JP4344703B2 - Weir for hydroelectric power generation - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a weir for waterway hydroelectric power generation in which water is drawn from a water intake upstream of a river to a power plant.

  In Japan, the amount of electricity used is now increasing significantly and is expected to continue to increase. However, mass consumption of fossil fuels such as oil and coal, which are mainly used as energy sources, accelerates global warming with the generation of carbon dioxide, and nuclear power generation is required to be safe. Moreover, while these resources need to rely on imports, hydropower is clean energy that can be covered in Japan without generating carbon dioxide, and plays an important role in terms of environmental protection and safety. Yes.

  In other words, hydroelectric power generation can be said to be Japan's precious domestically produced energy with little resources, considering the topography surrounded by mountains and the natural environment blessed with water. Moreover, compared to other power sources, hydroelectric power generation "can start power generation in a very short time (3-5 minutes)", "can quickly adjust output to changes in power demand", Therefore, it contributes to the energy saving of other power sources.

  At present, the construction of a site suitable for large-scale power generation is almost completed, and in the 21st century, the development of medium- and small-scale power plants will be the center. The number of general hydropower plants that can be developed is considered to be about 2,700, 12 million kilowatts. Even if it is small and medium-sized, its average output is about 4,500 kilowatts, and a hydroelectric power plant of this scale can cover about 5,000 households with a family of four. Also, village and town revitalization using this electric power is attracting attention.

The types of hydroelectric power generation are classified in terms of structure as follows.
(1) “Dam-type” This is a system that uses a dam to create a dammed pond and uses the head of the power plant directly below the dam to generate electricity. This is because of the extensive submergence caused by the dam, which not only causes the problem of natural destruction, but also entails a huge cost for dam construction. Since a large amount of electricity can be obtained, a suitable land has been developed, and even if it remains, construction is difficult due to environmental problems.
(2) “Waterway type” This is a method of generating electricity by making a low dam upstream from the river and taking in water, and leading the water to a place where a head can be obtained by a long waterway way through the mountains. In this case, there are two types of dams: one that allows water flowing from the upstream to flow into the intake through the induction weir, and the other that blocks water on a small scale. In any case, since it is small, unlike the construction of a large dam that collects a large amount of water as a pond, there will be no problem of submergence or environmental destruction associated with the construction of the dam.

  However, since the water intake is opened at a height close to the riverbed, especially when the amount of water flowing increases during the rainy season, sediment flows in from the intake, which causes problems such as wear of the generator screws. Will be invited. In many cases, a sedimentation basin is provided near the intake, and water that sinks earth and sand is used, but it is very difficult to remove water turbidity with the generation of vortex during the rainy season. Not only that, it will be very expensive to discharge sediment from the sedimentation basin.

  In addition, in the event of a major flood, not only earth and sand, but also rocks flow downstream with the power of water, and foreign objects such as fallen trees and fallen tree drifts, blocking the intake and causing problems in power generation. It can even cause trouble.

(3) “Dam waterway type” This is a power generation system that combines a dam type and a waterway type, and is suitable for points that combine the characteristics of both. Although it is possible to obtain a larger head than in the case where each is a single method, the same problem as in (1) and (2) occurs.

  In view of the above situation, the present invention makes it difficult for soil and dirt to flow into the water intake to the hydroelectric power plant, and even if there is a flood, the intake is blocked by rocks or stagnation. It was an issue to provide a dam for waterway hydroelectric power generation.

In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the present invention constructs a main dam that receives the river water primarily and a secondary dam that receives the water downstream from the river upstream. Block the river width with a dam, create a small pond between them, open a water intake to the hydroelectric power station in the pond, and settle between the waterway drawn from the intake and the waterway to the hydropower station Oite the dam for water channel hydropower, characterized in that a pond of revetment sidewalls provided on both sides of the Koike, taken in revetment side wall of the side provided with the inlet, than inlet of the upstream A dam for a hydroelectric hydroelectric power generation system is provided, characterized in that a horizontal wall that receives downstream water from the main dam is projected.

Since the weir for hydroelectric power generation was constructed as described above, the flow of the river is temporarily suppressed by the main dam, and as a result, the water in the small pond between the main dam and the sub dam is calmed. Under the weather conditions, clean water without soil and sand flows into the intake, and good quality water is supplied to the hydroelectric power plant through the sedimentation basin. In addition, even if there is a flood and rocks and driftwood flow from the upstream, the intake is not blocked because it is stopped by this dam and the side wall .

  As described above, according to the weir for hydroelectric power generation according to the present invention, it is difficult for soil and dirt to flow into the water intake to the hydroelectric power plant, so management and maintenance of the hydroelectric hydropower plant is easy. In addition, even if there is a flood, the intake is not blocked by rocks, miscellaneous trees, etc., so that it has an excellent effect that it is suitable for stably supplying power without trouble.

  Next, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

  The dam for hydroelectric power generation is a small pond in which the main dam 2 and the sub dam 3 are provided upstream of the river 1 and a water intake 7 to the hydroelectric power station is opened between the two dams 2 and 3. 4 is made. Revetment side walls 5 and 5 are constructed on both sides of the small pond 4, and a fume pipe is buried in one of them and intakes 7 and 7 are opened in a pair. In addition, a settling basin 9 is provided in the vicinity of the intake 7, and a water conduit 11 in which both the intakes 7 and 7 are combined is provided from the intake 7 to the settling basin 9. In addition, at the upper ends of the two dams 2 and 3, there are provided water dropping ports 10 and 12 that are lowered so that the central portion of the width is notched.

  The main dam 2 is built larger than the sub dam 3 in a large size. Therefore, even if the dam is much smaller, it can store water to some extent. However, since the water holes 13 and 14 are provided at positions lower and higher than the height H of the sub dam 3, the normal maximum water level P by the main dam 2 is the maximum water level of the pond 4. It is only a little higher than Pa. In the event of a flood, the drop 10 may be at a height, but the inflow of the rock into the small pond 4 is blocked, and even if it is a miscellaneous tree, the water suction force ( Inflow to the small pond 4 is blocked with the eddy current.

The secondary dam 3 is used to block the water drained from the main dam 2 so as to guide the water to the inlet 7, and is formed lower than the main dam 2, and also below the drop port 12 in the center of the width. In order to prevent the inconvenience that a pit is dug with falling water, a water hammer 19 is provided in which blocks made of rock or concrete are spread.

  One intake port 7 may be provided, but it is desirable to provide a plurality of intake ports 7. This ensures the water supply even when one is blocked. In this case, the two intakes 7 and 7 merge with the water conduit 11 and are guided to the settling basin 9, and a water conduit 21 of a pressure pipe is provided from the sedimentation basin 9 to the hydroelectric power station. As shown in the drawing, when the water conduit 11 from the intake 7 to the sedimentation basin 9 is wide, the water calming in the sedimentation basin 9 is promoted, and as a result, good quality water that does not contain earth and sand in the water conduit 21. Will be supplied. The sedimentation basin 9 is constructed at a position as close as possible to the mountain side at a position slightly downstream of the sub dam 3 from the sub dam 3. However, since it is an edge of the river 1, it is convenient for sand discharge.

  Further, in order to further prevent the inflow of earth and sand into the intake port 7, a lateral wall 23 that extends laterally from the revetment side wall 5 on the side of the intake port 7 is provided at the top of the inlet 7. In this way, the water flowing from the main dam 2 bypasses the horizontal wall 23 and flows into the intake port 7, so that the inflow into the intake port 7 can be avoided by sedimentation during the detour. And it becomes reinforcement of the revetment side wall 5, and the weakening of the revetment side wall 5 by having provided the inlet 7 can be prevented.

  By the way, in general, a pressure pipe or a concrete ditch is used for a water conduit drawn from an intake or a sedimentation basin, and is usually laid through a steep mountainous area depending on the site conditions. It becomes difficult construction such as encountering unexpected troubles and obstacles. Therefore, the applicant has developed a method of piping a pressure pipe along a river or along a road. Even in this case, the development of using the water pressure of the water surface near the intake as it is for driving the generator of the hydroelectric power plant (simply referred to as a pressure pipe dam type) has been successful. It can also be used effectively in formulas.

It is a top view of the dam for channel type hydroelectric power generation showing one embodiment of this invention. It is sectional drawing of the dam for the same channel type hydroelectric power generation.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 River 2 Main dam 3 Sub dam 4 Koike 5 Revetment side wall 7 Inlet 9 Sedimentation basin 11 Waterway 13 Water passage 23 Side wall

Claims (2)

A small pond that has a main dam that receives water from the river first and a secondary dam that receives water from the river upstream, and blocks the width of the river between the main dam and the sub dam. In the weir for hydroelectric power generation, the water intake to the hydroelectric power station is opened in the small pond, and the settling basin is provided between the waterway drawn from the intake and the waterway to the hydropower station. Of the revetment side walls provided on both banks of the Koike, the side wall that receives the downstream water from the main weir lantern is projected on the revetment side wall on the side where the intake is provided, at a position upstream of the intake. A weir for hydroelectric power generation characterized by The present dam so as to form higher than secondary dams, dam for water channel hydropower according to claim 1, characterized in that a water passage hole at a position lower than the height of the auxiliary dam to the present dam.