TW202212673A - Run-of-the-river small hydroelectric generation system including two dikes, a water gate unit, a communicating pipe and a power generation unit - Google Patents

Abstract

Provided is a run-of-the-river small hydroelectric generation system including two dikes, a water gate unit, a communicating pipe and a power generation unit. The dikes are disposed on two sides of a flow channel. The water gate unit is connected with the dikes and is openable and closable to control a water flow. The communicating pipe includes an upstream inlet located on the upstream of the water gate unit and a downstream outlet located on the downstream of the water gate unit. The height of the upstream inlet is lower than the height of a stabilized water level when the water gate unit is closed. The power generation unit includes a water turbine disposed on the upstream inlet and driven by the water flow to rotate and a power generation module connected with the water turbine and interlocked by the water turbine to generate power. Therefore, the water flow generally flows into the water turbine to generate powers, however, when flood occurs, the water gate unit is opened, so that most of flood is drained through the water gate unit.

Description

Stream-flow small hydropower system

The present invention relates to a hydroelectric power generation system, in particular to a stream-flow small hydroelectric power generation system.

There is a large height difference between the mountains and plains in Taiwan. In many rivers or canals, energy dissipation facilities are required to eliminate the kinetic energy of the downward impact of the high-speed flowing water upstream, so as to reduce the damage of the river topography and the building by the impact of the water flow. Common principles of energy dissipation facilities include hydraulic jump, air floatation or other energy dissipation methods. Among them, the facilities of the water jumping method include, for example, an apron, a sloping apron, etc., the facilities of the air-floating method, such as a ski jump bucket, and the facilities of other methods, such as a still pool ( stilling basin), including chute (chute), stone platform (sill), buffer column (baffle pier) and so on.

The average annual rainfall in Taiwan is 2515 mm, and the height difference between the mountains and plains is large, which is theoretically suitable for hydropower generation. But in fact, Taiwan's winter rainfall is low, and when a typhoon occurs in summer, it is easy to cause a sudden increase in water volume due to heavy rain. Therefore, the problem of using river hydropower to generate electricity is that in winter, the power generation is not easy to increase due to the low water volume, and in summer, the power generation mechanism may be washed out due to the surge in the water volume of the typhoon.

Therefore, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a stream-flow small hydroelectric power generation system with both energy dissipation and power generation effects.

Therefore, the stream-flow small hydroelectric power generation system of the present invention is suitable for erecting on a flow channel, and includes two river banks, a water gate unit, a connecting pipe, and a power generating unit.

The river banks are adapted to be arranged on both sides of the flow channel extending along the flow channel.

The water gate unit is an automatic falling water gate, which is connected to the river banks and can be opened and closed to control the water flow.

The communication pipe includes an upstream inlet located upstream of the water gate unit, and a downstream outlet located downstream of the water gate unit and communicated with the upstream inlet. The height of the upstream inlet is lower than the stable water level height of the water gate unit when the water gate unit is closed.

The power generation unit includes a water turbine disposed at the upstream inlet and driven by the water flow to rotate, and a power generation module connected to the water turbine and linked by the water turbine to generate electricity.

The effect of the present invention is: by arranging the water gate unit to block the water flow, arranging the communication pipe connecting the upstream and downstream of the water gate unit, and collocating the water turbine at the upstream inlet to drive the power generation module to generate electricity, the water flow can be In general, the water turbine flows into the turbine to generate electricity. When there is heavy rain or heavy water, most of the floodwater can be vented through the water gate unit by opening the water gate unit. In this way, not only the stable power generation can be ensured in peacetime, but also the original energy dissipator can be replaced by the power generation unit, and the kinetic energy that needs to be consumed can be converted into power generation income.

Referring to FIG. 1 , FIG. 2 and FIG. 3 , an embodiment of the small stream-flow hydroelectric power generation system of the present invention is suitable for erecting in rivers and ditches, and uses the water flow in the rivers and ditches to generate electricity.

Among them, the present invention is suitable to be erected in rivers and ditches where there is a suitable drop (for example: a drop of 0.5-10 meters) and a large flow (for example: a flow of more than 1 cubic meter per second (cms)) to obtain Better power generation efficiency.

This embodiment includes two river banks 2 , a water gate unit 3 , a communication pipe 4 , and a power generation unit 5 . Wherein, this embodiment preferably further includes a sensing unit 6 and a control unit 7 .

The river ditch defines a flow channel 9 for the water supply to flow. The river banks 2 are adapted to be arranged on both sides of the flow channel 9 extending along the flow channel 9 . Each river bank 2 includes a bank wall 21 , a setting seat 22 extending upward from the bank wall 21 , and a track 23 along the bank wall 21 .

The water gate unit 3 is connected to the river banks 2 and can be opened and closed to control the water flow. The water gate unit 3 is an automatic falling water gate, such as an inflatable rubber dam or a hydraulic automatic falling weir as shown in this embodiment. The water gate unit 3 has two hydraulic rods 31 respectively disposed on the installation seats 22 , and a water gate 32 connected to the hydraulic rods 31 for intercepting water flow. The water gate 32 is extended and retracted by the hydraulic rods 31 . And turn on and off. Among them, the solid line in FIGS. 1 and 4 represents the position when the water gate unit 3 is fully opened, and the imaginary line represents the position when the water gate unit 3 is fully closed. The position of the hydraulic rods 31 is preferably higher than the height of the water gate 32 (especially the part of the hydraulic cylinder), so that the probability of the hydraulic rods 31 being immersed in water and damaged by water flow and sediment can be reduced. The feature of automatic lodging water gate is that it can lodging by itself in the state of no power. Therefore, in the event of a flood or a power outage, it can still automatically lodge due to the impulse or gravity of the water, which not only facilitates control but also reduces the number of settings. The advantage of cost, but also the function of automatic safety protection. Since the operation details of the inflatable rubber dam or the hydraulic automatic collapse weir are all familiar to the industry, they will not be repeated here.

Referring to FIGS. 1 , 2 and 3 , the communication pipe 4 is embedded in the bottom of the river ditch, and includes an upstream inlet 41 located upstream of the water gate unit 3 , and a downstream outlet located downstream of the water gate unit 3 and communicated with the upstream inlet 41 . 42. A pipe wall 43 extending from the upstream inlet 41 to the downstream outlet 42 , and a limiting portion 44 extending inward from the pipe wall 43 adjacent to the upstream inlet 41 . The height of the upstream inlet 41 is lower than the stable water level when the water gate unit 3 is closed, and higher than the top of the water gate 32 (marked 321 in FIG. 1 ) when the water gate 32 is fully opened. The stable water level height here refers to the height at which the water level reaches a stable height under normal (non-flood) conditions when the water gate unit 3 is closed. Therefore, when the water gate unit 3 is closed, the water flow will flow in from the upstream inlet 41 to drive the power generation unit 5 to generate electricity, and then flow out from the downstream outlet 42 to return to the waterway. When the water gate unit 3 is fully opened, most of the water flow will flow into the downstream through the water gate unit 3, so that the power generation unit 5 can be prevented from being damaged due to excessive operation caused by floods.

It is worth mentioning that the pipe wall 43 is located upstream and defines one end of the upstream inlet 41 (marked 431 in FIG. 1 ), preferably higher than the bottom of the river ditch, so that the sediment at the bottom of the river ditch can be reduced. Or a stone rolls into the power generation unit 5 and causes damage.

The power generation unit 5 includes a water turbine 51 installed at the upstream inlet 41 and rotated by the water flow, a power generation module 52 connected to the water turbine 51 and driven by the water turbine 51 to generate electricity, and a water turbine 51 installed on the river banks 2 for power generation The base 53 of the power generation module 52 and a plurality of pulleys 54 are disposed on the base 53 and the rails 23 and used to drive the base 53 to slide along the rails 23 .

The water turbine 51 has a casing 511 having a plurality of through holes 512 for water flow, a fan blade set 513 disposed in the casing 511, a power shaft 514 connecting the fan blade set 513 and the power generation module 52, and A plurality of bearings 515 are provided on the housing 511 and are passed through by the power shaft 514 . The housing 511 is disposed at the upstream inlet 41 and abuts against the limiting portion 44 downward. The fan blade set 513 is driven by the water flow to rotate, and drives the power shaft 514 to rotate to link the power generation module 52 to generate electricity. Wherein, the water turbine 51 may be a water turbine in the form of an axial flow type, a turbine type, or a Kaplan turbine.

Wherein, by disposing the base 53 on the embankments 21 and disposing the power generation module 52 on the base 53 , the heights of the base 53 and the power generation module 52 can be high. The stable water level height when the water gate unit 3 is closed. In this way, whether in general power generation or when the water gate unit 3 is opened to discharge floods, the chance of the power generation module 52 being immersed in water and causing losses can be reduced.

In this embodiment, the casing 511 of the water turbine 51 is disposed on the limiting portion 44 extending inwardly from the pipe wall 43 , but in practical applications, the casing 511 of the water turbine 51 may also be matched with the shape of the casing 511 . A water turbine base (not shown) is arranged in the upstream inlet 41 for the water turbine 51 to be embedded, so as to obtain a better stabilization effect.

The power generation module 52 has a transmission 521 connected to the power shaft 514 , a generator 522 connected to the transmission 521 , and a controller 523 electrically connected to the generator 522 . Wherein, the transmission 521 is a speed increaser, and the generator 522 can be an inductive or DC, synchronous and other generator. The controller 523 controls the operation of the generator 522 so that the output power of the generator 522 can meet the power specifications required by the power company, so that the output power of the generator 522 can be output to the feeder of the power company to provide power Company or nearby users. Since the above-mentioned details of adjusting the output power to meet the requirements of the power company are well known in the industry, they will not be repeated here.

The sensing unit 6 is used for sensing the water flow, the opening state of the water gate unit 3 and the load state of the generator 522 . The sensing unit 6 can use a water level meter, a flow meter, or a flow meter to sense information such as water level, flow rate, and flow rate of the water flow. For example, the water level meter can use the sensing methods of pressure, weight, buoyancy, conductivity, capacitance, photoelectricity, ultrasonic wave, microwave, etc. A sensor that senses the flow of water. The sensing unit 6 can sense the water gate unit 3 by using photoelectric, angle and linear distance encoders, position sensing switches and other devices to obtain the open state of the water gate unit 3 . The load state of the generator 522 can be determined by measuring the current and voltage of the generator 522 . Since this part of the technology can be deduced by those with ordinary knowledge in the technical field according to the above description, the extended details will not be described further.

The control unit 7 is signally connected to the water gate unit 3 , the power generation unit 5 and the sensing unit 6 . The control unit 7 controls the degree of opening and closing of the water gate unit 3 according to the sensing condition of the sensing unit 6 .

Wherein, the control unit 7 can control the water gate unit 3 to open or close according to the water flow conditions, for example, when the water level, flow rate, or flow velocity is greater than a predetermined value, it controls the water gate unit 3 to partially open or fully open, so as to be able to In emergencies or when the water volume increases rapidly, the flood can be quickly vented to avoid water blockage and overflow. At this time, it is better to control the generator 522 to trip and shut down at the same time, so as to reduce the possibility of the generator 522 being damaged.

In addition, the control unit 7 preferably has a built-in emergency full-open mode, for example, in the event of a power outage or water runaway, it will quickly control the water gate unit 3 to fully open to avoid flooding and overflow and achieve zero disaster requirements.

In practical application, since many farmland irrigation and drainage channels and mountain pit drainage or regional drainage have large flow rates, a location with a suitable drop and the largest flood peak over the years can be set by the water gate unit 3 harmlessly.

Referring to FIGS. 1 , 2 and 4 , during assembly, after building the river banks 2 , the water gate unit 3 and the communication pipe 4 , the water turbine 51 is lifted and placed in alignment with the upstream inlet 41 . After stable placement, the water turbine 51 and the pipe wall 43 are locked with screws, then, the base 53 and the pulley 54 are set above the water turbine 51 , and the power generation module 52 is connected to the power shaft of the water turbine 51 After 514, the assembly is completed.

When the water turbine 51 needs to be repaired, it is only necessary to detach the power generation module 52 from the power shaft 514 as shown in FIG. A crane lifts the water turbine 51 for maintenance.

Referring to FIG. 1 , FIG. 2 and FIG. 3 , in actual operation, under the condition of normal flow, the sensing unit 6 senses the water flow condition, the opening degree of the water gate unit 3 and the load state of the generator 522 . When the flow rate and water pressure do not reach the full load of the generator 522 to generate electricity, the control unit 7 controls the water gate unit 3 to completely close, so that the water flow flows into the water turbine 51 from the upstream inlet 41 and generates electricity. When the water flow continues to increase and the generator 522 is fully loaded to generate electricity, the control unit 7 starts to dynamically adjust the opening degree of the water gate unit 3 so that the water volume and water pressure flowing into the turbine 51 can maintain the generator 522 at full load. However, in the case of not overloading, the generator 522 can provide the best power generation efficiency, and prevent the power generation module 52 from being damaged by excessive water flow and water pressure.

When the rainstorm or typhoon causes the water volume to increase sharply, the control unit 7 controls the water gate unit 3 to fully open, so that most of the water flow can be vented through the water gate unit 3, so that the power generation unit 5 can be reduced due to the impact of heavy water. probability of damage.

It is worth mentioning that the control unit 7 can also use the machine learning and prediction model to adjust the opening time and opening state of the water gate unit 3, so as to achieve better power generation effect or flood discharge effect.

Referring to FIG. 5 , when the width of the river ditch is wider and the water flow rate is larger, a plurality of small stream-flow hydropower generation systems can also be set on the river ditch. Among them, in order to achieve the best power generation efficiency and take into account the convenience of installation, it is better to set up a small flow hydropower system for every flow of 1 to 7 cubic meters per second (cms).

As shown in FIG. 5 , the river and ditch are defined as two flow channels 9 , and each flow channel 9 is provided with a small stream-flow hydroelectric power generation system. Wherein, the embankment 2 located in the middle of the river and ditch can be integrated into a single embankment 2 .

Referring to Figure 1, Figure 2 and Figure 3, through the above description, the effect of this embodiment is as follows:

1. By arranging the water gate unit 3 to block the water flow, arranging the communication pipe 4 connecting the upstream and downstream of the water gate unit 3, and arranging the water turbine 51 at the upstream inlet 41 to drive the power generation module 52 to generate electricity, the The water flow generally flows into the water turbine 51 to generate electricity. When there is heavy rain or heavy water, most of the flood water can be vented through the water gate unit 3 by opening the water gate unit 3 . In this way, it can not only ensure the stable power generation in normal times, but also prevent the flooding disaster caused by heavy rain, and ensure the safety of the waterway. The power generation unit 5 can replace the original energy dissipator, and the kinetic energy that needs to be consumed can be converted into Generate electricity revenue, and use the electricity generation revenue as the maintenance cost of river facilities, or supply electricity to nearby users for use. In addition, the water flow after power generation will flow back to the downstream waterway, therefore, it does not affect the irrigation or drainage effect of the original ditch, which meets the needs of environmental protection and green energy power generation.

The water gate unit 3 is implemented in combination with an automatic lodging water gate. The automatic lodging water gate can fall under its own weight in a powerless state. When encountering a flood or a disaster and power outage, the water gate can still be affected by the impulse or gravity of the water. And automatic lodging, it can achieve the effect of automatic safety protection. In addition, the automatic falling water gate has low control complexity, simple equipment, low cost, and has the advantages of unmanned management.

2. By setting the sensing unit 6 to sense the water flow condition and the load state of the generator 522, and dynamically adjusting the opening and closing degree of the water gate unit 3 accordingly, the generator 522 can provide the best power generation efficiency and avoid Excessive water flow damages the power generation module 52 .

To sum up, the stream-flow small hydroelectric power generation system of the present invention can indeed achieve the purpose of the present invention.

However, the above are only examples of the present invention, and should not limit the scope of the present invention. Any simple equivalent changes and modifications made according to the scope of the application for patent of the present invention and the content of the patent specification are still within the scope of the present invention. within the scope of the invention patent.

2: Embankment 21: Dike 22: Set the seat 23: Orbit 3: Watergate unit 31: Oil pressure rod 32: Watergate 321: Top of the Watergate 4: Connecting pipe 41: Upstream entrance 42: Downstream export 43: Pipe Wall 431: The pipe wall is at one end upstream 44: Limiting part 5: Power generation unit 51: Turbine 511: Shell 512: Through hole 513: Fan blade group 514: Power shaft 515: Bearing 52: Power generation module 521: Transmission 522: Generator 523: Controller 53: Pedestal 54: Pulley 6: Sensing unit 7: Control unit 9: runner

Other features and effects of the present invention will be clearly presented in the embodiments with reference to the drawings, wherein: 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an embodiment of the stream-flow small hydroelectric power generation system of the present invention applied to rivers and ditches; 2 is a schematic top view of this embodiment; Fig. 3 is a block schematic diagram of this embodiment; 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view illustrating the assembly process of a water turbine of this embodiment; and FIG. 5 is a schematic top view illustrating a situation in which a plurality of the embodiment is provided in a river and ditch.

2: Embankment

21: Dike

22: Set the seat

23: Orbit

3: Watergate unit

31: Oil pressure rod

32: Watergate

321: Top of the Watergate

4: Connecting pipe

41: Upstream entrance

42: Downstream export

43: Pipe Wall

431: The pipe wall is at one end upstream

44: Limiting part

5: Power generation unit

51: Turbine

511: Shell

512: Through hole

513: Fan blade group

514: Power shaft

515: Bearing

52: Power generation module

53: Pedestal

54: Pulley

Claims (9)

A stream-flow small hydroelectric power generation system, suitable for erecting a flow channel, and comprising: Two river embankments, suitable for extending along the flow channel on both sides of the flow channel; A water gate unit, which is an automatic falling water gate, connected to the river banks, and can be opened and closed to control the flow of water; a communication pipe comprising an upstream inlet located upstream of the water gate unit, and a downstream outlet located downstream of the water gate unit and connected to the upstream inlet, the height of the upstream inlet being lower than the height of the stable water level when the water gate unit is closed; and A power generation unit includes a water turbine arranged at the upstream inlet and driven by water flow to rotate, and a power generation module connected to the water turbine and linked by the water turbine to generate electricity. The stream-flow small hydroelectric power generation system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the water gate unit has two hydraulic rods respectively disposed on the river banks, and a water gate connected with the hydraulic rods and used for intercepting water flow, The water gate is opened and closed by the expansion and contraction of the hydraulic rods. The stream-flow small hydroelectric power generation system as claimed in claim 2, wherein the height of the upstream inlet is higher than the height of the top of the water gate when it is fully opened. The small river-flow hydroelectric power generation system as claimed in claim 2, wherein each river bank comprises a bank wall and an installation seat extending upward from the bank wall, and the installation seats are respectively used for one end of the hydraulic rods. set up. The small stream-flow hydroelectric power generation system of claim 1, wherein the communication pipe comprises a pipe wall extending from the upstream inlet to the downstream outlet, and a pipe wall extending inward from the pipe wall adjacent to the upstream inlet A limit part, the limit part is provided for the water turbine to be set. The small river-flow hydroelectric power generation system as claimed in claim 5, wherein the water turbine has a casing with a plurality of through holes for water supply flow, a fan blade group disposed in the casing, and a fan blade group connected to the fan blade group With the power shaft of the power generation module, the casing is disposed at the upstream inlet and abuts against the limiting portion, the fan blade group is driven by water flow to rotate, and drives the power shaft to rotate to link the power generation module to generate electricity. The small river-flow hydroelectric power generation system as claimed in claim 1, wherein each river bank comprises a bank wall and a track arranged along the bank wall, the power generation unit further comprises a plurality of pulleys arranged on the tracks, and A base is arranged on the pulleys for the power generation module, and the pulleys are used to drive the base to slide along the tracks. The stream-flow small hydroelectric power generation system according to claim 7, wherein the setting heights of the base and the power generation module are both higher than the stable water level height of the water gate unit when it is closed. The river-flow small hydroelectric power generation system as claimed in claim 1, further comprising a sensing unit and a control unit for signally connecting the water gate unit, the power generating unit and the sensing unit, the control unit according to the Sensing the condition to control the degree of opening and closing of the water gate unit.

Images