JP4368559B2 - Plant disease control composition and microorganism - Google Patents

Plant disease control composition and microorganism Download PDF

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Publication number
JP4368559B2
JP4368559B2 JP2002105774A JP2002105774A JP4368559B2 JP 4368559 B2 JP4368559 B2 JP 4368559B2 JP 2002105774 A JP2002105774 A JP 2002105774A JP 2002105774 A JP2002105774 A JP 2002105774A JP 4368559 B2 JP4368559 B2 JP 4368559B2
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disease control
plant disease
strain
cladosporium
plant
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JP2003300804A (en
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光紀 前田
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Nippon Soda Co Ltd
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Nippon Soda Co Ltd
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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、クラドスポリウム属(Cladosporium)に属する新規な微生物、特に各種農園芸作物の灰色かび病や菌核病等の植物病害防除能を有し、かつ殺菌剤に耐性を有する新規な微生物や、かかる微生物を含有してなる植物病害防除剤組成物や、かかる植物病害防除剤組成物を用いた植物病害の防除方法に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
従来から、各種作物の灰色かび病及び菌核病に対しては、ベンズイミダゾール系殺菌剤及びチオファネート系殺菌剤(以下、ベンズイミダゾール・チオファネート殺菌剤と記す。)は農園芸作物に寄生する種々の病原菌に対して優れた防除効果を示し、1970年頃より農園芸用殺菌剤として広く一般に使用され、作物増産に大きく寄与してきた。
【0003】
一方、合成殺菌剤による防除に代わるべき、あるいは併用すべき手段として、環境汚染が極めて少なく、生態系に調和し、かつ防除効果の優れたものとして生物農薬が知られている。このような農園芸作物の病害防除、特に灰色かび病に用いられてきた微生物として、トリコデルマ属、グリオクラディウム属、バチルス属に属する微生物が挙げられ、これまでにこれらの微生物を含有する農園芸用殺菌剤組成物も数多く研究開発されてきた。
【0004】
例えばバチルス属に属する細菌については、特開昭63−273470号公報では、バチルス・ズブチリス(Bacillus subtilis)JB3株菌(NCIB12375)、バチルス・ズブチリスJB3.6株菌(NCIBB12376)、バチルス・ズブチルスR1株菌(NCIB12616)、あるいはこれらの変異株等から得られる抗菌物質が植物の病気、動物及びヒトの微生物感染等を抑制し、更に一般的な微生物汚染を抑制するとし、上記各菌株の培養物を用いて各種農園芸作物の病害を防除する試みがなされている。
【0005】
また、特開平2−22299号公報には、上記バチルス・ズブチリスJB3株菌(NCIB12375)、バチルス・ズブチリスJB3.6株菌(NCIBB12376)、バチルス・ズブチルスR1株菌(NCIB12616)、あるいはこれらの変異株等から得られる抗菌物質を単離し、これを各種農園芸作物の病害防除に用いるという試みがなされている。
【0006】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
しかし、このようなバチルス属に属する細菌を応用した農園芸作物の病害防除方法では何れも持続性、定着性、安定性等の点が必ずしも十分であるとは言えなかった。また、上記のような真菌類を使用した場合、体系的に処理される化学殺菌剤により、処理した微生物が死滅し、十分に効果が発揮できないなどの問題点があった。
【0007】
本発明は、かかる実情に鑑みてなされたものであり、本発明の課題は、各種農園芸作物等の植物の病害、特に灰色かび病及び菌核病に対して、一定して優れた防除能を有し、ベンズイミダゾール・チオファネート殺菌剤等の各種化学殺菌剤に耐性を有し、これらの殺菌剤との混用もしくは体系防除が可能な新規な微生物や、かかる微生物を含有することにより長期に亘り病害防除能を保持し、化学殺菌剤と併用してもその病害防除能が維持可能な植物病害防除剤組成物や、これを用いて植物及び/又は土壌を処理する植物病害の防除方法を提供することにある。
【0008】
【課題を解決するための手段】
上記の課題を解決するため、本発明者らは、各種農園芸作物の灰色かび病が花器から感染することに着目し、インゲン及びナスの花器に常在する微生物を分離し、それらの微生物について各種農園芸作物の灰色かび病防除活性を有する微生物の選抜を試みた。その結果、インゲン及びナスの花器から灰色かび病病原菌の生育を妨げる糸状菌を分離、選抜することができた。得られた糸状菌株の形態や菌学的性質は以下の通りであった。
【0009】
菌糸は、隔壁を有し、暗緑色ないし黒褐色であり、分生子柄は、直立又は若干曲がりながら生じ、隔壁は少なく頂部がくびれて枝分かれせず、小柄を形成し、オリーブ褐色を呈し、表面は平滑である。分生胞子は出芽型で鎖状に枝分かれして求頂的に形成され、表面は平滑で淡褐色、3〜7×2〜4μmのレモン形ないし円筒形の単細胞で、円筒形の分生胞子に隔壁を希に認める。
【0010】
かかる形態的特徴から上記糸状菌株をクラドスポリウム属に属するクラドスポリウム・クラドスポリオイデス(C.cladosporioides)と同定し、この菌株をクラドスポリウム・クラドスポリオイデスHAI−0110株と命名した。このHAI−0110株は、独立行政法人産業技術総合研究所特許生物寄託センターに寄託番号FERM P−18797として寄託されている。そして、上記クラドスポリウム・クラドスポリオイデスHAI−0110株は、灰色かび病の他、菌核病に対しても優れた防除活性を有するばかりか、ベンズイミダゾール・チオファネート殺菌剤等の各種化学殺菌剤に対して耐性を有することを見い出し、本発明を完成するに至った。
【0011】
すなわち、本発明は、植物病害防除能を有し、かつ、ベンズイミダゾール・チオファネート殺菌剤に耐性を有するクラドスポリウム・クラドスポリオイデス(Cladosporium.cladosporioides)を含有することを特徴とする植物病害防除剤組成物(請求項1)や、クラドスポリウム・クラドスポリオイデス(C.cladosporioides)に属する微生物が、クラドスポリウム・クラドスポリオイデス(C.cladosporioides)HAI−0110株であることを特徴とする請求項記載の植物病害防除剤組成物(請求項)や、植物病害防除剤が、灰色かび病防除剤及び/又は菌核病防除剤であることを特徴とする請求項1又は2に記載の植物病害防除剤組成物(請求項)や、請求項1〜のいずれか記載の植物病害防除剤組成物を用いて、植物及び/又は土壌を処理することを特徴とする植物病害の防除方法(請求項)や、植物病害防除能を有し、かつベンズイミダゾール・チオファネート殺菌剤に耐性を有することを特徴とするクラドスポリウム・クラドスポリオイデス(C.cladosporioides)(請求項)や、植物病害防除能が、灰色かび病防除能及び/又は菌核病防除能であることを特徴とする請求項記載のクラドスポリウム・クラドスポリオイデス(C.cladosporioides)(請求項)や、クラドスポリウム・クラドスポリオイデス(C.cladosporioides)HAI−0110株(請求項)に関する。
【0012】
【実施の形態】
本発明の植物病害防除剤組成物としては、クラドスポリウム属に属する微生物を含有する組成物であれば、特に限定されるものではないが、上記クラドスポリウム属に属する微生物が、植物病害防除能を有し、かつ殺菌剤に耐性を有する微生物であることが好ましい。かかるクラドスポリウム属に属する微生物として、クラドスポリウム・クラドスポリオイデスを例示することができ、より具体的にはクラドスポリウム・クラドスポリオイデスHAI−0110株を挙げることができる。また、本発明の植物病害防除剤組成物は、灰色かび病や菌核病に対して特に有利に用いることができる。
【0013】
本発明の植物病害防除剤組成物の製造には、クラドスポリウム属に属する微生物を固体培養あるいは液体培養等の公知の手段で増殖させた菌体を用いることができる。クラドスポリウム属に属する微生物は、例えばインゲンの花器に常在する微生物からスクリーニングにより得ることができ、かかる微生物の増殖方法としては、菌体が増殖する方法であれば、特に培地の種類や培養条件等を問わず、いずれの方法でもよいが、例えば、固体培養の場合、ポテトデキストロース寒天培地、Czapek Dox寒天培地、麦芽寒天培地、標準寒天培地等における25℃での静置培養を、液体培養の場合、ポテトデキストロース液体培地、Czapek Dox液体培地、麦芽液体培地、標準液体培地等における25℃での振盪培養を挙げることができる。また、菌体の使用形態としては、菌体自体のほか、その懸濁液ないし培養液又はこれらの濃縮物、ペースト状物、乾燥物、希釈物等のいずれの形態であっても適用することができる。
【0014】
本発明の病害防除剤組成物におけるクラドスポリウム属に属する菌の濃度は、特に制限されるものではないが、1000〜2000倍に希釈した際に、分生胞子菌濃度に換算して、1×1010〜1×103cfu/ml、好ましくは1×108〜1×104cfu/mlの範囲である。また、本発明の病害防除剤組成物には通常使用される担体、界面活性剤、分散剤、補助剤等を配合させることができ、その形態としては通常の農薬のとり得る形態、例えば、粉剤、水和剤、乳剤、フロアブル剤、粒剤等の形態を採用することができる。
【0015】
上記担体としては、例えば、珪藻土、クレー、タルク、ベントナイト、ホワイトカーボン、カオリン、バーミキュライト、消石灰、珪砂、硫安、尿素等の固体担体を挙げることができる。界面活性剤及び分散剤としては、例えば、ポリオキシエチレンが付加したアルキルフェニルエーテル、ポリオキシエチレンが付加したアルキルエーテル、ポリオキシエチレンが付加した高級脂肪酸エステル、ポリオキシエチレンが付加したソルビタン高級脂肪酸エステル、ポリオキシエチレンが付加したトリスチリルフェニルエーテル等の非イオン性界面活性剤、ポリオキシエチレンが付加したアルキルフェニルエーテルの硫酸エステル塩、アルキルベンゼンスルホン酸金属塩、高級アルコールの硫酸エステル塩、アルキルナフタレンスルホン酸ナトリウム、リグニンスルホン酸ナトリウム、アルキルナフタレンスルホン酸ナトリウムのホルムアルデヒド縮合物、イソブチレン−無水マレイン酸の共重合体等のイオン性界面活性剤や、分散剤を挙げることができる。また、補助剤としては、例えば、カルボキシメチルセルロース、ポリエチレングリコール、アラビアゴム、澱粉、乳糖等を挙げることができる。
【0016】
本発明の病害防除剤組成物を乳剤として製造するには、採取・乾燥したクラドスポリウム属の分生胞子を、界面活性剤を含有する有機溶剤中に混入させた懸濁液を調製することにより行うことができる。かかる界面活性剤としては、菌胞子の発芽・生長を阻害しない性状のものであればいずれのものも適用することができ、具体的には、ポリオキシエチレンソルビタンモノラウレート、ポリオキシエチレングリコールモノラウレート、ポリエチレングリコールモノオレエート等を挙げることができ、これらを1種単独あるいは2種以上を混合して用いることができる。また、有機溶剤としては、例えば、大豆油、ナタネ油、ひまし油、綿実油、パーム油、サフラワー油等の植物油、スピンドル油、ヘビーホワイトオイル、ライトホワイトオイル、ミネラルスピリット、ミネラルターペン、ナフテン油、パラフィン油、農薬用マシン油等の鉱物油、シリコーンオイル等を挙げることができ、これらは1種単独あるいは2種以上を混合して用いることができる。
【0017】
本発明の植物病害の防除方法は、上記本発明の植物病害防除剤組成物を用いて植物病害を防除する方法であれば、特に制限されるものではなく、本発明の植物病害防除剤組成物を通常の化学農薬と同様、各種農園芸作物等の植物体や土壌に散布処理等する方法を挙げることができる。散布処理に当たっては、本発明の植物病害防除剤組成物を適当量の水等で希釈して使用することができ、散布量としては、クラドスポリウム属に属する菌の分生胞子濃度に換算して、通常1×1010〜1×103cfu/ml、好ましくは1×108〜1×104cfu/mlの範囲である。
【0018】
本発明はまた、植物病害防除能を有し、かつ殺菌剤に耐性を有するクラドスポリウム・クラドスポリオイデス、特に灰色かび病防除能及び/又は菌核病防除能を有し、かつベンズイミダゾール・チオファネート殺菌剤等の各種殺菌剤に耐性を有するクラドスポリウム・クラドスポリオイデス、より具体的には、クラドスポリウム・クラドスポリオイデスHAI−0110株(FERM P−18797)を対象としている。これら微生物自体は、上述の植物病害防除剤組成物の製造に有利に用いることができる。
【0019】
【実施例】
以下、本発明の植物病害防除剤組成物や、これを用いた植物病害防除方法を実施例により具体的に説明するが、本発明は以下の実施例に何ら限定されるものではなく、本発明の趣旨を逸脱しない範囲で、クラドスポリウム属の菌の種類、製剤の組成割合、剤型等を自由に変更することができる。また、以下の実施例では、クラドスポリウム属菌としてクラドスポリウム・クラドスポリオイデスHAI−0110株(FERM P−18797)を用いた。
【0020】
実施例1:クラドスポリウム属菌分生胞子懸濁液の調製
300ml容三角フラスコに胞子形成用培地(0.4w/v%ポテトエキス,1%グルコース,pH6.0)150mlを入れ、加熱滅菌後、クラドスポリウム・クラドスポリオイデスHAI−0110株の前培養物10mlを接種し、回転振盪器中25℃、250rpmで72時間培養した。培養液を蒸留水あるいは緩衝液で洗浄する操作を3回繰り返し、最終的に1×109cfu/mlとなるようにクラドスポリウム属菌分生胞子懸濁液を調製した。
【0021】
実施例2:植物病害防除剤組成物(粉剤)の製造
実施例1で調製したクラドスポリウム属菌分生胞子懸濁液(1×109cfu/ml)2重量部の胞子ペレット、珪藻土1重量部及びクレー1重量部を均一に混合し乾燥した後、粉砕して粉剤Aを得た。
【0022】
実施例3:植物病害防除剤組成物(水和剤)の製造
実施例1で調製したクラドスポリウム属菌分生胞子懸濁液(1×109cfu/ml)1重量部の胞子ペレットと、スキムミルク10重量%及びグルタミン酸ナトリウム1重量%を含む水溶液1重量部とを均一に混合し、凍結後、乾燥して水和剤Bを得た。
【0023】
実施例4:植物病害防除剤組成物(粉剤)の防除効果試験(ナス株)
実施例2で得られた粉剤Aを水道水で1000倍に希釈して処理液を調製した。その処理液をナス株に200L/10aの水量で散布した。散布は同じナス株に計2回行ない、1回目の散布4日後と2回目散布8日後にナス株の健全幼果数と発病幼果数を調査した。また、無撒布の場合(無処理)を対照とした。かかる防除効果試験を、フィールドを代えて計2回実施した。1回目の散布4日後の調査結果を表1に、2回目散布8日後の調査結果を表2に示す。表中、平均発病果率は2回の発病果率(全幼果数に対する灰色かび病が発症している発病幼果数の占める割合%)の平均を表し、防除価は、式[(無処理の平均発病果率−処理後の平均発病果率)/無処理の平均発病果率(%)]により求めた。表1及び表2から明らかなように、クラドスポリウム・クラドスポリオイデスはナス灰色かび病に対して防除効果を有することが認められた。
【0024】
【表1】

Figure 0004368559
【0025】
【表2】
Figure 0004368559
【0026】
実施例5:植物病害防除剤組成物(粉剤)の防除効果試験(イチゴ株)
実施例2で得られた粉剤Aを水道水で1000倍に希釈して処理液を調製した。その処理液をイチゴ株に200L/10aの水量で散布した。散布は同じイチゴ株に1週間間隔で計3回行ない、3回目の散布7日後にイチゴ株の健全幼果数と発病幼果数を調査した。また、無撒布の場合(無処理)を対照とした。かかる防除効果試験を、フィールドを代えて計2回実施した。調査結果を表3に示す。表中、平均発病果率は2回の発病果率(全幼果数に対する灰色かび病が発症している発病幼果数の占める割合%)の平均を表し、防除価は、式[(無処理の平均発病果率−処理後の平均発病果率)/無処理の平均発病果率(%)]により求めた。表3から明らかなように、クラドスポリウム・クラドスポリオイデスはイチゴ灰色かび病に対して防除効果を有することが認められた。
【0027】
【表3】
Figure 0004368559
【0028】
実施例6:各種殺菌剤に対する抗菌試験
殺菌剤として広い病害防除スペクトルを有するベノミル(benomyl;デュポン社製)や、灰色かび病防除剤の特効薬であるプロシミドン(procymidone;住友化学工業社製)を、それぞれ0.1、1.0、100ppmとなるよう添加したポテトデキストロース寒天培地(日本水産社製)にクラドスポリウム・クラドスポリオイデス含菌寒天を置床した。これを25℃暗黒下5日間静置培養した後、菌糸伸長量(mm)を測定し菌糸伸長阻止率を求めた。比較例として、灰色かび病菌であるボトリティス・シネレ(Botrytis cinerea)を用いた。結果を表4に示す。表4から明らかなように、ベノミル及びプロシミドンは対照微生物であるボトリティス・シネレに対し、0.1及び1.0ppmで100%の抗菌活性を示した。しかし、クラドスポリウム・クラドスポリオイデスに対して、ベノミルは100ppmにおいても9.7%、プロシミドンは33.3%とほとんど抗菌活性を示さなかった。これらのことから、本発明の植物病害防除剤組成物は、ベノミルやプロシミドン等の殺菌剤との混用あるいは体系防除が可能であることが示された。
【0029】
【表4】
Figure 0004368559
【0030】
【発明の効果】
本発明の植物病害防除剤組成物は、各種農園芸作物等の植物の病害、特に灰色かび病や菌核病に対して、一定して優れた防除能を有し、各種化学殺菌剤に耐性を有し、これらの殺菌剤との混用もしくは体系防除が可能であり、かかる微生物を含有することにより長期に亘り病害防除能を保持し、ベンズイミダゾール・チオファネート殺菌剤等の各種化学殺菌剤と併用してもその病害防除能維持することができ、かかる植物病害防除剤組成物を用いた本発明の植物病害の防除方法によれば、植物病害防除剤組成物を各種農園芸作物等の植物や、土壌に散布する等の方法により、植物の病害、特に灰色かび病及び菌核病に対して効果的に防除することができる。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a novel microorganism belonging to the genus Cladosporium, in particular, a novel microorganism having an ability to control plant diseases such as gray mold and mycorrhizal diseases of various agricultural and horticultural crops and having resistance to a fungicide. The present invention also relates to a plant disease control composition comprising such a microorganism and a plant disease control method using such a plant disease control composition.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventionally, benzimidazole fungicides and thiophanate fungicides (hereinafter referred to as benzimidazole / thiophanate fungicides) have been used for various types of crops that are parasitic on agricultural and horticultural crops. It has an excellent control effect against pathogenic bacteria, and has been widely used as an agricultural and horticultural fungicide since about 1970, and has greatly contributed to increased crop production.
[0003]
On the other hand, biological pesticides are known as means that should be used in place of or in combination with control with a synthetic fungicide and that have very little environmental pollution, harmonize with the ecosystem, and have an excellent control effect. Microorganisms belonging to the genus Trichoderma, Gliocladium, and Bacillus are examples of microorganisms that have been used for disease control of such agricultural and horticultural crops, particularly gray mold disease. Many horticultural fungicide compositions have been researched and developed.
[0004]
For example, regarding bacteria belonging to the genus Bacillus, JP-A-63-273470 discloses Bacillus subtilis JB3 strain (NIB12375), Bacillus subtilis JB3.6 strain (NCIBB12376), Bacillus subtilis R1 strain. Antibacterial substances obtained from fungi (NCIB12616) or mutants thereof suppress plant diseases, animal and human microbial infections, and further suppress general microbial contamination. Attempts have been made to control diseases of various agricultural and horticultural crops.
[0005]
JP-A-2-22299 discloses the aforementioned Bacillus subtilis JB3 strain (NCIB12375), Bacillus subtilis JB3.6 strain (NCIBB12376), Bacillus subtilis R1 strain (NCIB12616), or mutants thereof. Attempts have been made to isolate antibacterial substances obtained from the above and use them for disease control of various agricultural and horticultural crops.
[0006]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, none of the methods for controlling diseases of agricultural and horticultural crops using bacteria belonging to the genus Bacillus is necessarily sufficient in terms of sustainability, fixability, stability and the like. In addition, when the above fungi are used, there is a problem that the treated microorganisms are killed by the chemical disinfectant that is systematically treated, and the effect cannot be exhibited sufficiently.
[0007]
The present invention has been made in view of such circumstances, and an object of the present invention is to provide a constant excellent control ability against plant diseases such as various agricultural and horticultural crops, particularly gray mold and mycorrhizal diseases. New microorganisms that are resistant to various chemical fungicides such as benzimidazole and thiophanate fungicides, can be mixed with these fungicides or systemically controlled, and contain such microorganisms for a long time. Providing a plant disease control composition that retains disease control ability and can maintain the disease control ability even when used in combination with a chemical fungicide, and a method for controlling plant diseases that treat plants and / or soil using this composition There is to do.
[0008]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to solve the above problems, the present inventors focused on the fact that gray mold disease of various agricultural and horticultural crops is infected from flower organs, isolated microorganisms resident in green beans and eggplant flower organs, and about these microorganisms We tried to select microorganisms with gray mold control activity of various agricultural and horticultural crops. As a result, it was possible to isolate and select filamentous fungi that hinder the growth of gray mold pathogens from kidney beans and eggplants. The morphology and mycological properties of the obtained filamentous strain were as follows.
[0009]
The mycelium has a partition, dark green to black brown, the conidia pattern is upright or slightly bent, the partition is small, the top is constricted and does not branch, forms a small pattern, has an olive brown color, the surface is Smooth. The conidia are budding type, branching in a chain and formed apically, the surface is smooth and light brown, 3-7 × 2-4μm lemon-shaped or cylindrical single cells, cylindrical conidia The partition wall is rarely recognized.
[0010]
From these morphological characteristics, the filamentous strain was identified as C. cladosporioides belonging to the genus Cladosporium, and this strain was named Cladosporium cladosporiides HAI-0110 strain. . This HAI-0110 strain has been deposited at the National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology Patent Biological Deposit Center under the deposit number FERM P-18797. And the above-mentioned Cladosporium cladosporioides HAI-0110 strain has not only gray mold disease but also excellent control activity against mycorrhizal disease, and various chemical bactericides such as benzimidazole thiophanate fungicide. It has been found that the compound has resistance to the agent, and the present invention has been completed.
[0011]
That is, the present invention includes plant disease control characterized by containing Cladosporium.cladosporioides (Cladosporium.cladosporioides) having a plant disease control ability and having resistance to a benzimidazole thiophanate fungicide. composition (claim 1) and, said the microorganism belonging to click Radosuporiumu Kula dos polio Lee des (C.Cladosporioides) is a Cladosporium Kula dos polio Lee des (C.cladosporioides) HAI-0110 strain claim 1 plant disease control agent composition according to (claim 2) and, plant disease control agent, according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that a Botrytis control agent and / or rot control agent the plant disease controlling composition (claim 3) according to or by using the claim 1 plant disease control agent composition according to any one of 3, child process plants and / or soil Method for controlling plant diseases, which comprises (Claim 4) and having a plant disease controlling activity and characterized by having a resistance to benzimidazole thiophanate fungicides Cladosporium Kula dos Polio Lee Death (C .Cladosporioides) (claim 5) and, plant disease control capability, according to claim 5, characterized in that the Botrytis control capability and / or rot control ability Cladosporium Kula dos polio Lee Death ( C. cladosporioides) (Claim 6 ) and C. cladosporioides HAI-0110 strain (Claim 7 ).
[0012]
Embodiment
The plant disease control agent composition of the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it is a composition containing a microorganism belonging to the genus Cladosporium, but the microorganism belonging to the genus Cladosporium is a plant disease control agent. It is preferable that the microorganism has an ability and resistance to a bactericide. Examples of the microorganism belonging to the genus Cladosporium include Cladosporium cladosporioides, and more specifically, Cladosporium cladosporioides HAI-0110 strain. Moreover, the plant disease control agent composition of this invention can be used especially advantageously with respect to gray mold disease and mycorrhizal disease.
[0013]
In the production of the plant disease control agent composition of the present invention, cells obtained by growing microorganisms belonging to the genus Cladosporium by known means such as solid culture or liquid culture can be used. For example, microorganisms belonging to the genus Cladosporium can be obtained by screening from microorganisms that are resident in the kidneys of green beans, and as a method for growing such microorganisms, the type and culture of the medium are particularly suitable as long as the cells grow. Any method may be used regardless of conditions. For example, in the case of solid culture, stationary culture at 25 ° C. in potato dextrose agar medium, Czapek Dox agar medium, malt agar medium, standard agar medium, etc. In this case, shaking culture at 25 ° C. in a potato dextrose liquid medium, a Czapek Dox liquid medium, a malt liquid medium, a standard liquid medium or the like can be mentioned. In addition to the cells themselves, the cells may be used in any form such as suspensions or culture solutions or concentrates, pastes, dried products, diluted products, etc. Can do.
[0014]
The concentration of the bacterium belonging to the genus Cladosporium in the disease control agent composition of the present invention is not particularly limited, but when diluted 1000 to 2000 times, the concentration is 1 × 10 10 to 1 × 10 3 cfu / ml, preferably 1 × 10 8 to 1 × 10 4 cfu / ml. The disease control agent composition of the present invention can be mixed with commonly used carriers, surfactants, dispersants, adjuvants, and the like, and the form can be taken by ordinary agricultural chemicals, for example, powders. , Wettable powders, emulsions, flowables, granules and the like can be employed.
[0015]
Examples of the carrier include solid carriers such as diatomaceous earth, clay, talc, bentonite, white carbon, kaolin, vermiculite, slaked lime, quartz sand, ammonium sulfate, and urea. Surfactants and dispersants include, for example, alkylphenyl ethers added with polyoxyethylene, alkyl ethers added with polyoxyethylene, higher fatty acid esters added with polyoxyethylene, sorbitan higher fatty acid esters added with polyoxyethylene , Nonionic surfactants such as tristyryl phenyl ether added with polyoxyethylene, sulfates of alkylphenyl ether added with polyoxyethylene, metal salts of alkylbenzene sulfonate, sulfates of higher alcohols, alkyl naphthalene sulfone Ionic surfactants and dispersants such as sodium acid, sodium lignin sulfonate, formaldehyde condensates of sodium alkylnaphthalene sulfonate, and copolymers of isobutylene-maleic anhydride It can be mentioned. Examples of the auxiliary agent include carboxymethyl cellulose, polyethylene glycol, gum arabic, starch, and lactose.
[0016]
In order to produce the disease control composition of the present invention as an emulsion, a suspension is prepared by mixing collected and dried Cladosporium conidia in an organic solvent containing a surfactant. Can be performed. Any surfactant can be used as long as it does not inhibit germination and growth of fungal spores. Specifically, polyoxyethylene sorbitan monolaurate, polyoxyethylene glycol mono Examples thereof include laurate and polyethylene glycol monooleate, and these can be used alone or in combination of two or more. Examples of organic solvents include vegetable oils such as soybean oil, rapeseed oil, castor oil, cottonseed oil, palm oil, safflower oil, spindle oil, heavy white oil, light white oil, mineral spirit, mineral turpentine, naphthenic oil, paraffin. Examples thereof include mineral oils such as oil, machine oil for agricultural chemicals, silicone oil, and the like, and these can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
[0017]
The method for controlling plant diseases of the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it is a method for controlling plant diseases using the plant disease control composition of the present invention, and the plant disease control composition of the present invention. In the same manner as ordinary chemical pesticides, there can be mentioned a method of spraying on plants and soil such as various agricultural and horticultural crops. In the spraying treatment, the plant disease control agent composition of the present invention can be used by diluting with an appropriate amount of water or the like, and the spraying amount is converted to the concentration of conidia of bacteria belonging to the genus Cladosporium. In general, the range is 1 × 10 10 to 1 × 10 3 cfu / ml, preferably 1 × 10 8 to 1 × 10 4 cfu / ml.
[0018]
The present invention also has an ability to control plant diseases and has resistance to fungicides, and in particular, has the ability to control gray mold and / or mycorrhizal diseases, and benzimidazole.・ Cladosporium that has resistance to various fungicides such as thiophanate fungicides ・ Cladosporioides, more specifically, Cladosporium cladosporioides HAI-0110 strain (FERM P-18797) . These microorganisms themselves can be advantageously used in the production of the above-mentioned plant disease control composition.
[0019]
【Example】
Hereinafter, the plant disease control agent composition of the present invention and the plant disease control method using the same will be specifically described with reference to examples, but the present invention is not limited to the following examples. As long as it does not deviate from the above, the kind of bacteria of the genus Cladosporium, the composition ratio of the preparation, the dosage form and the like can be freely changed. In the following examples, Cladosporium cladosporioides HAI-0110 strain (FERM P-18797) was used as the genus Cladosporium.
[0020]
Example 1 Preparation of Cladosporium Conidial Spore Suspension 150 ml of a spore-forming medium (0.4 w / v potato extract, 1% glucose, pH 6.0) is placed in a 300 ml Erlenmeyer flask and sterilized by heating. Thereafter, 10 ml of a preculture of Cladosporium cladosporiides HAI-0110 strain was inoculated, and cultured in a rotary shaker at 25 ° C. and 250 rpm for 72 hours. The operation of washing the culture solution with distilled water or a buffer solution was repeated three times to prepare a cladosporum conidial spore suspension so that the final concentration was 1 × 10 9 cfu / ml.
[0021]
Example 2: Manufacture of plant disease control agent composition (powder) 2 parts by weight of spore pellet of cladosporum conidia prepared in Example 1 (1 x 10 9 cfu / ml), diatomaceous earth 1 Part by weight and 1 part by weight of clay were uniformly mixed, dried, and pulverized to obtain powder A.
[0022]
Example 3: Manufacture of plant disease control agent composition (wettable powder) Cladosporium conidia spore suspension (1 x 10 9 cfu / ml) prepared in Example 1 and 1 part by weight of spore pellets Then, 10% by weight of skim milk and 1 part by weight of an aqueous solution containing 1% by weight of sodium glutamate were uniformly mixed, frozen and dried to obtain wettable powder B.
[0023]
Example 4: Control effect test of plant disease control composition (powder) (egg strain)
Powder A obtained in Example 2 was diluted 1000 times with tap water to prepare a treatment liquid. The treatment solution was sprayed on the eggplant strain with a water volume of 200 L / 10a. Spraying was performed twice on the same eggplant strain, and the number of healthy and diseased berries of the eggplant strain was investigated 4 days after the first spraying and 8 days after the second spraying. In addition, the case of uncoated cloth (untreated) was used as a control. Such a control effect test was conducted twice in total, changing the field. The survey results 4 days after the first spraying are shown in Table 1, and the survey results 8 days after the second spraying are shown in Table 2. In the table, the average disease rate represents the average of the two disease rates (percentage of the number of diseased berries with the occurrence of gray mold disease relative to the total number of berries). Average disease incidence rate after treatment−average disease incidence rate after treatment) / average disease incidence rate without treatment (%)]. As is clear from Tables 1 and 2, it was confirmed that Cladosporium cladosporieudes has a controlling effect against eggplant gray mold.
[0024]
[Table 1]
Figure 0004368559
[0025]
[Table 2]
Figure 0004368559
[0026]
Example 5: Control effect test of plant disease control composition (powder) (strawberry strain)
Powder A obtained in Example 2 was diluted 1000 times with tap water to prepare a treatment liquid. The treatment liquid was sprayed on the strawberry strain with a water volume of 200 L / 10a. Spraying was performed three times on the same strawberry strain at weekly intervals, and the number of healthy and diseased berries of the strawberry strain was investigated 7 days after the third spraying. In addition, the case of uncoated cloth (untreated) was used as a control. Such a control effect test was conducted twice in total, changing the field. The survey results are shown in Table 3. In the table, the average disease rate represents the average of the two disease rates (percentage of the number of diseased berries with the occurrence of gray mold disease relative to the total number of berries). Average disease incidence rate after treatment−average disease incidence rate after treatment) / average disease incidence rate without treatment (%)]. As is clear from Table 3, it was confirmed that Cladosporium cladosporieudes has a control effect against strawberry gray mold.
[0027]
[Table 3]
Figure 0004368559
[0028]
Example 6: Antibacterial test for various fungicides Benomyl (benomyl; manufactured by DuPont) having a broad disease control spectrum as a fungicide, and procymidone (procymidone; manufactured by Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd.), a specific drug for gray mold control, Cladosporium cladosporioides-containing agar was placed on potato dextrose agar medium (manufactured by Nihon Suisan Co., Ltd.) added to 0.1, 1.0, and 100 ppm, respectively. This was allowed to stand for 5 days in the dark at 25 ° C., and then the hyphal elongation (mm) was measured to determine the hyphal elongation inhibition rate. As a comparative example, Botrytis cinerea which is a gray mold fungus was used. The results are shown in Table 4. As is clear from Table 4, benomyl and procymidone showed 100% antibacterial activity at 0.1 and 1.0 ppm against the control microorganism Botrytis cinere. However, against Cladosporium cladosporioides, benomyl was 9.7% even at 100 ppm, and procymidone was 33.3%, showing almost no antibacterial activity. From these facts, it was shown that the plant disease control agent composition of the present invention can be mixed with a fungicide such as benomyl or procymidone or systemically controlled.
[0029]
[Table 4]
Figure 0004368559
[0030]
【The invention's effect】
The plant disease control agent composition of the present invention has constant and excellent control ability against plant diseases such as various agricultural and horticultural crops, especially gray mold disease and mycorrhizal disease, and is resistant to various chemical fungicides. It can be mixed with these fungicides or systemically controlled, and it can maintain disease control for a long time by containing such microorganisms, and it can be used in combination with various chemical fungicides such as benzimidazole and thiophanate fungicides. However, according to the plant disease control method of the present invention using such a plant disease control agent composition, the plant disease control agent composition can be applied to plants such as various agricultural and horticultural crops, and the like. It is possible to effectively control plant diseases, particularly gray mold and mycorrhizal diseases, by spraying the soil.

Claims (3)

ラドスポリウム・クラドスポリオイデス(Cladosporium.cladosporioides)HAI−0110株を含有することを特徴とする植物病害防除剤組成物。 Click Radosuporiumu Kula dos Polio Lee des (Cladosporium.cladosporioides) plant disease control agent composition characterized by containing the HAI-0110 strain. 請求項記載の植物病害防除剤組成物を用いて、植物及び/又は土壌を処理することを特徴とする植物病害の防除方法。A plant disease control method comprising treating a plant and / or soil using the plant disease control agent composition according to claim 1 . クラドスポリウム・クラドスポリオイデス(C.cladosporioides)HAI−0110株。  C. cladosporioides HAI-0110 strain.
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