JP4394785B2 - Rice cultivation method - Google Patents

Description

【００１３】
また、乾物重ではコントロール区に比べ酢を使用したものの方が重く、中でも黒酢区が全てにおいて重く、特に穂については顕著な差があった（表２）。
【００１４】
【表２】

【００１５】
また、収量については、酢を使用した方が多収であり、コントロール区と１％レベルの有意水準がみられ、また、穂数・１穂籾数についても同様であった（表３）。また、精白米中のＮ（窒素）とＯＩＬ（油脂）の含有率は、黒酢区がコントロール区より低い値を示した（同表３）。
【００１６】
【表３】

【００１７】
実施例２において、生育に伴う草丈・茎数に差はなかった。乾物重においては黒酢区の穂が他の試験区に比べ重かった（表４）。
【００１８】
【表４】

【００１９】
また、根について調査したところ、黒酢区において生育が良く、コントロール区・木酢区と有意な差がみられた（表５）。
【００２０】
【表５】

【００２１】
以上の結果より、酢を散布することはコシヒカリの各部位の生長を促進した。収量は、穂数／平方メートルと、また２次枝梗数と相関にあり、穂数は、籾数と逆相関があった（表６）。
【００２２】
【表６】

【００２３】
これより酢の区では、１穂籾数の少なさを穂数で補い、収量においてコントロール区より多収であった。さらに、木酢に比して黒酢は根の生長を促進し、独自の養分吸収・蓄積によりＮ（少ないと食味向上）とＯＩＬ（少ないと保存性向上）の含有率を下げ、よって、黒酢の葉面散布により良質なコシヒカリを作れることが示唆された。
【００２４】
＜実施例３及びその結果＞
比重１.１３で塩水選したコシヒカリ種子を湛水苗代で、約１カ月間育てた。
移植は実施年の平成８年５月２３日で、５.６葉期の成苗で１乃至２本の分げつを持った株を用いた。栽植様式は、４Ｋｇ容ポリ容器に１本植えとした。試験区は表７の通りで、それぞれ３反復した。
【００２５】
窒素施肥は、全区にＮ成分で３ｇ／平方メートル、追肥に６ｇ／平方メートルで、肥料は、「さおとめ有機質肥料」（成分Ｎ・Ｐ・Ｋ＝１０％・１４％・１０％）を使用した。酢の葉面散布は、移植後、１３日、１８日、３７日（出穂前４０日）、４８日（出穂前３０日）、６２日（出穂前１９日）に希釈液１００〜１２０ｍｌ／平方メートルとなるように霧吹きで散布した。
【００２６】
収量については、１.８５ｍｍ以上の玄米重量を測定し、Ｑ検定を行って表７を得た。
【００２７】
【表７】

【００２８】
このように、黒酢５００倍液散布区が１７.７ｇ／本と最高で、コントロール区が１１.７ｇ／本と最低になった。黒酢５００倍液、黒酢５００倍液＋木酢２００倍液を葉面散布した場合は、木酢の希釈液を葉面散布した場合または何も葉面散布をしなかった場合に比べて、５％の危険率で有意差が認められた。
【００２９】
即ち、黒酢５００倍液、黒酢５００倍＋木酢２００倍液を葉面散布した場合は、木酢の希釈液を葉面散布した場合または何も葉面散布をしなかった場合よりも、その他の収量構成要因が変わらないという条件下で、１００年稲をつくって９５年は明らかに増収するという結果が得られた。
【００３０】
＜実施例４及びその結果＞
いもち病菌Ｐ−２株をミサト培地（可溶性デンプン１.０％，酵母エキス０.２％，寒天１.５％，ｐＨ６.０）にて培養増殖させ、胞子を形成させ、続いて、形成された胞子をかきとり、ブレンダーにて細かくし、ガーゼろ過、遠心分離を繰り返し、胞子のみを採取した。
【００３１】
更に、テトラヘキサコサノールをクロロホルムに溶解し、カバーガラスに塗り、乾燥させ、稲の葉面のワックス層に似た環境をつくり出し、上記胞子を試験区の希釈液に混合し、カバーガラス（ワックス層）の上に滴下し、１８時間・３０℃テレモで培養し、検鏡し、付着器の形成状態を見た。
【００３２】
また、試験区としては、黒酢５００倍希釈、木酢５００倍希釈、対称区として水を採用した。
【００３３】
付着器の形成状態を拡大写真撮影したところ、対称区においては菌はしっかりとした付着器を形成しているが、黒酢５００倍希釈では付着器の形成はわずかに確認できるのみ、木酢５００倍希釈では付着器はほとんど形成されず菌自体も著しく小さくなっていた。
【００３４】
従って、玄米黒酢及び木酢はいもち病の予防に効果があることが確認された。
【００３５】
＜実施例５及びその結果＞
実施例４の追加実験として実験例４と同様にカバーガラス上での稲いもち病菌胞子の発芽状況をコントロール区（水）、玄米黒酢区（玄米黒酢１００倍希釈区）、木酢区（木酢１００倍希釈区）で比較した。
【００３６】
１−ヘキサコサノールをクロロホルムに溶解してカバーガラスに塗り、乾燥させ、稲の葉面のワックス層に似た環境をつくり出し、一方、実施例４と同様に処理したいもち病菌の胞子をコントロール液（水）若しくは試験液（玄米黒酢１００倍希釈液、木酢１００倍希釈液）に混合し、前記カバーガラス（ワックス層）の上に滴下した。このカバーガラスを、乾燥を防ぐ為、蒸留水を入れた減菌シャーレの中を置き、３０℃で培養した。検鏡は、１２時間後、２４時間後、６０時間後とした。
【００３７】
いもち病胞子は、１２時間後、コントロール区において発芽を始めていたが、玄米黒酢区及び木酢区においては変化は認められなかった。２４時間後、コントロール区において明らかに発芽した胞子を確認できたが、玄米黒酢区及び木酢区においては変化は認められなかった。６０時間後、コントロール区において付着器を形成した胞子が確認できたが、玄米黒酢区及び木酢区においてはスタート時と変化がなかった。
【００３８】
以上の結果から、稲の葉面に１００倍希釈濃度の玄米黒酢の層を形成することにより、いもち病菌が付着しても発芽が抑制されることになり、いもち病の発病を防ぐ可能性が極めて高いことが確認された。また、木酢についても同様の効果が発揮される。
【００３９】
尚、玄米黒酢１００倍希釈液は、玄米黒酢の酸度４.５％が全量酢酸と仮定すると、酢酸濃度は０.０４５％となる。
【００４０】
＜実施例６及びその結果＞
玄米黒酢について、コシヒカリへの施用がその生長・収量に与える影響について実験した。また、玄米黒酢が最も効果的に作用すると思われる濃度を実験した。
【００４１】
比重１.１３で塩水選したコシヒカリの種子を湛水苗代で４〜５葉期まで育苗し、５月２１日に実験用コンクリートポットに移植した。栽植様式は１本植えの正方形植えとし、栽植密度は平方メートル当たり６０株とした。基肥は平方メートル当たりＮ：Ｐ：Ｋ＝５：８：１０ｇとし、７月２２日に平方メートル当たりＮ：Ｋ＝６：５ｇを追肥した。処理は玄米黒酢を水道水で７００倍（６５ｐｐｍ）、５００倍（９２ｐｐｍ）、４００倍（１１５ｐｐｍ）に希釈し、夫々分げつ期２回、幼穂形成初期１回、減数分裂期１回、及び、出穂後に１回、植物体に噴霧器で散布した。草丈と茎数の調査を毎週１回行い、光合成速度を７月に２回、最上位完全展開葉（Ｌ１１）で測定した。また、収穫までに３回のサンプリングを行った。玄米収量は収穫期に各試験区から１０個体を刈り取り調査した。また、Ｎ分析には近赤外線分析計（インフラライザー２６０）を用いた。また、光合成速度は、二酸化炭素の取り込み量から測定した。
【００４２】
この実験例６の結果、玄米黒酢の散布直後から玄米黒酢区とコントール区の生育に違いが見られ、草丈はコントロール区（ｃｏｎｔ.区）に対して全ての玄米黒酢区で高くなる傾向が見られた。また、茎数もコントロール区に対して全ての玄米黒酢区で高く推移し、７月２日（４２日目）にはコントロール区と各玄米黒酢区に有意な差がみられた。また、生育後期には７００倍区が高い値を示した。
【００４３】
また、ＬＡＩ値（葉面積指数：光合成能力に関係し、稲の生長にかかわる。）は７００倍区と５００倍区で高く推移し、９月１１日にはコントロール区と７００倍区間に有意な差がみられた。
【００４４】
また、地上部乾物量は各部位とも玄米黒酢区で大きく、特に穂重にその傾向が顕著であった。９月１１日には稈・葉鞘・穂のコントロール区と７００倍区間に有意な差がみられた。
【００４５】
また、窒素蓄積量（蓄積量が多ければ、生長が良いことを示す。）は各部位とも黒酢処理区で高く、葉身・稈・穂のコントロール区と７００倍区間に有意な差がみられた。
【００４６】
また、黒酢散布２日後に光合成速度を測定したところ、２回とも各玄米黒酢区の値がコントロール区を上回り、７月１６日には５００倍区とコントロール区間に有意な差がみられた。
【００４７】
また、収量は７００倍区＞５００倍区＞４００倍区＞コントロール区となり、玄米黒酢区が高く、７００倍区とコントロール区で有意な差がみられた。穂数／平方メートル・一穂籾数・二次枝梗数は処理区で多く、特に穂数では７００倍区とコントロール区間に有意な差がみられた（下記表８）。また、収量構成要素では穂数／平方メートルと収量との間に高い正の相関がみられた（下記表９）。
【００４８】
【表８】

【００４９】
【表９】

【００５０】
また、食味は、精白米の窒素含有率が黒酢区でやや高かったが、良食味条件は窒素含有率１２.５％以下とされるので、許容範囲であると考えられた。
【００５１】
以上の結果から、黒酢によりコシヒカリの生育、特に初期生育が促進され、分げつの増加にともなう葉面積の拡大と乾物量の増加が、穂数の増加さらには収量向上に寄与したと考えられた。また、黒酢７００倍区では無効分げつが抑制され、有効茎歩合が高まったことが穂数の増加につながった。
【００５２】
＜他の実施実験の結果＞
玄米黒酢を稲作に応用する実施実験を行ったところ、下記の結果が得られた。
育苗期葉面散布について
【００５３】
播種時に玄米黒酢１０００倍希釈液を散布したところ、初期成育が促進された。
【００５４】
育苗期に玄米黒酢１０００倍希釈液を散布したところ、葉色が落ちず、元気な苗になった。また、カビ止め効果があった。
【００５５】
播種１２日目に玄米黒酢８００倍希釈液を散布し、更に播種２５日目に玄米黒酢５００倍希釈液を散布したところ、固く、腰が強く、根量が多い健苗に育った。
【００５６】
即ち、育苗期葉面散布によって、健苗づくりに役立つことが判明した。
【００５７】
本田葉面散布について
玄米黒酢５００倍希釈液を、１０ａ（アール）当たり２００ｌ（リットル）づつ、合計３回づつ葉面散布したところ、コントロール区に比べ、葉齢が遅れ気味だったのが出穂近くになったら逆転した。また、コントロール区に比べ葉色が濃く、稲の姿が大きく、有効茎歩合が高かった。
【００５８】
玄米黒酢５００倍希釈液を、６月９日、６月１２日、７月１０日、穂揃い期に葉面散布したところ、夏の暑さの中でも散布翌朝には元気さが良く分かった。また、刈り取り時は、無散布区に比べ柄持ちが良く、収量が期待された。
【００５９】
玄米黒酢５００倍希釈液を、３回葉面散布したところ、１０ａ当たりの収量が９.８俵（例年７俵）となった。また、周囲の稲が倒伏している中、玄米黒酢散布区は殆ど倒伏がなかった。
【００６０】
玄米黒酢と木酢とを１：１で混合し、３００倍に希釈して、幼穂形成期と刈り取り１０日前の２回葉面散布を行ったところ、収量は９俵（例年８.５俵）で３０ｋｇ余計だった。また、玄米黒酢を散布しなかった水田は黒い被害米が多かった。
【００６１】
即ち、本田葉面散布によって、稲の生育促進、有効茎歩合向上、倒伏軽減、増収、米の品質向上に効果があることが判明した。
【００６２】
水田流し込み施用について
玄米黒酢約１００００倍希釈液を、水田に２，３回流し込んだところ、コントロール区に比べ葉色が濃くなり、出穂が５日遅れた。また、出穂後の生長した。収量的には差がないようであったが、玄米黒酢を流し込んだ田圃は稲の倒伏がなかった。また、登熟の様子を観察すると、玄米黒酢を流し込んだ方は枝梗の枯れ上がりが早かった（登熟が早かった。）。また、有効茎歩合が高かった。また、１穂粒数１３０〜２８０粒と多収であった。
【００６３】
また、中山間地の棚田で同様の実験を行ったところ、イモチ病の発生がなく、梅雨明け後の長雨でも稲は少ししか倒伏しなかった。また、生育的には周囲の無散布のものと大差はなかった。また、サンプリング個体の最長かん長は、徒長気味であったが茎が堅く、稲体がしっかりしていて倒伏がほとんどなかった。
【００６４】
即ち、水田流し込み施用によって、生長促進、有効茎歩合向上、倒伏軽減、イモチ病の予防、登熟促進、増収に効果があることが判明した。
【００６５】
粉末玄米黒酢散布について
粉末玄米黒酢の現物を、無農薬アキタコマチ（１年目）に動噴により散布したところ、幼少期は葉焼けを起こしたが、生長した後は酢焼けの影響はなかった。また、収量は１０ａ当たり１０.７俵であった。また、９月２日に１.２ｈａ（ヘクタール）に粉末玄米黒酢１６ｋｇを散布したところ、散布後に茎や葉の色がまったくさめなかった。また、収穫した米をご飯にしたところ、食味値は８０点（ｋｅｔｔ）とかなりの高得点であった。
【００６６】
即ち、粉末玄米黒酢散布によって、肥効が長持ちし、増収、食味向上に効果があることが判明した。
【００６７】
尚、この粉末を散布する方法は、普通の粉状の農薬と同様に散布作業を行えるというメリットを有する。
【００６８】
以上の種々の実験結果により、稲の生育過程において稲に黒酢を散布すると稲の生長、特に根の生長が促進され、米の収量が増加し、また、いもち病が予防されることが判明した。
【００６９】
ところで、黒酢とは醸造酢の中の穀物酢・米酢に属するもので、一般的な食酢に使用される原料に比べ、玄米・玄麦または精白歩合の高い米・麦など、タンパク質含有率の高い穀物原料を使用し、醸造用アルコール等の添加物を一切使用せずに、酵母菌と酢酸菌によって醸造した食酢であり、玄米黒酢以外にも玄麦黒酢，大麦黒酢等が製品化されているが、精白米から醸造した通常の米酢、または穀物澱粉から醸造した通常の穀物酢に比べ、製品が濃い褐色を呈している。尚、本実施例において使用した黒酢は玄米黒酢である。
【００７０】
一方、木酢の主成分は酢酸、アセトン、メタノールであるが、その他多くの微量成分が含まれ、それらの成分の中に植物生育因子も存在するため、木酢は農産物の栽培に一部利用されている。
【００７１】
しかし、広葉樹以外の原材料で製造した木酢には、生物にとって有害な物質が含まれているとも伝えられ、また、炭化法によっては、リグニン（木材成分）に由来する発ガン性物質を含んだ木酢になる。さらに、回収・精製法によっては、タール分の多い木酢液が得られ、タール分が多いと、当然ながら薬害が惹起する。
【００７２】
そうした木酢に対し、黒酢は原材料が米・麦などの穀物と水であり、本来が食品のために農業資材、即ち、食品栽培用の資材としても極めて安全である。また、黒酢は醸造工程が一般には木酢に比し厳密に管理されているため、製品成分の変動は僅少である。また、実施例１〜３の葉面散布によっても、木酢に比し黒酢は稲作において特に米の収量に関して高い効果が得られ、よって、稲に散布する酢は黒酢が最適である。
【００７３】
しかも、本実施例においては、米の成分を含む玄米黒酢を使用したから、黒酢による効果が特に良好に発揮されたものと考えられる。
【００７４】
また、黒酢として玄米黒酢以外にも、例えば、組成分がほとんど変わらない玄麦黒酢を使用しても、実施例１〜６等と同様の結果を得られるものと予測される。
【００７５】
【発明の効果】
本発明は上述のようにするから、稲に黒酢を散布するだけで稲の生長が促進され、米の収量増加、食味・保存性の向上、いもち病予防の効果が発揮されることになる実用性，生産性に秀れた稲の栽培方法となる。
【００７６】
また、本発明は、米の収量に関係の深い分げつ期や幼穂形成期の稲に黒酢を散布するから、黒酢の効果が良好に発揮され、米の収量増加、食味・保存性の向上、いもち病予防の効果が一層高まる生産性に秀れた稲の栽培方法となる。
【００７７】
また、本発明は、稲の葉面に希釈した黒酢を散布するから、黒酢が稲の葉面から良好に吸収されるとともに、広範囲への黒酢の散布も良好に行えることになり、より一層実用性、作業性に秀れた稲の栽培方法となる。
【００７８】
また、本発明は、玄米黒酢には米の成分が含まれているから、玄米黒酢が稲になじみ易く、稲の生長をより一層促進することになり、より一層実用性に秀れた稲の栽培方法となる。
【００７９】
また、本発明は、黒酢の濃度が稲の生長に好適な濃度であるから、それだけ稲の生長が促進されることになる実用性、生産性に秀れた稲の栽培方法となる。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a rice cultivation method for increasing rice productivity.
[0002]
[Prior art and problems to be solved by the invention]
Traditionally, vinegar is said to have a wide variety of actions, such as enhancing the vitality of plants to increase resistance to diseases and pests, and improving the effects of fertilizers and pesticides.
[0003]
The present invention is an application of the above-described vinegar to rice cultivation. Especially, black vinegar is found to be effective in promoting rice growth, increasing rice yield, and preventing rice blast. The purpose is to provide cultivation methods.
[0004]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The gist of the present invention will be described.
[0005]
The present invention relates to a rice cultivation method characterized by spraying brown rice black vinegar diluted 400 to 700 times on the leaf surface of rice in both the tillering stage and the young panicle formation stage in the rice growth process.
[0006]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The preferred embodiment of the present invention (how to carry out the invention) will be briefly described by showing its effects.
[0007]
In the present invention, a clear effect is obtained by repeated experiments, and black vinegar sprayed on rice is absorbed from the leaf surface of the rice, and particularly the growth of the root of the rice is promoted. As the root growth is promoted, the nutrient absorption and accumulation processes are affected, and it is thought that the effect of increasing rice yield and preventing blast disease is exerted.
[0008]
【Example】
Specific examples of the present invention will be described.
[0009]
<Example 1>
Koshihikari seeds selected with salt water at a specific gravity of 1.13 were grown until they became medium seedlings in the submerged seedlings and transplanted on May 23, 1997. The planting style was a square plant with a single plant, and the planting density was 60 plants per square meter. The basic fertilizer was applied at N 5 g / square meter, P 8 g / square meter, K 10 g / square meter, and N 6 g / square meter, K 5 g / square meter was applied as additional fertilizer on July 18, the same year. Black vinegar (brown rice black vinegar, brown rice black vinegar made by Ishiyama Miso Soy Sauce Co., Ltd.), wood vinegar (adopted pure wood vinegar solution made by Agricultural Techno Techno Co., Ltd.), black vinegar + wood vinegar After diluting 500 times, it was sprayed toward the leaves of rice at the tillering stage 2 times and the young panicle formation stage 3 times. Investigated with emphasis on plant weight (August 20) and yield.
[0010]
<Example 2>
One plant was planted in a 1 / 2000a Wagner pot and examined in the same manner as in Example 1 including root growth.
[0011]
<Results of Examples 1 and 2>
In Example 1, there was no difference in the plant height associated with the growth, but the number of stems using wood vinegar tended to increase in the later stages of growth, and the control group (adopting conventional cultivation method) and black vinegar group A significant difference was shown (Table 1).
[0012]
[Table 1]

[0013]
Moreover, in dry matter weight, those using vinegar were heavier than those in the control group, and in particular, the black vinegar group was heavier in all cases, and there was a remarkable difference particularly in the ear (Table 2).
[0014]
[Table 2]

[0015]
In addition, the yield was higher when vinegar was used, the control group and the 1% level of significance were observed, and the same was true for the number of spikes and the number of spikelets (Table 3). Moreover, the content rate of N (nitrogen) and OIL (oil and fat) in the polished rice showed a lower value in the black vinegar than in the control (Table 3).
[0016]
[Table 3]

[0017]
In Example 2, there was no difference in the plant height and the number of stems accompanying growth. In terms of dry weight, the ears of the black vinegar were heavier than the other test areas (Table 4).
[0018]
[Table 4]

[0019]
In addition, when the roots were investigated, the growth was good in the black vinegar, and a significant difference was found between the control and wood vinegars (Table 5).
[0020]
[Table 5]

[0021]
From the above results, spraying vinegar promoted the growth of each part of Koshihikari. The yield was correlated with the number of spikes / square meter and the number of secondary branch infarcts, and the number of spikes was inversely correlated with the number of pods (Table 6).
[0022]
[Table 6]

[0023]
From this, in the vinegar section, the small number of spikelets was supplemented by the number of spikelets, and the yield was higher than in the control section. In addition, black vinegar promotes root growth compared to wood vinegar and lowers the content of N (improves taste when less) and OIL (improves preservation when less) due to its unique nutrient absorption and accumulation. It was suggested that good quality Koshihikari can be made by foliar spraying.
[0024]
<Example 3 and results thereof>
Koshihikari seeds selected with salt water at a specific gravity of 1.13 were grown for about one month at the submerged seedling cost.
Transplantation was carried out on May 23, 1996, using a 5.6 leaf mature seedling with one or two tillers. The planting style was one planted in a 4 kg poly container. The test plots were as shown in Table 7, and each was repeated three times.
[0025]
Nitrogen fertilization was 3 g / sq.m. For N component and 6 g / sq.m for additional fertilization, and "Saotome organic fertilizer" (components N, P, K = 10%, 14%, 10%) was used as the fertilizer. The vinegar leaves are sprayed on the 13th, 18th, 37th (40 days before heading), 48 (30 days before heading), and 62 days (19 days before heading) after transplanting. It was sprayed with a spray spray.
[0026]
Regarding the yield, Table 7 was obtained by measuring the weight of brown rice of 1.85 mm or more and conducting Q test.
[0027]
[Table 7]

[0028]
Thus, the black vinegar 500-fold spraying group was the highest at 17.7 g / tube, and the control group was the lowest at 11.7 g / tube. When the black vinegar 500 times solution, black vinegar 500 times solution + wood vinegar 200 times solution is sprayed on the foliage, it is 5 compared to the case where the diluted liquid of wood vinegar is sprayed on the leaves or nothing is sprayed on the leaves. There was a significant difference in the% risk rate.
[0029]
That is, when 500 times of black vinegar, 500 times of black vinegar + 200 times of wood vinegar are sprayed on the foliage, other than when the diluted liquid of wood vinegar is sprayed on the leaves or nothing is sprayed on the leaves Under the condition that the yield composition factor of the rice plant does not change, the result was that a 100-year-old rice was produced and the sales increased in 1995.
[0030]
<Example 4 and results>
The blast fungus P-2 strain is cultured and grown in Misato medium (soluble starch 1.0%, yeast extract 0.2%, agar 1.5%, pH 6.0) to form spores, which are subsequently formed. The spores were scraped off, fined with a blender, gauze filtration and centrifugation were repeated, and only spores were collected.
[0031]
Furthermore, tetrahexacosanol is dissolved in chloroform, applied to a cover glass, dried, and an environment similar to the wax layer on the leaf surface of rice is created. The above spores are mixed with the diluent in the test section, and the cover glass (wax is added). It was dripped on the layer), cultured for 18 hours at 30 ° C. in a telemo, examined under a microscope, and the formation state of the attachment device was observed.
[0032]
Moreover, as test plot, black vinegar was diluted 500 times, wood vinegar was diluted 500 times, and water was adopted as a symmetrical plot.
[0033]
Taking a close-up photo of the state of the attachment, the fungus is forming a firm attachment in the symmetric area, but the formation of the attachment can only be confirmed slightly by dilution with black vinegar 500 times, but the wood vinegar 500 times At dilution, almost no attachment was formed and the bacteria themselves were significantly smaller.
[0034]
Therefore, it was confirmed that brown rice black vinegar and wood vinegar are effective in preventing blast.
[0035]
<Example 5 and its result>
As an additional experiment of Example 4, the germination status of rice blast fungus spores on the cover glass in the same manner as in Experimental Example 4 was determined for the control group (water), brown rice black vinegar (brown rice black vinegar diluted 100 times), and wood vinegar (wood vinegar). 100-fold dilution group).
[0036]
1-Hexacosanol is dissolved in chloroform and applied to a cover glass and dried to create an environment similar to the wax layer on the leaf surface of rice. On the other hand, the spore of blast fungus treated in the same manner as in Example 4 is used as a control solution. (Water) or a test solution (brown rice black vinegar 100-fold diluted solution, wood vinegar 100-fold diluted solution) was dropped onto the cover glass (wax layer). In order to prevent drying, the cover glass was placed in a sterilized petri dish containing distilled water and cultured at 30 ° C. The speculum was performed after 12 hours, 24 hours, and 60 hours.
[0037]
Rice blast spores started to germinate in the control group after 12 hours, but no change was observed in the brown rice black vinegar and wood vinegar. After 24 hours, spores clearly germinated in the control group could be confirmed, but no change was observed in the brown rice black vinegar and wood vinegar. After 60 hours, the spores that formed the adhering device were confirmed in the control group, but there was no change in the brown rice black vinegar and the wood vinegar when starting.
[0038]
From the above results, the formation of a 100-fold diluted brown rice black vinegar layer on the leaf surface of rice will suppress germination even if blast fungus adheres, possibly preventing the development of blast Was found to be extremely high. Moreover, the same effect is exhibited also about wood vinegar.
[0039]
In addition, the brown rice black vinegar 100-fold diluted solution has an acetic acid concentration of 0.045%, assuming that the acidity of brown rice black vinegar is 4.5%.
[0040]
<Example 6 and results>
About brown rice black vinegar, it experimented about the influence which the application to Koshihikari gives to the growth and the yield. We also experimented with the concentration at which brown rice black vinegar seems to work most effectively.
[0041]
The seeds of Koshihikari selected with salt water at a specific gravity of 1.13 were raised to the 4th to 5th leaf stage by submerged seedlings, and transplanted to a concrete concrete pot on May 21. The planting style was a single square plant, and the planting density was 60 plants per square meter. The basic fertilizer was N: P: K = 5: 8: 10 g per square meter, and N: K = 6: 5 g per square meter was added on July 22. Treatment is brown rice black vinegar diluted with tap water 700 times (65 ppm), 500 times (92 ppm), 400 times (115 ppm), respectively, 2 tillers, 1 early panicle formation, 1 meiosis, And once after heading, the plant body was sprayed with the sprayer. The plant height and the number of stems were examined once a week, and the photosynthetic rate was measured twice in July on the highest fully developed leaf (L11). In addition, sampling was performed three times before harvesting. The brown rice yield was investigated by harvesting 10 individuals from each test area during the harvest period. Moreover, the near-infrared analyzer (Infralizer 260) was used for N analysis. The photosynthesis rate was measured from the amount of carbon dioxide taken up.
[0042]
As a result of Experimental Example 6, there is a difference in the growth of brown rice black vinegar and control zone immediately after the brown rice black vinegar is sprayed, and the plant height is higher in all brown rice black vinegar than in the control zone (cont. Ward). There was a trend. In addition, the number of stems was higher in all brown rice vinegar than in the control, and a significant difference was observed between the control and each brown rice vinegar on July 2 (day 42). In the late growth period, the 700-fold plot showed a high value.
[0043]
In addition, the LAI value (leaf area index: related to photosynthetic capacity and related to rice growth) is high in the 700-fold and 500-fold districts, and is significant in the control zone and the 700-fold zone on September 11 There was a difference.
[0044]
In addition, the amount of dry matter on the ground was large in the brown rice black vinegar at each site, and the tendency was particularly remarkable in the panicle weight. On September 11, there was a significant difference between the control group of cocoons, leaf sheaths and ears and the 700-fold section.
[0045]
In addition, the amount of nitrogen accumulation (the larger the accumulation amount, the better the growth) is high in the black vinegar-treated area, and there is a significant difference between the control area for leaf blades, persimmons and ears and the 700-fold area. It was.
[0046]
Moreover, when the photosynthetic rate was measured 2 days after spraying black vinegar, the value of each brown rice black vinegar section exceeded the control section both times, and on July 16, there was a significant difference between the 500-fold section and the control section. It was.
[0047]
The yield was 700 times> 500 times> 400 times> control, brown rice black vinegar was high, and a significant difference was observed between 700 times and control. The number of spikes / square meter, the number of spikelets and the number of secondary branch infarcts were large in the treated group, and in particular, the number of spikes was significantly different between the 700-fold group and the control section (Table 8 below). In the yield component, a high positive correlation was found between the number of spikes / square meter and the yield (Table 9 below).
[0048]
[Table 8]

[0049]
[Table 9]

[0050]
Moreover, although the nitrogen content of the polished rice was slightly high in the black vinegar, the taste was considered to be acceptable because the good taste condition was 12.5% or less.
[0051]
From the above results, it is considered that the growth of Koshihikari, especially the initial growth, was promoted by black vinegar, and the increase in leaf area and the increase in dry matter accompanying the increase in tillers contributed to the increase in the number of ears and the improvement in yield. It was. Moreover, in the 700 times black vinegar, the invalid tiller was suppressed, and the increase in the effective stem ratio led to an increase in the number of ears.
[0052]
<Results of other experiments>
The following results were obtained when an implementation experiment in which brown rice black vinegar was applied to rice cultivation was conducted.
About foliar application at the seedling stage [0053]
When the brown rice black vinegar diluted 1000 times was sprayed at the time of sowing, initial growth was promoted.
[0054]
When the brown rice black vinegar 1000-fold diluted solution was sprayed during the seedling raising period, the leaf color did not drop, and the seedlings were fine. In addition, there was an antifungal effect.
[0055]
On the 12th day of sowing, an 800-fold diluted solution of brown rice black vinegar was sprayed. Further, on the 25th day of seeding, a 500-fold diluted solution of brown rice black vinegar was sprayed.
[0056]
That is, it was found that foliar spraying at the seedling stage is useful for making healthy seedlings.
[0057]
Honda foliage spraying The brown rice black vinegar 500-fold diluted solution was sprayed three times at a rate of 200 l (liter) per 10a (all), and the leaf age was slightly delayed compared to the control plot. When it was close, it reversed. In addition, the leaves were darker than the control group, the rice was large, and the effective stem ratio was high.
[0058]
When we sprayed 500 times diluted brown rice black vinegar on June 9th, June 12th, and July 10th, it was well-heated in the morning after spraying. . Also, when harvesting, the handle was better than the non-sprayed area, and yield was expected.
[0059]
When the diluted solution of brown rice black vinegar 500 times was sprayed three times, the yield per 10a was 9.8 kg (normally 7 kg). Moreover, while the surrounding rice was lying down, the brown rice black vinegar sprayed area had almost no lodging.
[0060]
Brown rice black vinegar and wood vinegar were mixed at a ratio of 1: 1, diluted 300 times, and sprayed twice on the foliage formation stage and 10 days before cutting, yielding 9 kg (typically 8.5 kg) It was an extra 30kg. In addition, paddy fields that were not sprayed with brown rice black vinegar had a lot of black damaged rice.
[0061]
That is, it was found that Honda foliar spraying is effective in promoting rice growth, improving effective stem ratio, reducing lodging, increasing yield, and improving rice quality.
[0062]
About paddy field application When brown rice black vinegar diluted about 10,000 times was poured into the paddy field a few times, the leaf color became darker than the control area, and heading was delayed by 5 days. It also grew after heading. Although there seemed to be no difference in yield, the rice fields that had been fed with brown rice black vinegar had no rice lodging. Also, when ripening was observed, those with brown rice black vinegar were quicker to dry out of the branch stem (ripening was faster). Moreover, the effective stem ratio was high. Moreover, the number of spikelets was 130 to 280 and high yield.
[0063]
A similar experiment was conducted in terraced rice fields in the hilly and mountainous areas, and there was no outbreak of rice blast disease, and rice planted only a little in the long rain after the rainy season. In terms of growth, it was not much different from the surrounding unsprayed ones. In addition, the longest length of the sampled individuals seemed stubborn, but the stems were firm, the rice was firm, and there was almost no lodging.
[0064]
That is, it has been found that application of paddy field is effective in promoting growth, improving effective stem ratio, reducing lodging, preventing potato diseases, promoting ripening, and increasing yield.
[0065]
About powdered brown rice black vinegar The powdered brown rice black vinegar was sprayed on pesticide-free Akita Komachi (first year) by moving spray, but it caused leaf burning in childhood, but after growing it was not affected by vinegar burning It was. The yield was 10.7 kg per 10a. Further, when 16 kg of powdered brown rice black vinegar was sprayed on 1.2 ha (ha) on September 2, the color of stems and leaves was not reduced at all after spraying. Moreover, when the harvested rice was used as rice, the taste value was 80 points (ketts), which was a fairly high score.
[0066]
That is, it was proved that the application of brown rice black vinegar has a long-lasting effect and is effective in increasing the yield and improving the taste.
[0067]
In addition, this method of spraying powder has the merit that the spraying operation can be performed in the same manner as an ordinary powdery pesticide.
[0068]
From the above experimental results, it was found that spraying black vinegar on rice during the growth of rice promotes rice growth, especially root growth, increases rice yield, and prevents blast disease. did.
[0069]
By the way, black vinegar belongs to cereal vinegar and rice vinegar in brewed vinegar. Compared with raw materials used in general vinegar, brown vinegar, brown wheat or rice / wheat with a high milling ratio has a protein content rate. It is a vinegar made with yeast and acetic acid bacteria, using high grain raw materials and without using any additives such as alcohol for brewing. In addition to brown rice black vinegar, brown wheat black vinegar and barley black vinegar are commercialized. However, the product has a dark brown color compared to normal rice vinegar brewed from polished rice or normal vinegar brewed from cereal starch. In addition, the black vinegar used in the present Example is brown rice black vinegar.
[0070]
On the other hand, the main components of wood vinegar are acetic acid, acetone and methanol, but many other trace components are included, and plant growth factors are also present in these components, so wood vinegar is partly used for the cultivation of agricultural products. Yes.
[0071]
However, it is reported that wood vinegar produced from raw materials other than hardwood contains harmful substances for living organisms, and depending on the carbonization method, wood vinegar containing carcinogenic substances derived from lignin (wood component). become. Further, depending on the recovery / purification method, a wood vinegar solution with a large amount of tar can be obtained. If the amount of tar is large, naturally, phytotoxicity is caused.
[0072]
In contrast to such wood vinegar, black vinegar is made from grains such as rice and wheat and water, and it is extremely safe as an agricultural material for food, ie, a food cultivation material. Moreover, since the brewing process of black vinegar is generally strictly controlled as compared with wood vinegar, fluctuations in product components are small. Further, even by foliar application of Examples 1 to 3, black vinegar has a particularly high effect on rice yield compared to wood vinegar. Therefore, black vinegar is optimal for vinegar to be sprayed on rice.
[0073]
And since the brown rice black vinegar containing the component of rice was used in the present Example, it is thought that the effect by black vinegar was exhibited especially favorable.
[0074]
In addition to brown rice black vinegar as black vinegar, for example, brown wheat vinegar whose composition is almost unchanged is expected to give the same results as in Examples 1-6.
[0075]
【The invention's effect】
Since the present invention is as described above, the growth of rice is promoted only by spraying black vinegar on the rice, and the effect of increasing rice yield, improving the taste and storage stability, and preventing blast disease is exhibited. It is a rice cultivation method with excellent practicality and productivity.
[0076]
In addition, since the present invention sprays black vinegar to rice at the tillering stage or young panicle formation stage, which is closely related to the yield of rice, the effect of black vinegar is exerted well, increasing the yield of rice, and the taste and storage stability. This is a rice cultivation method with excellent productivity and improved blast disease prevention effect.
[0077]
In addition, since the present invention sprays diluted black vinegar on the leaf surface of rice, the black vinegar is well absorbed from the leaf surface of rice, and the black vinegar can be sprayed well over a wide area. This is a rice cultivation method that is more practical and workable.
[0078]
In addition, since brown rice black vinegar contains rice components in the present invention, brown rice black vinegar is easy to become familiar with rice, which further promotes the growth of rice, and is more practical. It becomes the cultivation method of rice.
[0079]
Moreover, since the density | concentration of black vinegar is a density | concentration suitable for the growth of rice, this invention becomes the cultivation method of the rice which was excellent in the practicality and productivity which will promote the growth of rice.

Claims (1)

  A method for cultivating rice, characterized in that brown rice black vinegar diluted 400 to 700 times is sprayed on the leaves of rice in both the tillering stage and the young panicle formation stage in the rice growth process.