JP4391823B2 - 電気力学センサーとその応用 - Google Patents
電気力学センサーとその応用 Download PDFInfo
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- JP4391823B2 JP4391823B2 JP2003549933A JP2003549933A JP4391823B2 JP 4391823 B2 JP4391823 B2 JP 4391823B2 JP 2003549933 A JP2003549933 A JP 2003549933A JP 2003549933 A JP2003549933 A JP 2003549933A JP 4391823 B2 JP4391823 B2 JP 4391823B2
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R5/00—Instruments for converting a single current or a single voltage into a mechanical displacement
- G01R5/28—Electrostatic instruments
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/24—Detecting, measuring or recording bioelectric or biomagnetic signals of the body or parts thereof
- A61B5/30—Input circuits therefor
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/24—Detecting, measuring or recording bioelectric or biomagnetic signals of the body or parts thereof
- A61B5/30—Input circuits therefor
- A61B5/307—Input circuits therefor specially adapted for particular uses
- A61B5/308—Input circuits therefor specially adapted for particular uses for electrocardiography [ECG]
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/24—Detecting, measuring or recording bioelectric or biomagnetic signals of the body or parts thereof
- A61B5/30—Input circuits therefor
- A61B5/307—Input circuits therefor specially adapted for particular uses
- A61B5/31—Input circuits therefor specially adapted for particular uses for electroencephalography [EEG]
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/24—Detecting, measuring or recording bioelectric or biomagnetic signals of the body or parts thereof
- A61B5/30—Input circuits therefor
- A61B5/307—Input circuits therefor specially adapted for particular uses
- A61B5/313—Input circuits therefor specially adapted for particular uses for electromyography [EMG]
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/24—Detecting, measuring or recording bioelectric or biomagnetic signals of the body or parts thereof
- A61B5/30—Input circuits therefor
- A61B5/307—Input circuits therefor specially adapted for particular uses
- A61B5/315—Input circuits therefor specially adapted for particular uses for electrooculography [EOG]; for electroretinography [ERG]
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R29/00—Arrangements for measuring or indicating electric quantities not covered by groups G01R19/00 - G01R27/00
- G01R29/12—Measuring electrostatic fields or voltage-potential
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- Measurement And Recording Of Electrical Phenomena And Electrical Characteristics Of The Living Body (AREA)
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- Measurement Of Resistance Or Impedance (AREA)
- Measurement Of Current Or Voltage (AREA)
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Description
[センサー]−完全な一式(電極+電位計増幅器)
[電極]−信号に結合するセンサーの一部(例えば、酸化薄膜電極)
[電位計]−電子機器(例えば、帰還技術を含む増幅器)
[接触モードのセンサー]−電気的接触は無く、物理的接触のみ
[遠隔非接触モード]−電気的接触も物理的接触も無い
Voff=Ib×R …(式1)
で与えられる。典型的には、Voff=100fA×100GΩ=100mVである。
[アレイ撮像]−同時に多点からデータを取得することで、時空間的情報を提供する線形あるいは2次元のアレイ
[カテーテル探針]−経静脈による使用のために電気力学センサーをカテーテルチューブの中に作ることができる、或いは、絶縁されたカテーテルの先端と、センサーの受動的アレイを用いて決定した位置に信号を与えることができる
[アレイ撮像]−同時に多点からデータを取得することで、時空間的情報を提供する線形あるいは2次元のアレイ
[マシン・インターフェイス]−直接に制御機能を実現し、かつ/または生体自己制御を与えるための、EEG信号の使用
[人工的手足]−神経の信号および/または筋肉の信号を検出し、制御機能を直接的に実行するために、一つだけで或いは多数使用或いはアレイ状構成のセンサーの使用
[ロボット工学]−近接での検出あるいは制御の分野に対して、受動的或いは能動的なモードでの遠隔検出
[マシン・インターフェイス]−直接に制御機能を実行するため、および/または生体自己制御を与えるために、神経の信号および/または筋肉の信号の使用
[インピーダンス断層撮影]−電位計センサーと結合される誘導性あるいは容量性の入力信号を用いて、インピーダンス断層撮影の電気的に絶縁された実行を達成できる
[地球物理探査]−シューマン共振(Schumann resonance)のような電離層の効果を含む、地質学的に重要な、電位の勾配と、誘電異常と、地磁気地電流信号の遠隔検出
[金属構造の亀裂と腐食の検出]−例えば、航空機の部品で亀裂や腐食の異常によって起きる、伝導率あるいは電流密度の不連続性による異常を明らかにするために、金属表面の表面電位走査
[動き検出]−静電場における誘電物質の動きの検出
[地震予測]−例えば、圧電物質のような、圧力のかかった岩により作られる電圧の観察。圧電信号が大きな地震の前触れかも知れないと示す証拠が存在する
[遠隔容量測定]−通常、低周波測定で遭遇する電極分極による問題を伴わずに、損失係数を含む物質の誘電特性を決定するのに、微弱な容量結合を使用することができる
[混合物の測定]−絶縁電極を漬浸することによって、液体システムあるいは混合物上で、容量の測定を実行することができる。この方法によって、誘電特性は、電極分極の問題を伴わずに決定することができる。これは、例えば、油と水と砂の混合物に対して特に適用可能である
[ICの表面の走査]−集積回路上の表面電位を画像化し、信号レベル及び実時間伝搬と、直流バイアスと、誘電特性と、埋め込み構造とに関する情報を作る。マイクロプローブあるいは、そのアレイは、実時間画像を提供するために製造することができる
[出力変換器]−電気光学機器や、未来の量子情報処理と量子計算システムのような、複雑なチップに集積することができる信号読み取りシステムとして使用する
[NMR,NQR]−NMRあるいはNQRの結果である局所時間に依存する電場を検出するのに、マイクロプローブを使用する。この手法によって、受信コイルと送信コイルとの間で通常遭遇するクロストークが排除される。高解像度の画像化は、電気マイクロプローブを使用することで、より容易になる
[単一の神経/筋肉繊維]−単一の神経繊維による電気的活動の観察は、マイクロプローブあるいは、そのアレイを用いて行うことができる、例えば、マシンインターフェイスや人工手足の制御
[人体の状態の観察]−この中には、直接的な電気的接触をしていない電極が含まれるが、自覚や、睡眠や、パイロットや運転者や重要な職務をしている他の人の心臓の状態を観察する明確な目的のために、出力を与える。出力信号は、また個人の生物測定の識別、あるいはポリグラフまたは嘘発見器の機能を実行するのに使用することができる。
本発明によるセンサーは、有利なことに、ナノスケールより上からある。
電気力学センサーの使用を心電図と脳波図とその同様なものの測定に関して説明したが、それらは、人体の他の電気的活動を測定するのに適用することができる。
3…表面酸化層
5…基板
7…保護部
9…増幅器
Claims (18)
- 試験中の対象から発せられる小電位を検出して、検出信号を生成するための一組の入力用探針(1,21)と、
前記検出信号を受信して、測定信号を供給するように構成された増幅器(9,23)を有する高入力インピーダンスの電位計とを備えた電気力学センサーにおいて、
前記探針のうちの少なくとも1つは、電気変位電流を検出するように構成され、その上に絶縁材料の薄膜(3)を有する電極基板(5)を備えていて、
前記センサーは、更に、
前記増幅器に対して安定した入力バイアス電流を供給するための直流入力バイアス構成(R;R1,R2;Af1,Af2)と、
それと関連する電界を乱さずに、前記小電位まで前記電位計の感度を累積的に増やすための補助回路の組み合わせとを有していて、
前記補助回路は、前記1つの探針に対する前記電極基板および入力配線を囲む遮蔽を提供する保護回路(22)を有していて、
前記保護回路は、前記増幅器の出力によって駆動され、前記探針を前記遮蔽と同電位に維持するように構成され、
前記補助回路は、更に、前記増幅器に対するブートストラップと、中立化、電源変調、およびオフセット修正のうちの少なくとも1つとを提供する帰還構成を有していることを特徴とする電気力学センサー。 - 前記直流入力バイアス素子は、抵抗素子であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の電気力学センサー。
- 前記帰還構成は、少なくともブートストラップおよび中立化を提供することを特徴とする請求項1または2に記載の電気力学センサー。
- 前記増幅器のための直流動作点を維持するために、入力バイアス素子に安定化信号を供給するための直流から低周波までの負帰還ループを備えていることを特徴とする請求項2に記載の電気力学センサー。
- 前記直流から低周波までの負帰還ループは、増幅器のために安定な直流動作点を維持するための入力バイアス素子に、フィルタにかけられた信号を供給するための低域通過フィルタ回路を有していることを特徴とする請求項4に記載の電気力学センサー。
- 前記増幅器は、非対称にバイアスされていることを特徴とする請求項1から5のうちのいずれか一項に記載の電気力学センサー。
- 前記1つの探針は、絶縁材料の前記薄膜を持った円盤状電極を備え、前記薄膜は、陽極化された酸化膜を備え、前記酸化膜の厚さは、必要な容量を提供するために、円盤状電極の表面積および材料に応じて選択されることを特徴とする請求項1から6のうちのいずれか一項に記載の電気力学センサー。
- 前記薄膜の厚さは、1μmのオーダーであることを特徴とする請求項7に記載の電気力学センサー。
- 前記1つの探針は、3プレート構造における2枚の保護面の間に挟まれた測定電極を有していることを特徴とする請求項1から8のうちのいずれか一項に記載の電気力学センサー。
- 前記一組の探針は、2つの探針からの差分信号が、所望しない雑音信号の効果を減ずるのに使用されるように、増幅器に接続されていることを特徴とする請求項1から9のうちのいずれか一項に記載の電気力学センサー。
- 一次または高次の配列に配された複数の探針を備えていることを特徴とする請求項1から10のうちのいずれか一項に記載の電気力学センサー。
- 前記1つの探針は、一次または高次の領域に渡って走査するための走査探針であることを特徴とする請求項1から10のうちのいずれか一項に記載の電気力学センサー。
- 請求項1から12のうちのいずれか一項に記載の電気力学センサーを備える、人体の電気的活動の非侵襲的検出のための生物測定検出システム。
- 前記電気力学センサーは、腕時計(31,33)の形をしていることを特徴とする請求項13に記載の生物測定検出システム。
- 人体の表面上または人体内のある位置からの電気的活動を測定または表示するために、動的電位ラインプロファイルまたはマップを生成するための処理手段(35)を備えていることを特徴とする請求項13または14に記載の生物測定検出システム。
- 前記電気力学センサーからのセンサー出力信号を送信するように構成された送信器(44)と、送信された信号を受信して、この信号をコンピュータ(43)に供給するように構成された受信器(45)とを備えていることを特徴とする請求項13から15のうちのいずれか一項に記載の生物測定検出システム。
- 心電図、脳波図、眼電位図または筋電図を測定するための、請求項13から16のうちのいずれか一項に記載の生物測定センサーを含むことを特徴とする人体の状態の観察器。
- 請求項1から12のうちのいずれか一項に記載の電気力学センサーを含むことを特徴とするアレイ画像装置。
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GBGB0129390.1A GB0129390D0 (en) | 2001-12-07 | 2001-12-07 | Electrodynamic sensors and applications thereof |
PCT/GB2002/005560 WO2003048789A2 (en) | 2001-12-07 | 2002-12-09 | Electrodynamic sensors and applications thereof |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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JP2005511174A JP2005511174A (ja) | 2005-04-28 |
JP4391823B2 true JP4391823B2 (ja) | 2009-12-24 |
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Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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JP2003549933A Expired - Lifetime JP4391823B2 (ja) | 2001-12-07 | 2002-12-09 | 電気力学センサーとその応用 |
Country Status (10)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US7885700B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP1451595B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP4391823B2 (ja) |
AT (1) | ATE436026T1 (ja) |
AU (1) | AU2002347374A1 (ja) |
DE (1) | DE60232911D1 (ja) |
ES (1) | ES2329773T3 (ja) |
GB (2) | GB0129390D0 (ja) |
TW (1) | TWI308066B (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2003048789A2 (ja) |
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2001
- 2001-12-07 GB GBGB0129390.1A patent/GB0129390D0/en not_active Ceased
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- 2002-12-09 AT AT02783308T patent/ATE436026T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2002-12-09 GB GB0228718A patent/GB2388196A/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2002-12-09 WO PCT/GB2002/005560 patent/WO2003048789A2/en active Application Filing
- 2002-12-09 JP JP2003549933A patent/JP4391823B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-12-09 US US10/497,813 patent/US7885700B2/en active Active
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Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP3185590A1 (en) | 2015-12-22 | 2017-06-28 | Oticon A/s | A hearing device comprising a sensor for picking up electromagnetic signals from the body |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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ES2329773T3 (es) | 2009-12-01 |
JP2005511174A (ja) | 2005-04-28 |
GB0129390D0 (en) | 2002-01-30 |
US7885700B2 (en) | 2011-02-08 |
AU2002347374A1 (en) | 2003-06-17 |
WO2003048789A3 (en) | 2003-11-27 |
ATE436026T1 (de) | 2009-07-15 |
US20060058694A1 (en) | 2006-03-16 |
TWI308066B (en) | 2009-04-01 |
AU2002347374A8 (en) | 2003-06-17 |
GB2388196A (en) | 2003-11-05 |
GB0228718D0 (en) | 2003-01-15 |
TW200300664A (en) | 2003-06-16 |
WO2003048789A2 (en) | 2003-06-12 |
EP1451595A2 (en) | 2004-09-01 |
EP1451595B1 (en) | 2009-07-08 |
DE60232911D1 (de) | 2009-08-20 |
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