MXPA04012962A - Elemento para fijar huesos. - Google Patents

Elemento para fijar huesos.

Info

Publication number
MXPA04012962A
MXPA04012962A MXPA04012962A MXPA04012962A MXPA04012962A MX PA04012962 A MXPA04012962 A MX PA04012962A MX PA04012962 A MXPA04012962 A MX PA04012962A MX PA04012962 A MXPA04012962 A MX PA04012962A MX PA04012962 A MXPA04012962 A MX PA04012962A
Authority
MX
Mexico
Prior art keywords
hollow cylinder
perforations
fixing bones
bones according
bone
Prior art date
Application number
MXPA04012962A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Schneider Erich
Original Assignee
Synthes Ag
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Synthes Ag filed Critical Synthes Ag
Publication of MXPA04012962A publication Critical patent/MXPA04012962A/es

Links

Classifications

    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/56Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor
    • A61B17/58Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws, setting implements or the like
    • A61B17/68Internal fixation devices, including fasteners and spinal fixators, even if a part thereof projects from the skin
    • A61B17/84Fasteners therefor or fasteners being internal fixation devices
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/56Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor
    • A61B17/58Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws, setting implements or the like
    • A61B17/68Internal fixation devices, including fasteners and spinal fixators, even if a part thereof projects from the skin
    • A61B17/84Fasteners therefor or fasteners being internal fixation devices
    • A61B17/86Pins or screws or threaded wires; nuts therefor
    • A61B17/864Pins or screws or threaded wires; nuts therefor hollow, e.g. with socket or cannulated
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A61B17/58Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws, setting implements or the like
    • A61B17/68Internal fixation devices, including fasteners and spinal fixators, even if a part thereof projects from the skin
    • A61B17/84Fasteners therefor or fasteners being internal fixation devices
    • A61B17/86Pins or screws or threaded wires; nuts therefor
    • A61B17/8625Shanks, i.e. parts contacting bone tissue
    • A61B17/8635Tips of screws
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    • A61F2250/00Special features of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof
    • A61F2250/0014Special features of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof having different values of a given property or geometrical feature, e.g. mechanical property or material property, at different locations within the same prosthesis
    • A61F2250/0018Special features of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof having different values of a given property or geometrical feature, e.g. mechanical property or material property, at different locations within the same prosthesis differing in elasticity, stiffness or compressibility
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2250/00Special features of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof
    • A61F2250/0014Special features of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof having different values of a given property or geometrical feature, e.g. mechanical property or material property, at different locations within the same prosthesis
    • A61F2250/0023Special features of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof having different values of a given property or geometrical feature, e.g. mechanical property or material property, at different locations within the same prosthesis differing in porosity
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2250/00Special features of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof
    • A61F2250/0014Special features of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof having different values of a given property or geometrical feature, e.g. mechanical property or material property, at different locations within the same prosthesis
    • A61F2250/0026Special features of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof having different values of a given property or geometrical feature, e.g. mechanical property or material property, at different locations within the same prosthesis differing in surface structures
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
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    • A61F2250/00Special features of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof
    • A61F2250/0014Special features of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof having different values of a given property or geometrical feature, e.g. mechanical property or material property, at different locations within the same prosthesis
    • A61F2250/0036Special features of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof having different values of a given property or geometrical feature, e.g. mechanical property or material property, at different locations within the same prosthesis differing in thickness

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Abstract

La invencion se relaciona con un elemento (1) para fijar huesos comprendiendo un cilindro (2) hueco con n perforaciones (3) ubicadas en la cara (4) lateral de este, un extremo (5) anterior abierto que es adecuado para insercion en un hueso, un extremo (6) posterior y un eje (7) longitudinal de cilindro. La rigidez del cilindro (2) hueco disminuye sobre su eje (7) longitudinal desde el extremo (6) posterior hacia el extremo (5) anterior. Gracias a su diseno, el elemento (1) para fijar huesos cumple con el requerimiento de rigidez adaptada y puede asegurar de esta forma un anclaje duradero en el interior del hueso, particularmente de un hueso con osteoporosis, cumpliendo simultaneamente las condiciones biologicas basicas.

Description

ELEMENTO PARAFIJARHUESOS DESCRIPCION La invención se relaciona con un elemento para fijación de huesos según el concepto general de la reivindicación 1. Implantes previos toman en cuenta sólo de manera insuficiente las reacciones del tejido colindante, particularmente del hueso, sobre el cuerpo extraño implantado. Con esto se perjudica sobre todo la microcirculación local respectivamente la perfusión, así como se modifica la biomecánica local . Sobre todo la influencia de implantes relativamente rígidos de titanio o acero se ha tomado en consideración sólo de manera insuficiente. Con la finalidad de evitar fracturas de fatiga, los implantes se diseñan tan rígidos y resistentes como sea posible. Como el implante insertado se encarga por lo menos en parte de la transferencia de cargas del hueso durante el saneamiento de fracturas y durante todo el período de su permanencia en el cuerpo, se presenta en reacción un enrarecimiento de la estructura ósea en las áreas afectadas (ley de Wolff) . Esta reestructuración ósea puede causar un aflojamiento del implante . Particularmente cilindros huecos, tal como se están previendo para el tratamiento de fracturas en huesos con osteoporosis (por ejemplo, según DE-C 19628473 y DE-U 297 10 979) pueden provocar estos fenómenos. ? justamente esta categoría de implantes seria interesante en esto para el caso problemático de osteoporosis, ya que se espera de estos implantes una menor frecuencia de fallas de implante. El hueso en el interior de un cilindro hueco debe salvarse y nuevo hueso debe crecer a través de perforaciones . Ambos procesos deben producir teóricamente un mejor anclaje del implante en el hueso con osteoporosis. Aquí la invención busca poner remedio. La invención tiene el objetivo de crear un medio para fijar huesos que evita las desventajas precedentemente mencionadas . El daño a la microcirculación y perfusión se debe a la separación de los vasos sanguíneos que proveen la región durante la inserción del implante. Investigaciones propias han mostrado que una recuperación de la circulación sanguínea dentro y fuera del cilindro hueco es posible en corto tiempo. Para la circulación sanguínea en el interior del cilindro hueco, lo decisivo son las perforaciones en la envolvente del cilindro, así como la compresión cíclica que produce una perfusión de fluido de tejido. El volumen de la perfusión, a su vez, depende de la rigidez del implante. La compresión cíclica mediante carga sobre el hueso en el transcurso del saneamiento permite también la regeneración de secciones óseas contiguas. La integración ósea de un implante depende, entonces, en forma decisiva de sus propiedades mecánicas, particularmente de su rigidez. El objetivo de la invención de crear un medio para fijar huesos que cumple, gracias a su construcción, con la exigencia de rigidez adaptada y garantiza con esto un anclaje en el hueso, particularmente en el hueso con osteoporosis , y cumple simultáneamente con las condiciones biológicas de la aplicación. Garantiza la preservación de estructuras óseas remanentes y fomenta el crecimiento de hueso nuevo adicional. La invención logra su objetivo con un medio para fijar huesos que tiene las características de la reivindicación 1. Las ventajas logradas por la invención deben verse esencialmente en que gracias al medio para fijar huesos inventivo, la rigidez del cilindro hueco puede aproximarse de manera muy amplia a aquella del hueso contiguo, particularmente a las diferencias presentes en un cuerpo de vértebra entre cortic lis (módulo E de aproximadamente 10,000 a 20,000 Pa) y spongiosa (módulo E de aproximadamente 100 a 5,000 MPa). Además, la desviación así como compresión del medio para fijar huesos bajo cargo se presenta más fuertemente en el interior del cuerpo de vértebra que en las regiones marginales. Esta modificación de rigidez a lo largo del eje longitudinal del implante puede lograrse mediante dos medidas : 1. Reducción del espesor de pared en la región de transición entre corticalis y spongiosa; y 2. Mediante un gradiente de porosidad que aumenta en dirección hacia el extremo abierto del cilindro hueco. El momento de inercia axial y polar de superficie (1? Y lp) como magnitud de rigidez dependen en perfiles circulares de pared delgada con el radio promedio Rm aproximadamente del espesor de pared t y la porosidad p (área de poros/superficie total) como sigue.
La porosidad máxima obtenible con disposición de poros circulares de igual tamaño tan densa como sea posible es aproximadamente de 90%. Para garantizar la integridad estructural de la pared, no deberia rebasar, sin embargo, 85%. Mediante un análisis paramétrico de elementos finitos pudo determinarse que la rigidez de una sección transversal circular depende de manera exponencial del espesor de pared. P3ectr~t2-7343 es válido para t/Rm = {0.4 ... 0.08} es decir, una reducción del espesor de pared por 50% causa una reducción de los momentos de inercia de superficie y reduce la rigidez de la sección transversal del círculo a aproximadamente 15%. En una modalidad particular del elemento para fijar huesos, su rigidez disminuye en forma continua desde el extremo posterior hacia el anterior. Preferentemente, la rigidez del cilindro hueco en el tercio anterior del cilindro hueco es al menos 20% mayor que aquella en el tercio posterior del cilindro hueco. En una modalidad especial, el extremo posterior del elemento para fij ar huesos está provisto de medios que son convenientes para el alojamiento en unión positiva y no positiva de un portador de fuerza, preferentemente una placa de hueso. En una modalidad particular, la porosidad aumenta - como relación S/M entre la suma S de las n áreas de perforación respecto al área total de la envolvente - del extremo posterior hacia en anterior. Preferentemente, la porosidad en el tercio anterior del cilindro hueco es al menos 20% mayor que aquella en el tercio posterior del cilindro hueco. En otra modalidad, el espesor de pared del cilindro hueco disminuye en forma preferente continuamente desde el extremo posterior hacia el anterior.
Preferentemente, el espesor de pared del cilindro hueco en el tercio anterior de cilindro hueco es al menos menor en un 20% que aquel en el tercio posterior del cilindro hueco. En una modalidad particular, las n perforaciones en el área de envolvente del cilindro hueco tienen al menos 0.5 mm como diámetro más pequeño . Preferentemente, se coloca una rosca exterior al menos parcialmente en la superficie de la envolvente del cilindro hueco. La forma de la perforación puede ser redonda u ovalada, pero también angular, preferentemente triangular o rectangular. En una modalidad particular, la cantidad de perforaciones por décimo de la altura del cilindro aumenta hacia el extremo anterior, siendo, sin embargo, que el área de las perforaciones individuales sigue siendo constante. En otra modalidad, la cantidad de perforaciones por décimo de altura de cilindro permanece igual hacia el extremo anterior, siendo, sin embargo, que el área de las perforaciones individuales aumenta hacia el extremo anterior . La invención y perfeccionamientos de la invención se explican aún más de cerca mediante representaciones parcialmente esquemáticas de varios ejemplos de ejecución. Muestran: Fig. 1 una proyección desenvuelta parcial de la pared de cilindro hueco con porosidad aumentando mediante aumento de perforaciones con una cantidad de secciones transversales por la pared de cilindro hueco; Fig- 2 una variante para modificar la porosidad de la pared de cilindro hueco con perforaciones ovaladas; Fig. 3 una variante para modificar la porosidad de la pared de cilindro hueco con perforaciones cuadradas; Fig. 4 una variante para modificar la porosidad de la pared de cilindro hueco con perforaciones triangulares; y Fig. 5 una representación en perspectiva de un elemento para fijar huesos parcialmente seccionado. La siguiente descripción de modalidades preferidas sirve en relación con los dibujos para el mejor entendimiento de la invención en que se basan. El elemento 1 para fijar huesos representado en Fig. 5 consiste esencialmente de un cilindro 2 hueco con una cantidad mayor de perforaciones 3 en su área 4 envolvente, un extremo 5 anterior, conveniente para la introducción en el hueso, un extremo 6 posterior y un eje 7 longitudinal de cilindro. La proyección desenvuelta parcial representada en Fig. 1 muestra como los poros 3 aumentan de tamaño continuamente de atrás hacia adelante, de manera que la rigidez del cilindro hueco se reduce correspondientemente a lo largo de su eje longitudinal del extremo posterior hasta el extremo anterior. En el extremo 6 posterior, el área 4 de envolvente está provista con una rosca 8 exterior. La terminación posterior del elemento para fijar huesos es formada por una cabeza 9 cónica que puede insertarse en una placa de hueso (aquí no mostrada en el dibujo) . En Fig. 2 a 4 se muestran variantes para cambiar la porosidad con geometrías de agujeros cambiadas. En lugar de perforaciones circulares se emplean perforaciones ovaladas, cuadradas o triangulares, siendo que también estas aumentan de tamaño continuamente de atrás hacia adelante. La finalidad de la geometría de agujeros consiste en permitir que la rigidez del elemento para fijar huesos disminuya de atrás hacia adelante. Esto podría lograrse, siendo que se emplean agujeros del mismo tamaño, pero que se presentan de atrás hacia adelante con mayor frecuencia o mayor densidad entre si .

Claims (14)

REIVINDICACIONES
1. Elemento para fijar huesos en forma de un cilindro hueco cor. n perforaciones en su área envolvente, un extremo abierto anterior, conveniente para la introducción en el hueso, un extremo posterior y un eje longitudinal cilindrico, caracterizado porque la rigidez del cilindro hueco se reduce a lo largo de su eje longitudinal del extremo posterior hacia el extremo anterior.
2. Elemento para fijar huesos según la reivindicación 1, caracterizado porgue la rigidez disminuye en forma continua.
3. Elemento para fijar huesos según la reivindicación 1 o 2, caracterizado porque la rigidez del cilindro hueco en el tercio anterior del cilindro hueco es al menos 20% mayor que aquel en el tercio posterior del cilindro hueco.
4. Elemento para fijar huesos según una de las reivindicaciones 1 a 3, caracterizado porque el extremo posterior está provisto con medios que son convenientes para el alojamiento en unión positiva o no positiva de un portador de fuerza, preferentemente una placa de hueso.
5. Elemento para fijar huesos según una de las reivindicaciones 1 a 4, caracterizado porque la porosidad como proporción S/M entre la suma S de las n áreas de perforación respecto al área total de envolvente M -aumenta desde el extremo posterior hacia el extremo anterior .
6. Elemento para fijar huesos según la reivindicación 5, caracterizado porque la porosidad en el tercio anterior del cilindro hueco es al menos 20% mayor que aquella en el tercio posterior de cilindro hueco.
7. Elemento para fijar huesos según una de las reivindicaciones 1 a 6, caracterizado porque el espesor de pared del cilindro hueco disminuye de preferencia continuamente del extremo posterior hacia el extremo anterior.
8. Elemento para fijar huesos según la reivindicación 7, caracterizado porque el espesor de pared del cilindro hueco en el tercio anterior del cilindro hueco es al menos 20% menor que aquel en el tercio posterior del cilindro hueco.
9. Elemento para fijar huesos según una de las reivindicaciones 1 a 8, caracterizado porque las n perforaciones en el área de envolvente del cilindro hueco tienen al menos 0.5 mm como diámetro más pequeño.
10. Elemento para fijar huesos según una de las reivindicaciones 1 a 9, caracterizado porque una rosca exterior está aplicada el menos parcialmente de el área de envolvente del cilindro hueco.
11. Elemento para fijar huesos según una de las reivindicaciones 1 a 10, caracterizado porque la forma de perforaciones es redonda u ovalada.
12. Elemento para fijar huesos según una de las reivindicaciones 1 a 10, caracterizado porque la forma de perforaciones es angular, preferentemente triangular o rectangular.
13. Elemento para fijar huesos según una de las reivindicaciones 1 a 12, caracterizado porque la cantidad de perforaciones por décimo de altura de cilindro disminuye hacia el extremo anterior, pero el área de las perforaciones individuales permanece constante.
14. Elemento para fijar huesos según una de las reivindicaciones 1 a 13 , caracterizado porque la cantidad de perforaciones por décimo de altura de cilindro permanece constante hacia el extremo anterior, pero el área de las perforaciones individuales aumenta hacia el extremo anterior .
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CN1306913C (zh) 2007-03-28
WO2004002344A1 (de) 2004-01-08
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US20050165482A1 (en) 2005-07-28
EP1515657B1 (de) 2008-03-19
CN1630491A (zh) 2005-06-22
AU2002312707A1 (en) 2004-01-19
EP1515657A1 (de) 2005-03-23
ATE389359T1 (de) 2008-04-15
AU2002312707B2 (en) 2005-12-01
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BR0215789B1 (pt) 2012-08-21
BR0215789A (pt) 2005-03-01

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