JP4348082B2 - 脳卒中発症後の患者の状況を判断するための装置 - Google Patents
脳卒中発症後の患者の状況を判断するための装置 Download PDFInfo
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Description
(発明の分野)
本発明は、入院患者と外来患者の両方の脳卒中患者を診断し、管理し、かつ治療するための方法と装置に関するものである。
一般に呼ばれている脳卒中、又は脳発作は、脳卒中を引き起こす事象の約80%の割合を占める脈管出血又は脈管閉塞のいずれかにより引き起こされる。脈管出血は、また、出血性脳卒中又は動脈瘤と称される。脈管閉塞は、また、乏血脳卒中と称してもよい。脳卒中の両タイプは、長期にわたる神経学的な不足と、発表した脳卒中の死亡率のみならず、その結果生じた脳卒中の危険性の点で、少なからぬ死亡率と関連している。
急性期における脳卒中治療は、一般に心臓血管機能と生体反応の安定化はもちろんのこと、脳卒中の最初の3時間以内に血塊溶解薬の浸蝕管理を必要とする。
(i)軽い脳卒中の場合には、患者は帰宅することができ、
(ii)患者の症状に改善が認められる、より深刻な脳卒中の場合には、リハビリすることができ、
(iii)その他の患者は、特別な療養施設で過ごすことになり、
(iv)幾人かの患者は死亡する。
本出願は、リハビリ中の患者に関連している。リハビリは費用のかかる健康管理システムである。従って、改良した患者治療手段を、可能な限り低コストで提供することが望まれていた。
閉塞性睡眠時無呼吸(”OSA”)用の治療として鼻の持続性陽圧呼吸(”CPAP”)の出願が、サリバンにより発明され、そして米国特許番号4,944,310号に教示されている。その発明は、睡眠時無呼吸を包含する強制呼吸障害を治療するための、患者の鼻を介して患者に適用される持続性陽圧呼吸を説明している。大気圧を超える圧力、通常はH2Oの4〜15センチメートルの範囲の出願が、治療に役立つことが見出されている。OSAは、睡眠障害強制呼吸(”SDB”)と一般に言及される呼吸障害の広い階級の実例である。
OSA用の代表的な臨床経路は次の通りである。
(i)患者が、一般的な開業医又は医者の診察を受ける
(ii)その一般的な開業医又は医者が、患者に専門医又は睡眠専門診療所を照会させる
(iii)専門医または診療所が患者を判断する
(iv)夜通し睡眠ポリグラフが実行される
(v)夜通し滴定調査が実行される。
最近、脳卒中患者が、例えば、国際特許出願WO98/51362(ファレルとペース)において教示されるような、CPAPによる治療から恩恵を受けることができるのが認識されてきている。その上、OSAによる同一の患者に対する臨床経路がさらに確立され、そのようなセラピストから恩恵を受けることができる同一の脳卒中患者に対していくつかの臨床経路がある。さらに、そのような患者の治療を管理するための既知の装置がない。
脳卒中患者において呼吸障害の治療を管理するための方法と装置を提供することが本発明の目的である。さらに、患者の治療を援助するために、脳卒中患者の状況の検証又は診察を援助する方法と装置を提供することが目的である。
鼻CPAP治療は、CPAP治療が、上部の気道開放を維持する気体の副木として作用し、そしてその結果、患者が眠っている間の空気の自由な流れを確保する閉塞性睡眠時無呼吸を煩う患者の管理に対して伝統的に使用されてきた。現在の発明は、脳卒中患者に対するCPAP、2層の圧力、又はそれらの変形形態を包含することができる陽圧通気の使用を描写している。CPAPの使用は、例えば、血圧、心拍出量と通気の自動調整を改善すると同時に、動脈血の酸素レベルを改善しかつ動脈の二酸化炭素レベルを減少させることにより脳卒中患者を治療する。生体反応の回復率と回復度及び急性期における患者安定化のような死亡率の改善が、期待した利益である。また、短い及び/又は長い期間の神経学的不足の改善が、期待した利益である。
本発明によるその装置は、例えば、送風機の分析ユニットとセンサを経て、口及び/又は鼻の空気流、いびき、腹部の動き、胸壁の動き、酸素測定、脈拍数、体位そして平坦化したインデックスを包含する、患者特有の健康状態を監視するのに使用してもよい。本発明による分析ユニット装置に代わるものとしては、例えば、エンブレッタ形態分析システム(フラガ、アイスランド)又は、メザムシステム(マップ、ドイツ)といった携帯用の分析システムに関連して使用してもよい。好ましい実施例において、本発明により測定された平坦化したインデックスが、米国特許5,704,345号(バーソン・ジョンズ)に記述されている。米国特許5,704,345号の内容は、このようにして相互参照によって組み込まれる。
中枢性無呼吸と閉塞性無呼吸とを分類するための他の方法は、例えば、国際特許出願 WO 01/19433号(バーソン・ジョンズなど)に教示されるような、呼吸バンドを使用することにより胸部の動作を監視することと、頸切痕の動作を監視することを包含する。
このインデックスは、脳卒中患者に対するある程度の神経回復の表示としての機能を果たすことができる。脳卒中の一つの影響は、呼吸駆動に関係する脳のこれらの構成にダメージを与えることかもしれず、閉塞性無呼吸と比較して中枢性無呼吸が相対的に高い発生率を呈している。仮に神経回復が、患者の呼吸駆動を幾分か回復させるなら、脳卒中の発生に合わせて記録した閉塞物のインデックスと比較したとき、そのインデックス上の効果と成り得る。
記述した装置は、脳卒中になった後の患者の状況を判断しかつ適切な治療を識別する過程において、自動化した援助を提供するために、以下のプロトコルに基づいて、又は意志決定プロトコルに従ってプログラム化することにより、脳卒中被災者の治療と診断用として使用することができる。単一の装置又は複数の装置が、このプロトコルを達成するのに使用することができる。
実施される質問の1組は、以下の通りである。
昼間、過度の眠気に悩んでいますか。
夜、息苦しいですか。
眠りは浅いですか。
いびきをかきますか。または、誰かにいびきを指摘されますか。
睡眠中に呼吸が停止するか、又は睡眠中に呼吸が停止すると誰かに指摘されますか。
朝、喉の渇きを覚えますか。
朝、頭痛がしますか。
日中、非常に疲れたと感じますか。
日中、非常に眠いと感じますか。
これまでに、車の運転中に眠りに陥ったことがありますか。
これらの質問は、患者が、訓練を受けた睡眠又は呼吸器の医者により、より厳密で詳細な査定が付与される可能性を伝えるのに適している。肯定的な判定が、睡眠調査が実施されるべき入院患者を示す。
Claims (17)
- 脳卒中発症後の患者の状況を判断するための装置であって、
マスク(6)と、
前記マスクに大気圧以上の圧力で吸うことのできる気体を提供する送風機(2)と、
患者の吸気呼気の流速を表示する流れ信号を生成する流れセンサ(4)と、
前記流れ信号を処理し、前記送風機を制御するコンピュータ(12)と、を有しており、
前記コンピュータが、患者に大気圧以上の圧力で通気性を提供するように前記送風機を制御し、そして前記流れ信号から、患者の状態についての情報を表す脳卒中指標値を算出する命令を用いてプログラムされている、装置。 - 前記脳卒中指標値を計算するための前記命令が、中枢性無呼吸の発生を確認するために前記流れ信号の分析を制御し、前記命令が前記中枢性無呼吸発生の関数として前記脳卒中指標値を計算させるものである請求項1に記載の装置。
- 前記脳卒中指標値を計算するための前記命令が、閉塞性無呼吸の発生を確認するために前記空気流の分析を制御し、そして前記命令が閉塞性無呼吸の前記発生の関数として前記脳卒中指標値を計算させるものである請求項2に記載の装置。
- 前記脳卒中指標値を計算するための前記命令が、前記中枢性無呼吸の発生と前記閉塞性無呼吸の発生の比の関数として、前記脳卒中指標値の計算を制御するものである請求項3に記載の装置。
- 時間が経過すると、前記コンピュータが、さらに前記脳卒中指標値を記録するための命令を用いてプログラムされている請求項4に記載の装置。
- 前記コンピュータが、さらに時間が経過すると、前記脳卒中指標値の変更を確定するように前記脳卒中指標値の分析を制御するための命令を用いてプログラムされている請求項5に記載の装置。
- 前記脳卒中指標値を計算するための前記命令が、現在のセッションにおいて患者に供給した圧力からの第1百分率圧力の測定と、前記第1百分率圧力と前のセッションにおいて前記患者に供給された圧力から測定された第2百分率圧力との比較と、の制御を行う請求項1に記載の装置。
- 前記第1及び第2百分率圧力が、95番目の百分率圧力である請求項7に記載の装置。
- さらに、複数の患者のために、脳卒中指標値のデータベースに前記脳卒中指標値を記録するための命令を含んでいる請求項1に記載の装置。
- さらに、前記脳卒中指標値に基づく次の治療を識別するための命令を含んでいる請求項1に記載の装置。
- 前記治療がCPAP(持続的気道陽圧法)治療の形態である請求項10に記載の装置。
- 前記治療が、薬物治療の変更である請求項10に記載の装置。
- 投与した薬の効果を査定するために、前記脳卒中指標値の変化を査定する命令を備えている請求項1に記載の装置。
- 前記脳卒中指標値を査定するための前記命令が、患者情報のデータベースに前記脳卒中指標値を記憶させるものである請求項13に記載の装置。
- 前記脳卒中指標値が、多数の中枢性無呼吸の発生の関数である請求項14に記載の装置。
- 前記脳卒中指標値が、多数の閉塞性無呼吸の発生の関数である請求項15に記載の装置。
- 前記脳卒中指標値の多数の中枢性無呼吸の発生と、多数の閉塞性無呼吸の発生の比の関数である請求項16記載の装置。
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US25415100P | 2000-12-11 | 2000-12-11 | |
PCT/AU2001/001595 WO2002047747A1 (en) | 2000-12-11 | 2001-12-11 | Methods and apparatus for stroke patient treatment |
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JP (2) | JP4348082B2 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN1293846C (ja) |
AU (2) | AU2036902A (ja) |
CA (1) | CA2430775A1 (ja) |
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2001
- 2001-12-11 CA CA002430775A patent/CA2430775A1/en not_active Abandoned
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- 2001-12-11 EP EP01270354.2A patent/EP1349600B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-12-11 AU AU2036902A patent/AU2036902A/xx active Pending
- 2001-12-11 US US10/450,068 patent/US7018341B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-12-11 JP JP2002549315A patent/JP4348082B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2001-12-11 AU AU2002220369A patent/AU2002220369B2/en not_active Ceased
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN1293846C (zh) | 2007-01-10 |
EP1349600A1 (en) | 2003-10-08 |
AU2036902A (en) | 2002-06-24 |
US20040138576A1 (en) | 2004-07-15 |
US7018341B2 (en) | 2006-03-28 |
US20020185130A1 (en) | 2002-12-12 |
US7942823B2 (en) | 2011-05-17 |
CN1486200A (zh) | 2004-03-31 |
AU2002220369B2 (en) | 2007-02-01 |
EP1349600A4 (en) | 2009-05-20 |
NZ541224A (en) | 2007-03-30 |
CA2430775A1 (en) | 2002-06-20 |
NZ526395A (en) | 2005-11-25 |
US6832609B2 (en) | 2004-12-21 |
JP2009018174A (ja) | 2009-01-29 |
US20060135878A1 (en) | 2006-06-22 |
JP2004522483A (ja) | 2004-07-29 |
EP1349600B1 (en) | 2017-03-08 |
WO2002047747A1 (en) | 2002-06-20 |
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