JP2003300804A - Blight injury-controlling agent composition and microorganism - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain a new microorganism having constantly excellent controlling ability on blight injuries of crops for agriculture and horticulture, particularly gray mold rot and sclerotinia rot, having a resistance to various chemical sterilizers and enabling mixed use of these sterilizers or system control, and a blight injury-controlling agent composition keeping the blight injury control ability over a long period by including the microorganism and capable of keeping the blight control ability even by combined use with these sterilizers, and to provide a method for controlling the blight injuries comprising treating plants and/or soil by using the microorganism. <P>SOLUTION: The blight injury controlling agent composition has blight controlling ability and comprises a microorganism of the genus Cladosporium having resistance to sterilizers, preferably a microorganism belonging to the genus Cladosporium cladosporioides, further preferably Cladosporium cladosporioides HAI-0110 strain as a main ingredient. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a novel microorganism belonging to the genus Cladosporium, in particular, it has an ability to control plant diseases such as gray mold and sclerotial diseases of various agricultural and horticultural crops, and is a fungicide. The present invention relates to a novel microorganism resistant to chlorophyll, a plant disease controlling agent composition containing such a microorganism, and a plant disease controlling method using the plant disease controlling agent composition.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, benzimidazole fungicides and thiophanate fungicides (hereinafter, referred to as benzimidazole thiophanate fungicides) are used for agricultural and horticultural crops against gray mold and sclerotia of various crops. It shows an excellent control effect against various pathogenic fungi parasitic on A. japonicus, and since 1970, it has been widely used as a fungicide for agriculture and horticulture, and has greatly contributed to the increase in crop production.

On the other hand, biopesticides are known as means that should be used in place of or in combination with the control by synthetic bactericides, because they have very little environmental pollution, are in harmony with the ecosystem, and have excellent control effects. Disease control of such agricultural and horticultural crops, as microorganisms that have been used for gray mold in particular, Trichoderma, Gliocladium, microorganisms belonging to the genus Bacillus, and the agriculture containing these microorganisms so far. Many horticultural germicide compositions have also been researched and developed.

For example, as to bacteria belonging to the genus Bacillus, Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 63-273470 discloses that Bacillus.
Bacillus subtilis JB3 strain (NCI
B12375), Bacillus subtilis JB3.6 strain (NCIBB12376), Bacillus subtilis R1
Strains (NCIB12616), or antibacterial substances obtained from these mutants suppress plant diseases, microbial infections of animals and humans, etc., and further suppress general microbial contamination, and cultures of the above strains Attempts have been made to control diseases of various agricultural and horticultural crops by using.

Further, in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 22222/1990,
The above Bacillus subtilis JB3 strain (NCIB123
75), Bacillus subtilis JB3.6 strain (NCI
BB12376), Bacillus subtilis R1 strain (N
Attempts have been made to isolate antibacterial substances obtained from CIB12616) or mutants thereof and use the antibacterial substances for disease control of various agricultural and horticultural crops.

[0006]

However, all of the methods for controlling the diseases of agricultural and horticultural crops using such bacteria belonging to the genus Bacillus are not necessarily satisfactory in terms of sustainability, fixability, stability and the like. I could not say. Further, when the above fungi are used, there is a problem that the treated microorganisms are killed by the chemical bactericidal agent systematically treated and the effect cannot be sufficiently exerted.

[0007] The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and an object of the present invention is consistently excellent against diseases of plants such as various agricultural and horticultural crops, particularly against gray mold and sclerotia. It has a controllability and is resistant to various chemical fungicides such as benzimidazole / thiophanate fungicides, and it can be mixed with these fungicides or can be systematically controlled, and by containing such microbes. A plant disease control agent composition capable of maintaining a disease control ability for a long period of time and maintaining the disease control ability even when used in combination with a chemical fungicide, and controlling a plant disease in which a plant and / or soil is treated using the composition To provide a method.

[0008]

[Means for Solving the Problems] In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the present inventors have focused on the fact that gray mold of various agricultural and horticultural crops is transmitted from vase, and are resident in the vase of common beans and eggplants. Microorganisms were separated, and we tried to select those microorganisms having gray mold control activity in various agricultural and horticultural crops. As a result, it was possible to isolate and select filamentous fungi that impede the growth of the Botrytis cinerea pathogen from the flower organs of kidney bean and eggplant. The morphology and mycological properties of the obtained filamentous fungal strain were as follows.

The hypha has a septum and is dark green to blackish brown, and the conidia stalk is raised upright or slightly bent,
There are few partition walls, the tops are constricted and they do not branch, they form petites, have an olive brown color, and have a smooth surface. Conidiospores are budding type, branched in chains, and apically formed. The surface is smooth, light brown, 3-7 × 2-4 μm lemon-shaped or cylindrical single cells, cylindrical conidia In rare cases, a partition wall is recognized.

From the above morphological characteristics, the filamentous fungus strain was identified as C. cladosporioides belonging to the genus Cladosporium, and this strain was identified as H. Cladosporium cladosporioides HAI-0.
It was named 110 strains. This HAI-0110 strain has been deposited at the Patent Organism Depositary Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology under the deposit number FERM P-18797. The Cladosporium cladosporioides HAI-0110 strain has not only excellent control activity against gray mold disease but also sclerotium disease, and various chemical bactericidal agents such as benzimidazole / thiophanate fungicides. They have found that they have resistance to agents and have completed the present invention.

That is, the present invention comprises a plant disease controlling composition (claim 1) characterized by containing a microorganism belonging to the genus Cladosporium (claim 1) and a microorganism belonging to the genus Cladosporium. Is a microorganism having a plant disease control ability and resistance to a fungicide, and the plant disease control agent composition according to claim 1 (claim 2) or the genus Cladosporiu (Cladosporiu).
The microorganism belonging to m) is a microorganism belonging to C. cladosporioides (C. cladosporioides), the plant disease controlling composition according to claim 1 (claim 3), or cladspo A microorganism belonging to C. cladosporioides is C. cladosporioides.
des) HAI-0110 strain, the plant disease controlling agent composition (claim 4) according to claim 3 or the plant disease controlling agent is a gray mold controlling agent and / or a sclerotia controlling agent. The plant disease controlling composition according to any one of claims 1 to 4 (claim 5), and claims 1 to 5
A plant disease control method (claim 6), which comprises treating a plant and / or soil with the plant disease control agent composition according to any one of (1) to (5), and has plant disease control ability and sterilization. C. cladosporioides (Claim 7) characterized by having resistance to the agent (claim 7) and plant disease control ability are gray mold control ability and / or sclerotial disease control ability 8. The C. clad according to claim 7, characterized in that
osporioides (claim 8) and C. cladosporioides HAI-0.
110 strains (claim 9).

[0012]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION The plant disease controlling agent composition of the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it is a composition containing a microorganism belonging to the genus Cladosporium. Is preferably a microorganism having plant disease control ability and resistance to a bactericide. Examples of such microorganisms belonging to the genus Cladosporium include Cladosporium cladosporioides, and more specifically, the Cladosporium cladosporioides HAI-0110 strain can be mentioned. Moreover, the plant disease controlling composition of the present invention can be used particularly advantageously against gray mold and sclerotia.

In the production of the plant disease controlling agent composition of the present invention, cells obtained by growing a microorganism belonging to the genus Cladosporium by known means such as solid culture or liquid culture can be used. Microorganisms belonging to the genus Cladosporium are
For example, it can be obtained by screening from microorganisms that are resident in the flower organs of kidney bean, and as a method for growing such microorganisms, any method can be used as long as it is a method in which cells are grown, particularly regardless of the type of culture medium or culture conditions. However, for example, in the case of solid culture, potato dextrose agar medium,
Static culture at 25 ° C in Czapek Dox agar medium, malt agar medium, standard agar medium, etc., in the case of liquid culture, at 25 ° C in potato dextrose liquid medium, Czapek Dox liquid medium, malt liquid medium, standard liquid medium, etc. Shaking culture can be mentioned. In addition, as the usage form of the bacterial cells,
In addition to the bacterial cells themselves, any form such as a suspension or a culture solution thereof, a concentrate thereof, a paste, a dried product, a diluted product, or the like can be applied.

The concentration of the bacteria belonging to the genus Cladosporium in the disease controlling composition of the present invention is not particularly limited, but it is converted into the concentration of conidia when diluted 1000 to 2000 times. 1 × 10 ¹⁰ to 1 × 10 ³ cf
u / ml, preferably 1 × 10 ⁸ to 1 × 10 ⁴ cfu / m
The range is l. Further, the disease controlling composition of the present invention can be mixed with a commonly used carrier, surfactant, dispersant, auxiliary agent, and the like, and its form is a form that can be taken by a general pesticide, for example, powder. , Wettable powders, emulsions, flowables, granules and the like can be adopted.

Examples of the carrier include solid carriers such as diatomaceous earth, clay, talc, bentonite, white carbon, kaolin, vermiculite, slaked lime, silica sand, ammonium sulfate and urea. Examples of the surfactant and the dispersant include polyoxyethylene-added alkyl phenyl ether, polyoxyethylene-added alkyl ether, polyoxyethylene-added higher fatty acid ester, and polyoxyethylene-added sorbitan higher fatty acid ester. , Nonionic surfactants such as polyoxyethylene-added tristyryl phenyl ethers, polyoxyethylene-added alkyl phenyl ether sulfates, alkylbenzene sulfonic acid metal salts, higher alcohol sulfates, alkylnaphthalene sulfones Ionic surfactants such as sodium acidate, sodium lignin sulfonate, formaldehyde condensate of sodium alkylnaphthalene sulfonate, isobutylene-maleic anhydride copolymer, and dispersants It can be mentioned. Further, as the auxiliary agent, for example, carboxymethyl cellulose, polyethylene glycol,
Examples thereof include gum arabic, starch, lactose and the like.

To produce the disease controlling composition of the present invention as an emulsion, a suspension prepared by mixing the collected and dried conidia of the genus Cladosporium into an organic solvent containing a surfactant is used. It can be performed by preparing. As such a surfactant, any one can be applied as long as it does not inhibit germination and growth of fungal spores, and specifically, polyoxyethylene sorbitan monolaurate, polyoxyethylene glycol mono Examples thereof include laurate and polyethylene glycol monooleate, and these may be used alone or in combination of two or more. Examples of the organic solvent include soybean oil, rapeseed oil, castor oil, cottonseed oil, palm oil, vegetable oil such as safflower oil, spindle oil, heavy white oil, light white oil, mineral spirits, mineral terpene, naphthene oil, and paraffin. oil,
Mineral oils such as machine oils for agricultural chemicals, silicone oils and the like can be mentioned, and these can be used alone or in combination of two or more.

The method for controlling plant diseases according to the present invention comprises:
Control plant diseases using Ming plant composition for controlling plant diseases
The method is not particularly limited as long as it is a method of the present invention.
The plant disease control agent composition is treated with various agricultural chemicals in the same manner as ordinary chemical pesticides.
Examples include methods of spraying plants such as horticultural crops and soil
You can In the spraying treatment, the plant of the present invention
The disease controlling composition should be diluted with an appropriate amount of water before use.
And the amount of spraying belongs to the genus Cladosporium
Converted to the conidia concentration of the fungus, usually 1 × 10 ^Ten~ 1x
10³cfu / ml, preferably 1 × 10⁸~ 1 x 10^Four
It is in the range of cfu / ml.

The present invention also has a plant disease control ability and a fungicide-resistant Cladosporium cladsporioides, particularly gray mold control ability and / or sclerotia control ability, Moreover, Cladosporium cladsporioides which has resistance to various fungicides such as benzimidazole and thiophanate fungicides, and more specifically, Cladosporium cladsporioides HAI-0110 strain (F
ERM P-18797). These microorganisms themselves can be advantageously used for producing the above-mentioned plant disease controlling composition.

[0019]

EXAMPLES Hereinafter, the plant disease controlling composition of the present invention and the plant disease controlling method using the same will be specifically described by way of examples, but the present invention is not limited to the following examples. In addition, the type of bacteria of the genus Cladosporium, the composition ratio of the preparation, the dosage form and the like can be freely changed without departing from the spirit of the present invention. In addition, in the following Examples, the Cladosporium cladesporioides HAI-0110 strain (FERM P-18
797) was used.

Example 1: Preparation of conidial suspension of Cladosporium spp. In a 300 ml Erlenmeyer flask, a medium for sporulation (0.4 w
/ V% potato extract, 1% glucose, pH 6.0) 1
Put 50 ml, heat sterilize, and preculture 10 m of Cladsporium cladsporioides HAI-0110 strain
1 and inoculated in a rotary shaker at 25 ° C., 250 rpm, 72
Incubated for hours. The operation of washing the culture solution with distilled water or a buffer solution was repeated 3 times, and finally 1 × 10 ⁹ cfu / m
A conidial suspension of Cladosporium sp.

Example 2: Plant disease controlling composition (powder)
Of 2 parts by weight of conidiospore of Cladosporium spp. (1 × 10 ⁹ cfu / ml) prepared in Example 1, 1 part by weight of diatomaceous earth and 1 part by weight of clay were uniformly mixed and dried. After that, it was pulverized to obtain Dust A.

Example 3: Preparation of plant disease controlling composition (wettable powder) 1 part by weight of Cladosporium genus conidial suspension (1 × 10 ⁹ cfu / ml) prepared in Example 1 The spore pellet and 1 part by weight of an aqueous solution containing 10% by weight of skim milk and 1% by weight of sodium glutamate were uniformly mixed, frozen, and then dried to obtain a wettable powder B.

Example 4: Plant disease controlling composition (powder)
Pest control effect test (Eggplant strain) The powder A obtained in Example 2 was diluted 1000 times with tap water to prepare a treatment liquid. 200 liters of the treatment liquid to eggplant strain
The amount of water was / 10a. The seedlings were sprayed twice on the same eggplant strain, and 4 days after the first spraying and 8 days after the second spraying, the healthy fruit number and the diseased fruit number of the eggplant strain were examined. In addition, the case of non-spreading (no treatment) was used as a control. The control effect test was carried out twice in total by changing the field. Table 1 shows the results of the investigation 4 days after the first application, and Table 2 shows the results of the investigation 8 days after the second application. In the table, the average fruiting rate is the average of the two diseased fruit rates (the ratio of the number of diseased young fruits with gray mold disease to the total number of young fruits), and the control value is the formula [(no [Average diseased fruit rate after treatment-average diseased fruit rate after treatment) / average diseased fruit rate (%) without treatment]. As is clear from Table 1 and Table 2, it was confirmed that Cladosporium cladosporioides has a control effect against gray mold of eggplant.

[0024]

[Table 1]

[0025]

[Table 2]

Example 5: Plant disease controlling composition (powder)
Pest control effect test (strawberry strain) The powder A obtained in Example 2 was diluted 1000 times with tap water to prepare a treatment liquid. The processing liquid is added to the strawberry strain for 200
The amount of water was L / 10a. Spray 1 to the same strawberry strain
The number of healthy young fruits and the number of diseased young fruits of the strawberry strains were investigated 7 days after the third application, at three weekly intervals. In addition, the case of non-spreading (no treatment) was used as a control. The control effect test was carried out twice in total by changing the field. The survey results are shown in Table 3. In the table, the average fruiting rate is the average of the two diseased fruit rates (the ratio of the number of diseased young fruits with gray mold disease to the total number of young fruits). [Average diseased fruit rate after treatment-average diseased fruit rate after treatment) / average diseased fruit rate (%) without treatment]. As is clear from Table 3, it was confirmed that Cladosporium cladosporioides has a controlling effect against gray mold of strawberry.

[0027]

[Table 3]

Example 6: Antibacterial test for various fungicides Benomyl (manufactured by DuPont) having a broad disease control spectrum as a fungicide, and procymidone (procymidone, manufactured by Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd.), which is a special agent for controlling gray mold. ) Was added to the potato dextrose agar medium (manufactured by Nippon Suisan Kaisha, Ltd.) to which 0.1, 1.0, and 100 ppm were added, respectively, and cladsporium-cladsporioides-containing agar was placed on the plate. After statically culturing this at 25 ° C. in the dark for 5 days, the amount of hyphal elongation (mm) was measured to determine the hyphal elongation inhibition rate. As a comparative example, Botrytis cinerea, which is a Botrytis cinerea, was used. The results are shown in Table 4.
Shown in. As is clear from Table 4, benomyl and procymidone showed 100% antibacterial activity at 0.1 and 1.0 ppm against the control microorganism Botrytis cinere. However, for Cladsporium cladsporioides, benomyl was 9.7 even at 100 ppm.
%, Procymidone was 33.3% and showed almost no antibacterial activity. From these, it was shown that the plant disease controlling composition of the present invention can be mixed with a fungicide such as benomyl or procymidone or can be systematically controlled.

[0029]

[Table 4]

[0030]

Industrial Applicability The plant disease controlling composition of the present invention has a constant and excellent controlling ability against various plant diseases such as various agricultural and horticultural crops, especially against gray mold and sclerotia. It has resistance to chemical bactericides, can be mixed with these bactericides or can be systematically controlled, and by containing such microorganisms, it retains disease control ability for a long period of time, and various benzimidazole / thiophanate bactericides, etc. The disease control ability can be maintained even when used in combination with a chemical fungicide, and the plant disease control method of the present invention using the plant disease control agent composition provides various plant disease control agent compositions. It is possible to effectively control plant diseases, particularly gray mold and sclerotium, by spraying on plants such as crops or soil.

Claims (9)

[Claims] 1. A plant disease control composition comprising a microorganism belonging to the genus Cladosporium. 2. The plant disease controlling agent composition according to claim 1, wherein the microorganism belonging to the genus Cladosporium has a plant disease controlling ability and is resistant to a fungicide. object. 3. The plant disease controlling agent composition according to claim 1, wherein the microorganism belonging to the genus Cladosporium is a microorganism belonging to C. cladosporioides. object. 4. A microorganism belonging to C. cladosporioides is C. cladosporioides.
s) HAI-0110 strain, The composition for controlling plant diseases according to claim 3, which is characterized in that 5. The plant disease control agent is a gray mold control agent and / or a sclerotia control agent.
4. The plant disease controlling agent composition according to any one of 4 to 4. 6. A method for controlling plant diseases, which comprises treating plants and / or soil with the composition for controlling plant diseases according to any one of claims 1 to 5. 7. C. cladosporioides, which has the ability to control plant diseases and is resistant to fungicides. 8. The plant disease control ability is a gray mold control ability and / or a sclerotia control ability.
Cladsporium and Cladsporioides (C.cl
adosporioides). 9. A C. cladosporioides HAI-0110 strain.