JP4359943B2 - Antibacterial agent, antibacterial agent composition, and transparent resin composition having antibacterial properties - Google Patents

Antibacterial agent, antibacterial agent composition, and transparent resin composition having antibacterial properties Download PDF

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JP4359943B2
JP4359943B2 JP13274198A JP13274198A JP4359943B2 JP 4359943 B2 JP4359943 B2 JP 4359943B2 JP 13274198 A JP13274198 A JP 13274198A JP 13274198 A JP13274198 A JP 13274198A JP 4359943 B2 JP4359943 B2 JP 4359943B2
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antibacterial
antibacterial agent
resin
glass
composition
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JPH11193205A (en
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則幸 山本
晃治 杉浦
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Toagosei Co Ltd
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Toagosei Co Ltd
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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は酸化亜鉛を高濃度で含有するガラスからなる抗菌剤、前記抗菌剤と銀系無機抗菌剤を含有する抗菌剤組成物及び前記抗菌剤と透明性樹脂を含有する抗菌性を有する透明性樹脂組成物に関する。
本発明の抗菌剤又は抗菌剤組成物は、加工時、保存時及び使用時に経時的に変色が極めて少なく、且つ安定して抗菌効果を示し、各種高分子化合物に配合して、防かび性、防藻性及び抗菌性を有する抗菌性樹脂組成物とし、これを加工して繊維製品、塗料製品、成形製品等に使用可能なものである。
本発明の抗菌性を有する透明性樹脂組成物は、透明性樹脂の透明性を殆ど損なうことなく、かつ加工時、保存時及び使用時に経時的に変色が極めて少なく、安定して抗菌効果を示す抗菌性透明性樹脂組成物に関するものであり、防かび性、防藻性及び抗菌性を必要とする透明性プラスチック製品等に使用することが可能なものである。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
従来から無機系の抗菌剤として、銀や銅等の抗菌性金属を活性炭、アパタイト、ゼオライト、ガラス、リン酸ジルコニウム、シリカゲル等に担持させたものが知られている。これらは有機系の抗菌剤と比較して安全性が高いうえ、揮発及び分解しないため抗菌効果の持続性が長く、しかも耐熱性にすぐれる特徴を有している。そのため、これらの抗菌剤と各種高分子化合物とを混合することにより抗菌性樹脂組成物とし、これを用いて繊維状、フィルム状又は各種成形体等に加工し、各種用途に用いられている。
【0003】
中でも、銀、銅又は亜鉛等の抗菌性金属を含有させたガラスからなる抗菌剤は、粒度、屈折率及び抗菌性金属の溶出性等を目的に応じて容易に制御することができる特性を活かし、各種樹脂組成物に配合され、利用されている。
【0004】
例えば、銀を含有するガラスからなる抗菌剤として特公平4−74453号が提案され、亜鉛を含有するガラスからなる抗菌剤として特開平7−257938号が提案されている。
しかし、従来の銀含有ガラスからなる抗菌剤は、抗菌効果が高い利点を有する反面、樹脂に練り込み加工する際の熱や樹脂加工後の紫外線暴露等の影響で、樹脂加工製品が変色したり、樹脂自体が変質する等の劣化が起こり、樹脂加工製品の本来の優れた特性を損なうことが多いという問題があった。
また、銅含有ガラスからなる抗菌剤は、青く着色しており、樹脂に練り込み加工した際に樹脂加工製品をも着色してしまうため、白色・淡色製品への使用が困難であり、各種色彩に色合わせをする際にも支障をきたす等により使用範囲が限定される問題があった。
さらにまた、銅または亜鉛を含有するガラスからなる抗菌剤は、銀を含有するガラスと比較して抗菌性が低いため、樹脂組成物において抗菌効果を十分発揮させようとすると、樹脂への添加量を多くせざるを得ず、本来の樹脂物性を低下させてしまう問題があった。
【0005】
これらの問題を解決するために、P25:40〜55モル%、ZnO:35〜45モル%、Al23:5〜15モル%、B23:1〜10モル%のガラスからなる抗菌剤100重量部に対して、Ag2Oを0.01〜1.0重量%含有する抗菌剤が提案されている(特開平8−175843号)。しかし、この抗菌剤において十分な抗菌性を発揮させるには、Ag2Oの含有割合を大きくする必要があり、そうすると銀イオンに起因する変色が無視できない水準となる。また、前記のガラスからなる抗菌剤は、抗菌性金属(Zn)の溶出速度が大きく、初期の抗菌性は高いが、抗菌効果の持続性が十分ではない。更に又、前記のガラスからなる抗菌剤の耐水性が低いため、これを練り込み加工した抗菌性樹脂成形品は温水により白化或いは変形したり、加工時の熱で黄変することがある。
又、従来技術の問題として、無機系抗菌剤をポリスチレン樹脂や、ポリカーボネート樹脂等の透明樹脂に添加すると透明性が著しく低下するため、使用できないという問題がある。
【0006】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明は、樹脂に配合して優れた抗菌性を発揮することができると共に耐変色性、耐水性に優れたガラスからなる抗菌剤、これを含有する抗菌剤組成物及び抗菌剤を配合しても透明性を失わない抗菌性樹脂組成物を提供することを課題とするものである。
【0007】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明者らは、上記の課題を解決するために鋭意検討した結果、ZnOを極めて高濃度で含有させ、逆にアルカリ金属酸化物の含有割合を極めて低濃度としたホウ酸塩系及び/又はリン酸塩系ガラスは水溶解性が極めて小さく、このガラスは上記の課題を悉く解消する優れたものであることを見出し、本発明を完成するに至った。
即ち、本発明は、ZnOを50〜80モル%、B23及び/又はP25を20〜50モル%含有し、アルカリ金属酸化物の含有割合が0〜1モル%であることを特徴とするガラスからなる抗菌剤、前記の抗菌剤30〜95重量%と銀系無機抗菌剤5〜70重量%からなることを特徴とする抗菌剤組成物及び前記の抗菌剤又は前記抗菌剤組成物と透明性樹脂からなる抗菌性を有する透明性樹脂組成物である。
【0008】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、本発明について詳細に説明する。
○抗菌剤
本発明の抗菌剤は、ZnOを50〜80モル%、B23及び/又はP25を20〜50モル%含有し、アルカリ金属酸化物の含有割合が0〜1モル%であるガラスからなる。
好ましいZnOの含有割合は、55〜75モル%であり、より好ましくは、60〜70モル%である。ZnOを80モル%より多く配合すると、安定してガラス化させにくいという問題があり、50モル%未満では本発明のガラスの抗菌性が不十分となる。
23又はP25の好ましい含有割合は、25〜45モル%であり、より好ましくは30〜40モル%である。B23又はP25を50モル%より多く配合すると、本発明のガラスからなる抗菌剤の水溶解性が大きくなってしまい、本発明におけるガラスが有する優れた抗菌性、耐変色性及び耐水性が損なわれるという問題があり、20モル%未満では安定してガラス化させにくいという問題がある。
本発明の抗菌剤において、アルカリ金属酸化物の含有割合は0〜1モル%であり、このことは本発明の抗菌剤において優れた抗菌性、耐変色性及び耐水性を発揮させる上で極めて重要である。即ち、アルカリ金属酸化物の含有割合が1モル%より大きいと、本発明におけるガラスの水溶解性は極めて大きくなってしまい、本発明の抗菌剤における持続性のある抗菌性、耐変色性及び耐水性が損なわれてしまう。
【0009】
本発明における必須のガラス形成成分は、B23又はP25であるが、所望によりその他のガラス形成成分を追加することができる。その他のガラス形成成分の好ましい例として、SiO2、Al23、TiO2及びZrO2等がある。その他のガラス形成成分の好ましい含有割合は、20モル%以下であり、より好ましくは15モル%以下である。
又、所望により、MgO、CaO及びCaF2等を適宜含有させることができる。これらの所謂「修飾成分」は、ガラスの溶融や成形性を容易にするのに有効であるが、多量に含有させると、ガラスの耐水性が低下する恐れがあるので、多くとも3モル%以下とするのが好ましく、より好ましくは1モル%以下である。
【0010】
本発明の抗菌剤を樹脂に配合する際、通常粉末状とし、一般的には平均粒径で20μm以下のものが樹脂への分散加工上好ましく、繊維製品や塗料、フィルム等に加工する場合には、物性低下を生じさせないために平均粒径5μm以下、最大粒径20μm以下のものが好ましい。
【0011】
本発明の抗菌剤を製造する方法に制限はなく、既知の製造方法を採用できる。一般には、ガラスの原料調合物を溶融釜で1000〜2000℃で溶解した後、溶解物を急冷して、ガラスを調製後、得られた塊状ガラスを粉砕することにより粉末状のガラスを容易に得ることができる。
【0012】
本発明の抗菌剤は、従来と比較して格段に優れた抗菌性を発揮させるために、酸化亜鉛(融点:約2000℃)の濃度が従来の抗菌剤に比較して高いので、ガラス化が難しいと考えられるかもしれないが、これは思い過ごしである。酸化亜鉛自体はガラスの網目を形成する能力を有しているので、適当な溶融温度で溶解し、溶融物の冷却特性に合った急冷手段を用いれば、本発明における任意の組成を有するガラスを容易に得ることができる。
【0013】
急冷効果を高めるには、溶解物と冷却体との接触面積を大きくすることが有効であり、例えば水等の冷媒で冷却された2個の回転する金属ローラー間にガラスの溶解物を高速で通すことにより、極めて大きな冷却効果が得られ、この冷却方法を用いれば、ガラス化は極めて容易である。又、この方法により冷却すると、ローラー間から出たガラスは薄い板状に成形されているので、粉末状に粉砕することも極めて容易に行うことができる。
【0014】
○銀系無機抗菌剤
本発明の抗菌剤は、銀系無機抗菌剤を併用すると、その抗菌性を一層高めることができる。これはガラス中の亜鉛イオンと銀系無機抗菌剤中の銀イオンの2種の異なる抗菌成分による相乗効果が得られるためである。
また、抗菌剤は、その耐変色防止効果が極めて優れているので、銀系無機抗菌剤を併用することで樹脂製品の着色、変色が起こることはない。
【0015】
本発明における銀系無機抗菌剤は、銀を担持させた無機化合物であれば特に制限はなく、銀イオンを担持させる無機化合物としては、例えば以下のものがある。
即ち、活性炭、活性アルミナ、シリカゲル等の無機系吸着剤、ゼオライト、リン酸カルシウム、リン酸ジルコニウム、リン酸チタン、チタン酸カリウム、含水酸化ビスマス、含水酸化ジルコニウム、ハイドロタルサイト等の無機イオン交換体がある。
【0016】
これらの無機化合物に銀イオンを担持させる方法には特に制限はなく、今までに知られた担持方法はいずれも採用でき、例えば物理吸着または化学吸着により担持させる方法、イオン交換反応により担持させる方法、結合剤により担持させる方法、抗菌性金属化合物を無機化合物に打ち込むことにより担持させる方法、蒸着、溶解析出反応、スパッタ等の薄膜形成法により無機化合物の表面に抗菌性金属化合物の薄層を形成させることにより担持させる方法がある。
【0017】
上記の無機化合物の中で、無機イオン交換体は銀イオンを強固に担持できることから好ましく、特に下記一般式〔1〕で示されるリン酸ジルコニウム塩からなる銀系無機抗菌剤は好ましいものである。
【0018】
【化1】

Figure 0004359943
【0019】
(Aはアルカリ金属イオン、アルカリ土類金属イオン、アンモニウムイオンまたは水素イオンから選ばれる少なくとも1種のイオンであり、Mは4価金属であり、nは0≦n≦6を満たす数であり、a 及びbはいずれも正数である。但し、mはAの価数である。)
【0020】
上記一般式〔1〕で示される化合物(以下、単に化合物〔1〕という)は、アモルファス又は空間群R3Cに属する結晶性化合物であり、各構成イオンが3次元網目状構造を作る化合物を表し、日光に暴露したときの変色が少ないことから、3次元網目状構造を有する結晶性化合物が好ましい。
上記一般式〔1〕におけるAは、アルカリ金属イオン、アルカリ土類金属イオン、アンモニウムイオンまたは水素イオンから選ばれる少なくとも1種のイオンであり、好ましい具体例には、リチウム、ナトリウム及びカリウム等のアルカリ金属イオン、マグネシウム又はカルシウム等のアルカリ土類金属イオンまたは水素イオンがあり、これらの中では、化合物の安定性及び安価に入手できる点からカリウム、ナトリウム、アンモニウムイオン及び水素イオンが好ましいイオンである。
【0021】
上記一般式〔1〕におけるMは、4価金属であり、好ましい具体例には、ジルコニウム、チタン又は錫があり、化合物の安全性を考慮すると、ジルコニウム及びチタンは、特に好ましい4価金属である。
【0022】
防かび、抗菌性及び防藻性を発揮させるには、一般式〔1〕におけるaの値は大きい方がよいが、aの値が0.001以上であれば、充分に防かび、抗菌性及 び防藻性を発揮させることができる。しかし、aの値が0.001未満であると 、防かび、抗菌性及び防藻性を長時間発揮させることが困難となる恐れがあるので、aの値を0.05以上の値とすることが好ましい。又、経済性を考慮すると 、aの値は0.7以下が適当である。
【0023】
化合物〔1〕で表わされる銀系無機抗菌剤の好ましい具体例として、以下のものがある。
Ag0.005Li0.995Zr2(PO4)3
Ag0.01(NH4)0.99Zr2(PO4)3
Ag0.05Na0.95Zr2(PO4)3
Ag0.2K0.8Ti2(PO4)3
Ag0.1H0.9Zr2(PO4)3
Ag0.5H0.25Na0.25Zr2(PO4)3
Ag0.9Na0.1Zr2(PO4)3
【0024】
上記の化合物〔1〕で表わされる銀系無機抗菌剤を合成する方法には、焼成法、湿式法及び水熱法等があり、公知の製造方法により容易に得ることができる。
【0025】
また、抗菌性及び耐候性が極めて優れた銀系無機抗菌剤は、上記化合物〔1〕に、水素イオンを担持させて焼成したものである。
好ましい焼成温度は500〜1300℃であり、より好ましくは600〜1000℃であり、更に好ましくは700〜900℃である。500℃未満の温度で焼成すると、上記の銀系無機抗菌剤の化学的及び物理的安定性を向上させることが不十分であり、1300℃以上で焼成すると抗菌性が低下する、あるいは微粒子状同士が融着し、微粒子状の抗菌剤を得られなくなる恐れがある。焼成時間に特に制限はなく、通常1〜20時間の焼成により充分な効果が得られる。
【0026】
○抗菌剤と銀系無機抗菌剤の配合割合
本発明の抗菌剤組成物における抗菌剤と銀系無機抗菌剤の配合割合は、これらの合計重量に対し、銀系無機抗菌剤が5〜70重量%であり、より好ましくは10〜50重量%である。銀系無機抗菌剤が5重量%未満では抗菌剤の抗菌性向上に対する効果が低く、70重量%より多くしても、抗菌剤との併用効果の大きな向上が望めず、一方樹脂に練り込み加工した際に、銀系無機抗菌剤による変色が起こる可能性がある。
【0027】
また、本発明の抗菌剤には、銀系無機抗菌剤以外に、樹脂への練り込み加工性やその他の物性を改善するために、必要に応じて種々の他の添加剤を混合することもできる。具体例としては顔料、染料、酸化防止剤、耐光安定剤、難燃剤、帯電防止剤、発泡剤、耐衝撃強化剤、ガラス繊維、金属石鹸、防湿剤及び増量剤、カップリング剤、流動性改良剤、消臭剤、木粉、防汚剤、防錆剤などがある。また、有機系抗菌・防カビ剤をさらに添加することにより、効果の速効性、防かび効果向上をはかることもできる。
【0028】
有機系抗菌防カビ化合物の好ましい例として、第4アンモニウム塩系化合物、脂肪酸エステル系化合物、ビグアナイド類化合物、ブロノポ−ル、フェノ−ル系化合物、アニリド系化合物、ヨウ素系化合物、イミダゾ−ル系化合物、チアゾ−ル系化合物、イソチアゾロン系化合物、トリアジン系化合物、ニトリル系化合物、フッ素系化合物、キトサン、トロポロン系化合物及び有機金属系化合物(ジンクピリチオン、OBPA)等がある。
【0029】
○抗菌剤組成物の調製方法
本発明の抗菌剤と銀系無機抗菌剤の混合方法は特に制限はない。例えば、ヘンシェルミキサ−を用いての混合が挙げられ、混合条件は混合量により適宜、回転数(800〜3000rpm)と混合時間(数分〜数十分)のみで調整を行えばよく、常温常圧で行うことが可能である。
【0030】
○樹脂
本発明の抗菌剤又は抗菌剤組成物を樹脂と配合することにより抗菌性樹脂組成物を容易に得ることができる。用いることができる樹脂の種類に制限はなく、天然樹脂、合成樹脂、半合成樹脂のいずれであってもよく、熱可塑性樹脂、熱硬化性樹脂のいずれであってもよい。具体的な樹脂としては成形用樹脂、繊維用樹脂、ゴム状樹脂のいずれであってもよく、例えば、ポリエチレン、ポリプロピレン、塩化ビニル、ABS樹脂、AS樹脂、ナイロン樹脂、ポリエステル、ポリ塩化ビニリデン、ポリスチレン、ポリアセタ−ル、ポリカ−ボネイト、PBT、アクリル樹脂、フッ素樹脂、ポリウレタンエラストマ−、ポリエステルエラストマ−、メラミン、ユリア樹脂、四フッ化エチレン樹脂、不飽和ポリエステル樹脂、ポリエチレン、ポリプロピレン、レ−ヨン、アセテ−ト、アクリル、ポリビニルアルコ−ル、キュプラ、トリアセテ−ト、ビニリデン等の繊維用樹脂、天然ゴム、シリコ−ンゴム、スチレンブタジエンゴム、エチレンプロピレンゴム、フッ素ゴム、ニトリルゴム、クロルスルホン化ポリエチレンゴム、ブタジエンゴム、合成天然ゴム、ブチルゴム、ウレタンゴムおよびアクリルゴム等のゴム状樹脂がある。
【0031】
○透明性樹脂
上記に説明した各種の樹脂の中でも特に透明性樹脂を用いて、本発明の抗菌剤又は抗菌剤組成物と配合することにより、抗菌性を有する透明性樹脂組成物を容易に得ることができる。
本発明における透明性樹脂は、透明性を有するであればいずれでもよく、また、熱可塑性、熱硬化性のいずれであってもよい。好ましい透明性樹脂は1.4〜1.8の屈折率を有するものであり、具体的な樹脂としては、ポリエチレン、ポリプロピレン、ポリ塩化ビニル、ABS樹脂、AS樹脂、ナイロン樹脂、ポリエステル、ポリ塩化ビニリデン、ポリスチレン、ポリカ−ボネイト、PBT、アクリル樹脂、ポポリエステルエラストマ−、メラミン、ユリア樹脂、不飽和ポリエステル樹脂等がある。
【0032】
抗菌剤又は抗菌剤組成物の抗菌性樹脂組成物における好ましい配合割合は、樹脂が透明性樹脂であるか否かを問わず、同様に調整すればよく、抗菌性樹脂組成物100重量部に対して0.01〜10重量部、より好ましくは0.1〜5重量部である。0.01部より少ないと抗菌性樹脂組成物の抗菌性が不充分となる恐れがあり、一方10部より多く配合しても抗菌効果の向上がほとんどない。また、マスタ−バッチのような中間製品を作製する場合の好ましい割合は抗菌性樹脂組成物(マスタ−バッチ)100重量部に対して10〜200重量部、より好ましくは10〜40重量部である。
【0033】
抗菌剤又は抗菌剤組成物を樹脂へ配合する方法は公知の方法をどれも採用できる。例えば、▲1▼抗菌剤又は抗菌剤組成物の粉末を添着剤や分散剤を使用し、ペレット状樹脂またはパウダー状樹脂とミキサーで直接混合する方法、▲2▼前記のようにして混合して、押し出し成形機にてペレット状に成形した後、その成形物をペレット状樹脂に配合する方法、▲3▼抗菌剤又は抗菌剤組成物をワックスを用いて高濃度でペレット状に成形後、その成形物をペレット状樹脂に配合する方法、▲4▼抗菌剤又は抗菌剤組成物をポリオ−ル等の高粘度の液状物に分散混合したペ−スト状組成物をペレット状樹脂に配合する方法等がある。
【0034】
上記の抗菌性樹脂組成物の成形には、各種樹脂の特性に合わせてあらゆる公知の加工技術と機械が使用可能であり、適当な温度又は圧力で加熱及び加圧又は減圧しながら混合、混入又は混練りの方法によって容易に調製することができ、それらの具体的操作は常法により行えば良く、塊状、スポンジ状、フィルム状、シート状、糸状またはパイプ状或いはこれらの複合体等の種々の形態に成形することができる。
【0035】
この様にして得られた抗菌性樹脂成形体は、その配合成分である抗菌剤又は抗菌剤組成物が優れた抗菌性と耐変色性を有しているため、抗菌剤又は抗菌性組成物と樹脂との混合時、及びその後の抗菌性樹脂組成物の保存時又は使用時に劣化することがない。特に、銀系無機抗菌剤として化合物〔1〕を用いた場合、本発明の抗菌剤と銀系無機抗菌剤を配合した抗菌性樹脂成形体は、厳しい環境下においても長期間防かび、抗菌性及び防藻性を有する。
【0036】
本発明の抗菌剤又は抗菌剤組成物の使用形態には特に制限はなく、用途に応じて適宜他の成分と混合したり、他の材料と複合させることができる。例えば、粉末状、粉末分散液状、粒状、塗料状、繊維状、紙状、フィルム状、エアゾ−ル状等の種々の形態で用いることができる。
【0037】
○用途
本発明の抗菌剤又は抗菌剤組成物を配合した抗菌性樹脂組成物は、防かび、防藻及び抗菌性を必要とされる種々の分野で利用することができる。具体的用途しては、例えば食器洗浄機、食器乾燥機、冷蔵庫、洗濯機、ポット、テレビ、パソコン、CDラジカセ、カメラ、ビデオカメラ、浄水器、炊飯器、野菜カッタ−、レジスタ−、布団乾燥器、FAX、換気扇、エアコンデョナ−等の電化製品、食器、まな板、押し切り、トレ−、箸、旧茶器、魔法瓶、包丁、おたまの柄、フライ返し、弁当箱、しゃもじ、ボ−ル、水切り籠、三角コ−ナ−、タワシいれ、ゴミ籠、水切り袋等の台所用品、シャワ−カ−テン、布団綿、エアコンフィルタ−、パンスト、靴下、おしぼり、シ−ツ、布団側地、枕、手袋、エポロン、カ−テン、オムツ、包帯、マスク、スポ−ツウェア等の繊維製品。化粧板、壁紙、床板、窓用フィルム、取っ手、カ−ペット、マット、人工大理石、手摺、目地、タイル、ワックス等の住宅・建材製品。便座、浴槽、タイル、おまる、汚物いれ、トイレブラシ、風呂蓋、軽石、石鹸容器、風呂椅子、衣類籠、シャワ−、洗面台等のトイレタリィ製品。薬包紙、薬箱、スケッチブック、カルテ、折り紙等の紙製品、人形、ぬいぐるみ、紙粘土、ブロック、パズル等の玩具、靴、鞄、ベルト、時計バンド、内装、椅子、グロ−ブ、吊革等の皮革製品、ボ−ルペン、シャ−プペン、鉛筆、消しゴム、クレヨン、用紙、手帳、フロッピ−ディスク、定規、ポストイット、ホッチキス等の文具、その他にもインソ−ル、化粧容器、タワシ、化粧用パフ、補聴器、楽器、タバコフィルタ−、掃除用粘着紙シ−ト、吊革握り、スポンジ、キッチンタオル、カ−ド、マイク、理容用品、自販機、カミソリ、電話機、体温計、聴診器、スリッパ、衣装ケ−ス、歯ブラシ、砂場の砂、食品包装フィルム、スプレ−等の製品がある。
【0038】
抗菌性を有する透明性樹脂組成物については、防かび、防藻及び抗菌性を必要とされ、かつ透明性が必要な種々の分野で利用することができる。具体的用途しては、例えば食器洗浄機、食器乾燥機、冷蔵庫等の電化製品に用いる透明樹脂部品、食器、弁当箱、水切り袋等の台所用品の用いる透明樹脂部品、かいわれだいこん等の野菜用容器、食品包装フィルム、農業用・工業用フィルム、フロッピーディスクスケース、筆箱等の文房具等の製品がある。
【0039】
【作用】
本発明の抗菌剤が優れた抗菌性、耐変色性及び耐水性を有する機構について以下のように推定される。即ち、本発明におけるガラスは高濃度のZnOを含有し、且つアルカリ金属の含有割合が極めて低濃度であることから、本発明の抗菌剤の水溶解性が極めて小さく、先ず耐水性に優れる。ガラス表面層のZnの溶出が少ないので、ガラス表面層には常に高濃度のZnが存在し、Znによる抗菌性を長期間持続させることができる。また、ガラスの水溶解性が小さいので変色要因となるZnイオンやアルカリ金属イオンの溶出が少なく、耐変色性が優れる。
上記のガラスからなる抗菌剤と銀系無機抗菌剤を併用すると、各々が単独の場合より抗菌性が向上するのは、複数の抗菌性金属を共存させると各金属の相乗効果が発揮されるものと推定される。
【0040】
本発明の抗菌剤又は抗菌剤組成物を透明性樹脂に添加した場合、樹脂組成物が、樹脂の透明性を殆ど損なわないのは、抗菌剤又は抗菌剤組成物の屈折率が樹脂の屈折率と近い値を有しているためである。抗菌剤又は抗菌剤組成物の屈折率は約1.6である。一方、主な透明性樹脂の屈折率は次のようである。ポリカーボネート樹脂が1.59、ポリスチレン樹脂が1.60、AS樹脂が1.57である。
【0041】
【実施例】
以下、本発明を実施例によりさらに具体的に説明する。
参考例1(銀系無機抗菌剤の調製)
硫酸ジルコニウムの水溶液及びリン酸の水溶液をジルコニウムとリンの比が2:3になるように混合することにより沈澱物を生じさせ、水酸化ナトリウムの水溶液を用いてpHを2に調整したのち、水熱状態下で130℃、12時間加熱することにより結晶性リン酸ジルコニウム〔NaZr2(PO4)3〕を得た。
上記で得たリン酸塩系化合物をよく水洗後、硝酸銀及び1Nの硝酸水溶液に添加し、60℃で4時間撹拌した後、充分に水洗、乾燥した。これを焼成炉にて750℃で4時間焼成した後、粉砕することにより銀系無機抗菌剤Ag0.50Na0.23H0.27Zr2(PO4)3を得た。得られた銀系無機抗菌剤は平均粒径が0.92μである白色粉末である。
【0042】
参考例2(ゼオライト系抗菌剤の調製)
参考例1で合成した結晶性リン酸ジルコニウムに代えて、市販のゼオライト4Aを用いた以外は参考例1と同様にして、銀の含有割合が4重量%である抗菌性ゼオライトを得た。
【0043】
実施例1(抗菌剤の調製)
表1に示した組成(試料No.a1,試料No.a2)の原料調合物を1000〜1400℃で溶解してガラスを作製後、得られたガラスをボ−ルミルにて湿式粉砕して平均粒径約10μのガラスからなる抗菌剤を得た。
【0044】
比較例1(抗菌剤の調製)
表1に示した組成(試料No.a3〜No.a7)の原料調合物を用いた以外は実施例1と同様にしてガラスからなる抗菌剤を得た。
【0045】
実施例2(抗菌剤組成物の調製)
参考例1にて調製した銀系無機抗菌剤と試料No.1の抗菌剤又は試料No.2の抗菌剤を表2に示した割合で配合して抗菌剤組成物(試料No.a8〜試料No.a10)を得た。
【0046】
【表1】
Figure 0004359943
【0047】
【表2】
Figure 0004359943
【0048】
試験例1(変色性試験、抗菌性試験及び耐水性試験)
住友化学株式会社製ポリスチレン樹脂(商品名ST850)に対し、抗菌剤(試料No.a1,試料No.a2)又は抗菌剤組成物(試料No.a8〜a10)を0.5重量%配合し、名機製作所株式会社製射出成形機M−50AII−DMを用いて成形温度220℃で射出成形し、11cm×11cm×2mmの抗菌性プレート(試作No.a1,試作No.a2,試作No.a8〜a10)を作製した(但し、各試作番号の抗菌性プレートは試作番号と同じ試料番号の試料を用いたものであり、以下同じ。)。また、射出成形時にシリンダ−内で樹脂組成物を溶融状態で5分間滞留させたものについても成形し、色彩を確認することで変色性評価とした。
【0049】
比較のため、試料No.a3〜a7の抗菌剤0.5重量%のみを成形したもの(試作No.a3〜a7)、参考例1で得られた銀系無機抗菌剤0.5重量%のみを成形したもの(試作No.a11)及びポリスチレン樹脂のみを成形したもの(試作No.a12)を同様に射出成形した。
【0050】
また、作製した各種試作ポリスチレンプレートの抗菌力を、以下の方法により評価した。
被検菌には大腸菌を用い、抗菌性プレートを5cm×5cmに切断し、プレ−ト1枚当りの菌数が105〜106個となるように菌液0.5mlを表面に滴下し、その上から4.5cm×4.5cmのポリエチレン製フィルムを被せ、表面に一様に接触させ、温度35℃、湿度95RH%で24時間保存した。保存開始から0時間後(理論添加菌数)及び24時間保存した後に、菌数測定用培地(SCDLP液体培地)で供試品片上の生残菌を洗い出し、この洗液について、菌数測定用培地普通寒天培地を用いる混釈平板培養法(37℃2日間)により生菌数を測定して、抗菌性プレートの5cm×5cm当りの生菌数に換算した。
上記のようにして得られた抗菌性試験の結果を表3に示した。なお、初発菌数は4.2×105、24時間後のサンプルを用いずに同様の操作を行った対照の菌数は1.7×107であった。
【0051】
さらに樹脂をポリスチレンからポリプロピレン樹脂(グランドポリマ−株式会社製、商品名J105H)に変更した以外は試作No.2〜12と同様にして成形した各種試作ポリプロピレンプレ−トを90℃の温水に1週間浸漬し、浸漬後のプレ−トの外観状態を確認することで耐水性を評価した。
【0052】
【表3】
Figure 0004359943
【0053】
本発明の抗菌剤を配合した抗菌性プレート(試作No.a1,試作No.a2)及び本発明の抗菌剤組成物を配合した抗菌性プレート(試作No.a8〜a10)は抗菌性、変色性、耐水性とも優れた性能を有している。抗菌性プレート(試作No.a8〜a10)は抗菌剤のみを配合した抗菌性プレート(試作No.a2)および銀系無機抗菌剤のみを配合した抗菌性プレート(試作No.a11)より抗菌性が向上し、変色性も損なわれないことが確認された。
【0054】
一方、 ZnOの含有割合は大きいが、アルカリ金属酸化物の含有割合が1モル%より大きいガラスからなる抗菌剤を配合した抗菌性プレート(試作No.a3)は、耐水性に劣り、ZnOの配合モル比の小さいガラスからなる抗菌剤を配合した抗菌性プレート(試作No.a4,a6,a7)は抗菌性、変色性、耐水性ともに劣る結果となった。また、亜鉛と共に銀を含有させたガラスからなる抗菌剤を配合した抗菌性プレート(試作No.a5)は抗菌効果には優れるが、変色性、耐水性に劣る結果となった。
【0055】
実施例3(抗菌剤の調製)
下記表4示した組成(試料No.b1,試料No.b2)の原料調合物を1000〜1400℃で溶解してガラスを作製後、得られたガラスをボ−ルミルにて湿式粉砕して平均粒径約10μのガラスからなる抗菌剤を得た。
【0056】
比較例2(抗菌剤の調製)
下記表4に示した組成(試料No.b3〜No.b5)の原料調合物を用いた以外は実施例3と同様にして抗菌剤を調製した。
【0057】
実施例4(抗菌剤組成物の調製)
参考例1にて調製した銀系無機抗菌剤と試料No.b1の抗菌剤又は試料No.b2の抗菌剤を表5に示した割合で配合して抗菌剤組成物(試料No.b6〜試料No.b9)を得た。
【0058】
【表4】
Figure 0004359943
【0059】
【表5】
Figure 0004359943
【0060】
試験例2(変色性試験、抗菌性試験及び耐水性試験)
実施例2,3及び比較例2で調製した抗菌剤又は抗菌剤組成物を用いた以外は試験例1と同様にして抗菌性プレートを作製し、変色性試験、抗菌性試験及び耐水性試験を行った。これらの試験結果を下記表6に示した。
【0061】
【表6】
Figure 0004359943
【0062】
本発明の抗菌剤又は抗菌剤組成物を配合した抗菌性プレート(試作No.b1,b2、b6〜b9)は抗菌性、変色性、耐水性とも優れた性能を有しており、銀系無機抗菌剤のみを配合した抗菌性プレート(試作No.b10)より抗菌性が向上し、変色性も損なわれないことが確認された。
【0063】
一方、 ZnOの含有割合は大きいが、アルカリ金属酸化物の含有割合が1モル%より大きいガラスからなる抗菌剤を配合した抗菌性プレート(試作No.b5)は、変色性、耐水性に劣り、ZnOの配合モル比の小さいガラスからなる抗菌剤を配合した抗菌性プレート(試作No.b3)は抗菌性、変色性、耐水性ともに劣る結果となった。また、亜鉛と共に銀を含有させたガラスからなる抗菌剤を配合した抗菌性プレート(試作No.b4)は抗菌効果には優れるが、変色性、耐水性に劣る結果となった。
【0064】
実施例5(抗菌剤の調製)
下記表4示した組成(試料No.c1〜試料No.c4)の原料調合物を1000〜1400℃で溶解してガラスを作製後、得られたガラスをボ−ルミルにて湿式粉砕して平均粒径約10μのガラスからなる抗菌剤を得た。
【0065】
比較例3(抗菌剤の調製)
下記表4に示した組成(試料No.c5〜試料No.c7)の原料調合物を用いた以外は実施例3と同様にしてガラスからなる抗菌剤を得た。
【0066】
実施例6(抗菌剤組成物の調製)
参考例1にて調製した銀系無機抗菌剤と試料No.c1の抗菌剤又は試料No.c3の抗菌剤を表5に示した割合で配合して抗菌剤組成物(試料No.c8〜試料No.c11)とした。
【0067】
【表7】
Figure 0004359943
【0068】
【表8】
Figure 0004359943
【0069】
試験例3(変色性試験、抗菌性試験及び透明性試験)
実施例4,5及び比較例3で調製した抗菌剤又は抗菌剤組成物を用いた以外は試験例1と同様にして抗菌性プレートを作製し、抗菌性試験を行った。
又、作製した各種試作ポリスチレンプレートの透明性の評価として、色彩色差計(日本電色工業株式会社製SZ−Σ80)を用いてHAZE値を測定した。
【0070】
更に又、射出成形時にシリンダ−内で樹脂組成物を溶融状態で5分間滞留させたものについても成形し、目視で色彩を確認することで変色性評価とした。
上記の試験結果を下記表9に示した。
【0071】
【表9】
Figure 0004359943
【0072】
上記表9から、本発明の抗菌剤又は抗菌剤組成物を配合した抗菌性プレート(試作No.c1〜試作No.c4、及び試作No.c8〜試作No.c11)は抗菌性、透明性、耐変色性とも優れた性能を有していることが確認された。
【0073】
一方、 ZnOの含有割合は大きいが、アルカリ金属酸化物の含有割合が1モル%より大きいガラスからなる抗菌剤を配合した抗菌性プレート(試作No.c5)は、耐変色性に劣り、ZnOの配合モル比の小さいガラスからなる抗菌剤を配合した抗菌性プレート(試作No.c6)は抗菌性に劣る結果となった。また、亜鉛と共に銀を含有させたガラスからなる抗菌剤を配合した抗菌性プレート(試作No.c7)は抗菌効果には優れるが、耐変色性に劣る結果となった。
【0074】
【発明の効果】
本発明の抗菌剤及び抗菌剤組成物は、優れた抗菌性、耐変色性及び耐水性を有しており、抗菌効果を長時間持続させることができる抗菌剤として極めて有用である。
本発明の抗菌剤又は抗菌剤組成物を樹脂に配合した抗菌性樹脂組成物を成形することにより、抗菌性、耐変色性及び耐水性に優れた抗菌性樹脂成形体を容易に得ることができる。
本発明の抗菌性透明樹脂組成物は、優れた抗菌性、透明性、及び耐変色性を有しており、透明性樹脂を使用した透明性及び抗菌性のある成型品の原料として極めて有用である。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to an antibacterial agent comprising a glass containing zinc oxide at a high concentration, an antibacterial agent composition containing the antibacterial agent and a silver-based inorganic antibacterial agent, and an antibacterial transparency containing the antibacterial agent and a transparent resin. The present invention relates to a resin composition.
The antibacterial agent or antibacterial agent composition of the present invention has very little discoloration over time during processing, storage and use, and exhibits an antibacterial effect stably, and is blended with various polymer compounds to prevent mold. The antibacterial and antibacterial resin composition has antibacterial and antibacterial properties, which can be processed and used for fiber products, paint products, molded products, and the like.
The transparent resin composition having antibacterial properties of the present invention exhibits an antibacterial effect stably without substantially impairing the transparency of the transparent resin, and with very little discoloration over time during processing, storage and use. The present invention relates to an antibacterial transparent resin composition, and can be used for transparent plastic products and the like that require antifungal, algal and antibacterial properties.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventionally known inorganic antibacterial agents are those in which an antibacterial metal such as silver or copper is supported on activated carbon, apatite, zeolite, glass, zirconium phosphate, silica gel or the like. These have higher safety compared to organic antibacterial agents, and also have long-lasting antibacterial effects because they do not volatilize or decompose, and also have excellent heat resistance. Therefore, these antibacterial agents and various polymer compounds are mixed to form an antibacterial resin composition, which is processed into a fiber shape, a film shape, or various molded articles and used for various applications.
[0003]
Among them, the antibacterial agent made of glass containing an antibacterial metal such as silver, copper or zinc takes advantage of the characteristics that can easily control the particle size, refractive index, elution property of the antibacterial metal, etc. according to the purpose. It is blended and used in various resin compositions.
[0004]
For example, Japanese Patent Publication No. 4-74453 is proposed as an antibacterial agent made of glass containing silver, and Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 7-257938 is proposed as an antibacterial agent made of glass containing zinc.
However, while antibacterial agents made of conventional silver-containing glass have the advantage of high antibacterial effect, resin processed products may be discolored due to the effects of heat during kneading into resin and exposure to ultraviolet rays after resin processing. However, there has been a problem that deterioration such as deterioration of the resin itself occurs and the original excellent characteristics of the processed resin product are often impaired.
In addition, the antibacterial agent made of copper-containing glass is colored blue, and when it is kneaded into the resin, it also colors the resin processed product, making it difficult to use for white and light colored products. In addition, there is a problem that the range of use is limited due to troubles in color matching.
Furthermore, since the antibacterial agent made of glass containing copper or zinc has a low antibacterial property compared to glass containing silver, the amount added to the resin when the antibacterial effect is sufficiently exerted in the resin composition Therefore, there is a problem that the original resin physical properties are deteriorated.
[0005]
In order to solve these problems, P 2 O Five : 40-55 mol%, ZnO: 35-45 mol%, Al 2 O Three : 5 to 15 mol%, B 2 O Three : 1 to 10 parts by weight of antibacterial agent composed of 10 mol% glass, Ag 2 An antibacterial agent containing 0.01 to 1.0% by weight of O has been proposed (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 8-175743). However, in order to exert sufficient antibacterial properties in this antibacterial agent, Ag 2 It is necessary to increase the content ratio of O, so that discoloration due to silver ions cannot be ignored. In addition, the antibacterial agent made of glass has a high dissolution rate of the antibacterial metal (Zn) and high initial antibacterial property, but the antibacterial effect is not sufficiently durable. Furthermore, since the water resistance of the antibacterial agent made of glass is low, an antibacterial resin molded product kneaded with it may be whitened or deformed by warm water, or yellowed by heat during processing.
Further, as a problem of the prior art, when an inorganic antibacterial agent is added to a transparent resin such as a polystyrene resin or a polycarbonate resin, there is a problem that the transparency is remarkably deteriorated and cannot be used.
[0006]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The present invention can be blended with an antibacterial agent composed of a glass having excellent discoloration resistance and water resistance, an antibacterial agent composition containing the same, and an antibacterial agent, which can exhibit excellent antibacterial properties when blended with a resin. It is an object of the present invention to provide an antibacterial resin composition that does not lose transparency.
[0007]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
As a result of intensive studies to solve the above-mentioned problems, the inventors of the present invention have found that a borate system in which ZnO is contained at a very high concentration, and conversely the content ratio of the alkali metal oxide is extremely low, and / or The phosphate-based glass has extremely low water solubility, and it has been found that this glass is an excellent glass that solves the above-mentioned problems, and the present invention has been completed.
That is, the present invention provides ZnO in an amount of 50 to 80 mol%, B 2 O Three And / or P 2 O Five 20 to 50 mol%, and the alkali metal oxide content is 0 to 1 mol%, an antibacterial agent comprising glass, 30 to 95% by weight of the antibacterial agent, and a silver-based inorganic antibacterial agent An antibacterial agent composition comprising 5 to 70% by weight and a transparent resin composition having antibacterial properties comprising the antibacterial agent or the antibacterial agent composition and a transparent resin.
[0008]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail.
○ Antimicrobial agents
The antibacterial agent of the present invention contains 50-80 mol% ZnO, B 2 O Three And / or P 2 O Five 20 to 50 mol%, and the content of the alkali metal oxide is 0 to 1 mol%.
A preferable content ratio of ZnO is 55 to 75 mol%, and more preferably 60 to 70 mol%. When ZnO is added in an amount of more than 80 mol%, there is a problem that it is difficult to stably vitrify, and when it is less than 50 mol%, the antibacterial property of the glass of the present invention becomes insufficient.
B 2 O Three Or P 2 O Five The preferable content ratio of is 25 to 45 mol%, more preferably 30 to 40 mol%. B 2 O Three Or P 2 O Five If more than 50 mol% is added, the water solubility of the antibacterial agent comprising the glass of the present invention will increase, and the excellent antibacterial properties, discoloration resistance and water resistance of the glass of the present invention will be impaired. There is a problem that if it is less than 20 mol%, it is difficult to vitrify stably.
In the antibacterial agent of the present invention, the content of the alkali metal oxide is 0 to 1 mol%, which is extremely important for exhibiting excellent antibacterial properties, discoloration resistance and water resistance in the antibacterial agent of the present invention. It is. That is, when the content ratio of the alkali metal oxide is larger than 1 mol%, the water solubility of the glass in the present invention becomes extremely large, and the durable antibacterial property, discoloration resistance and water resistance in the antibacterial agent of the present invention. Sexuality will be impaired.
[0009]
The essential glass-forming component in the present invention is B 2 O Three Or P 2 O Five However, other glass forming components can be added if desired. As a preferable example of other glass forming components, SiO 2 , Al 2 O Three TiO 2 And ZrO 2 Etc. The preferable content rate of another glass forming component is 20 mol% or less, More preferably, it is 15 mol% or less.
If desired, MgO, CaO and CaF 2 Etc. can be contained appropriately. These so-called “modifying components” are effective for facilitating the melting and moldability of the glass, but if contained in a large amount, the water resistance of the glass may be lowered. Preferably, it is 1 mol% or less.
[0010]
When blending the antibacterial agent of the present invention into a resin, it is usually powdery, and generally an average particle size of 20 μm or less is preferable for dispersion processing into the resin, and when processing into a fiber product, paint, film, etc. Are preferably those having an average particle size of 5 μm or less and a maximum particle size of 20 μm or less in order not to cause deterioration of physical properties.
[0011]
There is no restriction | limiting in the method of manufacturing the antibacterial agent of this invention, A known manufacturing method is employable. Generally, after melting a glass raw material formulation in a melting kettle at 1000 to 2000 ° C., the melt is rapidly cooled to prepare a glass, and then the powdered glass is easily pulverized by pulverizing the obtained bulk glass. Obtainable.
[0012]
The antibacterial agent of the present invention has a higher concentration of zinc oxide (melting point: about 2000 ° C.) than that of the conventional antibacterial agent in order to exhibit a markedly superior antibacterial property compared to the conventional one. It may be considered difficult, but this is an oversight. Since zinc oxide itself has the ability to form a glass network, it can be melted at an appropriate melting temperature and a glass having any composition in the present invention can be obtained by using a quenching means suitable for the cooling characteristics of the melt. Can be easily obtained.
[0013]
In order to enhance the rapid cooling effect, it is effective to increase the contact area between the melt and the cooling body. For example, the glass melt can be moved at high speed between two rotating metal rollers cooled by a coolant such as water. By passing through, a very large cooling effect is obtained, and vitrification is very easy if this cooling method is used. Further, when cooled by this method, the glass coming out between the rollers is formed into a thin plate shape, so that it can be very easily pulverized into a powder.
[0014]
○ Silver inorganic antibacterial agents
When the antibacterial agent of the present invention is used in combination with a silver-based inorganic antibacterial agent, its antibacterial properties can be further enhanced. This is because a synergistic effect is obtained by two different antibacterial components of zinc ion in glass and silver ion in silver-based inorganic antibacterial agent.
In addition, since the antibacterial agent has an excellent anti-discoloration preventing effect, the use of the silver-based inorganic antibacterial agent together does not cause coloring or discoloration of the resin product.
[0015]
The silver-based inorganic antibacterial agent in the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it is an inorganic compound supporting silver, and examples of the inorganic compound supporting silver ions include the following.
In other words, there are inorganic adsorbents such as activated carbon, activated alumina, silica gel, etc., zeolite, calcium phosphate, zirconium phosphate, titanium phosphate, potassium titanate, hydrous bismuth, hydrous zirconium, hydrotalcite, etc. .
[0016]
There are no particular limitations on the method of supporting silver ions on these inorganic compounds, and any of the known supporting methods can be adopted, for example, a method of supporting by physical adsorption or chemical adsorption, a method of supporting by ion exchange reaction, and the like. A thin layer of an antibacterial metal compound is formed on the surface of an inorganic compound by a method of supporting with a binder, a method of supporting an antibacterial metal compound by implanting it into an inorganic compound, a thin film formation method such as vapor deposition, dissolution precipitation reaction, or sputtering. There is a method of carrying by carrying out.
[0017]
Among the above inorganic compounds, the inorganic ion exchanger is preferable because it can firmly support silver ions, and in particular, a silver-based inorganic antibacterial agent composed of a zirconium phosphate salt represented by the following general formula [1] is preferable.
[0018]
[Chemical 1]
Figure 0004359943
[0019]
(A is at least one ion selected from alkali metal ions, alkaline earth metal ions, ammonium ions or hydrogen ions, M is a tetravalent metal, and n is a number satisfying 0 ≦ n ≦ 6, a and b are both positive numbers, where m is the valence of A.)
[0020]
The compound represented by the general formula [1] (hereinafter simply referred to as the compound [1]) is an amorphous or crystalline compound belonging to the space group R3C, and represents a compound in which each constituent ion forms a three-dimensional network structure, A crystalline compound having a three-dimensional network structure is preferred because of less discoloration when exposed to sunlight.
A in the general formula [1] is at least one ion selected from alkali metal ions, alkaline earth metal ions, ammonium ions, or hydrogen ions. Preferred specific examples include alkalis such as lithium, sodium, and potassium. There are metal ions, alkaline earth metal ions such as magnesium or calcium, or hydrogen ions, and among these, potassium ions, sodium ions, ammonium ions, and hydrogen ions are preferable ions from the viewpoint of stability of the compound and availability at low cost.
[0021]
M in the general formula [1] is a tetravalent metal, and preferred specific examples include zirconium, titanium, or tin. In view of the safety of the compound, zirconium and titanium are particularly preferred tetravalent metals. .
[0022]
In order to exhibit antifungal, antibacterial and antialgal properties, it is preferable that the value of a in the general formula [1] is large, but if the value of a is 0.001 or more, it is sufficiently fungicidal and antibacterial. In addition, it can exhibit anti-algae properties. However, if the value of a is less than 0.001, it may be difficult to exhibit antifungal, antibacterial and anti-algal properties for a long time, so the value of a is set to 0.05 or more. It is preferable. In consideration of economy, the value of a is suitably 0.7 or less.
[0023]
Preferable specific examples of the silver-based inorganic antibacterial agent represented by the compound [1] include the following.
Ag0.005Li0.995Zr2 (PO4) 3
Ag0.01 (NH4) 0.99Zr2 (PO4) 3
Ag0.05Na0.95Zr2 (PO4) 3
Ag0.2K0.8Ti2 (PO4) 3
Ag0.1H0.9Zr2 (PO4) 3
Ag0.5H0.25Na0.25Zr2 (PO4) 3
Ag0.9Na0.1Zr2 (PO4) 3
[0024]
Methods for synthesizing the silver-based inorganic antibacterial agent represented by the above compound [1] include a firing method, a wet method and a hydrothermal method, and can be easily obtained by a known production method.
[0025]
In addition, the silver-based inorganic antibacterial agent having extremely excellent antibacterial properties and weather resistance is obtained by firing the above compound [1] by carrying hydrogen ions.
A preferable baking temperature is 500-1300 degreeC, More preferably, it is 600-1000 degreeC, More preferably, it is 700-900 degreeC. When fired at a temperature of less than 500 ° C., it is insufficient to improve the chemical and physical stability of the silver-based inorganic antibacterial agent. May be fused, making it impossible to obtain a particulate antibacterial agent. There is no restriction | limiting in particular in baking time, A sufficient effect is acquired by baking for 1 to 20 hours normally.
[0026]
○ Mixing ratio of antibacterial agent and silver-based inorganic antibacterial agent
The blending ratio of the antibacterial agent and the silver-based inorganic antibacterial agent in the antibacterial agent composition of the present invention is 5 to 70% by weight, more preferably 10 to 50% by weight, based on the total weight of the silver-based inorganic antibacterial agent. It is. If the silver-based inorganic antibacterial agent is less than 5% by weight, the effect of the antibacterial agent on the antibacterial improvement is low, and if it exceeds 70% by weight, no significant improvement in the combined effect with the antibacterial agent can be expected. In this case, discoloration due to the silver-based inorganic antibacterial agent may occur.
[0027]
In addition to the silver-based inorganic antibacterial agent, the antibacterial agent of the present invention may be mixed with various other additives as necessary in order to improve kneading into a resin and other physical properties. it can. Specific examples include pigments, dyes, antioxidants, light stabilizers, flame retardants, antistatic agents, foaming agents, impact resistance enhancers, glass fibers, metal soaps, moisture-proofing agents and extenders, coupling agents, and fluidity improvements. Agent, deodorant, wood powder, antifouling agent, rust inhibitor. Further, by adding an organic antibacterial / antifungal agent, it is possible to improve the immediate effect and the fungicidal effect.
[0028]
Preferred examples of organic antibacterial and antifungal compounds include quaternary ammonium salt compounds, fatty acid ester compounds, biguanide compounds, bronopol, phenol compounds, anilide compounds, iodine compounds, imidazole compounds. , Thiazole compounds, isothiazolone compounds, triazine compounds, nitrile compounds, fluorine compounds, chitosan, tropolone compounds and organometallic compounds (zinc pyrithione, OBPA).
[0029]
-Preparation method of antibacterial agent composition
The mixing method of the antibacterial agent of the present invention and the silver-based inorganic antibacterial agent is not particularly limited. For example, mixing using a Henschel mixer may be mentioned, and the mixing conditions may be adjusted appropriately only by the rotation speed (800 to 3000 rpm) and the mixing time (several minutes to several tens of minutes) depending on the mixing amount. It is possible to do with pressure.
[0030]
○ Resin
An antibacterial resin composition can be easily obtained by blending the antibacterial agent or antibacterial agent composition of the present invention with a resin. There is no restriction | limiting in the kind of resin which can be used, Any of a natural resin, a synthetic resin, and a semi-synthetic resin may be sufficient, and any of a thermoplastic resin and a thermosetting resin may be sufficient. Specific resins may be molding resins, fiber resins, and rubber-like resins. For example, polyethylene, polypropylene, vinyl chloride, ABS resin, AS resin, nylon resin, polyester, polyvinylidene chloride, polystyrene , Polyacetal, Polycarbonate, PBT, Acrylic resin, Fluorine resin, Polyurethane elastomer, Polyester elastomer, Melamine, Urea resin, Tetrafluoroethylene resin, Unsaturated polyester resin, Polyethylene, Polypropylene, Rayon, Acetate -Resin for fibers such as rubber, acrylic, polyvinyl alcohol, cupra, triacetate, vinylidene, natural rubber, silicone rubber, styrene butadiene rubber, ethylene propylene rubber, fluorine rubber, nitrile rubber, chlorosulfonated polyethylene rubber , Butadiene rubber, synthetic natural rubber, butyl rubber, there is a rubber resin such as urethane rubber and acrylic rubber.
[0031]
○ Transparent resin
A transparent resin composition having antibacterial properties can be easily obtained by blending with the antibacterial agent or the antibacterial agent composition of the present invention using a transparent resin among the various resins described above.
The transparent resin in the present invention may be any as long as it has transparency, and may be either thermoplastic or thermosetting. Preferred transparent resins are those having a refractive index of 1.4 to 1.8. Specific resins include polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride, ABS resin, AS resin, nylon resin, polyester, and polyvinylidene chloride. Polystyrene, polycarbonate, PBT, acrylic resin, polyester elastomer, melamine, urea resin, unsaturated polyester resin, and the like.
[0032]
The preferable blending ratio in the antibacterial resin composition of the antibacterial agent or the antibacterial agent composition may be adjusted in the same manner regardless of whether the resin is a transparent resin or not, based on 100 parts by weight of the antibacterial resin composition. 0.01 to 10 parts by weight, more preferably 0.1 to 5 parts by weight. If the amount is less than 0.01 part, the antibacterial resin composition may have insufficient antibacterial properties, and if the amount is more than 10 parts, the antibacterial effect is hardly improved. Moreover, a preferable ratio in the case of producing an intermediate product such as a master batch is 10 to 200 parts by weight, more preferably 10 to 40 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the antibacterial resin composition (master batch). .
[0033]
Any known method can be adopted as a method of blending the antibacterial agent or the antibacterial agent composition into the resin. For example, (1) a method in which the powder of the antibacterial agent or antibacterial agent composition is directly mixed with a pellet-like resin or powder-like resin using a mixer, using an additive or a dispersant, and (2) mixed as described above. , A method of blending the molded product into a pellet resin after molding into a pellet with an extrusion molding machine, and (3) molding the antibacterial agent or antibacterial agent composition into a pellet at a high concentration using wax, (4) A method of blending a paste-like composition obtained by dispersing and mixing an antibacterial agent or an antibacterial agent composition into a high-viscosity liquid such as polyol. Etc.
[0034]
For molding the antibacterial resin composition, any known processing technique and machine can be used in accordance with the characteristics of various resins, and mixing, mixing or mixing with heating and pressurizing or depressurizing at an appropriate temperature or pressure. They can be easily prepared by a kneading method, and their specific operation may be performed by a conventional method. Various operations such as lumps, sponges, films, sheets, threads or pipes, or composites thereof are possible. Can be formed into a form.
[0035]
The antibacterial resin molding obtained in this way has an antibacterial agent or an antibacterial composition because the antibacterial agent or antibacterial agent composition which is the blending component has excellent antibacterial properties and discoloration resistance. It does not deteriorate during mixing with the resin and during subsequent storage or use of the antibacterial resin composition. In particular, when the compound [1] is used as the silver-based inorganic antibacterial agent, the antibacterial resin molded body containing the antibacterial agent of the present invention and the silver-based inorganic antibacterial agent has a long-term antifungal and antibacterial property even in harsh environments. And has anti-algae properties.
[0036]
There is no restriction | limiting in particular in the usage form of the antibacterial agent or antibacterial agent composition of this invention, According to a use, it can mix with another component suitably and can be combined with another material. For example, it can be used in various forms such as powder, liquid dispersion, granular, paint, fiber, paper, film, and aerosol.
[0037]
○ Application
The antibacterial resin composition containing the antibacterial agent or antibacterial agent composition of the present invention can be used in various fields where antifungal, antialgal and antibacterial properties are required. Specific applications include, for example, dishwashers, dish dryers, refrigerators, washing machines, pots, TVs, personal computers, CD radio cassettes, cameras, video cameras, water purifiers, rice cookers, vegetable cutters, registers, and futon dryers. Appliances such as bowls, faxes, ventilators, air conditioners, tableware, chopping boards, push-cuts, trays, chopsticks, old tea utensils, thermos bottles, kitchen knives, ladle patterns, frying, lunch boxes, rice scoops, bowls, drainers, Triangle corners, scrubbers, kitchen utensils such as trash cans, draining bags, shower curtains, futon cotton, air conditioner filters, pantyhose, socks, towels, sheets, duvet side, pillows, gloves, Textile products such as epollon, curtain, diapers, bandages, masks, and sportswear. Housing and building materials such as decorative panels, wallpaper, floorboards, film for windows, handles, carpets, mats, artificial marble, handrails, joints, tiles and wax. Toiletries such as toilet seats, bathtubs, tiles, pots, filth, toilet brushes, bath lids, pumice stones, soap containers, bath chairs, clothes bags, showers, and washbasins. Medicine wrapping paper, medicine boxes, sketch books, medical records, paper products such as origami, dolls, plush toys, paper clay, blocks, puzzles and other toys, shoes, bags, belts, watch bands, interiors, chairs, gloves, hanging leather, etc. Leather products, ballpoint pens, sharp pens, pencils, erasers, crayons, paper, notebooks, floppy disks, rulers, post-it, staplers, etc., as well as insoles, makeup containers, washers, makeup puffs , Hearing aid, musical instrument, cigarette filter, cleaning adhesive paper sheet, hanging leather grip, sponge, kitchen towel, card, microphone, barber, vending machine, razor, telephone, thermometer, stethoscope, slippers, clothes case There are products such as sponges, toothbrushes, sandboxes, food packaging films and sprays.
[0038]
The transparent resin composition having antibacterial properties can be used in various fields that require antifungal, antialgal and antibacterial properties and require transparency. Specific applications include, for example, transparent resin parts used for appliances such as dishwashers, dish dryers, refrigerators, transparent resin parts used for kitchenware such as tableware, lunch boxes, draining bags, and vegetables such as kaiware There are products such as containers, food packaging films, agricultural and industrial films, floppy disk cases, and stationery such as pencil cases.
[0039]
[Action]
It is estimated as follows about the mechanism in which the antibacterial agent of this invention has the outstanding antibacterial property, discoloration resistance, and water resistance. That is, since the glass in the present invention contains a high concentration of ZnO and the content of the alkali metal is extremely low, the antibacterial agent of the present invention has extremely low water solubility, and is excellent in water resistance. Since there is little elution of Zn in the glass surface layer, there is always a high concentration of Zn in the glass surface layer, and antibacterial properties due to Zn can be maintained for a long time. Further, since the water solubility of glass is small, there is little elution of Zn ions and alkali metal ions that cause discoloration, and the discoloration resistance is excellent.
When the antibacterial agent composed of the glass and silver-based inorganic antibacterial agent are used in combination, the antibacterial property is improved as compared with the case where each of them is used alone. It is estimated to be.
[0040]
When the antibacterial agent or antibacterial agent composition of the present invention is added to a transparent resin, the resin composition hardly loses the transparency of the resin because the refractive index of the antibacterial agent or antibacterial agent composition is the refractive index of the resin. It is because it has a value close to. The refractive index of the antimicrobial agent or antimicrobial composition is about 1.6. On the other hand, the refractive index of the main transparent resin is as follows. The polycarbonate resin is 1.59, the polystyrene resin is 1.60, and the AS resin is 1.57.
[0041]
【Example】
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described more specifically with reference to examples.
Reference Example 1 (Preparation of silver-based inorganic antibacterial agent)
A precipitate is formed by mixing an aqueous solution of zirconium sulfate and an aqueous solution of phosphoric acid so that the ratio of zirconium to phosphorus is 2: 3, and after adjusting the pH to 2 using an aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide, Crystalline zirconium phosphate [NaZr2 (PO4) 3] was obtained by heating at 130 ° C. for 12 hours under a heat condition.
The phosphate compound obtained above was washed thoroughly with water, added to silver nitrate and a 1N aqueous nitric acid solution, stirred at 60 ° C. for 4 hours, sufficiently washed with water and dried. This was baked at 750 ° C. for 4 hours in a baking furnace, and then pulverized to obtain a silver-based inorganic antibacterial agent Ag0.50Na0.23H0.27Zr2 (PO4) 3. The obtained silver-based inorganic antibacterial agent is a white powder having an average particle size of 0.92 μm.
[0042]
Reference Example 2 (Preparation of zeolite antibacterial agent)
Instead of the crystalline zirconium phosphate synthesized in Reference Example 1, an antibacterial zeolite having a silver content of 4% by weight was obtained in the same manner as Reference Example 1 except that commercially available zeolite 4A was used.
[0043]
Example 1 (Preparation of antibacterial agent)
After preparing the glass by melting the raw material formulation of the composition shown in Table 1 (sample No. a1, sample No. a2) at 1000 to 1400 ° C., the obtained glass was wet-ground in a ball mill and averaged An antibacterial agent made of glass having a particle size of about 10 μm was obtained.
[0044]
Comparative Example 1 (Preparation of antibacterial agent)
An antibacterial agent made of glass was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the raw material formulation having the composition shown in Table 1 (samples No. a3 to No. a7) was used.
[0045]
Example 2 (Preparation of antibacterial agent composition)
The silver-based inorganic antibacterial agent prepared in Reference Example 1 and the antibacterial agent of sample No. 1 or the antibacterial agent of sample No. 2 were blended in the proportions shown in Table 2 to prepare an antibacterial agent composition (sample No. a8 to sample No. a10) was obtained.
[0046]
[Table 1]
Figure 0004359943
[0047]
[Table 2]
Figure 0004359943
[0048]
Test example 1 (discoloration test, antibacterial test and water resistance test)
Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd. polystyrene resin (trade name ST850) is mixed with 0.5% by weight of an antibacterial agent (sample No. a1, sample No. a2) or an antibacterial agent composition (sample No. a8 to a10). An injection molding machine M-50AII-DM manufactured by Meiki Seisakusho Co., Ltd. was used for injection molding at a molding temperature of 220 ° C., and an antibacterial plate of 11 cm × 11 cm × 2 mm (prototype No. a1, prototype No. a2, prototype No. a8) -A10) were prepared (however, the antibacterial plate of each prototype number was a sample having the same sample number as the prototype number, and the same shall apply hereinafter). In addition, when the resin composition was retained in a molten state for 5 minutes in a cylinder at the time of injection molding, the resin composition was molded, and the color change was confirmed to evaluate discoloration.
[0049]
For comparison, only 0.5% by weight of the antibacterial agent of sample Nos. A3 to a7 (prototype No. a3 to a7), only 0.5% by weight of the silver-based inorganic antibacterial agent obtained in Reference Example 1 The one molded with (Prototype No. a11) and the one molded only with polystyrene resin (Prototype No. a12) were similarly injection molded.
[0050]
In addition, the antibacterial activity of various prepared polystyrene plates was evaluated by the following method.
Escherichia coli is used as a test bacterium, an antibacterial plate is cut into 5 cm × 5 cm, and 0.5 ml of a bacterial solution is dropped on the surface so that the number of bacteria per plate is 105 to 106, A polyethylene film of 4.5 cm × 4.5 cm was covered from above, uniformly contacted with the surface, and stored at a temperature of 35 ° C. and a humidity of 95 RH% for 24 hours. After 0 hours from the start of storage (theoretical added number of bacteria) and after 24 hours of storage, the remaining bacteria on the test piece are washed out with a medium for measuring the number of bacteria (SCDLP liquid medium). The viable cell count was measured by a pour plate culture method (37 ° C., 2 days) using a medium agar medium, and converted to the viable cell count per 5 cm × 5 cm of the antibacterial plate.
The results of the antibacterial test obtained as described above are shown in Table 3. The initial bacterial count was 4.2 × 105, and the control bacterial count in which the same operation was performed without using a sample after 24 hours was 1.7 × 107.
[0051]
Furthermore, various prototype polypropylene plates molded in the same manner as prototype Nos. 2 to 12 except that the resin was changed from polystyrene to polypropylene resin (product name: J105H, manufactured by Grand Polymer Co., Ltd.) in warm water at 90 ° C. for 1 week. The water resistance was evaluated by dipping and confirming the appearance of the plate after dipping.
[0052]
[Table 3]
Figure 0004359943
[0053]
The antibacterial plate containing the antibacterial agent of the present invention (prototype No. a1, prototype No. a2) and the antibacterial plate containing the antibacterial agent composition of the present invention (prototype No. a8 to a10) are antibacterial and discolorable. In addition, it has excellent water resistance. The antibacterial plate (prototype No. a8 to a10) is more antibacterial than the antibacterial plate containing only the antibacterial agent (prototype No. a2) and the antibacterial plate containing only the silver-based inorganic antibacterial agent (prototype No. a11). It was confirmed that it was improved and the discoloration was not impaired.
[0054]
On the other hand, the antibacterial plate (prototype No. a3) containing an antibacterial agent made of glass having a high content of ZnO but a content of alkali metal oxide greater than 1 mol% is inferior in water resistance and contains ZnO. The antibacterial plate (prototype No. a4, a6, a7) containing an antibacterial agent made of glass with a small molar ratio resulted in poor antibacterial properties, discoloration, and water resistance. Moreover, although the antibacterial plate (trial manufacture No. a5) which mix | blended the antibacterial agent which consists of glass containing silver with zinc was excellent in the antibacterial effect, it resulted in inferior discoloration and water resistance.
[0055]
Example 3 (Preparation of antibacterial agent)
After preparing a glass by melting a raw material formulation of the composition shown in Table 4 below (sample No. b1, sample No. b2) at 1000 to 1400 ° C., the obtained glass was wet crushed by a ball mill and averaged An antibacterial agent made of glass having a particle size of about 10 μm was obtained.
[0056]
Comparative Example 2 (Preparation of antibacterial agent)
An antibacterial agent was prepared in the same manner as in Example 3 except that the raw material formulation having the composition shown in Table 4 below (samples No. b3 to No. b5) was used.
[0057]
Example 4 (Preparation of antibacterial agent composition)
The silver-based inorganic antibacterial agent prepared in Reference Example 1 and the antibacterial agent of sample No. b1 or the antibacterial agent of sample No. b2 were blended in the proportions shown in Table 5 to prepare an antibacterial agent composition (sample No. b6 to sample No. b9) was obtained.
[0058]
[Table 4]
Figure 0004359943
[0059]
[Table 5]
Figure 0004359943
[0060]
Test example 2 (discoloration test, antibacterial test and water resistance test)
An antibacterial plate was prepared in the same manner as in Test Example 1 except that the antibacterial agent or antibacterial agent composition prepared in Examples 2 and 3 and Comparative Example 2 was used, and a discoloration test, an antibacterial test and a water resistance test were conducted. went. The test results are shown in Table 6 below.
[0061]
[Table 6]
Figure 0004359943
[0062]
The antibacterial plate (prototype Nos. B1, b2, b6 to b9) containing the antibacterial agent or antibacterial agent composition of the present invention has excellent antibacterial properties, discoloration, and water resistance. It was confirmed that the antibacterial property was improved and the discoloration was not impaired as compared with the antibacterial plate containing only the antibacterial agent (prototype No. b10).
[0063]
On the other hand, the antibacterial plate (prototype No. b5) containing an antibacterial agent composed of glass having a large content of ZnO but a content of alkali metal oxide greater than 1 mol% is inferior in discoloration and water resistance. The antibacterial plate (prototype No. b3) containing an antibacterial agent made of glass with a small ZnO blending molar ratio resulted in poor antibacterial properties, discoloration, and water resistance. Moreover, although the antibacterial plate (trial manufacture No. b4) which mix | blended the antibacterial agent which consists of glass containing silver with zinc was excellent in the antibacterial effect, it resulted in inferior discoloration and water resistance.
[0064]
Example 5 (Preparation of antibacterial agent)
After preparing a glass by melting a raw material formulation of the composition shown in Table 4 below (sample No. c1 to sample No. c4) at 1000 to 1400 ° C., the obtained glass was wet-ground in a ball mill and averaged An antibacterial agent made of glass having a particle size of about 10 μm was obtained.
[0065]
Comparative Example 3 (Preparation of antibacterial agent)
An antibacterial agent made of glass was obtained in the same manner as in Example 3 except that the raw material formulation having the composition shown in Table 4 below (Sample No. c5 to Sample No. c7) was used.
[0066]
Example 6 (Preparation of antibacterial agent composition)
The silver-based inorganic antibacterial agent prepared in Reference Example 1 and the antibacterial agent of sample No. c1 or the antibacterial agent of sample No. c3 were blended in the proportions shown in Table 5 to provide an antibacterial agent composition (sample No. c8 to sample No. c11).
[0067]
[Table 7]
Figure 0004359943
[0068]
[Table 8]
Figure 0004359943
[0069]
Test example 3 (discoloration test, antibacterial test and transparency test)
An antibacterial plate was prepared in the same manner as in Test Example 1 except that the antibacterial agent or antibacterial agent composition prepared in Examples 4 and 5 and Comparative Example 3 was used, and an antibacterial test was performed.
Moreover, as an evaluation of the transparency of the various prototype polystyrene plates produced, the HAZE value was measured using a color difference meter (Nippon Denshoku Industries Co., Ltd. SZ-Σ80).
[0070]
Further, the resin composition was retained for 5 minutes in a molten state in the cylinder during injection molding, and the color change was evaluated by visually checking the color.
The test results are shown in Table 9 below.
[0071]
[Table 9]
Figure 0004359943
[0072]
From Table 9 above, the antibacterial plates (prototype No. c1 to trial No. c4 and trial No. c8 to trial No. c11) containing the antibacterial agent or antibacterial agent composition of the present invention are antibacterial, transparent, It was confirmed that the colorfastness was excellent.
[0073]
On the other hand, although the content ratio of ZnO is large, the antibacterial plate (prototype No. c5) containing an antibacterial agent made of glass having a content ratio of alkali metal oxide larger than 1 mol% is inferior in discoloration resistance, The antibacterial plate (prototype No. c6) containing the antibacterial agent made of glass with a small blending molar ratio resulted in inferior antibacterial properties. Moreover, although the antibacterial plate (trial manufacture No. c7) which mix | blended the antibacterial agent which consists of glass containing silver with zinc was excellent in the antibacterial effect, it resulted in inferior discoloration resistance.
[0074]
【The invention's effect】
The antibacterial agent and antibacterial agent composition of the present invention have excellent antibacterial properties, discoloration resistance and water resistance, and are extremely useful as an antibacterial agent capable of maintaining an antibacterial effect for a long time.
By molding an antibacterial resin composition in which the antibacterial agent or antibacterial agent composition of the present invention is blended with a resin, an antibacterial resin molded article excellent in antibacterial property, discoloration resistance and water resistance can be easily obtained. .
The antibacterial transparent resin composition of the present invention has excellent antibacterial properties, transparency and discoloration resistance, and is extremely useful as a raw material for transparent and antibacterial molded products using a transparent resin. is there.

Claims (3)

ZnOを50〜80モル%、B23及び/又はP25を20〜50モル%含有し、アルカリ金属酸化物の含有割合が0〜1モル%であるガラス抗菌剤30〜95重量%と、式[1]で表される銀系無機抗菌剤5〜70重量%からなることを特徴とする抗菌剤組成物。
Figure 0004359943
(Aはアルカリ金属イオン、アルカリ土類金属イオン、アンモニウムイオンまたは水素イオンから選ばれる少なくとも1種のイオンであり、Mは4価ジルコニウムイオンであり、nは0≦n≦6を満たす数であり、a及びbはいずれも正数である。)
The ZnO 50 to 80 mole%, B 2 O 3 and / or P 2 O 5 and containing 20 to 50 mol%, glass antimicrobial agents 30 to 95 wt 0-1 mol% content ratio of alkali metal oxide And an antibacterial agent composition comprising 5 to 70% by weight of a silver-based inorganic antibacterial agent represented by the formula [1].
Figure 0004359943
(A is at least one ion selected from alkali metal ions, alkaline earth metal ions, ammonium ions or hydrogen ions, M is a tetravalent zirconium ion, and n is a number satisfying 0 ≦ n ≦ 6. , A and b are both positive numbers.)
ガラス抗菌剤におけるアルカリ金属酸化物の含有割合が0モル%であることを特徴とする請求項1記載の抗菌剤組成物。2. The antibacterial agent composition according to claim 1, wherein the content ratio of the alkali metal oxide in the glass antibacterial agent is 0 mol%. 請求項1または2に記載の抗菌剤組成物と透明性樹脂からなる抗菌性を有する透明性樹脂組成物。A transparent resin composition having antibacterial properties comprising the antibacterial agent composition according to claim 1 or 2 and a transparent resin.
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