TWI746171B - Stream-type small hydropower system - Google Patents

Abstract

A stream-type small hydroelectric power generation system includes two river banks, a water gate unit, a connecting pipe, and a power generation unit. These river embankments are set on both sides of the first-rate road. The water gate unit is connected to the river embankments and can be opened and closed to control the water flow. The communication pipe includes an upstream inlet located upstream of the water gate unit, and a downstream outlet located downstream of the water gate unit. The height of the upstream inlet is lower than the stable water level when the water gate unit is closed. The power generation unit includes a water turbine arranged at the upstream inlet and rotated by the water flow, and a power generation module connected to the water turbine and linked by the water turbine to generate electricity. In this way, water flows into the water turbine to generate electricity under normal conditions. When there is heavy water, the water gate unit is opened to discharge most of the flood water through the water gate unit.

Description

Stream-type small hydropower system

The invention relates to a hydroelectric power generation system, in particular to a stream-type small hydroelectric power generation system.

The height difference between Taiwan's high mountains and plains is large. In many rivers or dams, energy dissipation facilities are required to eliminate the kinetic energy of the downward impact of the high-speed upstream water, so as to reduce the river topography and construction damage caused by the impact of water currents. The principles of common energy dissipation facilities include hydraulic jump, air float or other energy dissipation methods. Among them, the facilities of the water leap method include apron, sloping apron, etc. The facilities of the air floating method include a ski jump bucket, and other facilities include static pools ( stilling basin), including chute, sill, baffle pier, etc.

The average annual rainfall in Taiwan is 2515 mm, and the height difference between mountains and plains is large, which is theoretically suitable for hydroelectric power generation. But in fact, Taiwan has low rainfall in winter, and when it encounters typhoons in summer, it is likely to cause a sudden increase in water volume due to heavy rains. Therefore, the problem of using river hydropower to generate electricity is that in winter, it is easy to increase the power generation due to the low water volume, and in summer, the power generation mechanism may be destroyed by the surge of typhoon water volume.

Therefore, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a stream-type small hydropower system with both energy dissipation and power generation effects.

Therefore, the stream-type small hydroelectric power generation system of the present invention is suitable for erecting on a first-flow channel, and includes two river banks, a water gate unit, a connecting pipe, and a power generation unit.

The river embankments are suitable for being arranged on both sides of the flow channel extending along the flow channel.

The water gate unit is an automatic falling water gate, which is connected to the river embankments and can be opened and closed to control the water flow.

The communication pipe includes an upstream inlet located upstream of the water gate unit, and a downstream outlet located downstream of the water gate unit and connected to the upstream inlet. The height of the upstream inlet is lower than the stable water level when the water gate unit is closed.

The power generation unit includes a water turbine arranged at the upstream inlet and rotated by the water flow, and a power generation module connected to the water turbine and linked by the water turbine to generate electricity.

The effect of the present invention is that by setting the water gate unit to block the water flow, providing the connecting pipe connecting the upstream and downstream of the water gate unit, and arranging the water turbine at the upstream inlet to drive the power generation module to generate electricity, so that the water flow is Generally, it flows into the turbine to generate electricity. When there is heavy rain or heavy water, the water gate unit can be opened to discharge most of the flood water through the water gate unit. In this way, not only can the power generation be stable in normal times, but also the original energy dissipater can be replaced by the power generation unit, and the kinetic energy that needs to be consumed can be converted into power generation revenue.

Referring to Figure 1, Figure 2 and Figure 3, an embodiment of the stream-type small hydroelectric power generation system of the present invention is suitable for erecting in river ditches and using the water flow in the river ditches to generate electricity.

Among them, the present invention is suitable for installation in rivers and ditches with appropriate drop (for example: 0.5-10 meters of drop) and larger flow (for example: flow of more than 1 cubic meter per second (cms)) to obtain Better power generation efficiency.

This embodiment includes two river embankments 2, a water gate unit 3, a connecting pipe 4, and a power generation unit 5. Among them, this embodiment preferably further includes a sensing unit 6 and a control unit 7.

The river ditches define a flow channel 9 through which a water supply flow flows. The river banks 2 are suitable for being extendedly arranged on both sides of the flow channel 9 along the flow channel 9. Each river embankment 2 includes a embankment wall 21, a setting seat 22 extending upward from the embankment wall 21, and a rail 23 arranged along the embankment wall 21.

The water gate unit 3 is connected to the river embankments 2 and can be opened and closed to control the water flow. The water gate unit 3 is an automatic falling water gate, for example, an inflatable rubber dam or the hydraulic automatic falling weir shown in this embodiment. The water gate unit 3 has two hydraulic rods 31 respectively arranged on the setting seats 22, and a water gate 32 connected to the hydraulic rods 31 and used to intercept water flow. The water gate 32 is extended and retracted by the hydraulic rods 31 And turn it on and off. Among them, the solid lines in FIGS. 1 and 4 indicate the position when the water gate unit 3 is fully opened, and the imaginary line indicates the position when the water gate unit 3 is completely closed. The position of the hydraulic rods 31 is preferably higher than the height of the water gate 32 (especially the part of the hydraulic cylinder). In this way, the probability of the hydraulic rods 31 being soaked in water and damaged by water flow and sand can be reduced. The feature of the automatic falling water gate is that it can fall under its own weight when there is no power. Therefore, in the event of a flood or a disaster, it can still automatically fall due to the impulse or gravity of the water, which is not only convenient for control and reduces settings The cost advantage also has the function of automatic safety protection. Since the operation details of the inflatable rubber dam or the hydraulic automatic lodging weir are familiar to the industry, we will not repeat them here.

Referring to Figures 1, 2 and 3, the connecting pipe 4 is buried at the bottom of the river ditch and includes an upstream inlet 41 located upstream of the water gate unit 3, and a downstream outlet located downstream of the water gate unit 3 and communicating with the upstream inlet 41 42. A pipe wall 43 extending from the upstream inlet 41 to the downstream outlet 42, and a limiting portion 44 extending inward from the pipe wall 43 adjacent to the upstream inlet 41. Wherein, the height of the upstream inlet 41 is lower than the stable water level of the water gate unit 3 when it is closed, and higher than the height of the top of the water gate 32 (marked at 321 in FIG. 1) when the water gate 32 is fully opened. The stable water level here refers to the height at which the water level reaches a stable level under normal (non-flood) conditions when the water gate unit 3 is closed. Thereby, when the water gate unit 3 is closed, water flows in from the upstream inlet 41 to drive the power generating unit 5 to generate electricity, and then flows out from the downstream outlet 42 to return to the waterway. When the water gate unit 3 is fully opened, most of the water flow will flow into the downstream through the water gate unit 3, so that the power generation unit 5 can be prevented from being damaged due to excessive operation due to flooding.

It is worth mentioning that the pipe wall 43 is located upstream and defines one end of the upstream inlet 41 (marked at 431 in FIG. 1), and is preferably higher than the bottom of the river ditch. In this way, the sediment at the bottom of the river ditch can be reduced. Or, the stone rolls into the power generation unit 5 and causes damage.

The power generation unit 5 includes a hydraulic turbine 51 that is arranged at the upstream inlet 41 and is driven by water flow to rotate, a power generation module 52 connected to the hydraulic turbine 51 to generate electricity by being linked by the hydraulic turbine 51, and a power generation module 52 that is arranged on the river embankments 2 and supplies power. The power generation module 52 is provided with a base 53 and a plurality of pulleys 54 provided on the base 53 and the rails 23 and used to drive the base 53 to slide along the rails 23.

The water turbine 51 has a housing 511 with a plurality of through holes 512 through which water flows, a fan blade group 513 arranged in the housing 511, a power shaft 514 connecting the fan blade group 513 and the power generation module 52, and A plurality of bearings 515 provided on the housing 511 and for the power shaft 514 to pass through. The housing 511 is disposed at the upstream inlet 41 and abuts against the limiting portion 44 downwardly. The fan blade group 513 is driven by the water flow to rotate, and drives the power shaft 514 to rotate to link the power generation module 52 to generate electricity. Wherein, the water turbine 51 may be a water turbine in the form of an axial flow type, a turbine type, or a Kaplan turbine.

Wherein, by disposing the base 53 on the embankments 21 and disposing the power generation module 52 on the base 53, the installation heights of the base 53 and the power generation module 52 are both high. The stable water level when the water gate unit 3 is closed. In this way, no matter in general power generation or when the water gate unit 3 is opened to discharge flood, the chance of the power generation module 52 being immersed in water and causing loss can be reduced.

In this embodiment, the casing 511 of the water turbine 51 is disposed on the limiting portion 44 extending inward from the pipe wall 43, but in practical applications, it can also be adapted to the shape of the casing 511 of the water turbine 51 A hydraulic turbine seat (not shown in the figure) is provided in the upstream inlet 41 for the hydraulic turbine 51 to be embedded in order to obtain a better stabilization effect.

The power generation module 52 has a transmission 521 connected to the power shaft 514, a generator 522 connected to the transmission 521, and a controller 523 electrically connected to the generator 522. Wherein, the transmission 521 is a speed increaser, and the generator 522 can be an induction generator, a direct current generator, or a synchronous generator. The controller 523 controls the operation of the generator 522 so that the output power of the generator 522 can meet the power specifications required by the power company, so that the output power of the generator 522 can be output to the feeder of the power company and supplied to the electricity Used by companies or nearby users. Since the above details of adjusting the output power to meet the requirements of the power company are familiar to the industry, it will not be repeated here.

The sensing unit 6 is used to sense the water flow, the open state of the water gate unit 3 and the load state of the generator 522. The sensing unit 6 can use a water level meter, a flow meter, or a flow meter to sense the water level, flow, flow rate and other information of the water flow. For example, water level gauges can use pressure, weight, buoyancy, conductivity, capacitance, photoelectric, ultrasonic, microwave, etc. sensing methods, flow meters, flow meters can use differential pressure, mechanical, heat flow, ultrasonic, etc. A sensor that senses the flow of water. The sensing unit 6 can sense the water gate unit 3 by using photoelectric, angular and linear distance encoders, position sensor switches, etc., to obtain the open state of the water gate unit 3. The load status of the generator 522 can be judged by measuring the current and voltage of the generator 522. Since this part of the technology is a general knowledge in the technical field who can deduce the expansion details based on the above description, no more description is given.

The control unit 7 signally connects the water gate unit 3, the power generation unit 5 and the sensing unit 6. The control unit 7 controls the opening and closing degree of the water gate unit 3 according to the sensing condition of the sensing unit 6.

Wherein, the control unit 7 can control the opening or closing of the water gate unit 3 according to the water flow conditions. For example, when the water level, flow, or flow rate is greater than a predetermined value, the water gate unit 3 is controlled to be partially opened or fully opened to achieve In an emergency or a sudden increase in water volume, the flood can be quickly discharged to avoid water blocking and overflow. At this time, it is better to control the generator 522 to trip and shut down at the same time to reduce the possibility of damage to the generator 522.

Moreover, the control unit 7 preferably has a built-in emergency full-open mode. For example, when power trips or water loss control, the water gate unit 3 is quickly controlled to be fully opened to avoid flooding and overflow, and to achieve zero disaster requirements.

In practical applications, since many farmland irrigation and drainage channels and mountain pit drainage or regional drainage have relatively large flow rates, it is possible to select a location where the water gate unit 3 can pass through the water gate unit 3 innocently because it has a suitable drop and the largest flood peak over the years.

Referring to Figure 1, Figure 2 and Figure 4, when assembling, after constructing the river embankments 2, the water gate unit 3 and the connecting pipe 4, the water turbine 51 is hoisted and aligned with the upstream inlet 41 to be inserted. After being stable, the hydraulic turbine 51 and the pipe wall 43 are fixed with screws. Then, the base 53 and the pulley 54 are arranged above the hydraulic turbine 51, and the power generation module 52 is connected to the power shaft of the hydraulic turbine 51 After 514, the assembly is completed.

When the water turbine 51 needs to be repaired, it is only necessary to detach the power generation module 52 from the power shaft 514 as shown in FIG. 4, and then slide the base 53 away from the water turbine 51 along the track 23 to use The crane hoists the water turbine 51 for maintenance.

Referring to Figure 1, Figure 2 and Figure 3, in actual operation, under normal flow conditions, the sensing unit 6 senses water flow conditions, the opening degree of the water gate unit 3 and the load status of the generator 522. When the flow rate and water pressure do not reach the full load of the generator 522 to generate electricity, the control unit 7 controls the water gate unit 3 to be completely closed, so that all water flows into the water turbine 51 from the upstream inlet 41 to generate electricity. When the water flow continues to increase and the generator 522 is fully loaded to generate electricity, the control unit 7 starts to dynamically adjust the opening degree of the water gate unit 3, so that the amount of water flowing into the turbine 51 and the water pressure can maintain the generator 522 at full load. However, in the case of no overload, the generator 522 can provide the best power generation efficiency and prevent excessive water flow and water pressure from damaging the power generation module 52.

When a rainstorm or a typhoon causes the water volume to increase sharply, the control unit 7 controls the water gate unit 3 to be fully opened so that most of the water flow can be discharged through the water gate unit 3, so that the power generation unit 5 can be reduced from being impacted by heavy water. Probability of damage.

It is worth mentioning that the control unit 7 can also use a mechanical learning and prediction model to adjust the opening time and opening state of the water gate unit 3, so as to achieve a better power generation effect or flood discharge effect.

Referring to Fig. 5, when the width of the river ditch is wide and the water flow is large, a plurality of stream-type small hydroelectric power generation systems can also be installed on the river ditch. Among them, in order to achieve the best power generation efficiency and take into account the convenience of installation, it is better to install a stream-type small hydropower system for every 1 to 7 cubic meters per second (cms) of flow.

As shown in Fig. 5, the river and ditches are defined as two flow channels 9, and each flow channel 9 is provided with a small flow type hydroelectric power generation system. Among them, the embankment 2 located in the middle of the river can be consolidated into a single embankment 2.

Referring to Figure 1, Figure 2 and Figure 3, through the above description, the effects of this embodiment are as follows:

1. By setting the water gate unit 3 to block water flow, setting the connecting pipe 4 connecting the upstream and downstream of the water gate unit 3, and arranging the water turbine 51 at the upstream inlet 41 to drive the power generation module 52 to generate electricity, Under normal circumstances, water flows into the water turbine 51 to generate electricity. When there is heavy rain or heavy water, the water gate unit 3 can be opened to discharge most of the flood water through the water gate unit 3. In this way, it can not only ensure stable power generation in normal times, but also prevent flooding caused by heavy rains and ensure the safety of waterways. The power generation unit 5 can replace the original energy dissipator and convert the kinetic energy that needs to be consumed into Power generation revenue, and use the power generation revenue as the maintenance cost of river facilities, or supply electricity to nearby users for use. Furthermore, the water after power generation will flow back to the downstream waterways, so it does not affect the irrigation or drainage effects of the original ditches, which meets the needs of environmentally friendly green energy power generation.

The water gate unit 3 can be implemented with an automatic falling water gate. The automatic falling water gate can fall under its own weight without power. In the event of a flood or a disaster, it can still be affected by the force of water or gravity. The automatic lodging can achieve the effect of automatic safety protection. Moreover, the control complexity of the automatic falling water gate is relatively low, the equipment is relatively simple, the cost is low, and it has the advantages of unmanned management.

2. By setting the sensing unit 6 to sense the water flow condition and the load status of the generator 522, and dynamically adjust the opening and closing degree of the water gate unit 3 accordingly, the generator 522 can provide the best power generation efficiency and avoid The excessive water flow damages the power generation module 52.

In summary, the stream-type small hydroelectric power generation system of the present invention can indeed achieve the purpose of the invention.

However, the above are only examples of the present invention. When the scope of implementation of the present invention cannot be limited by this, all simple equivalent changes and modifications made in accordance with the scope of the patent application of the present invention and the content of the patent specification still belong to This invention patent covers the scope.

2: river embankment 21: Embankment 22: Set the seat 23: Orbit 3: Watergate unit 31: Hydraulic rod 32: Watergate 321: The Top of the Watergate 4: Connecting pipe 41: Upstream entrance 42: Downstream exit 43: pipe wall 431: The pipe wall is located at one end of the upstream 44: limit part 5: Power generation unit 51: Water Turbine 511: Shell 512: Through hole 513: Fan Blade Group 514: Power Shaft 515: Bearing 52: power generation module 521: Transmission 522: Generator 523: Controller 53: Pedestal 54: pulley 6: Sensing unit 7: Control unit 9: Runner

Other features and effects of the present invention will be clearly presented in the embodiments with reference to the drawings, in which: Fig. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an embodiment of the stream-type small hydroelectric power generation system of the present invention applied to river ditches; Figure 2 is a schematic top view of the embodiment; Figure 3 is a block diagram of this embodiment; Figure 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view illustrating the assembly process of a water turbine of this embodiment; and FIG. 5 is a schematic top view illustrating a situation in which a plurality of this embodiment is installed in a river and trench.

2: river embankment

21: Embankment

22: Set the seat

23: Orbit

3: Watergate unit

31: Hydraulic rod

32: Watergate

321: The Top of the Watergate

4: Connecting pipe

41: Upstream entrance

42: Downstream exit

43: pipe wall

431: The pipe wall is located at one end of the upstream

44: limit part

5: Power generation unit

51: Water Turbine

511: Shell

512: Through hole

513: Fan Blade Group

514: Power Shaft

515: Bearing

52: power generation module

53: Pedestal

54: pulley

Claims (8)

A stream-type small hydroelectric power generation system, suitable for erection on a first-flow channel, and includes: two river embankments, suitable for being extended along the channel and arranged on both sides of the channel; a water gate unit, an automatic falling water gate, connected The river embankments can be opened and closed to control the water flow. The water gate unit has two hydraulic rods respectively arranged on the river embankments, and a water gate connected to the hydraulic rods and used to intercept the water flow. The hydraulic rod expands and contracts to open and close; a connecting pipe includes an upstream inlet located upstream of the water gate unit, and a downstream outlet located downstream of the water gate unit and connected to the upstream inlet, the height of the upstream inlet being lower than the water gate The stable water level height of the unit when it is closed; and a power generation unit, including a water turbine arranged at the upstream inlet and rotated by water flow, and a power generation module connected to the water turbine and connected to the water turbine to generate electricity. The stream-type small hydroelectric power generation system according to claim 1, wherein the height of the upstream entrance is higher than the height of the top of the water gate when it is fully opened. The stream-type small hydroelectric power generation system of claim 1, wherein each river bank includes a bank wall and a set seat extending upward from the bank wall, and the set seats are respectively provided for one end of the hydraulic rods set up. The stream-type small hydroelectric power generation system according to claim 1, wherein the communication pipe includes a pipe wall extending from the upstream inlet to the downstream outlet, and a pipe wall extending inwardly from the pipe wall adjacent to the upstream inlet The limit part is provided for the hydraulic turbine. The stream-type small hydroelectric power generation system according to claim 4, wherein the water turbine has a casing with a plurality of through holes through which water flows, a fan blade group arranged in the casing, and a fan blade group connected to the fan blade group With the power shaft of the power generation module, the casing is arranged at the upstream entrance and abuts against the limiting part. The fan blade group is driven to rotate by the water flow and drives the power shaft to rotate to link the power generation module to generate electricity. The stream-type small hydroelectric power generation system according to claim 1, wherein each river bank includes a bank and a track arranged along the bank, and the power generation unit further includes a plurality of pulleys arranged on the tracks, and A base erected on the pulleys for the power generation module to be installed, and the pulleys are used to drive the base to slide along the tracks. The stream-type small hydropower system according to claim 6, wherein the installation heights of the base and the power generation module are higher than the stable water level of the water gate unit when it is closed. The stream-type small hydroelectric power generation system according to claim 1, further comprising a sensing unit and a control unit for signal connection to the water gate unit, the power generation unit and the sensing unit, and the control unit is based on the sensing unit The condition is sensed to control the opening and closing degree of the water gate unit.

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