JP4321426B2 - Recording / reproducing apparatus and editing method - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a recording / reproducing apparatus and an editing method for editing AV (Audio / Video) data and real-time metadata corresponding to AV data using a randomly accessible recording medium.

  Particularly in a professional field such as a broadcasting station, digital audio data and / or digital video data shot by a video camera and recorded on a recording medium are used after being edited as necessary. In addition to the digital audio data and / or digital video data, real-time metadata that is information about the digital audio data and / or digital video data is recorded and used for editing. Hereinafter, these digital audio data, digital video data, and real-time metadata are collectively referred to as AV (Audio / Video) data. In the editing operation, generally, a desired video cut is extracted from AV data reproduced from a recording medium, and the start point (IN point) and end point (OUT point) of the video cut are marked. Then, a plurality of video cuts are connected based on each marked IN point and OUT point to obtain a video in which desired video cuts are continuously connected.

Conventionally, a serial access type recording medium such as a magnetic tape has been used for recording and reproducing AV data. In addition to this, in recent years, a randomly accessible recording medium such as an optical disk, a hard disk, or a semiconductor memory has been frequently used for recording and reproducing AV data. Randomly accessible recording media can be non-linearly edited so that the editing operation can be completed on the same recording medium. Hereinafter, this randomly accessible recording medium is referred to as a non-linear recording medium. Patent Document 1 describes an editing apparatus that performs such nonlinear editing.
JP 2001-319463 A

  A non-linear recording medium generally has a very high access speed compared to a serial access type recording medium such as a magnetic tape. In particular, a hard disk has a high access speed and a large recording capacity, and can record a large amount of AV data. In recent years, optical discs and semiconductor memories having a sufficient storage capacity for recording a plurality of AV data have appeared. In such a non-linear recording medium, reproduction of AV data between the IN point and OUT point used for editing and recording of the edited AV data are performed in parallel on one recording medium, and after editing. The AV data can be easily recorded at other positions on the recording medium. For this reason, when a non-linear recording medium is used, non-destructive editing is performed in which editing is performed with the original AV data remaining.

  Conventionally, editing using a non-linear recording medium has been performed by one of the following two methods. A first editing method using a conventional non-linear recording medium is a method of writing the entire editing result including an unedited portion in an empty area on the recording medium. The second method is a method of writing only AV data necessary for editing into a free area on the recording medium and generating control data instructing continuous reproduction of the AV data and the non-editing area. Both are nondestructive edits in which no changes are made to the original data being edited.

  On the other hand, the recording medium is provided with a replacement area that can be used alternatively when a part of the recording medium cannot be physically read / written due to a defect. For example, when a defective area is recognized at the time of access to the recording medium (particularly at the time of recording), a replacement process is normally performed, and the address of the defective area is moved into the replacement area.

  By the way, in the case of a disc-shaped recording medium, the replacement area is generally provided on the innermost side or the outermost side. When the disk rotation control is performed by zone control in which the rotation speed is changed stepwise in the radial direction of the disk, a replacement area may be provided for each zone.

  When a replacement process is performed when recording data such as AV data that requires real-time playback, seek to the replacement area occurs in the defective area during playback. For example, when the defect area and the replacement area are separated from each other, a long time is required for seeking, and there is a possibility that real-time reproduction cannot be guaranteed.

  SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a recording / reproducing apparatus and an editing method which prevent a real-time reproduction failure due to a replacement process.

In order to solve the above-described problems, the present invention performs recording and reproduction of video data, audio data, or real-time metadata corresponding to the video data or audio data using a randomly accessible recording medium, and the recording A recording / reproducing apparatus configured to perform destructive editing on video data, audio data, or real-time metadata corresponding to the video data or audio data recorded on the recording medium on the medium,
When performing destructive editing on video data, audio data, or real-time metadata corresponding to the video data or audio data recorded on the recording medium on a randomly accessible recording medium, a replacement process is performed. It is performed using an unnecessary area that is closer to the replacement area than the replacement area.
The unnecessary area is provided for each predetermined recording unit on the recording medium,
The unnecessary area is a recording / reproducing apparatus characterized by being an area in which unnecessary information is recorded when recording of a corresponding predetermined recording unit is completed .

In addition, the present invention records and reproduces video data, audio data, or real-time metadata corresponding to the video data or audio data using a randomly accessible recording medium, and the recording medium is recorded on the recording medium. An editing method in which destructive editing is performed on video data, audio data, or real-time metadata corresponding to the video data or audio data,
When performing destructive editing on video data, audio data, or real-time metadata corresponding to the video data or audio data recorded on the recording medium on a randomly accessible recording medium, replacement processing is performed. A step of using an unnecessary area located nearer to the replacement area with respect to the area to be subjected to the replacement process,
The unnecessary area is provided for each predetermined recording unit on the recording medium,
The unnecessary area is an editing method characterized in that information which becomes unnecessary when recording of a corresponding predetermined recording unit is completed is recorded .

  As described above, the present invention performs destructive editing on video data, audio data, or real-time metadata corresponding to video data or audio data recorded on the recording medium on a randomly accessible recording medium. At this time, since the spare area provided in advance in the recording medium is not used, when the editing result by destructive editing is reproduced, the seek operation to the spare area provided in advance in the recording medium is not performed. Real-time playback failure due to seek operation can be prevented.

  The present invention provides a recording medium when performing destructive editing on video data, audio data, or real-time metadata corresponding to video data or audio data recorded on a recording medium on a randomly accessible recording medium. Since the spare area provided in advance is not used, when the editing result by destructive editing is reproduced, the seek operation to the spare area provided in advance on the recording medium is not performed. This has the effect of preventing the failure of reproduction.

  Hereinafter, an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. First, in order to facilitate understanding, a recording medium and a recording / reproducing apparatus applicable to the present invention will be described. FIG. 1 shows an example of data arrangement in a disc-shaped recording medium. The data arrangement shown as an example in FIG. 1 is a general data arrangement in a disc-shaped recording medium that can be randomly accessed, such as a recordable optical disk or hard disk. Such a data arrangement can also be applied to a non-disc-shaped recording medium such as a semiconductor memory. The logical address space is an area where arbitrary data can be recorded / reproduced.

  A file system FS is arranged at the leading and trailing ends of the logical address. Arbitrary data is recorded in a predetermined format generally called a file in the logical address space. Data on the recording medium is basically managed in file units. File management information is recorded in the file system FS. A file system layer of a system control unit (described later) of the recording / reproducing apparatus can manage various kinds of data on one recording medium by referring to and operating information of the file system FS.

  A replacement area is arranged outside the logical address space. The spare area is an area that can be used as an alternative when a part of the recording medium cannot be physically read or written due to a defect. For example, when a defective area is recognized at the time of access to the recording medium (particularly at the time of recording), a replacement process is normally performed, and the address of the defective area is moved into the replacement area.

  The usage status of the spare area is stored as a defect list in a predetermined area, and is used by a drive control unit of the recording / reproducing apparatus and a lower hierarchy of the system control unit. In other words, in the lower layers of the drive control unit and system control unit described later, by referring to the defect list when accessing the recording medium, even when replacement processing is performed, access to an appropriate area is performed. It can be carried out. By this mechanism of the spare area, the host application can perform data recording / reproduction with respect to the recording medium without considering the presence / absence or position of the defective recording area on the recording medium.

  In the case of a disc-shaped recording medium, the replacement area is often arranged on the innermost or outermost side of the disc. When the disk rotation control is performed by zone control in which the rotation speed is changed stepwise in the radial direction of the disk, a replacement area may be provided for each zone. When the recording medium is not a disk-shaped recording medium such as a semiconductor memory, it is often arranged on the side having the smallest physical address or the largest physical address.

  In an application that handles AV data, a group of data that is a unit that requires continuous synchronized playback, that is, playback that guarantees real-time playback is called a clip. For example, a group of data from the start to the end of shooting by the video camera is used as a clip. The entity of a clip consists of a single file or multiple files. In the present invention, a clip consists of a plurality of files. Details of the clip will be described later.

  For example, an NRT (Non Real Time) area in which an arbitrary file other than a clip can be recorded is arranged at the head side in the logical address space, and clips are sequentially packed from the next of the NRT area. The clip is arranged avoiding the defect position on the optical disc 100 so that the replacement process described above is not performed. A header (H) and a footer (F) are added to each clip. In this example, the header and footer are arranged together on the rear end side of the clip.

  In the logical address space, an area where no data is recorded or an area where data has been recorded in the past but is no longer needed is managed as an unused area in the file system FS. A recording area is allocated to a file newly recorded on the recording medium based on an unused area. The management information of the file is added to the file system FS.

  When a recordable optical disc is used as the recording medium, the present invention records the clip on the recording medium with an annual ring structure. The annual ring structure will be described with reference to FIGS. 2 and 3. FIG. 2A is an example showing one clip 20 on the timeline. In this example, the clip 20 includes seven files of video data 21, audio data 22 </ b> A to 22 </ b> D, auxiliary AV data 23, and real-time metadata 24.

  The video data 21 is video data obtained by compression-coding baseband video data at a high bit rate. As the compression encoding method, for example, MPEG2 (Moving Pictures Experts Group 2) method is used. As the audio data 22A, 22B, 22C and 22D, baseband audio data is used, each of which is 2-channel audio data. However, the audio data 22A, 22B, 22C, and 22D may be audio data obtained by compression-coding baseband audio data at a high bit rate. The video data 21 and the audio data 22A to 22D are data to be actually broadcast and edited, and are referred to as main line data.

  The auxiliary AV data 23 is data obtained by compressing and multiplexing baseband video data and audio data at a lower bit rate than main line video data and audio data. As the compression encoding method, for example, the MPEG4 method is used, and main line AV data is generated by compression encoding so as to reduce the bit rate to, for example, several Mbps (Mega bits per second). The auxiliary AV data 23 is data used as a proxy for main line data when determining edit points and the like, and is also referred to as proxy data. In this embodiment, the number of audio data channels in the auxiliary AV data is fixed to 8 channels.

  Metadata is high-order data related to certain data, and functions as an index for representing the contents of various data. The metadata includes real-time metadata 24 generated along the time series of the main AV data and non-time series meta data generated for a predetermined section such as for each scene in the main AV data. There are two types of data. The non-time series metadata is recorded in, for example, the NRT area described with reference to FIG.

  As shown in FIG. 2B, the clip 20 is divided on the basis of a predetermined reproduction time and recorded on the optical disc as an annual ring structure. As an example is shown in FIG. 2C, one annual ring includes video data 21, audio data 22A to 22D, auxiliary AV data 23, and real-time metadata 24 for one round of a track so that each playback time zone corresponds. The data is divided into predetermined reproduction time units having the above data size, and the divided reproduction time units are sequentially arranged and recorded. That is, each data constituting the clip 20 is interleaved in a predetermined time unit by the annual ring structure and recorded on the optical disc.

  The data forming the annual ring is referred to as annual ring data. The annual ring data has an amount of data that is an integral multiple of the smallest recording unit on the disc. The annual rings are recorded so that the boundaries coincide with the block boundaries of the recording units of the disc.

  FIG. 3 shows an example of annual ring data formed on the optical disc 100. In the example of FIG. 3, auxiliary AV annual ring data # 1, real-time meta annual ring data # 1, audio annual ring data # 1 for the number of channels, and video annual ring data # 1 are recorded in order from the inner circumference side of the optical disc 100. In this cycle, annual ring data is handled. On the outer peripheral side of the video annual ring data # 1, a part of the annual ring data of the next cycle is further shown as auxiliary AV annual ring data # 2.

  In the example of FIG. 3, the playback time zone for the 1-year ring data of the real-time meta annual ring data corresponds to the playback time zone for the 1-year ring data of the auxiliary AV annual ring data. It shows that the playback time zone corresponding to two periods of the time zone and the audio annual ring data corresponds. Similarly, it is shown that the playback time zone for one annual ring data of real-time meta annual ring data corresponds to the playback time zone for four cycles of video annual ring data. Such association between the reproduction time zone and the cycle of each annual ring data is set based on, for example, each data rate. In the following, it is assumed that the playback time for one ring data is 2 seconds.

  Note that the header and footer for the clip are also recorded by the annual ring structure as shown in FIG. 2D.

  FIG. 4 schematically shows a configuration of an example of a recording / reproducing apparatus applicable to the present invention. This recording / playback apparatus is connected to, for example, a video camera, and performs signal processing on AV data obtained by the video camera and records it on the optical disc 100. Also, AV data and the like recorded on the optical disc 100 are reproduced, subjected to predetermined signal processing and output. Furthermore, editing work can be performed on AV data recorded on the optical disc 100 based on an instruction from a control panel attached to the apparatus or an input apparatus connected via an RS-422 interface (not shown).

  The system control unit 17 includes one or a plurality of CPUs (Central Processing Units), a ROM (Read Only Memory) in which programs and data are stored in advance, a RAM (Random Access Memory) used as a work memory of the CPU, and the like. According to the program read from the ROM, the entire recording / reproducing apparatus is controlled in accordance with the control signal input from the control input / output terminal. For example, an input device is connected to the control input terminal via the control panel described above or an RS-422 interface.

  The configuration of the recording system will be described. A recording operation is instructed to the system control unit 17 from the control input / output terminal. Based on the recording operation instruction, the system control unit 17 issues an instruction to each unit of the recording / reproducing apparatus so that the recording operation can be started.

  For example, baseband AV data to be recorded is supplied to the recording signal processing unit 13 from a video camera or an external device. The recording signal processing unit 13 performs predetermined signal processing and compression encoding processing on the input baseband AV data, and generates main AV data and auxiliary AV data for recording.

  For example, baseband video data is made up of one frame of 1 GOP (Group Of Picture) according to the MPEG2 system, and further compressed and encoded so as to have a predetermined bit rate. Data is generated. As for audio data, for example, PCM (Pulse Code Modulation) data is used as main line audio data without being compressed and encoded.

  In addition, baseband video data and audio data are compression-encoded with, for example, the MPEG4 system and a bit rate of several Mbps, and auxiliary AV data is generated. As for video data, auxiliary AV data is encoded in units of a predetermined number of frames. In this embodiment, the video data of the auxiliary AV data is composed of 10 frames of one I picture and nine P pictures, and 1 GOV (Group Of Video Object Plane) is formed.

  Audio data in the auxiliary AV data is generated by instantaneously compressing main-line audio data by combining, for example, sampling frequency conversion for compressing the time axis direction and logarithmic compression for compressing the word length. For example, the sampling frequency conversion is performed by down-sampling main-line audio data with a sampling frequency of 48 kHz to audio data with a sampling frequency of 8 kHz. As a word length compression method, an A-law method can be used in which the quantization step is set small when the data has a small amplitude and the word length is compressed by setting the quantization step large when the data has a large amplitude. Further, by performing band limitation on the main line audio data in advance with a low-pass filter before compression encoding, it is possible to minimize deterioration in sound quality due to compression encoding. In this embodiment, a 512 tap FIR (Finite Impulse Response) filter is used as the low pass filter.

  The main line AV data and auxiliary AV data output from the recording signal processing unit 13 are supplied to the formatter / unformatter unit 12. The main line AV data and auxiliary AV data output from the recording signal processing unit 13 and real-time metadata output from the metadata processing unit 15 described later constitute a clip.

  Under the control of the system control unit 17, the metadata processing unit 15 performs real-time metadata recorded on the optical disc 100 together with main AV data and auxiliary AV data, and data (header and footer) for arranging clips into a predetermined format. ) Is generated. The metadata processing unit 15 also generates non-time series metadata. These data generated by the metadata processing unit 15 are supplied to the formatter / unformatter unit 12.

  The formatter / unformatter unit 12 arranges each data supplied from the recording signal processing unit 13 and the metadata processing unit 15 in the above-described annual ring structure. For example, the formatter / unformatter unit 12 has a memory, and stores the supplied data in the memory in an address arrangement corresponding to the annual ring structure. Then, read control is performed so that data is read from the memory in units of annual rings. The clips arranged in the annual ring structure are supplied to the drive control unit 11 in units of annual rings.

  The drive control unit 11 performs predetermined recording signal processing on the supplied data during recording, and also performs read / write unit 10 and servo control based on signals obtained from a read / write unit 10 and a servo unit 14 described later. By controlling the unit 14, the writing operation is controlled so that the recording data is written at a predetermined address of the optical disc 100.

  The main-line AV data, auxiliary AV data, real-time metadata, header, and footer supplied from the formatter / unformatter unit 12 to the drive control unit 11 are error correction encoded in units of ECC (Error Correction Coding) blocks of a predetermined size. The The error-corrected encoded data is recorded and encoded in a predetermined manner, and is supplied as a recording signal to the read / write unit 10.

  The read / write unit 10 includes an optical pickup made of, for example, a laser diode, and a laser driving circuit that controls the laser power of the optical pickup in accordance with the recording / reproducing operation mode. The read / write unit 10 also has a thread drive unit that controls the position of the optical pickup in the radial direction of the disk 100 based on a thread control signal supplied from the servo control unit 14. The servo control unit 14 performs control of the sled driving unit and control of a spindle motor (not shown) for rotationally driving the optical disc 100 based on control signals respectively supplied from the drive control unit 11 and the system control unit 17.

  The read / write unit 10 drives the optical pickup based on the recording signal supplied from the drive control unit 11 and performs recording on the optical disc 100 based on the recording signal. The recording position is based on information indicating the area usage status of the optical disc 100 based on information of the file system FS read from the optical disc 100 in advance prior to the recording operation, and based on an instruction from the control input / output terminal. And specified by the drive control unit 11.

  In this embodiment, the recording operation on the optical disc 100 is continuously performed for each annual ring unit. In this embodiment, the minimum recording unit block size of the optical disc 100 and the ECC block size are the same, and recording is performed so that the minimum recording unit of the optical disc 100 matches the ECC block. In other words, in this embodiment, the ECC block is a unit for recording signal processing, and is also a block that is actually a unit for reading and writing data on the optical disc 100.

  Further, for each annual ring unit, for example, a marker block composed of a predetermined data string for one to several ECC blocks is recorded. This marker block is used to make it possible to reproduce the recorded data up to the previous annual ring when a recording error or the like occurs during recording of the annual ring. Therefore, each time the recording for one annual ring is completed, the marker block for the annual ring becomes unnecessary.

  The configuration of the reproduction system will be described. A reproduction operation is instructed to the system control unit 17 from the control input / output terminal. Based on this playback operation instruction, the system control unit 17 issues an instruction to each unit of the recording / playback apparatus so that the playback operation can be started. The read / write unit 10 is controlled in a predetermined manner, and reading is performed for each recording unit from the designated address of the optical disc 100. The read reproduction signal is supplied from the read / write unit 10 to the drive control unit 11.

  The drive control unit 11 decodes the recording code of the supplied reproduction signal to obtain reproduction data, and further decodes the error correction code of the reproduction data to perform error correction. The error-corrected reproduction data is supplied to the formatter / unformatter unit 12. The formatter / unformatter unit 12 separates the supplied reproduction data for each data type such as main line AV data, auxiliary AV data, and real-time metadata. For example, the supplied reproduction data is stored in a memory included in the formatter / unformatter unit 12. When the annual ring portion is accumulated, each data constituting the annual ring is read and supplied to the corresponding processing unit. The main line AV data and the auxiliary AV data are supplied to the reproduction signal processing unit 16. The real time metadata is supplied to the metadata processing unit 15.

  The metadata processing unit decodes the supplied real-time metadata and supplies the decoded information to the system control unit 17.

  The reproduction signal processing unit 16 performs predetermined signal processing on the supplied main AV data and auxiliary AV data. For example, main line AV data and / or auxiliary AV data are each decoded. It is also possible to output without decoding. As for the auxiliary AV data, the video data is decoded in units of 1 GOV since 1 GOV is formed with 10 frames. In addition, the audio data is instantaneously decompressed by A-Law method word length compression, and the downsampled sampling frequency is upsampled to 48 kHz. During upsampling, a 512-tap FIR filter similar to that used during recording is used as a low-pass filter, and sound quality degradation is minimized.

  The network interface (I / F) 18 is connected to a network such as the Internet or a LAN (Local Area Network), for example, and controls communication via the network. For example, this recording / reproducing apparatus can receive AV data transmitted via a network and record it on the optical disc 100.

  For example, AV data transmitted via the network and received by the network I / F 18 is supplied to the formatter / unformatter unit 12. In this case, the recording signal processing unit 13 may be supplied from the network I / F 18. It is also conceivable to supply the drive control unit 11 directly from the network I / F 18. For example, when AV data is received by the network I / F 18, the system control unit 17 determines the format of the received AV data, performs recording signal processing, processing by the formatter / unformatter unit 12, Perform data processing. The processed AV data is supplied to the drive control unit 11, subjected to predetermined processing, and then recorded on the optical disc 100.

  AV data and auxiliary AV data read from the optical disc 100 can be supplied to the network I / F 18 via the formatter / unformatter unit 12 and transmitted to the network. In this case, since the auxiliary AV data is compressed and encoded at a low bit rate, it is suitable for transmission over a network.

  This recording / reproducing apparatus can perform editing operations on clips on the optical disc 100. For example, the AV data on the optical disc 100 can be edited using AV data supplied from the outside or other AV data recorded on the optical disc 100 itself.

  Next, an editing method applicable to the present invention will be described. In the present invention, editing of a clip recorded on a randomly accessible recording medium such as the optical disc 100 is performed by destructive editing. Destructive editing is a process for overwriting necessary data on the underlying data to be edited. In destructive editing, appropriate data of the background data is overwritten with the editing data and directly rewritten in accordance with the instruction of editing points such as the IN point and OUT point and the specification of the editing mode such as insert editing and assembly editing. At this time, the background data is not moved or copied to another area on the recording medium. In the following, data on the side where an editing point is set as an editing target is referred to as background recording or background data, and data on the side to be written to the editing point is referred to as editing data.

  This will be described more specifically with reference to FIG. The clip # 1 before editing shown in FIG. 5A is set as background data, the IN point and the OUT point are set for the clip # 1, the editing target is designated, and other editing data is provided between the IN point and the OUT point. Consider insert editing that inserts a video cut. In destructive editing, editing data is directly overwritten between the IN point and OUT point of the background data. Therefore, after editing, as shown in FIG. 5B, in clip # 1, the data from the beginning of clip # 1 to the IN point becomes the background data (original clip # 1 data), and between IN point and OUT point Becomes the editing data, and further, the data from the OUT point to the end of the clip # 1 becomes the background data.

  In the destructive editing, the header H # 1 and the footer F # 1 corresponding to the clip # 1 are rewritten as the clip # 1 is edited.

  As described above, in destructive editing, data outside the editing target section in the base recording does not need to be rewritten, so that the time required for editing is minimized. In addition, since the editing data is overwritten on the underlying editing target section, the unused area does not change by editing. Therefore, the editing operation can always be executed regardless of the state of the unused area, such as the size of the unused area and the degree of fragmentation of the unused area, and the editing complexity. In addition, in destructive editing, the data arrangement does not move due to editing. Therefore, if the clip by the base recording (clip # 1 in the example of FIG. 5A) can be continuously played back, the edited result can also be played back continuously. Is guaranteed.

  As described above, according to the present invention, since the destructive editing is performed by overwriting the editing data with respect to the background data using the non-linear recording medium, the recording medium does not need a free area. In addition, since the data to be rewritten is minimized by destructive editing, the time required for rewriting accompanying the editing operation is short. Further, since editing is performed by overwriting the editing data with respect to the background data by destructive editing, there is an effect that the seek operation does not increase compared to before editing even when the editing result is reproduced. This also enables advanced editing.

  Here, consider a case in which a defect exists in an edit target section during destructive editing, and a replacement process is thereby performed. For example, as shown in FIG. 6A, when performing destructive editing based on the IN point and OUT point specified for clip # 1, the defect part 200 exists between the IN point and OUT point, that is, in the editing target section. In this case, a replacement unit 201 having a size corresponding to the defect unit 200 is provided in the replacement area by the replacement process, and the data arrangement information is changed. As a result, when the editing data is overwritten on the background data between the IN point and the OUT point by destructive editing, a replacement process is performed, and data that should originally be written in the defect portion 200 is written in the replacement portion 201 in the replacement area. It is.

  An example of the operation when reproducing the editing result is shown in FIG. 6B. That is, when clip # 1 is played back and the playback position reaches the head position a of the defect section 200, seek to the head position a 'of the replacement section 201 is performed, and the replacement section 201 is played back from the head position a'. When the reproduction reaches the end position b ′ of the replacement unit 201, seek is performed up to the end position b of the defect unit 200, and then the reproduction continues from the end position b of the defect unit 200 to the end of clip # 1, for example. Is done.

  In this way, if there is a defect in the editing target section during destructive editing, a part of the edit data is written in the replacement area by the replacement process, and when the edited result is played back, seek operation to the replacement area is performed. Will occur. At this time, if the defect position and the replacement area are separated from each other, a long time is required for the seek operation, and the reproduction operation may fail. In particular, when a recording medium such as the optical disc 100 that requires a relatively long time for the seek operation is used as the recording medium, it is difficult to guarantee the real-time reproduction operation. The present invention prevents such a failure of the real-time reproduction process due to the replacement process at the time of destructive editing.

  The first embodiment of the present invention will be described below. In the first embodiment of the present invention, the replacement process at the time of destructive editing is limited to suppress the seek operation by the replacement process at the time of destructive editing as described above. More specifically, replacement processing at the time of destructive editing is prohibited. As a result, even when a defect exists in the editing target section, there is no change in the data arrangement information, and there is no influence on the seek operation. Therefore, the seek operation by the alternation process does not occur when the edited result is reproduced, and real-time reproduction of the edited result is guaranteed.

  This will be described with reference to FIG. Even if the defect portion 200 exists in the edit target section indicated by the IN point and the OUT point, overwriting of the edit data on the edit target section by destructive editing is continued ignoring the defect section 200. When the defect unit 200 is actually present in the editing target section, data to be recorded in the section of the defect unit 200 is lost. However, when the edited result is played back, the playback operation is broken due to the seek operation. Does not occur. For this reason, after the playback position passes through the defect portion 200, it is possible to return to normal operation relatively easily. Therefore, a real-time playback operation is possible throughout the edited clip # 1.

  Actually, since the probability of occurrence of defects is low, the data lost due to the prohibition of replacement processing is extremely limited.

  Even when the replacement process is prohibited, the defect unit 200 may be registered in the defect list. By registering the defect position, some measures can be taken during playback. That is, with respect to a known defect area, the presence / absence of a defect or the presence of a defect can be determined by referring to the defect list. Therefore, for example, when the edited result is reproduced, it is possible to hold and reproduce the previous data without accessing the recording medium at the defect position.

  Next, a second embodiment of the present invention will be described. In this second embodiment, the replacement process for the defect at the time of destructive editing is not performed using the original replacement area previously provided for the recording medium, for example, at the time of formatting, but in the vicinity of the defect position. This is performed by using an unnecessary area or an empty area in the alternative.

  As an alternative area of this replacement area, for example, the marker block described above is preferably used. As described above, the marker block is arranged for each annual ring, and if the file system is normally written when recording for one annual ring is completed, the marker block for the annual ring becomes unnecessary. Therefore, when editing, the marker block can be used for other purposes, and can be used as an alternative area of the replacement area.

  FIG. 8 shows an example arrangement of the marker block 202 relative to the annual ring structure. In this example, the marker block 202 # N of the annual ring #N is arranged on the head side of the annual ring #N. When viewed from each data in the annual ring #N, it seems that the marker block 202 # N of the annual ring #N itself and the marker block 202 # (N + 1) of the next annual ring # (N + 1) are arranged on both sides. . Therefore, the marker block 202 is always at a position closer to the access distance than the original replacement area, even when viewed from any annual ring on the optical disc 100. Therefore, by using the marker block 202 as a replacement area for the replacement area, the seek operation associated with the replacement process can be suppressed to an extremely short time, and the seek operation by the replacement process affects the real-time playback when the edited result is played back. Can be avoided.

  In this embodiment, the size of the marker block 202 is one to several ECC blocks in units of ECC blocks as recording units of the optical disc 100. If the size of 1 ECC block is 64 kB (kilobytes) and 3 ECC blocks are allocated to the marker block 202, the size of the marker block 202 is 192 kB, which can be sufficiently used as a replacement area for the defect portion 200 in the annual ring. It is believed that there is.

  An example of replacement processing when the marker block 202 is used as a replacement area replacement area will be described with reference to FIGS. 9 and 10. FIG. 9 shows an example of the operation during editing. As shown in FIG. 9A, it is assumed that the defect unit 200 exists in the editing target section specified by the IN point and the OUT point. FIG. 9B is an example in which the defect portion 200 of FIG. 9A is enlarged. The defect part 200 is actually considered to be extremely small with respect to the size of the annual ring. For example, as shown in FIG. 9B, the actual defect part is a part in the main audio data A1 area (defect part 200A) or a part in the main video data area (defect part 200B). Or

  The replacement process during the destructive editing operation is performed by using the marker block 202 close to the defect position among the marker blocks 202 # N and 202 # (N + 1) existing before and after the annual ring #N as a replacement area for the replacement area. In the example of FIG. 9B, when the defect exists as the defect portion 200A in the main audio data A1 area, the marker block 202 # N closer to the defect portion 200A is replaced among the marker blocks 202 # N and 202 # (N + 1). The replacement process is performed using the area as an alternative area.

  For example, in the case of destructive editing, if the defect part 200A exists in the main audio data A1 area in the editing target section, the replacement process selects the marker block 202 # N closer to the defect part 200A as the replacement area replacement area. The replacement unit 203A is provided for the area, and the data arrangement information is changed. As a result, when the editing data is overwritten on the background data between the IN point and the OUT point by destructive editing, a replacement process is performed, and the data that should originally be written in the defect portion 200A is replaced in the marker block 202 # N. It is written to the part 203A.

  The same applies to the case where the defect exists as the defect portion 200B in the main video data area. In this case, among the marker blocks 202 # N and 202 # (N + 1), the marker block 202 # (N + 1) closer to the defect unit 200B is used as an alternative area of the replacement area, and the replacement unit 203B is included in the marker block 202 # 2. In the destructive editing, the replacement process is performed by writing the data that should originally be written in the defect unit 200B into the replacement unit 203B.

  FIG. 10 shows an example of the operation when reproducing the editing result. For example, when the replacement process is performed on the defect part 200A using the replacement part 203A, when the clip # 1 is reproduced and the reproduction position reaches the start position c of the defect part 200A, the start of the replacement part 203A starts from this position c. The seek is performed to the position c ′, and the replacement unit 203A is reproduced from the head position c ′. When the reproduction reaches the end position d ′ of the replacement section 203A, seek is performed from the position d ′ to the end position d of the defect section 203A. Thereafter, from the end position d of the defect section 203A to, for example, the end of clip # 1. Playback continues.

  The same applies to the case where the replacement process is performed on the defect unit 200B using the replacement unit 203B. That is, when clip # 1 is played back and the playback position reaches the start position e of the defect section 200B, seek is performed from this position e to the start position e ′ of the replacement section 203B, and the replacement section 203B plays back from the start position e ′. Is done. When the reproduction reaches the end position f ′ of the replacement section 203B, seek is performed from the position f ′ to the end position f of the defect section 203B, and thereafter, from the end position f of the defect section 203B to the end of clip # 1, for example. Playback continues.

  As described above, according to the second embodiment of the present invention, the replacement process for the defect is performed at the position near the original replacement area and the replacement area of the replacement area provided in the vicinity of the defect position. It is made using. For this reason, even in the reproduction operation after destructive editing, the seek operation by the replacement process can be performed at a very short distance, and the seek operation associated with the replacement process can be prevented from affecting the real-time reproduction.

  In the above description, the marker block for the annual ring is used as an alternative area for the replacement area after the original function of the marker block is no longer necessary, but this is not limited to this example. For example, an area that can be used as a replacement area for the replacement area every predetermined period may be provided on the recording medium. In this case, the recording format does not have to be an annual ring format, and the second embodiment of the present invention can be applied to an arbitrary format.

  Further, in the above description, the area where the originally written information is unnecessary at the time of editing is described as being used as an alternative area of the replacement area, but this is not limited to this example. For example, an area that is an empty area at the time of editing can be used as an alternative area for the replacement area.

  Even when the marker block is used as a replacement area for the replacement area, the normal replacement process using the original replacement area and the defect list can be used in combination. For example, a marker block is used as an alternative area for the replacement area committee at the time of destructive editing for an area where a clip is recorded, and a normal replacement using the original replacement area is performed for other operations, for example, when accessing an NRT area Processing can be performed.

  Further, in the above description, the replacement process in the case where a defect exists in the main video data area or the main audio data area has been described. However, even if the defect exists in the auxiliary AV data area or the real-time metadata area, the replacement process is similarly performed. Is done.

  Next, an example of an editing operation applicable to the first and second embodiments of the present invention will be schematically described with reference to the flowcharts of FIGS. In FIGS. 11 and 12, the symbols “A” and “B” indicate that the processing shifts to the corresponding symbols between FIGS. 11 and 12.

  Note that the processing shown in FIGS. 11 and 12 is processing in which, for example, a determination and an execution instruction are performed by the system control unit 17 described with reference to FIG. Also, here, the designation of actual IN point and OUT point, and instructions such as playback start and playback end are made using an editing operation unit connected to the recording / playback apparatus, for example, RS-422 as an interface. It shall be performed by 9 pin control. The system control unit 17 controls each unit of the recording / reproducing apparatus in accordance with various control signals supplied from the editing operation unit.

  In FIG. 11, it is assumed that the operation start point has already returned a certain time before the IN point, and the cueing to the pre-roll start point has been completed. In step S10, the reproduction operation (pre-roll operation) from the pre-roll start point is started. Next, it is determined whether or not the editing target is designated based on the edit preset signal indicating the data type or the like to be edited from the editing operation unit (step S11). If not, the process proceeds to step S10. Returned to If the editing target is designated, the process proceeds to step S12, and it is determined whether the editing operation can be executed. If it is determined that the editing operation can be executed, the process proceeds to step S13, and an edit flag that is a response to the edit preset is set in the recording / reproducing apparatus.

  On the other hand, if it is determined in step S12 that the editing operation cannot be executed for some reason, for example, the recording / playback apparatus does not support the editing operation itself, the process proceeds to step S26 in FIG. Then, error processing for incapable editing is performed.

  When the edit flag is set in step S13, the phase adjusting operation is performed in steps S14 to S16. The phase adjusting operation is an operation for adjusting, for example, using a frame pulse so that the editing source video data and the editing destination video data have a predetermined phase relationship. By the phase adjustment operation, the phase between the editing source video data and the editing destination video data is controlled in units of frames. In step S15, it is determined whether the phase adjusting operation is completed and the servo is locked. If it is determined that the phase adjustment operation is not completed and the servo lock is not applied, the process returns to step S14. If it is determined in step S15 that the servo is locked, the process proceeds to step S16, and it is determined whether or not the reproduction speed has been changed. If it is determined that the playback speed has been changed, such as stop, forward fast forward, reverse fast forward, forward slow playback, and reverse slow playback, the process returns to step S14. If there is no change in the reproduction speed, it is determined that the phase adjustment operation is completed, and the process proceeds to step S17.

  In step S17, an EDIT ON signal indicating the editing start point (IN point) from the editing operation unit is on standby. The timing of the EDIT ON signal becomes the timing of the editing start point (IN point), and the recording / reproducing apparatus starts an actual editing operation by this EDIT ON signal. In the next step S18 (see FIG. 12), it is determined whether or not editing is possible. If it is determined that editing is impossible for some reason, the process proceeds to step S26, and an error process for the editing impossible is performed. If it is determined that editing is possible, the process proceeds to step S19, and a process for starting an actual editing operation is performed.

  When the editing start process in step S19 is completed, an actual editing operation is executed in step S20. The editing operation is continuously performed until an EDIT OFF signal indicating an editing end point (OUT point) is received from the editing operation unit (step S21).

  When the EDIT OFF signal is received and the editing operation is completed, the process proceeds to step S22, and a post-roll operation is performed in which the OUT and subsequent points are continuously reproduced in the editing destination AV data.

  It is possible that the EDIT ON signal is received during the post-roll operation and the IN point is specified. In step S23, it is determined whether an EDIT ON signal is received during the post-roll operation. If it is determined that it has been received, the process returns to step S18, and an editing operation based on the received EDIT ON signal is performed.

  On the other hand, if it is determined in step S23 that the EDIT ON signal has not been received, the process proceeds to step S24, and it is determined whether or not the playback speed has been changed. If it is determined that the playback speed has been changed, such as stop, forward fast forward, reverse fast forward, forward slow playback, reverse slow playback, etc., it is determined that the editing operation is complete, and the process proceeds to step S25. Editing completion processing is performed. On the other hand, if it is determined in step S24 that the playback speed has not been changed, the process returns to step S22 and the post-roll operation is continued.

  FIG. 13 shows an example of the edit start process in step S19 described above in more detail. In step S30, restrictions on the replacement process are set. For example, in the first embodiment of the present invention described above, prohibition of replacement processing at the time of destructive editing is set in step S30. In the second embodiment of the present invention, in this step S30, a replacement process using a predetermined area as a replacement area for the replacement area, such as a marker block, which is not set as a replacement area in advance on the recording medium. Set to do.

  In step S31, for example, a starting point for starting signal processing associated with the editing operation for main line video data and audio data, video data and audio data of auxiliary AV data, real-time metadata, and the like is calculated. Thus, a block (ECC block) for starting to write back the edited data onto the recording medium is calculated. In step S33, the AV data of each of the editing source and the editing destination is encoded based on the processing in steps S30 to S32 described above. In addition, the order of the process of the above-mentioned step S30-step S32 is not restricted to this order.

  FIG. 14 shows an example of the edit execution process in step S20 described above in more detail. FIG. 14 mainly shows processing relating to access to the recording medium in the editing execution processing. In parallel with the editing execution process shown in FIG. 14, the AV data decoding process and encoding process associated with editing are performed. Prior to the description of FIG. 14, in order to facilitate understanding, the use of the buffer memory when recording and reproduction are performed in parallel will be schematically described.

  When the editing source AV data and the editing destination AV data are recorded on one optical disk 100 and the editing is completed on the optical disk 100, the AV data is read from and reproduced from the optical disk 100 when editing is executed. Thus, AV data writing back to the optical disc 100 is performed in parallel in recording units. For example, AV data is read out for each recording unit at a speed higher than the reproduction time of the AV data in the recording unit and stored in the buffer. The AV data stored in the buffer is read and reproduced at a decoding speed. The reading speed of data from the optical disc 100 and the reading speed of AV data from the buffer are controlled to be predetermined so that the buffer underflow state does not occur. The AV data is written back after waiting for the recording unit of AV data to be stored in the buffer.

  Returning to the description of FIG. 14, it is determined in step S60 whether or not the editing operation is continued. If it is continued, the process proceeds to step S61. In step S61, it is determined whether or not a predetermined amount of reproduction data is secured in the buffer. If it is determined that the AV data stored in the buffer is less than or equal to the predetermined amount, the process proceeds to step S64, where the data for reproduction is read out and stored in the buffer.

  On the other hand, if it is determined in step S61 that the reproduction data is secured in the buffer by a predetermined amount or more, the process proceeds to step S62. In step S62, it is determined whether or not the write-back data stored in the buffer has reached a predetermined amount. If it is determined that the predetermined amount has been reached, the process proceeds to step S63, and the AV data stored in the buffer is written back to the optical disc 100. On the other hand, if it is determined that the write-back data is not stored in the buffer by a predetermined amount, the process returns to step S60.

  FIG. 15 shows an example of the post-roll operation in step S22 described above in more detail. FIG. 15 mainly shows processing related to access to the recording medium in the post-roll operation. In parallel with the post-roll operation shown in FIG. 15, AV data decoding processing and encoding processing accompanying reproduction by the post-roll operation are performed.

  First, in step S40, an end point for ending the signal processing is calculated in the same manner as the signal processing start point calculation processing in step S31 in the editing start processing described in FIG. In the next step S41, a block for completing the writing back of the edited data onto the recording medium is calculated in the same manner as in step S32 in FIG. Then, in the next step S42, the encoding process is stopped. Note that the process of step S42 can be omitted.

  In the next step S43, it is determined whether or not the post-roll operation is continued. If it is determined that the process is not continued, the process proceeds to step S48, the restriction on the replacement process performed in step S30 of FIG. 13 is released, and the post-roll operation is terminated. On the other hand, if it is determined that the post-roll operation is to be continued, the process proceeds to step S44, and a predetermined amount of reproduction data is secured in the buffer in the same manner as the editing operation process described with reference to FIG. It is determined whether or not. If it is determined that the AV data stored in the buffer is less than or equal to the predetermined amount, the process proceeds to step S47, where the data for reproduction is read out and stored in the buffer.

  On the other hand, if it is determined in step S44 that a predetermined amount or more of reproduction data is secured in the buffer, the process proceeds to step S45. In step S45, it is determined whether there is data to be written back to the recording medium. For example, if it is determined that there is data to be written back, for example, writing back of the data to be edited has not been completed, the process proceeds to step S46, and a writing back process of the data to the recording medium is performed. If it is determined that there is no data to be written back, the process returns to step S43.

  Of the processes described with reference to FIGS. 11 and 12, the determination of whether or not an EDIT ON signal has been received in step S23 and the determination of whether or not the playback speed has been changed in step S24 are actually the post-process described in FIG. This process can be executed in parallel with the roll operation. As an example, if the presence or absence of an EDIT ON signal or a change in playback speed is determined during a post-roll operation, and an EDIT ON signal is received or a change in playback speed is detected, data reading / writing in the post-roll operation is performed. When processing such as processing, encoding, and decoding is completed and an EDIT ON signal is received, the processing returns to step S18. When a speed change is detected, the processing proceeds to step S25. The

  FIG. 16 shows in more detail an example of the edit completion process in step S25 described above. With the editing process, header and footer information is updated, and the editing result is reflected in the header and footer. In step S50, the header and footer are processed, and the updated header and footer are written back to the recording medium. In the next step S51, processing relating to metadata is performed. For example, the non-time series metadata generated by the metadata processing unit 15 is written in the NRT area of the recording medium.

In the first embodiment of the present invention, since the alternation process at the time of destructive editing is prohibited, the seek operation by the alternation process does not occur even when the edit result by destructive editing is reproduced, and the real time of the edit result There is an effect that reproduction is guaranteed.
In the second embodiment of the present invention, the replacement process at the time of destructive editing is performed by replacing an unnecessary area in the vicinity of the defect position without using the original replacement area provided in advance for the recording medium. Therefore, the replacement process for the defect can be performed, and the seek operation by the replacement process during reproduction of the edited result can be smaller than the case where the replacement process is performed using the original replacement area. There is an effect that it is possible to prevent the failure of real-time reproduction due to the seek operation of the alternation process.
In the above description, the present invention has been described as being applied when the optical disc 100 is used as a recording medium. However, the present invention is not limited to this example. In other words, the alternation processing control method for destructive editing according to the present invention can be applied to other disk recording media such as a hard disk. The present invention is not limited to this, and the present invention can also be applied to other non-linear recording media such as a semiconductor memory as long as random access is possible in units of blocks of a predetermined size.

  In the above description, in the present invention, the recording of the clip is performed in units of annual rings, but this is not limited to this example. Even when the data constituting the clip is recorded in an arrangement other than the annual rings, the control method of the alternation process at the time of destructive editing according to the present invention can be applied.

It is a basic diagram which shows an example data arrangement | positioning in a non-linear recording medium. It is a basic diagram for demonstrating an annual ring structure. It is a basic diagram for demonstrating an annual ring structure. 1 schematically shows a configuration of an example of a recording / reproducing apparatus applicable to the present invention. It is a basic diagram for demonstrating destructive editing by this invention. It is a basic diagram for demonstrating the replacement process at the time of destructive editing. It is a basic diagram for demonstrating the process at the time of prohibiting the replacement process at the time of destructive editing. It is a basic diagram which shows arrangement | positioning of an example marker block with respect to an annual ring structure. It is a basic diagram for demonstrating the example of a replacement process at the time of using a marker block as an alternative area | region of a replacement area. It is a basic diagram for demonstrating the example of a replacement process at the time of using a marker block as an alternative area | region of a replacement area. It is a flowchart for demonstrating an example of edit operation applicable to one Embodiment of this invention. It is a flowchart for demonstrating an example of edit operation applicable to one Embodiment of this invention. It is a flowchart which shows an example of an edit start process in detail. It is a flowchart which shows an example of an edit execution process in detail. It is a flowchart which shows an example of a post-roll operation | movement in detail. It is a flowchart which shows an example of an edit completion process in detail.

Explanation of symbols

11 drive control unit 12 formatter / unformatter unit 13 recording signal processing unit 15 metadata processing unit 16 reproduction signal processing unit 17 system control unit 20 clip 21 video data 22A, 22B, 22C, 22D audio data 23 auxiliary AV data 24 metadata 100 Optical disc 200, 200A, 200B Defect unit 201 Replacement unit 202, 202 # N, 202 # (N + 1) Marker block 203A, 203B Replacement unit

Claims (6)

Video data, audio data, or real-time metadata corresponding to the video data or audio data is recorded and reproduced using a randomly accessible recording medium, and video data recorded on the recording medium on the recording medium A recording / reproducing apparatus that performs destructive editing on audio data or real-time metadata corresponding to the video data or audio data,
When performing destructive editing on video data, audio data, or real-time metadata corresponding to the video data or audio data recorded on the recording medium on a randomly accessible recording medium, a replacement process is performed. It is performed using an unnecessary area that is closer to the replacement area than the replacement area.
The unnecessary area is provided for each predetermined recording unit on the recording medium,
The recording / reproducing apparatus , wherein the unnecessary area is an area in which information unnecessary when recording of the corresponding predetermined recording unit is completed is recorded . The recording / reproducing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein when performing an operation other than the destructive editing, a replacement process is performed using the replacement area. 3. The recording / reproducing apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the operation other than the destructive editing is an operation of accessing an area for recording non-time series metadata. Video data, audio data, or real-time metadata corresponding to the video data or audio data is recorded and reproduced using a randomly accessible recording medium, and video data recorded on the recording medium on the recording medium An editing method in which destructive editing is performed on audio data or real-time metadata corresponding to the video data or audio data,
When performing destructive editing on video data, audio data, or real-time metadata corresponding to the video data or audio data recorded on the recording medium on a randomly accessible recording medium, a replacement process is performed. A step of using an unnecessary area located nearer to the replacement area with respect to the area to be subjected to the replacement process,
The unnecessary area is provided for each predetermined recording unit on the recording medium,
The editing method according to claim 1, wherein the unnecessary area is an area in which information unnecessary when recording of the corresponding predetermined recording unit is completed is recorded . 5. The editing method according to claim 4, further comprising a step of performing a replacement process using the replacement area when performing an operation other than the destructive editing. 6. The editing method according to claim 5, wherein the operation other than the destructive editing is an operation of accessing an area for recording non-time series metadata.

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