JP4341759B2 - Mushroom cultivation method - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
[Industrial application fields]
The present invention relates to a cultivation method for cultivating mushrooms by stuffing a culture medium in a culture bottle, inoculating it with an inoculum.
[0002]
[Prior art and problems]
In general, cultivation of mushrooms is performed by filling a culture bottle of rice bran, sawdust or corn cob in a culture bottle, making a hole vertically in the center, sterilizing it in a sterilization pot, inoculating this hole with inoculum such as shimeji mushrooms, and hyphae. Incubate. When the mycelium grows on the entire culture medium and reaches the fungus floor in the bottle mouth of the culture bottle, a so-called fungus scraping operation is performed to remove the inoculum layer in the bottle mouth.
[0003]
In this type of conventional work, it has been common to make a hole for inoculation with a single punch and to level the culture base in the bottle mouth into a “mortar shape” with a deep center. That is, the culture base surface in the bottle mouth fell from the periphery of the bottle mouth toward the center thereof and dropped into the hole for inoculation at the center. To form such a bottle mouth culture surface, drilling rods carried the fungal bed surface forming a disk downward convex arc.
[0004]
As a result, the central part is pushed more strongly than the peripheral part, and the culture medium is strongly squeezed, causing the inoculation of the inoculum. In addition, because of the mortar type, the amount of inoculum dropped naturally increased, causing a high cost.
[0005]
And the center part of the culture medium surface is hard and the hole is provided in the part, The part which should be most actively performed for the hyphal growth was not utilized.
[0006]
In addition, the conventional culture medium surface portion is a mortar type, so the central portion of the culture medium surface and the inoculum layer surface are considerably separated. Mycelium absorbs nutrients in the culture medium, passes the seed layer above it, and sends it to the mushrooms on the surface of the seed layer, but in the conventional method, it must pass through the thick seed layer, Since the transportation route is long, wasteful transportation energy is used, which affects the growth of mushrooms. In addition, when the inoculum layer is thick, a temperature difference between the temperature in the culture medium and the surface of the inoculum layer occurs, causing so-called flaking off or dying.
[0007]
Then, after inoculating the inoculum and performing mycelial culture, the surface of the culture medium is usually scraped in a flat manner in the fungus scraping operation to remove the unnecessary inoculum layer in the bottle mouth or the inoculation layer of the inoculum layer. However, the inventor has found that it is effective to push the peripheral part of the inoculum layer in the bottle mouth and not apply pressure to the central part (Japanese Patent Application No. 10-237969). However, this method is also the same as the conventional method in that the inner surface of the culture bottle of the culture medium is mortar-shaped, leaving room for improvement in terms of harvest performance.
[0008]
[Means for solving problems]
The present invention has been made in order to solve the above problems, and the gist of the present invention is that after the culture medium is packed in a mushroom culture bottle, the center portion in the bottle mouth is removed and a plurality of inoculums are formed from its periphery. To make a hole for inoculation vertically, shape the center part of the culture medium surface in the bottle mouth to a high dome shape with a lower area around the hole, and inoculate the hole and bottle mouth with the inoculum to grow mushrooms This is a cultivation method for mushrooms.
[0009]
Describing in detail below, the present invention is a method for cultivating mushrooms, and in particular, a method for cultivating mushrooms by placing a culture medium in a culture bottle and inoculating inoculum. Any mushroom can be cultivated, but mushrooms such as shimeji mushrooms and bean mushrooms are suitable for the method of the present invention.
[0010]
First, the culture medium is packed in the culture bottle in the mushroom culture bottle. The culture medium is prepared using sawdust, corn cob, etc. as a base material and adding rice bran or water with a mixer. The culture medium stuffing machine includes a hopper for containing the culture medium and a stuffing rod for promoting stuffing, and the culture medium is punched by a culture medium hole punching machine having a hole making rod after the stuffing step.
[0011]
There are multiple punches for the punch. Thereby, the central part in the bottle mouth is removed and a plurality of holes are formed vertically from the periphery. The position of the hole is preferably concentric with the bottle mouth. Therefore, a hole is not made in the central portion, and that portion becomes a fungus bed in which hyphae extend. It is desirable that a disc for leveling the culture medium surface is attached to the perforated rod. This disc has a slightly smaller diameter than the inner diameter of the bottle mouth, and has a lower center portion recessed concave arc shape. With such a culture base hole punch, a hole for inoculation of the inoculum reaching from the bottle mouth to near the bottle bottom is formed vertically in the culture medium, and the culture medium surface in the bottle mouth is a dome-shaped culture base surface with a raised center. Is formed. The here domed or domed, but that the invention will include all forms a convex arc at the center.
[0012]
In such a state, after sterilizing in the sterilization room, usually, the bacteria are taken out from the sterilization room, inoculated with the inoculum into the bottle mouth, and the inoculum is dropped into the bottle mouth and the hole.
[0013]
In this state, the culture is performed in the culture room, and the hypha culture of the inoculated inoculum is completed, that is, about 90 days have passed since the inoculation of the normal inoculum, and the inoculum layer is covered on the fungus bed in the bottle mouth. It is in a state.
The inoculum layer is the layer of the culture medium in which the inoculum was cultured. At the time of inoculation of the initial inoculum, the inoculum layer is in a wet state. There is no collapse.
[0014]
In this state, the fungus is scraped. In this fungus scraping, it is desirable to shape the inoculum layer in the bottle mouth into a shape similar to the dome-shaped culture substrate surface, but it may be scraped flat. When scraping the surface of the culture medium in a similar manner, it is desirable that the thickness of the inoculum layer be uniform and thin on the surface of the culture medium, and some unevenness is acceptable.
[0015]
Any device may be used for this fungus scraping, and either press or compression with a disk or scraping with a fungus scraper may be used. In pressing the inoculum layer, the inoculum layer in the center portion may be pressed, while the inoculum layer in the peripheral portion may be pressed while rotating with a stronger pressing force.
[0016]
The pressing means is preferably a disk that can be inserted into and removed from the bottle mouth, and has a concave arc shape in cross section with the central portion of the lower pressing surface being recessed.
[0017]
【effect】
In the method of the present invention, as described above, a plurality of holes that are concentric with the bottle mouth are opened around the center part in a form that leaves the center part, so that the most important center part for active germination is effectively used. In addition, since the culture medium surface in the bottle mouth was formed in a dome shape before inoculation with the inoculum, the center part was not hard and compacted, and the inoculation state of the inoculum was ensured. The distance between the central part of the culture medium surface and the surface of the inoculum layer is reduced, and the transport route for sending nutrients from the culture medium in the bottle, which is the source of nutrients, to the mushrooms on the surface of the inoculum layer, which is the germination surface of the mushroom, is short and energy is reduced. There is little loss, and no peeling phenomenon or withering occurs due to the temperature difference between the two. These points are thought to be the reason why mushrooms produced good results in yield and other growth periods.
[0018]
【Example】
Referring to the drawings below, 200 culture bottles 1 having a capacity of 800 ml are prepared, culture medium 2 consisting of corn cob and rice bran is placed in this, and culture medium holes having three drilling rods 3 per bottle are prepared. A hole 5 was made in the culture medium 2 by the machine 4. The drilling rod 3, cross section are attached the pressing disk 6 of concave arc, by the pressing, culture surface 8 in the bottle mouth 7 is a dome-shaped.
[0019]
The three holes 5 are formed concentrically, and the hole 5 does not exist in the central portion 9. In the figure, three holes 5 appear in the same cross section, but for convenience of explanation. That is, as is clear from the plan view b) of FIG. 2, none of the holes should appear in the central longitudinal section, but for the convenience of explanation, it is drawn as three that appear in the same section.
[0020]
In this way, the culture base surface 8 in the bottle mouth 7 is formed in a dome shape, and then the entire culture bottle 1 is sterilized with a sterilization pot. Was inoculated. At this time, the inoculum 10 remains in the bottle mouth 7. Since the hyphae grew and spread throughout the culture medium in 13 weeks after inoculation, the inoculum layer 10 was uniformly pressed onto the dome-shaped culture medium surface 8 by pressing means having a concave arc-shaped cross section similar to the pressing disk. (See FIG. 2d).
[0021]
After completion of pressing, sprouting and mushroom growth were performed in the growth room. Germination was carried out mainly in the central part, and the growth status and yield of bean mushrooms were as shown in FIG. For comparison, the conventional method shown in FIG. 3 was also performed under the same conditions.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a partially omitted side view of a culture base hole punching machine according to the present invention. FIG. 2 is a process diagram of the method of the present invention. FIG. 3 is a process diagram of a conventional method.
1-culture bottle, 2-culture medium, 3-drilling rod, 4-culture medium-drilling machine, 5-hole, 6-disc, 7-bottle mouth, 8-culture medium surface, 9-central part, 10-inoculum layer, 11-container

Claims (3)

After filling the culture medium in the mushroom culture bottle, remove the central part in the bottle mouth and vertically drill multiple holes for inoculation of the inoculum so as to surround the central part. after shaping in the lower dome-shaped, and inoculated with seed culture into the hole and bottle mouth, as hyphal growth is most actively performed in the central portion without compacting rigid central portion of the culture medium to cultivate mushrooms , after the mycelium has spread in the culture medium, the inoculum layer bottle mouth, said shaped by similar to culture medium surface, the distance between the surface of the central portion and the inoculum layer of culture medium in a small growing mushrooms Mushroom cultivation method characterized by that   2. The method for cultivating a mushroom according to claim 1, wherein the hole is drilled concentrically with the bottle mouth. The method for cultivating mushrooms according to claim 1 , wherein the inoculum layer in the bottle mouth is made uniform and thin.

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