RU2023903C1 - Riverside hydroelectric power station - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: hydroelectric power engineering. SUBSTANCE: inlet of water intake piping opposes water flow. Piping outlet communicates with vertical water-lift section and with hydraulic turbine-generator set. Hydraulic turbines are joined to electric generators by means of couplings and mounted in tandem in water-lift section. L-shaped piping has its inlet section of converging type. Generators are arranged inside or outside of water-lift section. Water-lift sections are arranged on riverside in one or more rows. Water intake pipings are connected to water-lift sections to form V-shaped canals. The latter are connected in series. Outlet of each preceding canal is elevated in respect to inlet of next one. Spillway pool is provided at outlet of vertical water-lift sections and communicates with their flow path. Hydraulic turbines are reversible machines. EFFECT: improved design. 5 cl, 19 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to the production, conversion and distribution of electrical energy, in particular to hydroelectric power plants.

 An analogue of the invention is any dam hydroelectric power station. Its disadvantage is the deterioration of environmental conditions due to the presence of a dam.

 The prototype of the invention is a hydroelectric power station [1].

 The disadvantages of this hydroelectric power station are its low power, low efficiency and the large area occupied by the hydroelectric power station and the water intake pipeline.

 The aim of the invention is to obtain electricity in an environmentally friendly way without creating dams, increasing efficiency and reducing the area occupied on the shore of a hydroelectric power station.

 Depending on the place of use, the proposed design has the following advantages: when used on flat rivers, it frees up the surface of the river for navigation, the possibility of generating electricity on ice-freezing rivers in winter, the possibility of convenient maintenance of the power plant due to the location of power units on the river bank, simplicity construction; when used on mountain rivers - the economical use of water, its multiple use; when used in ponds and lakes as a constructive variety - the fundamental possibility of generating electricity in the presence of powerful keys (or underground rivers with access to a pond or lake); the possibility of creating floating hydroelectric power.

 Figure 1 - 3 shows a power plant for lowland rivers.

 The power plant consists of a confuser 1, a communicating vessel (pipe) 2, turbines 3, generators 4 (couplings can be installed between the turbine and the generator), plates for installing generators 5, protective plates 6, bypass channel 7, a place for servicing generators 8, concrete walls 9 power plants. Riverbank - pos. 10.

 As you know, if there is a homogeneous liquid in the communicating vessels, then its free surface in all the vessels is at the same level. If you place the pipe 2, as shown in figure 1, then the pipe 2 and the body of the river are communicating vessels and at a height of the vertical section of pipe 2 installed on the shore, less than the lowest level of the river water, there will be a constant flow of water from the river through the pipe 2.

 An additional overflow effect will also occur due to the confuser effect, since the pipe cross section is incomparably small with respect to the water section of the river and there is a high-pressure water head. The confuser 1 itself is also an amplifier for the flow of water.

 In a vertical ground vessel, turbines 3 are mounted, connected to generators 4 mounted on the plates 5. In the embodiment of FIG. 1, i.e. installation of generators 4 outside the pipe, it is possible to install couplings to disconnect generators 4 from turbines 3 for preventive maintenance of generators. In the embodiment of FIG. 2, it is possible to install turbines along the entire inner surface of the pipe 2, including the horizontal section, but for this the generators themselves must be waterproofed. In this case, the horizontal section of the pipe should be placed in an outer pipe installed in the ground for easier pipe removal with turbines and generators. Such a measure will facilitate the repair and replacement of turbines and generators.

 For a more free rotation of the turbines 3, a protective plate 6 is installed in front of each turbine, covering half the cross section of the turbine and preventing the influence of the water flow on the part of the turbine rotating towards the water flow. The drain of water from a vertical above-ground pipe section 2 occurs in the bypass channel 7.

 As you know, each river has a river fall - the difference in the heights of the level surface of the water at two points located at some distance along the river, and the slope of the water surface - a drop per unit length of the river. The bypass channel 7 is profiled with a slope slightly less than the slope of the river flow for the possibility of discharge of water flowing from the vertical section of the pipe into the bypass channel 7 and then from the bypass channel into the river downstream. The bypass channel is designed parallel to the riverbed.

 In order to avoid getting fish and foreign objects into the confuser 1 of the pipe 2, the bell itself (confuser) should be barred, as shown in Fig.3.

 To direct water from the vertical section of the pipe 2 to the bypass channel 7, its output end may have a L-shape facing the bypass channel 7 (shown in Fig. 4b).

 If the place for servicing the generators (and couplings not shown on the drawings), the vertical sections of the pipes 2 and the bypass channel 7 is covered with concrete plates 12 over the entire length of the bypass channel 7 and the passage for servicing the generators 8, then the hydroelectric power station turns into an underground one.

 Thus, the action of the power plant is as follows. Water from the river under the action of the flow enters the confuser 1, then into the pipe 2, when moving it rotates the turbines 3, the rotation is transmitted to the generators 4, an electric current is generated; water flowing out of the vertical section of the pipe 2 enters the bypass channel 7 and is discharged into the river downstream.

 When the power plant operates at the highest water level in the river, it is possible to discharge water from a vertical section of pipe 2 directly at the location of pipe 2. For this, an additional channel for water discharge is performed on shore 10.

 On figa-in depicts options for power plants for lowland rivers. These options can be designed for rivers with different hydrological characteristics.

 In option a), the placement of several vertical pipe sections from one horizontal pipe with a drain into one channel 12 is shown, perpendicular to the bypass channel 7. The bottom of the river is indicated by pos. 15.

 In option b), as a structural variation, the placement of several vertical pipe sections with branches 13 from one horizontal pipe with a drain into several channels 14, perpendicular to the bypass channel 7, is shown.

 Option c) is characterized by the arrangement of horizontal pipe sections (indicated by a dotted line) at different angles to the river bank, which will avoid stagnant zones and undesirable hydraulic turbulence at the junction of the confuser 1 to the horizontal pipe 2.

 In FIG. Figure 5 shows the detachable arrangement of sections of the vertical pipe, which is necessary at small power plants to control the flow of water with changes in the average annual water level of the river, i.e. at the highest water level it is possible to build up a vertical pipe, at a lower level - shortening.

 At large power plants, regulation of water outflow due to different river water levels during the year can be achieved by building interconnected backup vessels (c) - three vertical pipe sections of different heights). For example, when working with a short vertical pipe at a lower level of river water, the other two can be plugged.

 This design can be used at sea as a marine hydroelectric power station. All actions are the same as in figures 1 - 3, but the water from the bypass channel enters a special tank, from which it is poured into the sea at low tide.

 6, 7 show the production of electricity from ponds and lakes with powerful keys. Symbols are the same as in figures 1 to 5, with the exception of positions 7 and 12. Item 12 indicates the keys. Pos. 7 in this case does not show a bypass channel, as in FIG. 1, but a channel for the direct flow of water from a vertical section of pipe 2 to pond 11.

 A constructive variation of this method is characterized in that in the presence of one or more powerful keys, the confuser 1 of the pipe 2 is superimposed on one or more keys, and the key, pushing water through the pipe 2, rotates the turbine 3; the turbines transmit rotation to generators 4 (electric current is generated) and water from the key (or underground river flowing into the pond) flows through a vertical section of the pipe 2 through the sewage channel 7 into the pond or lake 11.

 In FIG. 8-10 depict the use of this method under water. Pipes 2 with confusers sockets 1 are installed in installation frames 7, which can be formed into packages. These packages are installed on the bottom of the river, can be suspended on ropes. Electricity is produced in the same way as described above, i.e. water flowing into the confuser 1 and then through the pipes 2; turbines 3 rotate; current is generated in the generators 4. There are two possible options (figa, b) the location of the input confusers and the entrance of water into the pipe.

 In case a), the confuser is in the upper position, water flows in the pipe from top to bottom, in case b) the confuser is in the lower position - water in the pipe flows from the bottom up.

 Due to gravity and the fact that the flow velocity in the upper layers is higher, a) is preferable, but there may be cases where the bottom current is stronger (for example, due to keys), then option b) is possible.

 If the river has powerful keys, then you can use option b) with the confuser covering the key, as shown in Fig. 8.

 If the pipe is put on the bottom of the river with a confuser towards the current, then the water column next to the bell and the water column next to the outlet pipe section will be communicating vessels, and the pipe itself will be a horizontal section of communicating vessels (with a well-known assumption).

 11, 12 depicts a structural variant of a variant of the use of this method under water. The confuser 1 of the pipe 2 is facing the flow, turbines 3, generators 4, plates for installing generators 5, protective plates 6 are installed in the pipe. Pipes 2 are mounted in the mounting frame 7.

 This method can be used in floating hydropower plants (see Fig.13 - 15).

 Pipes 2 with confusers 1 and mounted turbines 3, generators 4, plates for generators 5, protective plates 6 are assembled with the help of the mounting frame 7 into packages and fastened along the sides of the barge. The barge can be both self-propelled and non-self-propelled. The self-propelled barge is equipped with an engine 8 and a propeller 9. For lifting the structure before moving the barge is equipped with lifting winches 10.

 The application of this method on mountain rivers is shown in Fig.17-19a, b. Mountain rivers and streams often do not have enough water, so the effect of communicating vessels can be fully used in these structures. Moreover, the greater the difference in the heights of the vertical pipes (pipes with a confuser and the outlet pipe), the more powerful the flow and the more powerful the power plant.

 The operation of the power plant is not described, since it is similar to all the previous ones. Symbols are the same as in figure 1, except for position 7, showing the mountain stream.

 There are two options for the location of the generators. In the embodiment of FIG. 19a, the generators are located inside the communicating vessels, in the embodiment of FIG. 19b, outside the communicating vessels.

 The advantages of using this method in mountain conditions are the saving of water used, the possibility of its multiple use, water works when rising up.

 In this regard, it is proposed to introduce for all hydroelectric power plants the coefficient of natural consumption of water volume to generate a unit of electric power.

This coefficient characterizes the environmental friendliness of any hydroelectric power station and can be measured in m ³ / W.

Claims (5)

 1. A SHORE HYDROELECTRIC POWER PLANT, containing a water intake pipe, oriented upstream of the flow, connected to the outlet of the latter, a vertical water lifting section, interconnected hydraulic turbines with electric generators, characterized in that, in order to improve environmental conditions by reducing the area on the shore occupied by the hydroelectric power station and increasing Efficiency, hydraulic turbines are connected to electric generators by means of couplings and are installed sequentially in a vertical water-lifting section, a water intake pipe The od is made L-shaped, its inlet section is confuser, and the electric generators are located inside or outside the water-lifting section.  2. Hydroelectric power station according to claim 1, characterized in that it is made underground.  3. Hydroelectric power station according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that it is provided with additional vertical water-lifting sections with water intake pipelines, while the water-lifting sections are installed on the shore in one or more rows.  4. Hydroelectric power station according to claim 3, characterized in that the water intake pipelines are connected to vertical water-lifting sections with the formation of U-channels, while the channels are connected to each other in series, and the output of each previous channel is located above the entrance of the subsequent one.  5. Hydroelectric power station according to claim 4, characterized in that, in order to expand the scope by using the energy of tidal currents, it is equipped with a catchment basin installed at the outlet of the vertical water-lifting sections and communicated with the flow part of the latter, and the hydraulic turbines are reversible.

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