JP2005511174A - 電気力学センサーとその応用 - Google Patents
電気力学センサーとその応用 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2005511174A JP2005511174A JP2003549933A JP2003549933A JP2005511174A JP 2005511174 A JP2005511174 A JP 2005511174A JP 2003549933 A JP2003549933 A JP 2003549933A JP 2003549933 A JP2003549933 A JP 2003549933A JP 2005511174 A JP2005511174 A JP 2005511174A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R5/00—Instruments for converting a single current or a single voltage into a mechanical displacement
- G01R5/28—Electrostatic instruments
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/24—Detecting, measuring or recording bioelectric or biomagnetic signals of the body or parts thereof
- A61B5/30—Input circuits therefor
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/24—Detecting, measuring or recording bioelectric or biomagnetic signals of the body or parts thereof
- A61B5/30—Input circuits therefor
- A61B5/307—Input circuits therefor specially adapted for particular uses
- A61B5/308—Input circuits therefor specially adapted for particular uses for electrocardiography [ECG]
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/24—Detecting, measuring or recording bioelectric or biomagnetic signals of the body or parts thereof
- A61B5/30—Input circuits therefor
- A61B5/307—Input circuits therefor specially adapted for particular uses
- A61B5/31—Input circuits therefor specially adapted for particular uses for electroencephalography [EEG]
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/24—Detecting, measuring or recording bioelectric or biomagnetic signals of the body or parts thereof
- A61B5/30—Input circuits therefor
- A61B5/307—Input circuits therefor specially adapted for particular uses
- A61B5/313—Input circuits therefor specially adapted for particular uses for electromyography [EMG]
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/24—Detecting, measuring or recording bioelectric or biomagnetic signals of the body or parts thereof
- A61B5/30—Input circuits therefor
- A61B5/307—Input circuits therefor specially adapted for particular uses
- A61B5/315—Input circuits therefor specially adapted for particular uses for electrooculography [EOG]; for electroretinography [ERG]
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R29/00—Arrangements for measuring or indicating electric quantities not covered by groups G01R19/00 - G01R27/00
- G01R29/12—Measuring electrostatic fields or voltage-potential
Abstract
Description
[センサー]−完全な一式(電極+電位計増幅器)
[電極]−信号に結合するセンサーの一部(例えば、酸化薄膜電極)
[電位計]−電子機器(例えば、帰還技術を含む増幅器)
[接触モードのセンサー]−電気的接触は無く、物理的接触のみ
[遠隔非接触モード]−電気的接触も物理的接触も無い
Voff=Ib×R …(式1)
で与えられる。典型的には、Voff=100fA×100GΩ=100mVである。
[アレイ撮像]−同時に多点からデータを取得することで、時空間的情報を提供する線形あるいは2次元のアレイ
[カテーテル探針]−経静脈による使用のために電気力学センサーをカテーテルチューブの中に作ることができる、或いは、絶縁されたカテーテルの先端と、センサーの受動的アレイを用いて決定した位置に信号を与えることができる
[アレイ撮像]−同時に多点からデータを取得することで、時空間的情報を提供する線形あるいは2次元のアレイ
[マシン・インターフェイス]−直接に制御機能を実現し、かつ/または生体自己制御を与えるための、EEG信号の使用
[人工的手足]−神経の信号および/または筋肉の信号を検出し、制御機能を直接的に実行するために、一つだけで或いは多数使用或いはアレイ状構成のセンサーの使用
[ロボット工学]−近接での検出あるいは制御の分野に対して、受動的或いは能動的なモードでの遠隔検出
[マシン・インターフェイス]−直接に制御機能を実行するため、および/または生体自己制御を与えるために、神経の信号および/または筋肉の信号の使用
[インピーダンス断層撮影]−電位計センサーと結合される誘導性あるいは容量性の入力信号を用いて、インピーダンス断層撮影の電気的に絶縁された実行を達成できる
[地球物理探査]−シューマン共振(Schumann resonance)のような電離層の効果を含む、地質学的に重要な、電位の勾配と、誘電異常と、地磁気地電流信号の遠隔検出
[金属構造の亀裂と腐食の検出]−例えば、航空機の部品で亀裂や腐食の異常によって起きる、伝導率あるいは電流密度の不連続性による異常を明らかにするために、金属表面の表面電位走査
[動き検出]−静電場における誘電物質の動きの検出
[地震予測]−例えば、圧電物質のような、圧力のかかった岩により作られる電圧の観察。圧電信号が大きな地震の前触れかも知れないと示す証拠が存在する
[遠隔容量測定]−通常、低周波測定で遭遇する電極分極による問題を伴わずに、損失係数を含む物質の誘電特性を決定するのに、微弱な容量結合を使用することができる
[混合物の測定]−絶縁電極を漬浸することによって、液体システムあるいは混合物上で、容量の測定を実行することができる。この方法によって、誘電特性は、電極分極の問題を伴わずに決定することができる。これは、例えば、油と水と砂の混合物に対して特に適用可能である
[ICの表面の走査]−集積回路上の表面電位を画像化し、信号レベル及び実時間伝搬と、直流バイアスと、誘電特性と、埋め込み構造とに関する情報を作る。マイクロプローブあるいは、そのアレイは、実時間画像を提供するために製造することができる
[出力変換器]−電気光学機器や、未来の量子情報処理と量子計算システムのような、複雑なチップに集積することができる信号読み取りシステムとして使用する
[NMR,NQR]−NMRあるいはNQRの結果である局所時間に依存する電場を検出するのに、マイクロプローブを使用する。この手法によって、受信コイルと送信コイルとの間で通常遭遇するクロストークが排除される。高解像度の画像化は、電気マイクロプローブを使用することで、より容易になる
[単一の神経/筋肉繊維]−単一の神経繊維による電気的活動の観察は、マイクロプローブあるいは、そのアレイを用いて行うことができる、例えば、マシンインターフェイスや人工手足の制御
[人体の状態の観察]−この中には、直接的な電気的接触をしていない電極が含まれるが、自覚や、睡眠や、パイロットや運転者や重要な職務をしている他の人の心臓の状態を観察する明確な目的のために、出力を与える。出力信号は、また個人の生物測定の識別、あるいはポリグラフまたは嘘発見器の機能を実行するのに使用することができる。
本発明によるセンサーは、有利なことに、ナノスケールより上からある。
電気力学センサーの使用を心電図と脳波図とその同様なものの測定に関して説明したが、それらは、人体の他の電気的活動を測定するのに適用することができる。
3…表面酸化層
5…基板
7…保護部
9…増幅器
Claims (39)
- 試験中の対象から発する小電位を測定するよう適合され、一組の入力用探針を持つ高入力インピーダンスの電位計を備えた電気力学センサーにおいて、前期一組の入力用探針の少なくとも一つは、前記対象と直接的な電気的接点を持たず、前記電位計の回路装置は、それと関連する電界を乱さずに、前記小電位まで前記電位計の感度を累積的に増やす、補助回路を組み合わせたものを含むことを特徴とする電気力学センサー。
- 試験中の対象から発する小電位を検出するために一組の探針を持った、高入力インピーダンスの電位計を含む電気力学センサーにおいて、前記一組の探針の少なくとも一つと前記人体との間に、直接的な電気的接点が無いことを特徴とする電気力学センサー。
- 前記センサーに対して、保護化とブートストラップと中立化と電源レールのドリフトの修正と電源変調とオフセット修正の内の少なくとも2つを提供する補助回路を含むことを特徴とする請求項1記載の電気力学センサー。
- 前記人体と直接的な誘導的接触が無く、従って非侵襲的で電気的に絶縁された動作を維持する探針を含むことを特徴とする前記人体の電気的活動を検知するための電気力学センサー。
- 前記センサーは、非侵襲的で電気的に絶縁された探針によって、接触モード或いは遠隔非接触モードのいずれかで、前記電気的活動を観察することができることを特徴とする請求項4記載の人体の電気的活動を検知するための電気力学センサー。
- 人体から電位計増幅器の初段へ効率的に信号を転送するのに、容量性結合が使用されることを特徴とする請求項4記載の人体の電気的活動を検知するための電気力学センサー。
- 前記容量性結合は、測定される人体とセンサーとの間に空隙があることを特徴とする請求項6記載の人体の電気的活動を検知するための電気力学センサー。
- 容量性結合は、絶縁材料の薄膜を持った円盤状電極を備え、酸化物の厚さは、必要な容量と所定のセンサー表面積とセンサー円盤の材料(基板)を提供するように選択されることを特徴とする請求項7記載の人体の電気的活動を検知するための電気力学センサー。
- 前記薄膜は、陽極化された酸化膜を備えることを特徴とする請求項8記載の人体の電気的活動を検知するための電気力学センサー。
- 前記薄膜の厚さは、1μmのオーダーであることを特徴とする請求項8記載の人体の電気的活動を検知するための電気力学センサー。
- 保護された同軸構造の電極を含むことを特徴とする請求項2記載の人体の電気的活動を検知するための電気力学センサー。
- 平面の3プレート構造の電極を含み、2つの保護プレートの間に挟まれた測定電極を持つことを特徴とする請求項11記載の人体の電気的活動を検知するための電気力学センサー。
- 2つの探針からの差分信号は、所望しない雑音信号の効果を減ずるのに使用されることを特徴とする請求項1〜12のいずれか一つに記載の電気力学センサー。
- 直線上に或いは高次元の領域に配された多数の探針は、動的電位ラインプロファイル或るいはマップを作り、人体の表面上の、或いは前記人体内のある位置からの電気的活動を測定或いは表示するのに使用されることを特徴とする請求項1〜12のいずれか一つに記載の電気力学センサー。
- 一つの探針は、直線上に或いは高次元の領域に渡り走査されて、動的な電位ラインプロファイル或いはマップを作り、人体の表面上の、或いは前記人体内のある位置からの電気的活動を測定或いは表示することを特徴とする請求項1〜12のいずれか一つに記載の電気力学センサー。
- 請求項1〜12のいずれか一つに記載の電気力学センサーを含むことを特徴とする、心電図或いは脳波図或いは眼電位図のための外来用観察器。
- 請求項1〜12のいずれか一つに記載の電気力学センサーを含むことを特徴とするアレイ画像装置。
- 請求項1〜12のいずれか一つに記載の電気力学センサーを含むことを特徴とするカテーテル探針。
- 請求項1〜12のいずれか一つに記載の電気力学センサーを含むことを特徴とする、神経筋肉(EMG)或いは他の生体力学の信号の検出器。
- 請求項1〜12のいずれか一つに記載の電気力学センサーを含むことを特徴とする人工手足。
- 請求項1〜12のいずれか一つに記載の電気力学センサーを含むことを特徴とする、近接検出或いは近接制御のための遠隔検知装置。
- 請求項1〜12のいずれか一つに記載の電気力学センサーを含み、人体に対して、直接に制御機能を実行する、および/または生体自己制御を適用するためのマシンインターフェイス。
- 請求項1〜12のいずれか一つに記載の電気力学センサーを含むことを特徴とする、インピーダンス断層撮影のための装置。
- 請求項1〜12のいずれか一つに記載の電気力学センサーを含むことを特徴とする、地球物理探査のための装置。
- 請求項1〜12のいずれか一つに記載の電気力学センサーを含むことを特徴とする、金属構造の亀裂と腐食の検出のための装置。
- 請求項1〜12のいずれか一つに記載の電気力学センサーを含むことを特徴とする、静電場内の誘電物質の動きを検出するための装置。
- 請求項1〜12のいずれか一つに記載の電気力学センサーを含むことを特徴とする、圧力のかかった岩により作られる電圧を観察するための装置。
- 請求項1〜12のいずれか一つに記載の電気力学センサーを含むことを特徴とする、遠隔容量性測定のための装置。
- 請求項1〜12のいずれか一つに記載の電気力学センサーを含むことを特徴とする、絶縁電極を漬浸することで液体システムあるいは混合物の特性を測定するための装置。
- 請求項1〜12のいずれか一つに記載の電気力学センサーを含むことを特徴とする、その画像を作るための走査用集積回路のための装置。
- 請求項1〜12のいずれか一つに記載の電気力学センサーを含むことを特徴とする、電子機器のための信号出力システム。
- 請求項1〜12のいずれか一つに記載の電気力学センサーを含むことを特徴とする、神経ネットワーク内の信号或いは信号伝搬の非接触検出のための検出器。
- 請求項1〜12のいずれか一つに記載の電気力学センサーを含むことを特徴とする、核磁気共鳴あるいは核四重極共鳴と共に使用するための探針。
- 請求項1〜12のいずれか一つに記載の電気力学センサーを含むことを特徴とする、単一細胞生物学のための観察器。
- 請求項1〜12のいずれか一つに記載の電気力学センサーを含むことを特徴とする、単一の神経あるいは筋肉の繊維による電気的活動を測定するための観察器。
- 請求項1〜12のいずれか一つに記載の電気力学センサーを含むことを特徴とするスマートカード。
- 請求項1〜12のいずれか一つに記載の電気力学センサーを含むことを特徴とする人体の状態の観察器。
- 請求項1〜12のいずれか一つに記載の電気力学センサーを用いて製造されることを特徴とする、心電図(ECG)および脳波図(EEG)或いは眼電位図(EOG)。
- 請求項1〜12のいずれか一つに記載の電気力学センサーを用いることを特徴とする、電気的活動を検知する方法。
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GBGB0129390.1A GB0129390D0 (en) | 2001-12-07 | 2001-12-07 | Electrodynamic sensors and applications thereof |
PCT/GB2002/005560 WO2003048789A2 (en) | 2001-12-07 | 2002-12-09 | Electrodynamic sensors and applications thereof |
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JP4391823B2 JP4391823B2 (ja) | 2009-12-24 |
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US (1) | US7885700B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP1451595B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP4391823B2 (ja) |
AT (1) | ATE436026T1 (ja) |
AU (1) | AU2002347374A1 (ja) |
DE (1) | DE60232911D1 (ja) |
ES (1) | ES2329773T3 (ja) |
GB (2) | GB0129390D0 (ja) |
TW (1) | TWI308066B (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2003048789A2 (ja) |
Cited By (11)
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JP2008229092A (ja) * | 2007-03-22 | 2008-10-02 | Equos Research Co Ltd | 携帯情報端末機器 |
JP2009520966A (ja) * | 2005-12-23 | 2009-05-28 | ザ ヨーロピアン コミュニティ、リプリゼンテッド バイ ザ ヨーロピアン コミッション | 静電センサ |
JP2009525479A (ja) * | 2006-02-03 | 2009-07-09 | ザ ユニバーシティ オブ サセックス | 核磁気共鳴信号の検出に用いる電位センサ |
JP2009530628A (ja) * | 2006-03-21 | 2009-08-27 | ユニバーシティー オブ サセックス | 電位センサ |
JP2009543643A (ja) * | 2006-07-18 | 2009-12-10 | ザ ユニバーシティ オブ サセックス | 電位センサ |
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WO2012017473A1 (en) * | 2010-08-02 | 2012-02-09 | Empire Technology Development Llc | Detection of biological information of a subject |
WO2012136744A1 (en) | 2011-04-04 | 2012-10-11 | Cardiocity Limited | Ecg mat |
JP2013518668A (ja) * | 2010-02-01 | 2013-05-23 | プロテウス デジタル ヘルス, インコーポレイテッド | 2つの手首におけるデータ収集システム |
JP2014513407A (ja) * | 2011-05-12 | 2014-05-29 | サーモ フィッシャー サイエンティフィック (ブレーメン) ゲーエムベーハー | イオン検出 |
JP2014527862A (ja) * | 2011-08-24 | 2014-10-23 | ヴェーデクス・アクティーセルスカプ | 容量性電極を備えるeegモニタおよび脳波モニタリング方法 |
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- 2002-12-09 JP JP2003549933A patent/JP4391823B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
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- 2002-12-09 GB GB0228718A patent/GB2388196A/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2002-12-09 AT AT02783308T patent/ATE436026T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2002-12-09 ES ES02783308T patent/ES2329773T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
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JP2009520966A (ja) * | 2005-12-23 | 2009-05-28 | ザ ヨーロピアン コミュニティ、リプリゼンテッド バイ ザ ヨーロピアン コミッション | 静電センサ |
JP2009525479A (ja) * | 2006-02-03 | 2009-07-09 | ザ ユニバーシティ オブ サセックス | 核磁気共鳴信号の検出に用いる電位センサ |
JP2009530628A (ja) * | 2006-03-21 | 2009-08-27 | ユニバーシティー オブ サセックス | 電位センサ |
JP2009543643A (ja) * | 2006-07-18 | 2009-12-10 | ザ ユニバーシティ オブ サセックス | 電位センサ |
JP2008229092A (ja) * | 2007-03-22 | 2008-10-02 | Equos Research Co Ltd | 携帯情報端末機器 |
JP2012500657A (ja) * | 2008-08-22 | 2012-01-12 | コーニンクレッカ フィリップス エレクトロニクス エヌ ヴィ | 対象物を検知するための検知装置 |
JP2013518668A (ja) * | 2010-02-01 | 2013-05-23 | プロテウス デジタル ヘルス, インコーポレイテッド | 2つの手首におけるデータ収集システム |
WO2012017473A1 (en) * | 2010-08-02 | 2012-02-09 | Empire Technology Development Llc | Detection of biological information of a subject |
US8483811B2 (en) | 2010-08-02 | 2013-07-09 | Empire Technology Development Llc | Detection of biological information of a subject |
WO2012136744A1 (en) | 2011-04-04 | 2012-10-11 | Cardiocity Limited | Ecg mat |
JP2014513407A (ja) * | 2011-05-12 | 2014-05-29 | サーモ フィッシャー サイエンティフィック (ブレーメン) ゲーエムベーハー | イオン検出 |
JP2014527862A (ja) * | 2011-08-24 | 2014-10-23 | ヴェーデクス・アクティーセルスカプ | 容量性電極を備えるeegモニタおよび脳波モニタリング方法 |
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ES2329773T3 (es) | 2009-12-01 |
AU2002347374A1 (en) | 2003-06-17 |
GB0129390D0 (en) | 2002-01-30 |
WO2003048789A2 (en) | 2003-06-12 |
US7885700B2 (en) | 2011-02-08 |
DE60232911D1 (de) | 2009-08-20 |
WO2003048789A3 (en) | 2003-11-27 |
GB0228718D0 (en) | 2003-01-15 |
JP4391823B2 (ja) | 2009-12-24 |
EP1451595B1 (en) | 2009-07-08 |
TWI308066B (en) | 2009-04-01 |
AU2002347374A8 (en) | 2003-06-17 |
EP1451595A2 (en) | 2004-09-01 |
GB2388196A (en) | 2003-11-05 |
ATE436026T1 (de) | 2009-07-15 |
TW200300664A (en) | 2003-06-16 |
US20060058694A1 (en) | 2006-03-16 |
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