JP4388372B2 - 高スループット小分子薬物発見のための培養ヒト肥満細胞および好塩基球の産生 - Google Patents
高スループット小分子薬物発見のための培養ヒト肥満細胞および好塩基球の産生 Download PDFInfo
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Description
本発明は、好ましくは人間の、培養肥満細胞および好塩基球の均一な大集団、ならびに肥満および好塩基球前駆細胞集団を作製するための方法および組成物に関する。
少なくとも二つの型の肥満細胞が知られている。これらには、気道または肺および腸粘膜の肥満細胞(「粘膜の」またはMCT)、ならびに皮膚、リンパ節および腸粘膜下組織を包含する結合組織の肥満細胞(MCTC)が包含される。気道肥満細胞の大半はトリプターゼを含むがキマーゼとカルボキシペプチダーゼAを含まない。これに比して殆どの結合組織肥満細胞はトリプターゼ、キマーゼおよびカルボキシペプチダーゼAを含む。異なる組織の肥満細胞は形態学的にも識別できる。Bingham,C.O. et al., J.Allergy Clin.Immunol. 105:S527-S534(2000年2月)を参照されたく、これは引用により本明細書の一部とする。
上に概説した目的に鑑み、本発明は、CD34陰性細胞の増殖した集団を作製する方法を提供する。このCD34陰性細胞の増殖集団を1またはそれ以上のサイトカインおよび/または増殖因子と接触させて、粘膜肥満細胞の増殖集団、結合組織型肥満細胞の増殖集団、または好塩基細胞の増殖集団を作製することができる。さらに本発明は、本発明に係る増殖集団をスクリーニングする方法、および、本明細書に記載の方法に従って作製した増殖集団を包含する。
本発明は、候補物質、例えば小分子、ペプチドまたはcDNAフラグメント等のスクリーニングにおける使用に好適な、CD34陰性前駆細胞、肥満細胞および好塩基細胞の増殖集団を作製するための方法を提供するものである。さらに本発明は、本発明に係る増殖集団をスクリーニングする方法を提供する。さらに本発明は、記載した方法により作製した増殖細胞を包含する。
CD34+細胞は種々の組織または血液材料から取得できる。或る態様ではCD34+細胞を骨髄から取得する。好ましい態様では、CD34+細胞を血液から取得する。より好ましい態様ではCD34+細胞を臍帯血から取得する。
したがって、flt-3リガンドはflt-3リガンドの貫膜型であってよい。さらに、flt-3リガンドは細胞内ドメインをも含み得る。好ましい態様では、flt-3リガンドは可溶性であり、そして完全長細胞外ドメインのアミノ酸配列を含む。さらに好ましくは、flt-3リガンドは配列番号1の配列を有する。
一致パーセントの決定は標準法による。変異体は標準法によって製造し、または天然に存在する。
CD34陰性前駆細胞の増殖集団は1つの個体から誘導した少なくとも106の細胞の集団であり;より好ましくは、この増殖集団は1つの個体から誘導した少なくとも107の細胞を含み;さらに好ましくは、この増殖集団は1つの個体から誘導した少なくとも108の細胞を含む。最も好ましくはこの増殖細胞は1つの個体から誘導した少なくとも109の細胞を含む。幾つかの態様では、この増殖集団は1つの個体から誘導した少なくとも1010の細胞を含む。尚別の態様では、この増殖集団は1つの個体から誘導した少なくとも1011の細胞を含む。所望の集団の大きさは、意図する個別的用途に関係する様々な因子に依存するであろう。所望の大きさは例えば、実施しようとする検定の種類、スクリーニングされる候補物質当たりの使用細胞数、および与えられたスクリーニングで使用する候補物質の数に依存し得る。
好ましい態様では、異なる候補生物活性物質のライブラリーを使用する。好ましくはこのライブラリーは、確率的に特定の標的との結合を可能にするに充分な範囲の多様性を提供するために、構造的に充分多様なランダム化した物質の集団を提供すべきである。したがって、その成員の少なくとも1つが標的に対する親和性を与える構造を有するようになるよう、候補生物活性物質のライブラリーは充分大きくなければならない。候補生物活性物質ライブラリーが必要とする絶対的サイズを判断することは困難であるが、自然は免疫反応について1つのヒントを提供している:107-108の異なる抗体という多様性は、或る生物の直面する最も可能性ある抗原と相互作用するに充分な親和性を持つ少なくとも1つの組み合わせを提供する。公表されているインビトロ選択技術はさらに、107ないし108のライブラリーサイズであれば、標的に対する親和性を持つ構造の発見にとって充分であることを示している。本明細書に一般的に提起されたような7ないし20アミノ酸長のペプチドの全組み合わせを持つライブラリーは、207ないし2020の異なる物質をコードしている可能性を有する。したがって、107ないし108の異なる分子を持つライブラリーを用いて、本方法は、7アミノ酸のための理論的に完全な相互作用ライブラリーの「作業」部分集合、および2020のライブラリーのための形状の部分集合を実現する。したがって好ましい態様では、少なくとも106、好ましくは少なくとも107、より好ましくは少なくとも108、そして最も好ましくは少なくとも109の異なる配列を、本方法で同時に分析する。好ましい方法はライブラリーサイズと多様性を最大化する。
MGCAALESEVSALESEVASLESEVAALGRGDMPLAAVKSKLSAVKSKLASVKSKLAACGPP(配列番号6)。下線の領域が過去に規定されたコイルドコイルロイシンジッパー領域を表す(Martin et al., EMBO J. 13(22):5303-5309(1994)を参照されたく、これは引用により本明細書の一部とする)。太字(大文字)のGRGDMP(配列番号7)領域はループ構造を表し、ランダム化されたペプチド(即ち、候補生物活性物質。一般に本明細書では(X)n[式中、Xはアミノ酸残基であり、nは少なくとも5または6の整数である]で示す)と適切に置換された場合には様々な長さを取り得る。太字領域の置換は、下線領域に制限エンドヌクレアーゼ部位をコードさせることによって促進され、それによりこれらの位置にランダム化されたオリゴヌクレオチドが直接取り込まれることが可能となる。例えば、好ましい態様は、二重下線のLE部位にXhol部位を、そして二重下線のKL部位にHindIII部位を作出する。
MGRNSQATSGFTFSHFYMEWVRGGEYIAASRHKHNKYTTEYSASVKGRYIVSRDTSQSILYLQKKKGPP(配列番号8)。太字(大文字)の下線領域はランダム化され得る領域である。イタリックのフェニルアラニンは最初のランダム化領域において不変でなければならない。このペプチド全体をコイルドコイル態様の3オリゴヌクレオチド変形物にクローニングし、そのようにして2つの異なるランダム化領域が同時に取り込まれるようにする。この態様は末端の非パリンドロームBstXI部位を利用する。
好ましい態様では、ターゲッティング配列はリソソームターゲッティング配列であり、例えばLamp-2のようなリソソーム分解配列(KFERQ(配列番号23);Dice, Ann.N.Y.Acad.Sci. 674:58(1992);またはLamp-1由来のリソソーム膜配列(MLIPIAGFFALAGLVLIVLIAYLIGRKRSHAGYQTI(配列番号24)、Uthayakumar et al., Cell.Mol.Biol.Res. 41:405(1995))またはLamp-2(LVPIAVGAALAGVLILVLLAYFIGLKHHHAGYEQF(配列番号25)、Konecki et al., Biochem.Biophys.Res.Comm. 205:1-5(1994)、いずれも貫膜ドメインをイタリクスで、細胞質ターゲッティングシグナルを下線付きで示す)を包含する。
融合相手は生物学および活性が許す限り、その構造の任意の場所に位置させることができる(即ち、N末端、C末端、内部)。
或る態様ではリポーター分子は緑色蛍光蛋白(GFP)であってよい。Aequorea Victoria由来の緑色蛍光蛋白(本明細書では「aGFP」と称する)は238アミノ酸蛋白である。この蛋白および幾つかの点突然変異体の結晶構造が解明されている(Ormo et al., Science 273, 1392-5, 1996;Yang et al., Nature Biotechnol. 14, 1246-51, 1996)。修飾されたトリペプチドから成るこの発蛍光団は比較的堅固なβ-can構造内部に埋没しており、溶媒のアクセスから殆ど完全に防御されている。この蛋白の蛍光は幾つかの点突然変異に対して感受性である(Phillips,G.N., Curr.Opin.Struct.Biol. 7,821-27, 1997)。発蛍光トリペプチドへの溶媒アクセスを許す該構造の破壊は蛍光を消光させるため、この蛍光は該蛋白の天然構造が保持されていることの鋭敏な指標であると思われる。
Ptilosarcus gurneyi由来のGFP(本明細書では「rGFP」と称する)が近年報告されており、WO99/49019を参照されたく、これは引用により本明細書の一部とする。
ペプチドとGFPとの融合がU.S.S.N. 09/169015、現在米国特許第6180343号;U.S.S.N.に詳細に記載されており、これは引用により本明細書の一部とする。
好ましい態様では、融合相手の組み合わせを利用する。即ち、例えば、表示構造、ターゲッティング配列、レスキュー配列、および安定性配列の数多くの組み合わせを、リンカー配列を用いてまたは用いずに利用することができる。
候補物質が核酸である場合、燐酸カルシウム、電気穿孔、および注入といった当分野で既知の方法を用いてこれらを細胞に導入できる。一般に、エキソサイトーシス刺激を生理的条件下で細胞と組み合わせる。インキュベーションは最適活性を促進する任意の温度、典型的には4および40℃の間で実施できる。インキュベーション時間は最適活性のために選択するが、迅速高スループットスクリーニングを促進するように最適化することもできる。
本発明はさらに、該候補生物活性物質が小分子候補生物活性物質である、上記方法を包含する。
本発明は、該候補生物活性物質がペプチドであり、該ペプチドをコードしている核酸を該増殖細胞に導入することによってスクリーニングを実施する、上記方法を包含する。
或る態様では、表現型は増殖集団の細胞の脱顆粒状態である。
実施例1:CD34+細胞の拡張
本発明者等は、比較的小さいサイズのCD34陽性細胞の出発集団(1-5 x 106細胞)を、比較的多数のCD34陰性前駆細胞(約2-4 x 109細胞)へと拡張した。この拡張法は後の長期肥満細胞および好塩基細胞培養の良好な樹立の最もユニークな側面である。以下は、CD34陰性前駆細胞の増殖集団の樹立に使用した培養法および試薬の詳細な説明である。
成分:
a) Gibco STEMPRO-34(登録商標)SFM完全培地:
- STEMPRO-34(登録商標)-34 SFM、cat.#:10640、500mL
- STEMPRO-34(登録商標)-34栄養補足液、cat.#:10641、13mL
b) L-グルタミン:200mM溶液、Mediatech、cat.#:MT25-005-CI
- STEMPRO-34(登録商標)500mL当たり5mLを添加
c) ペニシリン/ストレプトマイシン溶液、100X、HyClone、cat.#:SV30010
- STEMPRO-34(登録商標)500mL当たり5mLを添加
- フィルターユニット/フラスコに50%の無血清STEMPRO-34(登録商標)を加える
- 13mLの栄養補足液に注ぐ
- 栄養補足液の容器をおよそ10mLのSTEMPRO-34(登録商標)ですすぎ、STEMPRO-34(登録商標)/栄養補足液の組み合わせと合する
- L-グルタミンおよびPen-Strepを加える
- 総容量を適当な最終レベルにする
- 濾過する
a) 組換えヒト幹細胞因子、Peprotech、cat.#:300-07
- 滅菌milliQ水で100ug/mLに再構成する
- 等分し、1mLアリコートを-20Cで保存する
b) 組換えヒトflt-3-リガンド、Peprotech、cat.#:300-19
- 滅菌milliQ水で100ug/mLに再構成する
- 等分し、100uLアリコートを-20Cで保存する
c) 組換えヒトインターロイキン-6、Peprotech、cat.#:200-06
- 滅菌10mM酢酸で100ug/mLに再構成する
- 等分し、1mLアリコートを-20Cで保存する
拡張したCD34陰性前駆体集団を所望の最終生成物、例えば最終分化した粘膜肥満細胞へと進めるため、第二相を実施することができる。粘膜培養ヒト肥満細胞(CHMC)を臍帯血から単離したCD34+細胞から誘導し、上記のようにCD34陰性前駆細胞の増殖集団を形成するよう処理した。培養を425K/mLで蒔き、15%のさらなる培地をほぼ4または5日目に細胞計数を実施せずに加えたことを除いては、この培養についての4-5日目の添加/7日目の再懸濁サイクルは本質上同一のままとした。さらに、サイトカイン組成物を、flt-3リガンドが無くSCFおよびIL-6の両者を完全STEMPRO-34(登録商標)培地に最終200ng/mLとなるまで添加するといったように改変した。
CD34陰性前駆細胞の増殖集団を上記のように調製し、トリプターゼ/キマーゼ陽性(結合組織)表現型を形成するよう処理する。この方法は粘膜肥満細胞についての実施例2と同様に実施するが、IL-6の代わりにIL-4を使用する。得られた細胞は結合組織肥満細胞を代表する。
同様に、CD34陰性前駆細胞の増殖集団を上記実施例1で製造し、好塩基細胞の増殖集団を形成させるために使用した。このCD34陰性細胞は上記実施例2と同様に処理したが、IL-6の代わりにIL-3を20-50ng/mL使用した。
Claims (28)
- 以下のステップ:
a) 少なくとも1個のCD34陽性細胞をflt−3リガンド及び幹細胞因子と接触させて前駆細胞の増殖集団を作製し;そしてその後、
b) 上記前駆細胞を、上記幹細胞因子及びIL−6及びIL−4から選択されるサイトカインと接触させ、それにより肥満細胞の増殖集団を作製する、
を含む、培養肥満細胞の作製方法。 - 前記サイトカインがIL−6であり、かつ、前記肥満細胞が粘膜肥満細胞である、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記IL−6がヒトIL−6である、請求項2に記載の方法。
- 前記サイトカインがIL−4であり、かつ、前記肥満細胞が結合組織型肥満細胞である、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記IL−4がヒトIL−4である、請求項4に記載の方法。
- 前記flt−3リガンドがヒトflt−3リガンドである、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記幹細胞因子がヒト幹細胞因子である、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記CD34陽性細胞がヒトCD34陽性細胞である、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記CD34陽性細胞が臍帯血から得られる、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記前駆細胞の増殖集団が少なくとも約107個の細胞を含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記前駆細胞の増殖集団が少なくとも約108個の細胞を含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記前駆細胞の増殖集団が少なくとも約109個の細胞を含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記前駆細胞の増殖集団が少なくとも約1010個の細胞を含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記前駆細胞の増殖集団が少なくとも約1011個の細胞を含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 肥満細胞において変更された表現型を製造することができる作用物質を同定する方法であって、以下の:
a) 少なくとも1個のCD34陽性細胞をflt−3リガンド及び幹細胞因子と接触させて前駆細胞の増殖集団を作製し、
b) 上記前駆細胞を、上記幹細胞因子及びIL−6及びIL−4から選択されるサイトカインと接触させ、それにより肥満細胞の増殖集団を作製する、
c) 前記工程(a)及び(b)により作製された培養肥満細胞の集団を、少なくとも1の候補生理活性剤と接触させ;そして
d) 上記肥満細胞の集団内の細胞が、変更された表現型をもつかどうかを測定する、
を含む前記方法。 - 前記の変更された表現型が、肥満細胞の少なくとも1個の細胞の脱顆粒の低下である、
請求項15に記載の方法。 - 前記変更された表現型を生じさせる候補生理活性剤を単離することをさらに含む、請求項15に記載の方法。
- 前記候補生理活性剤が低分子の候補生理活性剤である、請求項15に記載の方法。
- 前記候補生理活性剤がペプチドであり、かつ、前記接触が、前記ペプチドをコードする核酸を前記肥満細胞内に導入することにより行われる、請求項15に記載の方法。
- 前記核酸がcDNA配列を含む、請求項19に記載の方法。
- 前記核酸が、gDNA配列を含む、請求項19に記載の方法。
- 前記核酸がmRNA配列を含む、請求項19に記載の方法。
- 前記ペプチドが、ランダム・ペプチドである、請求項19に記載の方法。
- 前記前駆細胞の増殖集団が少なくとも約107個の細胞を含む、請求項15に記載の方法。
- 前記前駆細胞の増殖集団が少なくとも約108個の細胞を含む、請求項15に記載の方法。
- 前記前駆細胞の増殖集団が少なくとも約109個の細胞を含む、請求項15に記載の方法。
- 前記前駆細胞の増殖集団が少なくとも約1010個の細胞を含む、請求項15に記載の方法。
- 前記前駆細胞の増殖集団が少なくとも約1011個の細胞を含む、請求項15に記載の方法。
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US10/053,355 US7070996B2 (en) | 2001-08-31 | 2001-11-08 | Production of cultured human mast cells and basophils for high throughput small molecule drug discovery |
PCT/US2002/027628 WO2003020896A2 (en) | 2001-08-31 | 2002-08-29 | Production of cultured human mast cells and basophils for high throughput small molecule drug discovery |
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EP (1) | EP1427812B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP4388372B2 (ja) |
AT (1) | ATE414762T1 (ja) |
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US7029697B2 (en) | 2001-02-14 | 2006-04-18 | Northwestern University | Controlled surface-associated delivery of genes and oligonucleotides |
TWI329105B (en) | 2002-02-01 | 2010-08-21 | Rigel Pharmaceuticals Inc | 2,4-pyrimidinediamine compounds and their uses |
US20060105398A1 (en) * | 2002-08-09 | 2006-05-18 | Rigel Pharmaceuticals, Inc | Methods of identifying compounds that modulate igg mediated mast cell activation |
PL1656372T3 (pl) * | 2003-07-30 | 2013-08-30 | Rigel Pharmaceuticals Inc | Związki 2,4-pirymidynodiaminy do stosowania w leczeniu lub zapobieganiu chorobom autoimmunologicznym |
JP2007536936A (ja) * | 2004-05-14 | 2007-12-20 | ベクトン・ディキンソン・アンド・カンパニー | 幹細胞集団および使用方法 |
WO2006004865A1 (en) * | 2004-06-29 | 2006-01-12 | Rigel Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | 2-substituted quinoline compounds and their uses as inhibitors of the ige receptor signaling cascade |
CN1993460A (zh) * | 2004-07-12 | 2007-07-04 | 索林集团意大利有限公司 | 用于培养人细胞的装置和方法 |
SI1984357T1 (sl) | 2006-02-17 | 2014-02-28 | Rigel Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Spojine 2,4-pirimidindiamina za zdravljenje ali preventivo avtoimunih bolezni |
US20100015615A1 (en) * | 2008-04-30 | 2010-01-21 | Sloan-Kettering Institute For Cancer Research | Identification and Isolation of Adult Stem Cells and Related Methods of Use |
WO2010105215A2 (en) * | 2009-03-12 | 2010-09-16 | University Of South Florida | Human mast cell line and uses thereof |
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US5554512A (en) | 1993-05-24 | 1996-09-10 | Immunex Corporation | Ligands for flt3 receptors |
US6190655B1 (en) | 1993-12-03 | 2001-02-20 | Immunex Corporation | Methods of using Flt-3 ligand for exogenous gene transfer |
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EP1427812A4 (en) | 2005-04-27 |
US20030077824A1 (en) | 2003-04-24 |
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WO2003020896A9 (en) | 2003-12-18 |
US7070996B2 (en) | 2006-07-04 |
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