JP4357419B2 - 骨固定要素 - Google Patents

骨固定要素 Download PDF

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Publication number
JP4357419B2
JP4357419B2 JP2004516393A JP2004516393A JP4357419B2 JP 4357419 B2 JP4357419 B2 JP 4357419B2 JP 2004516393 A JP2004516393 A JP 2004516393A JP 2004516393 A JP2004516393 A JP 2004516393A JP 4357419 B2 JP4357419 B2 JP 4357419B2
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Japan
Prior art keywords
hollow cylinder
bone
anchoring element
bone anchoring
small holes
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Expired - Fee Related
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JP2004516393A
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JP2005537042A (ja
Inventor
ゴルドハーン、ヨルグ
ゼベック、ヨーン
シュナイダー、エリック
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Synthes GmbH
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Stratec Medical AG
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    • A61B17/58Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws, setting implements or the like
    • A61B17/68Internal fixation devices, including fasteners and spinal fixators, even if a part thereof projects from the skin
    • A61B17/84Fasteners therefor or fasteners being internal fixation devices
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    • A61B17/68Internal fixation devices, including fasteners and spinal fixators, even if a part thereof projects from the skin
    • A61B17/84Fasteners therefor or fasteners being internal fixation devices
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    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2250/00Special features of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof
    • A61F2250/0014Special features of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof having different values of a given property or geometrical feature, e.g. mechanical property or material property, at different locations within the same prosthesis
    • A61F2250/0018Special features of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof having different values of a given property or geometrical feature, e.g. mechanical property or material property, at different locations within the same prosthesis differing in elasticity, stiffness or compressibility
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2250/00Special features of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof
    • A61F2250/0014Special features of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof having different values of a given property or geometrical feature, e.g. mechanical property or material property, at different locations within the same prosthesis
    • A61F2250/0023Special features of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof having different values of a given property or geometrical feature, e.g. mechanical property or material property, at different locations within the same prosthesis differing in porosity
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2250/00Special features of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof
    • A61F2250/0014Special features of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof having different values of a given property or geometrical feature, e.g. mechanical property or material property, at different locations within the same prosthesis
    • A61F2250/0026Special features of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof having different values of a given property or geometrical feature, e.g. mechanical property or material property, at different locations within the same prosthesis differing in surface structures
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
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    • A61F2250/00Special features of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof
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    • A61F2250/0036Special features of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof having different values of a given property or geometrical feature, e.g. mechanical property or material property, at different locations within the same prosthesis differing in thickness

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Description

本発明は、請求項1の前文による骨固定要素に関する。
従来のインプラントでは、異物であるインプラントに対する周囲の組織、特に骨の反応が不十分にしか考慮されていない。この場合、とりわけ局所の微小循環もしくは血流が損なわれるほか、局所のバイオメカニクスが変化する。
特に、チタン製またはスチール製の比較的剛性のインプラントの影響は、従来のインプラントにおいて不十分にしか考慮されていない。疲れ破壊を未然に防ぐために、インプラントはきわめて剛性かつ可能な限り硬く設計される。骨折治療中および残りの全期間中に使用されたインプラントは体内で少なくとも部分的に骨の荷重伝達を引受けるため、罹患部位における骨構造の薄化に対して反応性となる(ウォルフの法則)。このような骨の改造はインプラントの弛緩をもたらしうる。
特に、骨粗鬆症の骨における骨折ケアのために意図されている中空円筒(例えば、DE−C19628473(特許文献1)およびDE−U297 10 979(特許文献2)による)は、この現象をもたらしうる。この場合、まさにこの範疇のインプラントは問題ケースの骨粗鬆症に対して関心をひき起こすであろうが、それはこのインプラントからは低頻度のインプラント不全が期待されるためである。中空円筒の1つの内部の骨は維持され続け、小孔を通じて新しい骨が成長することになる。この両方によって理論上、骨粗鬆症の骨におけるインプラントの十分な固定がもたらされるであろう。
ドイツ特許第C19628473号公報 ドイツ特許第U29710979号公報
この点で本発明は改善を提供するものである。本発明の課題は、上述された不利点を回避する骨固定手段を提供することである。
微小循環および血流の損傷は、インプラント挿入中の供給血管の完全な分離に基づく。独自の検査により、中空円筒の内側および外側の血液供給の回復がきわめて短時間に可能であることが示された。中空円筒の内側の血液供給のためには、円筒ジャケットにおける小孔のほか、結果として組織液の潅流をもたらす繰り返し圧縮が決め手となる。潅流の規模は、さらにインプラントの剛性によって決まる。治療における骨の荷重による繰り返し圧縮は、隣接した骨部分の再生にもつながる。インプラントの骨統合も、決定的にその機械的特性、特にその剛性によって左右される。
本発明の課題は、その構造により、適切な剛性に対する要求を満たし、したがって、骨、特に骨粗鬆症の骨における固定を長期間保証しうると同時に、生物学上の基礎条件を満たす骨固定手段を提供することである。これは、残りの骨構造の維持を保証し、新しい骨の成長を促進する。
本発明は、請求項1の特徴を有する骨固定手段で上記の課題を解決する。
本発明によって達成される利点は、実質的に、本発明による骨固定手段により、中空円筒の剛性が、それを取り囲む骨の剛性、特に椎体に存在する皮質(約10’000〜20’000MPaのE−モジュール)と海綿質(約100〜5’000MPa)との差に大幅に接近しうることにおいて確認される。さらに、荷重下に椎体の内部における骨固定手段の偏向および圧縮が、縁部位よりも強くなる。
インプラントの長手方向軸にわたるこの剛性の変化は、2つの処置、すなわち、
1.皮質と海綿質との間の移行部位における壁厚の削減と
2.中空円筒の開放端の方向で増大する多孔率の変化度によって達成されうる。
剛性の測定値としての軸方向および極性の断面の慣性モーメント(IおよびI)は、平均半径Rを有する薄い壁の円形の場合、およそ次式のように壁厚tおよび多孔率p(孔面積/総表面積)によって決まる。
Figure 0004357419
同じ大きさの円形の孔の配置が可能な限り密接している場合に達成される最大の多孔率は90%である。ただし、壁の構造的統合を保証するためには、多孔率は85%を超えてはならない。
パラメータ有限要素分析によって、円断面の剛性が指数関数的に壁厚によって決まることが測定しえた。
断面〜t2,7343は、t/Rm={0.4...0.08}に適用される。
すなわち、壁厚の50%削減により断面の慣性モーメントが半分となり、円断面の剛性が約15%減少する。
骨固定要素の特定の一実施形態においては、その剛性は後端から前端まで連続的に減少する。好ましくは、中空円筒の剛性は、中空円筒の前3分の1で、中空円筒の後3分の1における剛性よりも少なくとも20%大きい。
特定の一実施形態においては、骨固定要素の後端には、荷重伝達体、好ましくは骨プレートの嵌合または圧接による受け入れに適している手段が備えられている。
特定の一実施形態においては、多孔率−全外側面Mに対するn個の小孔面総数S間のS/M比として−が、前記後端から前記前端まで増大する。好ましくは、中空円筒の前3分の1の多孔率は、中空円筒の後3分の1の多孔率よりも少なくとも20%大きい。
さらに特定の一実施形態においては、中空円筒の壁厚が、後端から前端まで好ましくは連続的に減少する。好ましくは、中空円筒の壁厚は、中空円筒の前3分の1において、前中空円筒の後3分の1の壁厚よりも少なくとも20%小さい。
特定の一実施形態においては、中空円筒の外側面におけるn個の小孔は、最小の直径として少なくとも0.5mmを有する。
好ましくは、外側ネジ山が、中空円筒の外側面上に少なくとも部分的に設けられている。
小孔の形は、円形または卵形でありうるが、角形、好ましくは三角形または四角形でもありうる。
特定の一実施形態においては、円筒の高さの10分の1当りの小孔の数は、前端まで増大するが、個々の小孔の表面積は一定のままである。別の一実施形態においては、円筒の高さの10分の1当りの小の数は、前端まで一定のままであるが、個々の小孔の表面積は前端に向かって増大する。
本発明および本発明の諸構成が、多くの実施例の部分的概略図を用いて以下により詳しく説明される。
好ましい実施形態の以下の説明は、図面といっしょに基礎となる本発明の十分な理解に役立つ。
図5に示されている骨固定要素1は、実質的に、その外側面4における多数の小孔3と、骨への導入に適した前開放端5と、後端6と、円筒長手方向軸7とを有する中空円筒2から成る。
図1に示されている中空円筒壁の部分完成は、小孔3が後方から前方へ連続的に拡大し、そのため中空円筒の剛性がその長手方向軸にわたって後端から前端へ向かって適切に減少することを示す。
後端6において、外側面4には外側ネジ山8が設けられている。
骨固定要素の後端には、(図示されていない骨プレート)に使用可能である円錐のヘッド9が形成されている。
図2〜4における変形は、穴の形状を変化させることにより多孔率を変化させるために示されている。円形の小孔の代わりに、卵形、四角形、または三角形の小孔が使用され、ここでこれらの小孔も後方から前方へ規則的に拡大する。この穴の形状の目的は、後方から前方への骨固定要素の剛性を減少させることにある。これは、同じ大きさであるが、後方から前方へより高頻度にまたはより密着して存在する穴が使用されることによっても達成されうる。
中空円筒壁を通じて横断面の数とともに小孔の拡大により多孔率が増大する中空円筒壁の部分完成を示す図である。 卵形の小孔による中空円筒壁の多孔率を変化させるための変形を示す図である。 四角形の小孔による中空円筒壁の多孔率を変化させるための変形を示す図である。 三角形の小孔による中空円筒壁の多孔率を変化させるための変形を示す図である。 部分的に切断された骨固定要素を示す斜視図である。
符号の説明
1 骨固定要素
2 中空円筒
3 小孔
4 外側面
5 前端
6 後端
7 円筒長手方向軸
8 外側ネジ山
9 円錐のヘッド

Claims (15)

  1. その外側面(4)における多数の小孔(3)と、骨への挿入に適した前開放端(5)と、後端(6)と、円筒長手方向軸(7)とを有する中空円筒(2)の形の骨固定要素(1)において、
    前記中空円筒(2)の剛性がその長手方向軸(7)に亘り前記後端(6)から前記前端(5)に向かって減少し、
    外側ネジ山(8)が、前記中空円筒(2)の前記外側面(4)上に少なくとも部分的に設けられており、さらに多孔率−全外側面(4)Mに対する前記多数の小孔の面総数S間のS/M比として−が、前記後端(6)から前記前端(5)まで増大することを特徴とする骨固定要素(1)。
  2. 前記剛性が連続的に減少することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の骨固定要素(1)。
  3. 前記中空円筒(2)の前記剛性が前記中空円筒(2)の前3分の1において、前記中空円筒(2)の後ろ3分の1における前記剛性よりも少なくとも20%大きいことを特徴とする請求項1または2に記載の骨固定要素(1)。
  4. 前記後端(6)が、荷重伝達体の嵌合または圧接による受け入れに適している手段を備えていることを特徴とする請求項1〜3のいずれか1項に記載の骨固定要素(1)。
  5. 前記後端(6)が、骨プレートの嵌合または圧接による受け入れに適している手段を備えていることを特徴とする請求項1〜3のいずれか1項に記載の骨固定要素(1)。
  6. 前記中空円筒(2)の前3分の1の前記多孔率が、前記中空円筒(2)の後3分の1の前記多孔率よりも少なくとも20%大きいことを特徴とする請求項に記載の骨固定要素(1)。
  7. 前記中空円筒(2)の壁厚が、前記後端(6)から前記前端(5)まで減少することを特徴とする請求項1〜のいずれか1項に記載の骨固定要素(1)。
  8. 前記中空円筒(2)の壁厚が、前記後端(6)から前記前端(5)まで連続的に減少することを特徴とする請求項1〜のいずれか1項に記載の骨固定要素(1)。
  9. 前記中空円筒(2)の前記壁厚が、前記中空円筒(2)の前3分の1において、前記中空円筒(2)の後3分の1の前記壁厚よりも少なくとも20%小さいことを特徴とする請求項またはに記載の骨固定要素(1)。
  10. 前記中空円筒(2)の前記外側面(4)における前記多数の小孔が、最小の直径として少なくとも0.5mmを有することを特徴とする請求項1〜のいずれか1項に記載の骨固定要素(1)。
  11. 前記小孔(3)の縁の形が円形または卵形であることを特徴とする請求項1〜10のいずれか1項に記載の骨固定要素(1)。
  12. 前記小孔(3)の前記形が角形であることを特徴とする請求項1〜10のいずれか1項に記載の骨固定要素(1)。
  13. 前記小孔(3)の前記形が三角形または四角形であることを特徴とする請求項1〜10のいずれか1項に記載の骨固定要素(1)。
  14. 前記円筒の高さの10分の1当りの前記小孔(3)の数が、前記前端(5)まで増大するが個々の前記小孔(3)の表面積は一定のままであることを特徴とする請求項1〜13のいずれか1項に記載の骨固定要素(1)。
  15. 前記円筒の高さの10分の1当りの前記小孔(3)の数が、前記前端(5)まで一定のままであるが個々の前記小孔(3)の前記表面積は前記前端(5)に向かって増大することを特徴とする請求項1〜14のいずれか1項に記載の骨固定要素(1)。
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