び通常飼料にフコイダン200g及び乳酸球菌試料10gとなるよう調整した混合物(以下、混合物Bと記す)を通常飼料に2質量%吸着させた混合物6gを、2000mlの温水(約60℃)で溶解し、フコイダン液及び混合物B液とし、飼育水槽に散布する方法で投与(薬浴法)した。
【0041】
(供試魚種)マダイ
(供試尾数)VNNV陽性マダイ親魚メス4尾から採卵し、20万粒の受精卵を得た。これから無作為に15万粒とり、各試験区にそれぞれ6万粒ずつ供した。(飼育方法)7tの室内コンクリート水槽を各試験区ごとに1面づつ、計3面使用した。
【0042】
(試験方法)フコイダン投与区にはフコイダン液200ml、混合物B投与区には混合物B液200ml、対照区には温水のみ200mlをそれぞれ受精卵と同様に散布し、3日間止水飼育した。
飼育終了後に、各区から無作為に100尾を採取し、光学顕微鏡(400倍率)で稚魚の神経組織を観察し、ウイルス性神経壊死症の感染率を測定した。得られた結果を表2に示す。
【0043】
【表2】
Figure 0004398172
【0044】
表2に示したとおり、フコイダン投与により、ウイルス神経壊死症の感染率を低下させる結果になった。また、混合物Bを投与することにより、同症の感染率を更に顕著に低下させる効果が得られた。
【0045】
実施例7 ウイルス性神経壊死症陽性親魚由来ふ化仔魚に対する効果2
VNNV陽性マダイ親魚から採卵しふ化させた稚魚を用いて、フコイダン、並びにフコイダン、乳酸球菌、及びポリフェノールの混合物を用いた場合のVNNVによる死亡率の低減効果を確認した。
【0046】
(投与方法)フコイダン、エンテロコッカス・フェカリス、及び茶ポリフェノールは、実施例2〜4で得られたものを使用した。フコイダン6g、及び実施例5と同様に調整した混合物A6gを、2000mlの温水(約60℃)で溶解し、フコイダン液及び混合物液とし、飼育水槽に散布する方法で投与(薬浴法)した。
【0047】
(供試魚種)マダイ
(供試尾数)VNNV陽性マダイ親魚メス4尾から採卵し、20万粒の受精卵を得た。これから無作為に15万粒とり、各試験区にそれぞれ6万粒ずつ供した。(飼育方法)7tの室内コンクリート水槽を各試験区ごとに1面づつ、計3面使用した。
【0048】
(試験方法)フコイダン投与区にはフコイダン液200ml、混合投与区には混合物A液200ml、対照区には温水のみ200mlをそれぞれ受精卵と同様に散布し、9日間止水飼育した。
飼育終了後に、各区から無作為に100尾を採取し、光学顕微鏡(400倍率)で稚魚の神経組織を観察し、ウイルス性神経壊死症の感染率を測定した。得られた結果を表3に示す。
【0049】
【表3】
Figure 0004398172
【0050】
表3に示したとおり、フコイダン投与により、ウイルス神経壊死症の感染率を低下させる結果になった。また、混合物Aを投与することにより、同症の感染率を更に顕著に低下させる効果が得られた。
【0051】
実施例8 ふ化仔魚に対する効果
VNNV陽性マダイ親魚より採卵し、ふ化させたマダイ稚魚を用いて、フコイダン及びフコイダンと乳酸球菌、ポリフェノールの混合物(以下混合物)を使用することにより、ウイルス性神経壊死症による死亡率の低下効果を確認した。
【0052】
(投与方法)フコイダン、エンテロコッカス・フェカリス、及び茶ポリフェノールは、実施例2〜4で得られたものを使用した。フコイダン60g、及び混合物A60gをそれぞれ2000mlの温水(約55℃)で溶かし、フコイダン液及び混合物A液とし、飼育水槽に散布する方法で投与(薬浴法)した。
(供試魚種)マダイ
(供試尾数)マダイ受精卵約400万粒から、マダイふ化仔魚約350万尾を得た。この稚魚を無作為に46万尾採取し、各試験区にそれぞれ15万尾ずつ供した。
(飼育方法)60tの室内コンクリート水槽を各試験区ごとに1面づつ、計3面使用した。飼料は稚魚の発育段階に応じて適宜増加させ、総給餌量は体重あたり5〜15%とし、60日間飼育した。
【0053】
(試験方法)フコイダン投与区にはフコイダン液200ml、混合投与区には混合物液200mlを1日1回60t水槽に散布し、対照区には塩水のみ200mlを同様に散布した。死亡稚魚を回収し、稚魚の死亡原因の主因がウイルス性神経壊死症であることを適宜PCR検査及び光学顕微鏡(400倍率)による神経組織観察診断を行い、診断結果から、飼育期間中のVNNVによる日間最大死亡数、飼育終了時の累積死亡数及び累積死亡率を調べた。得られた結果を表4に示す。
【0054】
【表4】
Figure 0004398172
【0055】
表4に示したとおり、フコイダン投与によりウイルス性神経壊死症による死亡率を低下させる結果が得られた。また、混合物Aを投与することにより、同症の死亡率を更に顕著に低下させる効果が得られた。
【0056】
【発明の効果】
本発明の組成物を使用することにより、ウイルスによる感染症に対し、親魚由来の垂直感染を防御する事ができる。更に、開口前のふ化仔魚に対しても高い感染予防・治療効果が得られる。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to an agent for preventing and treating fish infection, and more particularly, to a drug and method for preventing and treating vertical infection caused by viruses or pathogenic bacteria from parent fish.
[0002]
[Prior art]
In farms such as red sea bream, flounder, pheasant groupfish, cucumber, yellowtail, and amberjack, fish are bred at high density, so diseases often occur. The cause of the disease is mainly infection by viruses, pathogenic bacteria, parasites and the like. It is known that these are vertically infected from parent fish, and various countermeasures are taken against this (Patent Document 1).
[0003]
Among infectious diseases, particularly viral infections that kill fish that have started to spread rapidly in recent years have caused serious damage. Countermeasures such as oral administration of antibiotics and immunologically active substances are taken against these infectious diseases. However, pups and fry just after hatching are not open and cannot eat. Therefore, even if these countermeasures were taken, it was possible to feed after opening, and the effect was not always satisfactory.
[0004]
On the other hand, recently, the effect of polysaccharides on fish infections has also been known. For example, glucan obtained from mushrooms has a prophylactic / therapeutic effect on fish infections (Patent Document 2). It is disclosed that sulfated polysaccharides and seaweed have a preventive / therapeutic effect on viral infections (Patent Documents 3 and 4). However, although various attempts have been made to prevent and treat infections in fish farms and the like in this way, the damage caused by infections from parent fish (vertical infection) has not decreased, and more effective prevention and treatment. Agents and methods for their administration are desired.
[0005]
Viral Nervous Necrosis (VNNV, Viral Encephalopathy and Retinopathy; VER), especially in the case of viral neuronecrosis or viral ascites, the school of fish containing the infected fish is completely destroyed within 1 to 2 weeks after infection. As a result, there was a problem that the infection method of pups and fry was not in time by the oral treatment alone. As a preventive measure, until now, eggs of uninfected fish selected by the PCR method have been laid. In addition, vaccine therapy using VNNV coat protein has been disclosed as a method for blocking horizontal infection of groupers (Patent Document 1). However, vaccines are expensive and do not need to be administered to each target fish. Since it must not be, it would impose an excessive burden on the user, which was not realistic. On the other hand, there was no effective measure for already infected fish.
[0006]
[Patent Document 1]
JP 2001-278896 A [Patent Document 2]
JP-A-2-218615 [Patent Document 3]
International Publication No. 98/42204 Pamphlet [Patent Document 4]
International Publication No. 02/092114 Pamphlet [0007]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a fish infection preventive / therapeutic agent and a preventive / therapeutic method having an excellent preventive / therapeutic effect on virus infection and bacterial infection derived from parent fish.
[0008]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In view of such circumstances, the present inventor has intensively studied, and as a result, (A) one or two kinds selected from (A) Trolocomb algae, Kajime algae, Giant kelp, Ascophyllum algae, Mozuku, extracts thereof, and fucoidan. It has been found that by using together one or two or more selected from (B) Lactococcus such as Enterococcus faecalis and polyphenols, a high preventive / therapeutic effect on viral infection and bacterial infection can be obtained. Furthermore, the composition of the present invention can also be administered by the chemical bath method, and it is possible to administer the parent fish by the oral method and the hatchlings and juveniles by the chemical bath method and the oral method. The present invention has been completed by finding that it is effective for preventing and treating fish infection by bacteria.
[0009]
That is, the present invention provides the following components (A) and (B)
There is provided a viral infection preventive or therapeutic agent for fish according to vertical transmission from parent fish, characterized by containing (A) Fucoidanobacter emissions <br/> (B) Enterococcus faecalis <br/>.
The present invention also provides a method for preventing and treating viral infection of fish by vertical infection from a parent fish , which comprises administering an effective amount of the above components (A) and (B).
[0010]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Among the components (A) used in the fish infection preventive / therapeutic agent of the present invention, the Trolocombu genus algae is a brown alga of the genus Trolocombu that thrives in Hokkaido, such as Kushiro and Nemuro, and is rich in mucus. It has long strips or plate-like leaves with a length of 1 to 5 m and a width of 10 cm, and complex cloud pattern irregularities are observed on its surface. Algae is known to contain nutrients such as potassium, sodium, vitamin A, iodine, and alginic acid. Examples of the algae of the genus Trolocomb used in the present invention include trorocomb (Kjellmaniella crassifolia), gagome (Kjellmaniella gyrata), and the like. Any of them can be used preferably, but it is particularly preferable to use trorocomb.
Kajime algae is a brown algae of the genus Kajime that grows in the reef zone on the Pacific coast south of Kanto. It has a plate-like or strip-like central leaf at the top of its elongated stem, and its wings are spread to the left and right. Lateral leaves are observed. Algae is rich in nutrients such as mannitol, iodine, and alginic acid, and is also used as a raw material for these. Examples of the genus brown algae used in the present invention include Ecklonia cava, Ecklonia kurome, Ecklonia stolonifera and the like, and any of them can be suitably used. preferable.
[0011]
Giant kelp used in the present invention is a brown algae that grows in the reef area of the California coast of North America, is known to grow to several tens of meters with a large number of side leaves attached to an elongated stem. Yes. Algae is known to contain nutrients such as calcium, vitamin B1, iodine, and alginic acid.
[0012]
Ascophyllum is a brown alga of the genus Hibamata that thrives along the coast of Scandinavia, including nutrients such as betaines, auxin, cytokinin, abscisic acid, polysaccharides, oligosaccharides, minerals, vitamins, amino acids, etc. It is known as a seaweed with a high content of alginic acid. Ascophyllum algae used in the present invention include, for example, Ascophyllum Nodosum.
[0013]
Mozuku is a brown algae that thrives in Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu, and Nansei Islands. It is 30 cm in length or more and is extremely soft and thin with a thick line with a thickness of 0.4 to 3.5 mm. Has regularly branched leaves. Algae is known to contain a large amount of fucoidan and alginic acid in addition to minerals such as calcium and magnesium. Examples of the mozuku used in the present invention include the Imomoku of the family Mozucaceae, the Okinawa mozuku of the family Nagamado, Ishimozuku, FT Mozuku, Sakhalin Mozuku, etc., and any of these can be used preferably, but it is particularly preferable to use Okinawa Mozuku.
[0014]
The seaweeds described above may be used as is or after pulverizing raw algal bodies, dried products, or salted products, or using water, a hydrophilic solvent, or a mixture extracted from these. You can also. For extraction temperature and time, a method suitable for each seaweed may be selected. For example, it may be infiltrated for several days at a low temperature or room temperature, or may be extracted by heating for several minutes to several hours. Such an extract can be used as it is, or may be subjected to a purification treatment or the like as long as the effect is not impaired.
[0015]
Fucoidan is a sulfated polysaccharide mainly composed of fucose with a molecular weight of around hundreds of thousands, and is abundant in brown algae mozuku, sea urchin, macabu, wakame, kombu, ajigusa, etc. and is harmless to the human body. is there. As the fucoidan used in the present invention, one obtained by pulverizing brown algae containing fucoidan may be used, or one extracted and purified using an appropriate method may be used. The extraction method is not particularly limited as long as it is a commonly used method, and examples thereof include acid extraction and hot water extraction. In addition, a polymer extracted from seaweed may be used after being reduced in molecular weight or oligosaccharide by, for example, hydrolysis by weak acid treatment or the like.
[0016]
The above-mentioned seaweed can be used as it is, and if used in the oral method, it may be used by mixing or blending with feed raw materials usually used for fish farming. The amount to be mixed or blended in the feed may be appropriately determined according to the fish and the culture method. For example, it is preferably about 1500 mg / kg to 10000 mg / kg, particularly 4000 mg / kg to 7000 mg / kg in the feed. . The feed amount of the feed containing these is preferably about 3% by mass of the weight of the fish per day. Moreover, if it uses for a chemical bath method, you may mix or mix | blend with bran and a cellulose powder, and may use it. The amount of these seaweeds to be administered to the aquarium may be appropriately determined according to the fish and the cultivation method. For example, about 60 mg / ton to 600 mg / ton, particularly 100 mg / ton to 300 mg / ton with respect to the amount of water in the tank. It is preferable to mix. What is necessary is just to administer the medicine bath containing these about 1 to 3 times a day.
[0017]
On the other hand, the amount of fucoidan may be appropriately determined according to the type of fish and the like. Usually, in the case of the oral method, about 1000 mg / kg to 4000 mg / kg, particularly 2000 mg / kg to 3000 mg / kg is added to the feed. Is preferred. Moreover, in the case of a chemical bath method, it is preferable to mix about 60 mg / ton to 200 mg / ton, particularly 100 mg / ton to 150 mg / ton with respect to the amount of water in the water tank.
[0018]
In the present invention, the component (A) further contains one or more selected from (B) lactic acid cocci and polyphenols. Lactococcus is a kind of lactic acid bacteria having a spherical appearance. Streptococcus bacteria such as Streptococcus lactis and Streptococcus cremoris, bacteria belonging to the genus Pediococcus such as Pediococcus halofilus, Enterococcus faecalis Examples include bacteria. Of these lactic acid cocci, Enterococcus faecalis is particularly preferable from the viewpoint of immunostimulatory effect.
[0019]
As the administration form of lactic acid cocci, the cells grown in a normal growth medium such as Rogosa medium may be administered as it is, centrifuged from the culture solution, and the supernatant is removed after standing. The cells recovered by such means may be administered. Further, freeze-dried or heat-dried products together with starch or skim milk can be used as excipients. The obtained microbial cells can use either live or dead bacteria, but live bacteria are particularly preferred.
[0020]
The amount of lactic acid cocci may be determined appropriately according to the type of fish and the like. Usually, by the oral method, for example, 1 × 10 10 cfu / g of microbial cells obtained by mixing 100 mg of an excipient The body-containing mixture is preferably blended in the feed at about 100 mg / kg to 300 mg / kg, particularly 150 mg / kg to 200 mg / kg. Moreover, in the case of the chemical bath method, it is preferable to mix the microbial cell-containing mixture at a rate of about 100 mg / ton to 400 mg / ton, particularly 150 mg / ton to 300 mg / ton with respect to the amount of water in the water tank.
[0021]
On the other hand, polyphenol is a general term for plant components having several or more, particularly three or more phenolic hydroxyl groups in the molecule, and is a plant metabolite present in most land plants. In plants, it is said to have UV protection, insect repellent, antibacterial and antioxidative effects, while antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects are also expected for the human body. These polyphenols are classified according to their basic skeleton into monomeric polyphenols such as flavonoids, chlorogenic acid, gallic acid, and ellagic acid, and polymer polyphenols (tannins) (Food and Development, 34 (6), 21-, 1999.).
[0022]
As the polyphenol used in the present invention, any of a monomer polyphenol and a polymer polyphenol may be used. In particular, tea-derived polyphenols such as catechin are preferable from the viewpoint of antibacterial effect. As such a polyphenol, a plant containing polyphenol may be used as it is, or a plant extracted with water, hot water, alcohol or the like may be used. As a method for extracting such a polyphenol, for example, if it is a polyphenol derived from tea, dry tea leaves are extracted with hot water, filtered by a commonly used method, and then the filtrate is freeze-dried to obtain a water-soluble tea polyphenol. be able to. Although this may be used as it is, water-soluble tea polyphenol may be treated with ethyl acetate or the like, and the resulting insolubilized polyphenol may be used.
[0023]
What is necessary is just to determine the compounding quantity of polyphenol suitably according to the kind of fish etc. For example, in the case of an oral method, it is preferable to mix | blend about 100 mg / kg-5000 mg / kg, especially 200 mg / kg-2000 mg / kg in feed. Moreover, in the case of a chemical bath method, it is preferable to mix about 200 mg / ton to 5000 mg / ton, particularly 200 mg / ton to 2000 mg / ton with respect to the amount of water in the water tank.
[0024]
The components (A) and (B) can be added separately. That is, you may administer the said component (A) as it is, or an extract directly. In addition, the component (B) is administered as it is, or the bacterial cells recovered by the culture solution of the lactic acid cocci or the centrifugation are used as they are, or the plant containing the polyphenol or the dried extract is supported as it is or on a carrier. May be.
[0025]
As a method for administering the fish infection preventive / therapeutic agent of the present invention, any of the oral method, the medicinal bath method, or a combination of both methods may be used. For example, a medicinal bath method may be selected for hatched larvae, particularly before opening, and an oral method and a medicinal bath method are preferably used in combination for fry after opening, particularly immediately after opening. It is also effective to administer orally to infected or uninfected parent fish to treat and protect the parent fish, as well as prevent vertical infection of eggs.
In the case of the oral method, the feed amount of feed containing these is preferably about 3% by mass of the weight of fish per day. On the other hand, in the case of the chemical bath method, the dosage of the chemical bath containing these is preferably about 1 to 3 times a day.
[0026]
The fish to which the infection preventive / therapeutic agent of the present invention can be applied is not particularly limited. , Amberjack, baramundi, seabass, turbot and the like. Examples of applicable infectious diseases include viral infections or bacterial infections that are vertically infected from parent fish. Especially, the effect with respect to viral neuronecrosis (VNNV) is high and preferable.
[0027]
Viral neuronecrosis mentioned here is a disease caused by Striped jack nervous necrosisvirus, which is a type of nodavirus, and is an infectious disease with a high mortality rate occurring in larvae. In the 1980s, it is known that it frequently causes disease in fish such as striped horse mackerel and pheasant grouper. In recent years, the target of infection has expanded to flounder and the like. Infected fish does not show any apparent lesions, but necrosis / disintegration is observed in nerve cells of the central nervous tissue and retina, and the surface layer swims without force and sinks while turning and rotating. Is recognized.
[0028]
【Example】
EXAMPLES Hereinafter, although an Example demonstrates this invention further in detail, this invention is not limited to these.
[0029]
Example 1 Preparation of seaweed As seaweed (Torocombu, Kajime, Ascophilum Nodsum, Giant Kelp, Okinawa Mozuku), salted ones were used. Each seaweed was homogenized and suspended in water of the same amount as its wet weight to remove salt. The suspension was further suspended in water at a rate of 1 liter per 1 kg of alga bodies, heated at 100 ° C. for 2 hours, and then allowed to stand at room temperature for extraction. Algae bodies were filtered off with gauze, and the suspension was centrifuged (9000 rpm, 60 minutes). Further, the supernatant was dried to obtain each seaweed extract as a powder.
[0030]
Example 2 Salted Okinawa mozuku was used as a raw material for preparing fucoidan. Okinawa mozuku was suspended in water of the same weight as its wet weight to remove salt, and then an aqueous hydrochloric acid solution was added to adjust the pH to 3. This suspension was heated at 100 ° C. for 10 minutes to extract fucoidan. Further, the insoluble matter was removed at 7000 G using a centrifugal separator, and the low molecular fraction having a molecular weight of 6000 or less was removed by repeating hydrofiltration at pH 3 using an ultrafiltration membrane having a molecular weight cut off of 6000. . Sodium hydroxide was added to the obtained fraction to adjust the pH to a range of 5.5 to 6.0. The concentrated liquid containing fucoidan as a main component was dried by spraying to obtain 5 g of fucoidan fraction powder per 1 kg of wet algal bodies.
[0031]
Example 3 Preparation of Lactococcus Lactococcus (Enterococcus faecalis IFO16804) was cultured in a growth medium (Rogosa medium) for 2 days, the culture was centrifuged (3,000 rpm, 30 minutes), and after standing, the supernatant was removed. The obtained bacterial cells (1 × 10 10 cfu / g) were mixed with skim milk (100 mg) as an excipient and freeze-dried to obtain a lactic acid cocci sample.
[0032]
Example 4 Preparation of Polyphenol 50 g of dried tea leaves were extracted with 550 mL of hot water for 30 minutes, filtered on filter paper, and the filtrate was freeze-dried. After drying, it was dissolved in ethyl acetate, and the supernatant was collected and dried under reduced pressure to obtain a polyphenol sample.
[0033]
Example 5 Oral administration to parental fish In vitro elimination effect of viral necrosis virus (VNNV) by administration of fucoidan alone and combined use of fucoidan, lactococci and polyphenols (protective effect of vertical infection from parent fish) )It was confirmed. As the sample, fucoidan, Enterococcus faecalis and polyphenol obtained in Examples 2 to 4 were used.
[0034]
(Administration method) As the fucoidan administration group, a feed in which only 2% fucoidan was adsorbed on a normal feed (Evian Kyowa) was used. On the other hand, as the mixed administration group, a mixture of 200 g of fucoidan, 10 g of lactic acid cocci sample and 20 g of polyphenol (hereinafter referred to as mixture A) was adsorbed on the normal feed by 2% by mass. All test groups were administered once a day for 6 consecutive days.
[0035]
(Test fish species) Red sea bream (number of test fish) 18 red sea bream parent fish (breeding method) 20t concrete water tanks were used one by one for each test section.
[0036]
(Test method) For the test, a red sea bream parent fish naturally infected with VNNV selected by PCR (hereinafter referred to as a VNNV positive sea bream parent fish) was used. Eighteen red sea bream fish were reared in each aquarium for 8 days. In each test group, PCR was performed before the feed administration (day 1 of breeding) and after the feed administration (day 8 of breeding) to examine the infection rate of VNNV. For the PCR test, unfertilized eggs collected using a catheter from the total excretion opening of red sea bream parent fish were used. The number of parent fish whose infection was observed in the eggs was defined as the number of positive fish, and the ratio of the number of positive fish to the number of test fish was calculated as the positive rate. The obtained results are shown in Table 1.
[0037]
[Table 1]
Figure 0004398172
[0038]
As shown in Table 1, it was found that the vertical infection rate of VNNV decreased by fucoidan alone administration. Moreover, the effect of further reducing the vertical infection rate was obtained by administering the mixture A as compared with fucoidan alone.
[0039]
Example 6 Effect 1 on hatched larvae derived from parent fish positive for viral neuronecrosis
Using larvae collected and hatched from VNNV positive red sea bream parent fish, the effect of reducing mortality due to VNNV when fucoidan and a mixture of fucoidan and lactococcus were used was confirmed.
[0040]
(Administration method) Fucoidan and Enterococcus faecalis obtained in Examples 2-3 were used. 6 g of fucoidan prepared in the same manner as in Example 5 and 6 g of a mixture obtained by adsorbing 2% by mass of a mixture (hereinafter referred to as mixture B) prepared so as to be 200 g of fucoidan and 10 g of a lactic acid cocci sample on a normal feed, It melt | dissolved with 2000 ml warm water (about 60 degreeC), and it administered as the fucoidan liquid and the mixture B liquid by spraying to a breeding aquarium (drug bath method).
[0041]
(Species of test fish) Red sea bream (number of test specimens) VNNV-positive red sea bream was collected from 4 female females and 200,000 fertilized eggs were obtained. From now on, 150,000 grains were randomly taken, and 60,000 grains were provided to each test section. (Raising method) A total of three 7t indoor concrete water tanks were used, one for each test zone.
[0042]
(Test method) Fucoidan-administered group was sprayed with 200 ml of fucoidan solution, 200-ml of mixture B was administered with the mixture B, and 200 ml of warm water was sprayed with the control group in the same manner as the fertilized eggs.
After the breeding, 100 fish were randomly collected from each section, and the nerve tissue of the fry was observed with an optical microscope (400 magnification) to measure the infection rate of viral neuronecrosis. The obtained results are shown in Table 2.
[0043]
[Table 2]
Figure 0004398172
[0044]
As shown in Table 2, administration of fucoidan resulted in a decrease in the infection rate of viral necrosis. Moreover, the effect which reduces the infection rate of the same disease more notably by administering the mixture B was acquired.
[0045]
Example 7 Effect 2 on hatched larvae derived from parent fish positive for viral neuronecrosis
Using larvae collected and hatched from VNNV-positive red sea bream parent fish, the effect of reducing mortality due to VNNV when fucoidan and a mixture of fucoidan, lactobacilli, and polyphenol were used was confirmed.
[0046]
(Administration method) Fucoidan, Enterococcus faecalis, and tea polyphenols used in Examples 2 to 4 were used. 6 g of fucoidan and 6 g of mixture A prepared in the same manner as in Example 5 were dissolved in 2000 ml of warm water (about 60 ° C.), and the mixture was administered as a fucoidan solution and a mixture solution (spray bath method) by spraying in a breeding aquarium.
[0047]
(Species of test fish) Red sea bream (number of test specimens) VNNV-positive red sea bream was collected from 4 female females and 200,000 fertilized eggs were obtained. From now on, 150,000 grains were randomly taken, and 60,000 grains were provided to each test section. (Raising method) A total of three 7t indoor concrete water tanks were used, one for each test zone.
[0048]
(Test method) Fucoidan administration group was sprayed with 200 ml of fucoidan solution, 200 ml of mixture A solution was administered to the mixed administration group, and 200 ml of warm water was sprayed on the control group in the same manner as the fertilized eggs, and was kept stationary for 9 days.
After the breeding, 100 fish were randomly collected from each section, and the nerve tissue of the fry was observed with an optical microscope (400 magnification) to measure the infection rate of viral neuronecrosis. The obtained results are shown in Table 3.
[0049]
[Table 3]
Figure 0004398172
[0050]
As shown in Table 3, administration of fucoidan resulted in a reduction in the viral necrosis infection rate. Moreover, the effect which reduces the infection rate of the same disease more notably by administering the mixture A was acquired.
[0051]
Example 8 Effect on hatched larvae By using fucoidan and fucoidan, a lactobacilli, and a mixture of polyphenols (hereinafter referred to as a mixture) using a fried red sea bream collected from a VNNV-positive red sea bream parent fish, due to viral neuronecrosis The effect of reducing mortality was confirmed.
[0052]
(Administration method) Fucoidan, Enterococcus faecalis, and tea polyphenols used in Examples 2 to 4 were used. 60 g of fucoidan and 60 g of mixture A were each dissolved in 2000 ml of warm water (about 55 ° C.) to give a fucoidan solution and a mixture A solution, which were administered to the breeding aquarium (drug bath method).
(Test fish species) Red sea bream (Number of test fish) From about 4 million grains of fertilized eggs, about 3.5 million red sea bream hatchlings were obtained. 460,000 of these fry were collected at random, and 150,000 were provided to each test area.
(Raising method) A total of three 60t indoor concrete water tanks were used for each test section. The feed was appropriately increased according to the stage of development of the fry, and the total feed amount was 5 to 15% per body weight, and the animals were raised for 60 days.
[0053]
(Test method) The fucoidan administration group was sprayed with 200 ml of fucoidan solution, the mixed administration group was sprayed with 200 ml of the mixture once a day in a 60 t water tank, and the control group was sprayed with 200 ml of salt water in the same manner. Collect dead larvae, conduct a neurological tissue observation diagnosis by PCR examination and optical microscope (400 magnification) to determine that the main cause of death of the larvae is viral neuronecrosis, and from the diagnosis results, VNNV during the breeding period Daily maximum deaths, cumulative deaths at the end of breeding, and cumulative mortality were examined. Table 4 shows the obtained results.
[0054]
[Table 4]
Figure 0004398172
[0055]
As shown in Table 4, administration of fucoidan resulted in a reduction in mortality due to viral necrosis. Moreover, by administering the mixture A, an effect of further significantly reducing the mortality of the same disease was obtained.
[0056]
【The invention's effect】
By using the composition of the present invention, it is possible to prevent vertical infection derived from parent fish against infections caused by viruses. Furthermore, a high infection prevention / treatment effect can be obtained for hatched larvae before opening.

Claims (6)

次の成分(A)及び(B)
(A)コイダ
(B)エンテロコッカス・フェカリス
を含有することを特徴とする親魚からの垂直感染による魚類のウイルス感染予防・治療剤。
Next components (A) and (B)
(A) Fucoidanobacter emissions <br/> (B) virus infection preventive or therapeutic agent for fish according to vertical transmission from parent fish, characterized by containing Enterococcus faecalis <br/>.
さらに、茶由来のポリフェノールを含有する請求項記載の魚類のウイルス感染予防・治療剤。 Furthermore, viral infection preventive or therapeutic agent for fish according to claim 1, containing polyphenols from tea. ウイルス感染症が、ウイルス性神経壊死症である請求項1又は2記載の魚類のウイルス感染予防・治療剤。 The agent for preventing or treating fish viral infection according to claim 1 or 2 , wherein the viral infection is viral necrosis. 薬浴、又は薬浴と経口の併用で投与するためのものである請求項1〜3のいずれか1項記載の魚類のウイルス感染予防・治療剤。The agent for preventing or treating fish viral infection according to any one of claims 1 to 3 , wherein the agent is for administration in a drug bath or in combination with a drug bath orally. (A)コイダ、並びに(B)エンテロコッカス・フェカリスの有効量を投与することを特徴とする、親魚からの垂直感染による魚類のウイルス感染予防・治療方法。(A) Fucoidanobacter emissions, and (B), characterized by administering an effective amount of Enterococcus faecalis, viral infection prophylaxis or treatment method of fish by vertical transmission from parent fish. 投与方法が、薬浴、又は薬浴と経口の併用である請求項記載の魚類のウイルス感染予防・治療方法。6. The method for preventing and treating fish viral infection according to claim 5 , wherein the administration method is a drug bath or a combination of a drug bath and an oral administration.
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