JP4344697B2 - Multi layer breathable knitted fabric - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to multilayer breathable (ie, water vapor permeable) woven fabrics (including woven and knitted fabrics), and in particular (but not exclusively) to woven fabrics for clothing. In certain embodiments, the present invention relates to a fabric for manufacturing a work clothing article that is protective against the effects of heat, flame, electric arc, and the like. Accordingly, the present invention also relates to a fire protection garment having a novel breathable moisture transport cloth as an inner layer. However, knitted fabrics can also be used in the leisure sector, for example to produce functional underwear.

  State-of-the-art technology already describes the construction of “breathable” fabrics such as those sold under the name GORETEX®. Breathable fabrics are essentially impermeable on one side, but on the other side allow water vapor to escape through the fabric. These fabrics are used for clothing items, especially jackets and coats and trousers. Here, the fabric is waterproof, but at the same time prevents the collection of water vapor caused by sweat under the coat. Patent document 1 describes a waterproof fabric having at least two different layers.

  U.S. Patent No. 6,057,031 describes a multi-layered woven fabric consisting of two fabric layers of different denier values used to transport sweat and other body fluids. The fabric layer has a material from the group consisting of polyester, nylon and acrylic resin. However, this fabric is not suitable for producing protective clothing.

  U.S. Patent No. 6,057,031 describes a multi-layered woven fabric having an inner layer of microfibers that has a wicking or capillary effect and improves water vapor transport from the inside to the outside. The described woven fabric can be used to produce sports garments, leisure garments and the like.

  Typically, protective clothing for firefighters, for example, is very heavy in itself. Protective clothing provides protection by being large and heavy, but this greatly limits the wearer's ability to exercise and results in severe thermal stresses, thus significantly reducing the comfort of wearing.

  Furthermore, it must be taken into account that the fire protection garment must meet national standards, for example DIN EN469 standard or SN054551 standard.

  As explained above, due to the lack of transport of sweat from the inner protective clothing, the people in question, firefighters, are very well protected against danger from the outside. It has been found that the comfort of wearing is not optimal from a physiological point of view, despite the multilayer structure. Furthermore, if a large amount of moisture accumulates on the skin, serious burns are a concern here as a result of the generation of steam, which is very dangerous in the event of a fire.

  Therefore, in the area of protective clothing for firefighters, a material that combines protective function, flame and thermal insulation, and better wearing comfort by facilitating the transport of sweat without accumulating moisture in the fibers Has long been needed to discover.

US Pat. No. 3,272,685 German Patent Application Publication No. 19547704A1 German Patent Application Publication No. 4307501A1

  Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide a novel multilayer breathable fabric that can be used to produce garments, particularly fire proof garments.

  This object is achieved by a multilayer breathable knitted fabric 1 for a garment with increased wear comfort through easy moisture transport, which is connected to one another by dots or lines or over the entire surface. The warp and weft yarns are made of aramid yarns or aramid twisted yarns or aramid filament yarns or yarns made of blended fibers containing polybenzimidazole fibers and aramid fibers The layers 2, 3 cause a fineness gradient across the thickness 7 of the fabric 1 due to the different degree of fineness of the individual fibers, and the essentially skin-facing side 6 of the layer 3 The layer of the side surface 4 having fineness and facing the other side of the skin is characterized by having finer individual fineness.

  Due to the intelligent structuring of the woven fabric, a good insulation effect is achieved with a relatively low square meter weight. In addition, sweat generated by the wearer is immediately transported to the opposite side of the skin (the wicking effect) so that the wearer no longer experiences a moist feel and can accumulate moisture There is no.

  Compared to the state-of-the-art established reference material, namely the aramid backing material, the fabric according to the present invention provides substantially the same thermal insulation, but absorbs moisture per square meter weight compared to prior art materials And about 4-8 times higher. The time for which the sweat droplets are absorbed is less than 1 second for the material according to the invention. For conventional materials, ie aramid backing materials, this value is about 5 minutes.

  The operation mode of the knitted fabric 1 according to the present invention will be described as follows. The fabric 1 consists of at least two separate single plies 2, 3 joined together at a predetermined location 5 by a selected binding yarn that is part of a ply 3 facing away from the skin. Is done. The binding yarn is woven or knitted or stitched through the ply 2 on the skin side. The binding yarn is visible in the form of dots at this predetermined position on the skin surface 6.

  The moisture that forms on the skin is absorbed by the microfibers that make up the binding yarns that form the dots 5 located on the skin surface 6, and then the moisture is applied to the ply facing the opposite side of the capillary action and skin. Depending on the preferred direction of the binding yarn towards 3, it is transported along the binding yarn by the capillary action of the microfibers behind the ply or layer 3. On the side 6 facing the skin, the water evaporates rapidly due to the large surface of the waffle structure. Thus, the side 6 facing the skin always remains relatively dry compared to conventional materials such as, for example, normal aramid backing cloth.

  According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the multi-layer breathable knitted fabric 1 is used for producing work clothing, for example for firefighters. The knitted fabric 1 is composed of a base fabric, a ply or layer 2, and a microfiber fabric, a ply or layer 3, and each layer 2, 3 has a warp and a weft.

  The warp and weft of each of layers 2 and 3 can be made of aramid spun yarn (made from staple fiber), and multifilament continuous yarn can also be used. Combinations are possible. However, according to the present invention, phenol formaldehyde fibers, polyamide / polyimide fibers, polybenzimidazole fibers, or fiber mixtures made with the above fibers, or fiber mixtures with aramid yarns, or blends containing polybenzimidazole and aramid fibers It is also possible to use fibers.

  When the fabric 1 according to the invention is used in the leisure sector, it is of course no longer necessary to use aramid yarn. In this case, polyester and / or polyamide yarns can be used for either or both of the layers 2 and 3. Such materials are basically known to those skilled in the art.

  According to the present invention, the aramid yarns are Nomex®, Kevlar®, Twaron®, Technora®, and Teijin Conex ( It consists of aramid fibers from the group consisting of Teijinconex). Products such as Kynol (registered trademark) are used as the phenol formaldehyde fiber, and products such as Kermel (registered trademark) are used as the polyamide / polyimide fiber.

  Possible weaves are all basic woven or knitted type weaves, as well as variations thereof.

  Aramid fibers are either natural or dyed.

According to the invention, the fabric layers 2, 3 have a square meter weight in the range of 50-450 g / m ² .

According to the present invention, in a preferred embodiment, the breathable fabric 1 is a dual construction comprising at least two layers or plies 2, 3 bonded together. Layers 2 and 3 are part of the ply 3 facing away from the skin and are joined together by a selected binding thread that forms dots 5 or lines or spans the entire surface. Thereby, in one embodiment, the pattern shown in FIG. 1 may be formed. As shown in FIG. 1, the individual microfiber dots 5 are each at a distance of x _{1 in} the weft direction and x _{2 in} the warp direction. The distances x ₁ and x ₂ should be selected in such a way that a minute water droplet on the surface 6 of the layer 2 facing the skin contacts at least one of the dots 5 or lines. The base fabric or layer 2 according to the invention consists essentially of a basic woven or knitted base fabric, the layers 2 and 3 being different in the degree of fineness of the individual fiber denier, i.e. the individual fibers. A fineness gradient is produced over the thickness 7 of the fabric 1. However, according to the invention, the finer denier layer 3 is on the outside, ie the side 4 facing away from the skin. In particular, this layer 3 has an individual fineness of less than 1.3 dtex, in particular less than 1 dtex. Preferably, the microfiber layer 3 has a highly structured surface 10. The fibers used in layer 3 are microfibers, i.e. new generation ultrafine fibers. By using these microfiber yarns, it is possible to produce a very windproof and water-repellent microporous fabric that is soft to the touch but dissipates the water vapor or moisture of a sweating person well. This effect is illustrated in FIG. The sweat 8 formed on the skin is received by the microfiber dots 5 and transported to the outside by the capillary action (wicking effect 9) of the binding yarn of the cloth 3. This wicking effect 9 is essential for transporting moisture 8 (sweat, condensed water) from the inner side 6 to the outer side 4.

In one embodiment, the woven fabric 1 can be used in a fireproof jacket. The knitted fabric 1 or insulating backing may be used in a composite with other materials. For example,
(A) an outer layer or shell as a single or two-layer or three-layer laminate;
(B) Intermediate waterproof layer: a laminate with or without a backing layer;
(C) Inner fabric 1: Fritche “Function” (according to the invention), eg 95% Nomex®, 5% Kevlar® 100% aramid mixed with microfibers, 100~350g / ^{m 2} range, particularly square meter weight of 280 g / ^{m 2,} the range of 100～200Cm, especially the width of 160cm; fineness of yarns, warp and weft: in layer 2 of the fabric 1 Nomex ( Nomex) III, Paris Blue Nm40 / 2, in layer 1 of fabric 1 is meta-aramid microfiber, natural white Nm80 / 2; and weave type of fabric 1: fabric: special double-sided (layer) Weaving, especially Sonia 0203 pattern,
Can be produced.

Has a cut length of 5 cm,
1.7 decitex staple fiber of 95% by weight colored poly-metaphenylene isophthalamide (meta-aramid);
5% by weight of poly-paraphenylene terephthalamide (para-aramid) fiber;
Nomex from EI du Pont de Nemours and Company, Wilmington, Delaware, USA, Wilmington, Delaware, USA ) (R) N301 fiber blend was ring spun into single staple yarn (Y1) using a conventional cotton staple processing machine.

  Y1 had a linear density of Nm 40/1 or 250 dtex and a twist number of 700 revolutions / meter (TPM) in the Z direction. This was then steamed to stabilize the wrinkle tendency. The two Y1 yarns were then twisted together. The obtained twisted yarn (TY1) had a linear density of Nm 40/2 or 500 dtex and a twist number of 500 TPM in the S direction. TY1 was used as warp and weft for ply or base fabric 2 facing the skin.

  EI Dupont de Nemours and Company of Wilmington, Delaware, USA, made of 1.1 decitex staple fiber of 100% poly-metaphenyleneisophthalamide (meta-aramid) with a cut length of 5 cm (E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company, Wilmington, Delaware, U.S.A.) using a conventional cotton staple processing apparatus using a fiber commercially available under the trade name Nomex (registered trademark) T450. Then, ring spinning was performed on a single staple yarn (Y2).

  Y2 had a linear density of Nm80 / 1 or 125 dtex and a twist number of 1070 revolutions / meter (TPM) in the Z direction. This was then steamed to stabilize the wrinkle tendency. The two Y2 yarns were then twisted together. The resultant twisted yarn (TY2) had a linear density of Nm80 / 2 or 250 dtex and a twist number of 750 TPM in the S direction. TY2 was used as the warp and weft for ply 3 facing the other side of the skin. Since TY2 has the highest degree of capillary action, it was also used as a binding yarn between two plies.

  TY1 and TY2 were woven into a special double-sided weave according to the Sonja 0203 pattern as shown in FIGS.

This fabric 1 was tested as an inner liner insulation layer used in a multilayer structure (garment of Table I). The multi-layer structure is further manufactured from (1) 85% by weight Nomex® and 15% by weight Kevlar® non-woven fabric having a specific gravity of 135 g / m ² (US Delaware) GL Gore and Associates of the state (commercially available under the trade name GORETEX (R) Fire Blocker N) from WL Gore and Associates, Delaware, USA An intermediate waterproof layer which is a polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) film laminate on the top, and (2) a specific gravity of 195 g / m ² and EI Dupont de Nemours & Co., Wilmington, Delaware, USA Company (EI du Pont de Nemours and Company, Wil and an outer shell composed of a fiber blend having a cut length of 5 cm, commercially available from Inton, Delaware, USA under the trade name Nomex® N305. . The fiber blend is
(1) 1.7 decitex staple fiber of 75% colored colored poly-metaphenylene isophthalamide (meta-aramid);
(2) 23% poly-paraphenylene terephthalamide (para-aramid) fiber;
(3) 2% carbon core polyamide sheath type antistatic fiber;
Consists of.

  This fabric combination was tested for a combination of radiant heat and convective heat according to the Thermal Protection Performance (TPP) method (ISO-FDIS 17492) ASTM D-4108 (NFPA 1971).

The fabric failure factor (FFF) is the 100 × TPP rating (which is the energy (cal / cm ² ) measured to simulate a second degree burn) and the fabric weight (g / m ^2). ). FFF = 100 × TPP / cloth weight.

  Compared to the prior art or benchmark between 5.2-6.7, the FFF was 5.3.

  This 5.3 FFF indicates that the fabric of this example can be used in thermal protective garments.

  Moreover, this cloth 1 was tested according to a water permeability test, and 60 ml of water droplets were applied on the cloth 1 with a syringe. The test consisted of measuring the time of penetration and absorption. This test was repeated only for the ply 2 facing the skin without using the second ply 3 and the binding yarn. The results are shown in Table 2.

  This test shows that the skin facing ply not using the present invention is not better than a standard fabric. Thus, this test confirms that the present invention relies on the effect of dots composed of binding yarns by capillary action and the preferred direction of the binding yarns toward the ply facing the skin.

  This fabric 1 was tested according to the water absorption test method. The test consisted of applying a colored 20 ml drop of water on a ply of fabric facing the skin cloth, and after 60 seconds the size of the drop on each layer of the sample was measured. The results are shown in Table 3 and Table 4.

This test demonstrates the ability of the fabric to diffuse water on the ply facing away from the skin. Thus, the ply facing the skin always remains relatively dry as compared to conventional materials such as a control aramid backing cloth quilted with 250 g / m ² of felt.

Porous disc method STFI-Vorschr. From Sachsisches Textil Forstitute, which simulates the physiological properties of fabrics in contact with wet skin. Cloth 1 was tested for moisture absorption in PE03. Moisture absorption was measured in g / dm ² and relative water absorption was calculated according to fabric surface weight. The fabric 1 was also tested against a sweat protection hot plate test ISO-11092 to obtain a Ret value. This fabric is a control composed of 140 g / m ² Nomex® Comfort liner quilted with a 190 g / m ² Nomex® knitted insulation layer. Comparison with Fritsche 48101330022941. The results are shown in Table 5.

  These results demonstrate that the fabric has a moisture absorption per square meter weight that is about four times higher than prior art materials. These are good results, indicating that the fabric 1 can easily receive moisture from the wearer's skin. The Ret value of 5.78 is rated as very good (<6 very good, 6-13 good, 13-20 enough,> 20 insufficient) and this fabric 1 is very breathable Is demonstrated.

This fabric 1 was tested by contact heat resistance test according to prEN702. The time limit t _t (seconds) at 100 ° C. is measured at 19.8 seconds, more than the standard fabric from Nomex® N307 having a t _t (second) value of 18.4 seconds at 100 ° C. It was significantly better.

  The article of clothing according to the present invention can be configured as desired.

The fabric according to the invention is of course not limited to use for producing protective clothing. In particular, the fabric can be used for producing leisure garments, in particular for producing functional underwear.
Preferred embodiments of the present invention are as follows.
1. A multilayer breathable knitted fabric (1) for a garment having enhanced wear comfort through easy moisture transport comprising:
The textile fabric (1) comprises at least two separate layers (2, 3), and the two separate layers are selected to be part of the layer (3) facing away from the skin Are connected to each other at a predetermined position (5) by the binding yarns, the binding yarns are woven or knitted or stitched through the ply (2) on the skin side, and the warp and weft yarns are aramid Yarns or aramid twisted yarns or aramid filament yarns or yarns made from blended fibers containing polybenzimidazole and aramid fibers, the layers (2, 3) being a fabric due to the degree of fineness of the individual fibers The side (6) that provides a fineness gradient over the thickness (7) of (1), the essentially skin-facing side (6) of said layer (2) has a coarser individual fineness, and the side facing the opposite side of the skin Multilayer breathable textile fabric layer of (4) is characterized by having a finer individual fiber titer.
2. 2. The woven fabric according to 1 above, wherein the layer (2) is a woven fabric, a knitted fabric or a warp knitted fabric.
3. 2. The knitted fabric according to 1 above, wherein the second layer (3) is a woven fabric, a knitted fabric or a warp knitted fabric.
4). 4. The woven fabric according to the above 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that all of the layers (2, 3) have a structure showing the fineness of at least two different individual fibers.
5. 5. The woven fabric according to any one of the above 1 to 4, which has a double structure having two layers bonded to each other.
6). Layers (2) and (3) are visible on the side (6) facing the skin, but the proportion of the surface can be varied.
7). 7. The re-drying time of the side facing the skin (6) is optimally shortened by a combination of very fine fibers and a large surface area of the garment, according to any one of the above 1-6 Woven fabric.
8). 1 to 7, characterized in that the two layers (2, 3) are joined together by a special double-sided weave, by a special double-sided knitting, or by a special double-sided warp. The described woven fabric.
9. Layers (2, 3) has a square meter weight in the range of ^{50g / m 2 ~450g / m 2} , any of the above 1 to 8 square meter weight of the individual layers, characterized in that to obtain the same or different one The woven fabric described in the item.
10. 1 to 9 above, characterized in that the layer (3) is arranged on the outside (4), i.e. the side (4) facing away from the skin, and has an individual fineness of less than 1.3 dtex The woven fabric according to any one of the above.
11. The above 1 characterized in that the warp yarn comprises a multifilament aramid yarn or a multifilament aramid twisted yarn or an aramid filament yarn, and the weft yarn comprises a multifilament aramid yarn or a multifilament aramid twisted yarn or an aramid filament yarn alternately. The described woven fabric.
12 A multifilament aramid yarn or a multifilament aramid twisted yarn or an aramid filament yarn present in the weft yarn is similar to one of two alternately arranged different multifilament yarns or multifilament twisted yarns or aramid filament yarns forming a warp yarn or 12. The woven fabric according to 1 or 11 above, which is the same.
13. Aramid yarn is selected from the group consisting of poly-m-phenylene isophthalamide fiber, poly-p-phenylene terephthalamide fiber, or a mixture of poly-m-phenylene isophthalamide and poly-p-phenylene terephthalamide fiber; 13. The woven fabric according to 1 or 12 above, which is contained.
14 A structure comprising at least one two-layer woven composite having an inner layer, optionally an intermediate layer made of polyester or polyamide or aramid microfiber cloth, and an outer layer, any of 1-13 above An article of clothing characterized in that the multilayer breathable knitted fabric according to one aspect forms the inner layer.
15. A working garment having a textile covering layer made of high temperature resistant fibers for protection against the effects of heat, flame or electric arc,
A structure consisting of at least a two-layer woven composite having an inner layer, optionally an intermediate layer made of polyester or polyamide or aramid microfiber cloth, and an outer layer made of woven material made of high temperature resistant fibers. A work article having a structure in which the inner layer includes the multilayer breathable knitted fabric according to any one of 1 to 13 above.
16. 16. The work article according to the item 15, which is a fireproof jacket or fireproof trousers.

1 is a plan view of a multilayer fabric 1 according to the present invention, with the side surface 6 facing the skin. It is sectional drawing along line 2-2 of the multilayer fabric 1 according to this invention of FIG. It is the mechanical figure seen toward the skin surface 6 of the repeating part of the plain weave pattern of embodiment of the double woven fabric 1 used in an Example. FIG. 3b is a mechanical view of the repeating unit of the fabric 1 of FIG. 3b is a symbolic weave design of the fabric 1 of FIGS. 3a and 3b. Fig. 3c is a loom harness lifting plan for the symbol design of Fig. 3c, where each column corresponds to a separate harness.

Explanation of symbols

1 Woven fabric according to the "Fritsche Function" of the present invention 2 Base fabric, ply or layer 3 Ply or layer of microfiber with individual fineness less than 1.3 decitex 4 Layer facing the opposite side of the skin 3 side or surface 5 microfiber dots from layer 3 or manufactured with layer 3 microfiber binding thread 6 side or surface of layer 2 facing the skin 7 thickness of fabric 1 8 moisture (sweat, condensation Water, steam, water)
9 Wicking effect 10 Highly structured surface of microfiber layer 3 x Weft distance between ₁ microfiber dots x Distance between ₂ microfiber dots

Claims (3)

A multilayer breathable knitted fabric (1) for a garment having enhanced wear comfort through easy moisture transport comprising:
The textile fabric (1) comprises at least two separate layers (2, 3), and the two separate layers are selected to be part of the layer (3) facing away from the skin Are connected to each other at a predetermined position (5) by the binding yarns, the binding yarns are woven or knitted or stitched through the ply (2) on the skin side, and the warp and weft yarns are aramid Yarns or aramid twisted yarns or aramid filament yarns or yarns made from blended fibers containing polybenzimidazole and aramid fibers, the layers (2, 3) being a fabric due to the degree of fineness of the individual fibers The side (6) that provides a fineness gradient over the thickness (7) of (1), the essentially skin-facing side (6) of said layer (2) has a coarser individual fineness, and the side facing the opposite side of the skin Multilayer breathable textile fabric layer of (4) is characterized by having a finer individual fiber titer.   A multilayer structure according to claim 1, comprising a structure comprising at least one two-layer fabric composite having an inner layer, optionally an intermediate layer made of polyester or polyamide or aramid microfiber fabric, and an outer layer. A garment characterized in that a breathable knitted fabric forms the inner layer. A working garment having a textile covering layer made of high temperature resistant fibers for protection against the effects of heat, flame or electric arc,
A structure consisting of at least a two-layer woven composite having an inner layer, optionally an intermediate layer made of polyester or polyamide or aramid microfiber cloth, and an outer layer made of woven material made of high temperature resistant fibers. A work article having a structure in which the inner layer contains the multilayer breathable knitted fabric according to claim 1.

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