JP4320583B2 - Exhaust gas purification device for internal combustion engine - Google Patents

Exhaust gas purification device for internal combustion engine Download PDF

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JP4320583B2
JP4320583B2 JP2003365195A JP2003365195A JP4320583B2 JP 4320583 B2 JP4320583 B2 JP 4320583B2 JP 2003365195 A JP2003365195 A JP 2003365195A JP 2003365195 A JP2003365195 A JP 2003365195A JP 4320583 B2 JP4320583 B2 JP 4320583B2
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fuel
exhaust
reforming catalyst
internal combustion
combustion engine
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JP2005127260A (en
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好一郎 中谷
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Toyota Motor Corp
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/0807—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents
    • F01N3/0828—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents characterised by the absorbed or adsorbed substances
    • F01N3/0842—Nitrogen oxides
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
    • F01N13/08—Other arrangements or adaptations of exhaust conduits
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/0807—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents
    • F01N3/0814—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents combined with catalytic converters, e.g. NOx absorption/storage reduction catalysts
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
    • F01N3/28—Construction of catalytic reactors
    • F01N3/2892—Exhaust flow directors or the like, e.g. upstream of catalytic device
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
    • F01N3/36—Arrangements for supply of additional fuel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B37/00—Engines characterised by provision of pumps driven at least for part of the time by exhaust
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2240/00—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being
    • F01N2240/20—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being a flow director or deflector
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2240/00—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being
    • F01N2240/30—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being a fuel reformer
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
    • F01N2610/03—Adding substances to exhaust gases the substance being hydrocarbons, e.g. engine fuel
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)
  • Exhaust Gas Treatment By Means Of Catalyst (AREA)

Description

本発明は、内燃機関の排気ガスを浄化する排気浄化装置に関する。   The present invention relates to an exhaust purification device that purifies exhaust gas of an internal combustion engine.

内燃機関の排気ガスを浄化する装置として、排気ガス中のＮＯｘを吸収するＮＯｘ触媒等の排気浄化手段を備え、そのＮＯｘ吸収力が飽和に達する前に還元剤を供給し、ＮＯｘを放出してＮ２に還元するものが知られている。この還元剤としては軽油等の燃料が用いられているが、ＮＯｘ触媒等の排気浄化手段に燃料をそのまま添加しても還元効率を十分に高めることができない。そこで、還元剤として好適なＨ２やＣＯを生成するように当該燃料（ＨＣ）を改質させることが好ましい。 As an apparatus for purifying exhaust gas of an internal combustion engine, an exhaust purification means such as a NOx catalyst that absorbs NOx in the exhaust gas is provided, a reducing agent is supplied before NOx absorption capacity reaches saturation, and NOx is released. Those that reduce to N 2 are known. As this reducing agent, a fuel such as light oil is used. However, even if the fuel is directly added to an exhaust purification means such as a NOx catalyst, the reduction efficiency cannot be sufficiently increased. Therefore, it is preferable to reform the fuel (HC) so as to generate H 2 or CO suitable as a reducing agent.

従来、添加燃料を改質させる排気浄化装置としては、ＮＯｘ触媒の上流側に熱容量の相違する２つの触媒を組み合わせた燃料改質触媒を設け、これら各触媒へ還元剤としての燃料を内燃機関の運転条件に応じて選択的に噴射し、当該燃料の改質を安定化させるものが知られている（例えば特許文献１）。その他本発明に関連する先行技術文献として特許文献２乃至４がある。
特開平１１−３５０９４１号公報 特開平６−５０１３３号公報 特開平９−２０９７４２号公報 特開平５−２２２９２３号公報 Conventionally, as an exhaust emission control device for reforming added fuel, a fuel reforming catalyst in which two catalysts having different heat capacities are combined is provided upstream of a NOx catalyst, and fuel as a reducing agent is supplied to each of these catalysts. One that selectively injects fuel according to operating conditions and stabilizes reforming of the fuel is known (for example, Patent Document 1). Other prior art documents related to the present invention include Patent Documents 2 to 4.
Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 11-350941 JP-A-6-50133 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 9-209742 JP-A-5-222923

上記特許文献１に代表される従来の排気浄化装置において、燃料を効率よく改質させるためには、空燃比（Ａ／Ｆ）を５程度にして燃料改質触媒へ燃料を供給することが好ましく、そして、下流側のＮＯｘ触媒等の排気浄化手段の還元効率を高めるためには、このような空燃比ではリッチすぎるため良好な還元効率を得ることができないとの知見を得た。
ところが、従来の排気浄化装置では、燃料改質触媒への燃料供給をＡ／Ｆ５程度のかなりリッチな状態で実行すると、燃料の改質は促進するものの下流側に位置するＮＯｘ触媒等の排気浄化手段へ供給される排気ガスの濃度が不均一となり、排気浄化手段の還元効率を十分に高めることができない。また、これとは反対に、ＮＯｘ触媒等の排気浄化手段に好適な空燃比に合わせて燃料改質触媒へ燃料供給をしたのでは燃料の改質が促進せず、結果として排気浄化手段の還元効率を十分に高めることができない。 In the conventional exhaust purification apparatus represented by the above-mentioned Patent Document 1, in order to efficiently reform the fuel, it is preferable to supply the fuel to the fuel reforming catalyst with an air-fuel ratio (A / F) of about 5. And, in order to increase the reduction efficiency of the exhaust gas purification means such as the downstream NOx catalyst, it was found that such an air-fuel ratio is too rich to obtain good reduction efficiency.
However, in the conventional exhaust purification device, when the fuel supply to the fuel reforming catalyst is executed in a considerably rich state of about A / F5, the reforming of the fuel is promoted but the exhaust purification of the NOx catalyst or the like located on the downstream side is promoted. The concentration of the exhaust gas supplied to the means becomes uneven, and the reduction efficiency of the exhaust purification means cannot be sufficiently increased. On the other hand, if the fuel is supplied to the fuel reforming catalyst in accordance with the air-fuel ratio suitable for the exhaust gas purification means such as the NOx catalyst, the reforming of the fuel is not promoted, resulting in the reduction of the exhaust gas purification means. The efficiency cannot be increased sufficiently.

そこで、本発明は、ＮＯｘ触媒等の排気浄化手段の還元効率を十分に高めることが可能な排気浄化装置を提供することを目的とする。   Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide an exhaust purification device capable of sufficiently increasing the reduction efficiency of exhaust purification means such as a NOx catalyst.

本発明の排気浄化装置は、内燃機関の排気を浄化する排気浄化装置であって、燃料を噴射する燃料噴射手段と、前記燃料噴射手段から噴射された前記燃料を改質させる燃料改質触媒と、前記燃料改質触媒の下流側に配置される過給機と、前記過給機の下流側に配置され、ＮＯｘを浄化可能な吸蔵還元型の触媒を有する排気浄化手段とを排気通路内に具備し、前記燃料改質触媒上で排気流れの方向を横断する方向に関して前記燃料噴射手段により噴射された燃料の濃度に濃淡が生じるように構成され、前記燃料噴射手段が前記燃料を噴射した際に前記過給機を通過後の排気ガスの空燃比が前記排気浄化手段による還元に適した空燃比となるように前記燃料噴射手段による燃料の噴射量及び噴射角が設定されていることにより、上述した課題を解決する（請求項１）。 An exhaust emission control device according to the present invention is an exhaust emission control device that purifies exhaust gas from an internal combustion engine, and includes a fuel injection unit that injects fuel, and a fuel reforming catalyst that reforms the fuel injected from the fuel injection unit. A turbocharger disposed downstream of the fuel reforming catalyst, and an exhaust purification means disposed downstream of the turbocharger and having a storage reduction type catalyst capable of purifying NOx in the exhaust passage. comprising, configured to shade the concentration of the injected fuel by the fuel injection means with respect to a direction transverse to the direction of the exhaust flow over the fuel reforming catalyst occurs, when the fuel injection means has injected the fuel The fuel injection amount and the injection angle of the fuel injection means are set so that the air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas after passing through the supercharger becomes an air-fuel ratio suitable for reduction by the exhaust purification means , Solve the above issues To (claim 1).

本発明の排気浄化装置によれば、燃料改質触媒を通過する排気ガスのうち燃料を高濃度に含む部分では燃料の改質が促進され、低濃度に含む部分では一部の燃料が改質される。そして、改質後の燃料を高濃度に含む排気ガスと低濃度に含む排気ガスとが燃料改質触媒の下流に設置された過給機にて混合されることにより、ＮＯｘ触媒等の排気浄化手段に導入される排気ガスは、還元に好適な空燃比に均一化される。従って、燃料改質触媒及びＮＯｘ触媒等の排気浄化手段のそれぞれに好適な空燃比で燃料が供給されることになるので、ＮＯｘ触媒等の排気浄化手段の還元効率を十分に高めることができる。   According to the exhaust emission control device of the present invention, the reforming of the fuel is promoted in the portion containing the fuel at a high concentration in the exhaust gas passing through the fuel reforming catalyst, and the part of the fuel is reformed in the portion containing the low concentration. Is done. Then, the exhaust gas containing the reformed fuel at a high concentration and the exhaust gas containing a low concentration are mixed in a supercharger installed downstream of the fuel reforming catalyst, thereby purifying the exhaust gas such as a NOx catalyst. The exhaust gas introduced into the means is made uniform to an air-fuel ratio suitable for reduction. Therefore, fuel is supplied at a suitable air-fuel ratio to each of the exhaust gas purification means such as the fuel reforming catalyst and the NOx catalyst, so that the reduction efficiency of the exhaust gas purification means such as the NOx catalyst can be sufficiently increased.

本発明の排気浄化装置において、前記排気通路は、気筒毎に設けられた分岐部とこれらが集合する集合部とを有し、前記過給機は、前記集合部の下流側に設けられており、前記燃料改質触媒は、前記集合部から前記過給機までの前記排気通路内に設けられていてもよい（請求項２）。この場合は、気筒毎に生成された排気ガスを燃料改質触媒へ全量導入することができるので、燃料改質触媒の温度が上昇しやすく燃料の改質効率がより向上する。従って、内燃機関の始動直後のいわゆるエミッションの低減に有効である。   In the exhaust emission control device of the present invention, the exhaust passage has a branch portion provided for each cylinder and a collecting portion where these gather, and the supercharger is provided downstream of the collecting portion. The fuel reforming catalyst may be provided in the exhaust passage from the collecting portion to the supercharger (claim 2). In this case, since the exhaust gas generated for each cylinder can be introduced into the fuel reforming catalyst in its entirety, the temperature of the fuel reforming catalyst is likely to rise, and the fuel reforming efficiency is further improved. Therefore, it is effective for reducing the so-called emission immediately after starting the internal combustion engine.

本発明の排気浄化装置において、前記燃料噴射手段は、前記燃料の噴射範囲を前記燃料改質触媒の端面の一部に制限して該燃料を噴射してもよい（請求項３）。この場合は、燃料改質触媒上で排気流れの方向を横断する方向に関して燃料の濃度に濃淡を容易に生じさせることができる。この場合において、燃料の噴射範囲が、燃料改質触媒の端面の中央部に制限されていてもよいし（請求項４）、燃料改質触媒の端面の外周部に制限されていてもよい（請求項５）。   In the exhaust emission control device of the present invention, the fuel injection means may inject the fuel by limiting an injection range of the fuel to a part of an end face of the fuel reforming catalyst. In this case, the concentration of the fuel can be easily generated in the direction crossing the direction of the exhaust flow on the fuel reforming catalyst. In this case, the fuel injection range may be limited to the center portion of the end surface of the fuel reforming catalyst (Claim 4), or may be limited to the outer peripheral portion of the end surface of the fuel reforming catalyst ( Claim 5).

本発明の排気浄化装置において、過給機よりも上流側の排気通路内に、排気通路内にて排気流れを旋回させる旋回流形成手段が設けられており、燃料噴射手段が、その旋回の中心又は外周に向けて燃料を噴射してもよい（請求項６）。この場合は、噴射された燃料を旋回流に乗せて、燃料改質触媒の端面の外周において噴射された燃料を高濃度に含む部分を作ることができる。また、旋回の中心に向けて噴射角を絞って燃料を噴射することにより、旋回流に乗せることなく燃料改質触媒の端面の中央部において燃料を高濃度に含む部分を作ることもできる。   In the exhaust purification apparatus of the present invention, swirl flow forming means for swirling the exhaust flow in the exhaust passage is provided in the exhaust passage upstream of the supercharger, and the fuel injection means is the center of the swirl. Alternatively, fuel may be injected toward the outer periphery (claim 6). In this case, the injected fuel can be put on the swirling flow, and a portion containing the injected fuel at a high concentration on the outer periphery of the end face of the fuel reforming catalyst can be made. Further, by injecting the fuel with the injection angle narrowed toward the center of swirling, it is possible to make a portion containing the fuel at a high concentration in the central portion of the end face of the fuel reforming catalyst without being put on the swirling flow.

本発明の排気浄化装置において、前記排気通路は曲がり部を有しており、前記燃料噴射手段及び前記燃料改質触媒が前記曲がり部に関して上流側と下流側にそれぞれ配置されていてもよい（請求項７）。この場合は、噴射された燃料が遠心力によって曲がり部の外側へ偏り噴射された燃料を高濃度に含む領域ができるので、燃料改質触媒上で排気流れの方向を横断する方向に関して燃料の濃度に濃淡を生じさせることができる。   In the exhaust emission control device of the present invention, the exhaust passage may have a bent portion, and the fuel injection means and the fuel reforming catalyst may be arranged on the upstream side and the downstream side, respectively, with respect to the bent portion. Item 7). In this case, there is a region in which the injected fuel contains a high concentration of fuel that is biased to the outside of the bend due to centrifugal force, so the concentration of the fuel in the direction crossing the direction of the exhaust flow on the fuel reforming catalyst. Can produce light and shade.

本発明によれば、ＮＯｘ触媒等の排気浄化手段の還元効率を十分に高めることが可能な排気浄化装置を提供することができる。   ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, the exhaust gas purification apparatus which can fully raise the reduction | restoration efficiency of exhaust gas purification means, such as a NOx catalyst, can be provided.

（第１の実施の形態）
図１は、本発明の排気浄化装置１を内燃機関としてのディーゼルエンジン２に適用した第１の実施形態を示している。エンジン２は排気系と吸気系とを有する。吸気系はシリンダブロック３に接続された吸気マニホールド５を含んで構成される。 (First embodiment)
FIG. 1 shows a first embodiment in which an exhaust emission control device 1 according to the present invention is applied to a diesel engine 2 as an internal combustion engine. The engine 2 has an exhaust system and an intake system. The intake system includes an intake manifold 5 connected to the cylinder block 3.

本発明の排気浄化装置１は上記排気系に適用されている。上記排気系は、排気通路としての排気管７を含んで構成されている。排気管７の途中には、その上流から下流に向かって、過給機としてターボチャージャー８及びＮＯｘ触媒１０がそれぞれ設けられている。排気管７に設けられたＮＯｘ触媒１０は、排気ガスの空燃比がリーンのときはＮＯｘを吸収し、排気ガスの酸素濃度が低下すると吸収したＮＯｘを放出しＮ２に還元するいわゆる吸蔵還元型の触媒である。本実施の形態ではＮＯｘ触媒を用いたが、これに替えて排気浄化手段として、ディーゼルパティキュレートフィルタにＮＯｘ吸着剤を付加し、浮遊粒子状物質（ＰＭ）とＮＯｘの同時削減を可能とする触媒を用いてもよい。 The exhaust emission control device 1 of the present invention is applied to the exhaust system. The exhaust system includes an exhaust pipe 7 as an exhaust passage. In the middle of the exhaust pipe 7, a turbocharger 8 and a NOx catalyst 10 are provided as a supercharger from upstream to downstream. The NOx catalyst 10 provided in the exhaust pipe 7 absorbs NOx when the air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas is lean, and releases the absorbed NOx and reduces it to N 2 when the oxygen concentration of the exhaust gas is reduced. It is a catalyst. In the present embodiment, the NOx catalyst is used. However, as an exhaust purification means, a NOx adsorbent is added to the diesel particulate filter to enable simultaneous reduction of suspended particulate matter (PM) and NOx. May be used.

上記排気管７は、シリンダブロック３に接続され気筒４毎に設けられた分岐部７ａとこれら分岐部７ａが集合する集合部７ｂとを有している。この集合部７ｂからターボチャージャー８までの排気管７内に、燃料改質触媒１１が取り付けられている。燃料改質触媒１１はロジウム等の金属製のベースに例えばゼオライト等が担持されて構成されている。なお、図２においては、燃料改質触媒１１を排気管７の曲がり部２１の下流側に取り付けている態様が示されているが、この上流側に取り付けてもよい。   The exhaust pipe 7 has a branch portion 7a connected to the cylinder block 3 and provided for each cylinder 4, and a collective portion 7b where the branch portions 7a gather. A fuel reforming catalyst 11 is attached in the exhaust pipe 7 from the collecting portion 7 b to the turbocharger 8. The fuel reforming catalyst 11 is configured by, for example, zeolite or the like supported on a metal base such as rhodium. In addition, in FIG. 2, although the aspect which attached the fuel reforming catalyst 11 to the downstream of the bending part 21 of the exhaust pipe 7 is shown, you may attach to this upstream.

この燃料改質触媒１１は、燃料噴射手段としてのインジェクタ１２にて噴射された燃料１３を改質させるものである。燃料１３が燃料改質触媒１１を通過すると、Ｈ２やＣＯを生成する反応が起こり燃料１３は改質する。改質した燃料は、ＮＯｘ触媒１０がＮＯｘを放出するための還元剤として、ターボチャージャー８の下流側に設けられた上記ＮＯｘ触媒１０へ供給される。 This fuel reforming catalyst 11 reforms the fuel 13 injected by an injector 12 as fuel injection means. When the fuel 13 passes through the fuel reforming catalyst 11, a reaction for generating H 2 and CO occurs and the fuel 13 is reformed. The reformed fuel is supplied to the NOx catalyst 10 provided on the downstream side of the turbocharger 8 as a reducing agent for the NOx catalyst 10 to release NOx.

上記インジェクタ１２は、その燃料噴射範囲が燃料改質触媒１１の端面１１ａの中央部に制限されるように構成されている。従って、燃料改質触媒１１上で排気流れの方向を横断する方向に関して噴射された燃料１３の濃度に濃淡が生じることになる。なお、燃料１３の噴射の時期及び噴射量等の制御については、主としてエンジン２の運転状態を制御する図示しないエンジンコントロールユニット（ＥＣＵ）に行わせることができる。また、図２に示したように、インジェクタ１２による燃料の噴射範囲が端面１１ａの外周部に制限されるように、中空の噴射ノズルを有するインジェクタに変更してもよい。排気管７の内壁側の排気ガスの流量は排気管７の中心側よりも少ないため、図２に示したように燃料の噴射範囲を制限すれば、燃料１３を高濃度に含む部分を図１に示した態様に比較して作りやすくなる利点がある。   The injector 12 is configured such that its fuel injection range is limited to the central portion of the end surface 11 a of the fuel reforming catalyst 11. Accordingly, the concentration of the fuel 13 injected on the fuel reforming catalyst 11 in the direction crossing the direction of the exhaust flow is varied. Note that the control of the injection timing and the injection amount of the fuel 13 can be performed mainly by an engine control unit (ECU) (not shown) that controls the operating state of the engine 2. Further, as shown in FIG. 2, the injector 12 may be changed to an injector having a hollow injection nozzle so that the fuel injection range by the injector 12 is limited to the outer peripheral portion of the end face 11a. Since the flow rate of the exhaust gas on the inner wall side of the exhaust pipe 7 is smaller than the center side of the exhaust pipe 7, if the fuel injection range is limited as shown in FIG. 2, the portion containing the fuel 13 at a high concentration is shown in FIG. There is an advantage that it is easy to make as compared with the embodiment shown in.

以上の実施の形態によれば、燃料１３の噴射範囲が上記のように制限されているため、燃料１３の噴射が制限されている領域では、燃料１３を改質するのに好適な空燃比（Ａ／Ｆ５程度）にて排気ガスが導入されるので、噴射された燃料１３の改質は促進される。一方、改質された燃料のＮＯｘ触媒１０への供給については、燃料改質触媒１１より改質された燃料を高濃度に含む排気ガスと低濃度に含む排気ガスとが、燃料改質触媒１１の下流側に配置されたターボチャージャー８のタービン８ａにて攪拌されて排気ガスの濃度が比較的均一化されるため、ＮＯｘ触媒１０の還元効率を十分に高めることができる。特に本実施の形態においては、ターボチャージャー８の通過後の排気ガスの空燃比Ａ／Ｆが１４程度のいわゆるスライトリッチ状態になるように、インジェクタ１２による燃料の噴射量及び噴射角を設定している。従って、ＮＯｘ触媒の還元効率が更に向上する。   According to the above embodiment, since the injection range of the fuel 13 is limited as described above, in an area where the injection of the fuel 13 is limited, an air-fuel ratio suitable for reforming the fuel 13 ( Since the exhaust gas is introduced at about A / F5), reforming of the injected fuel 13 is promoted. On the other hand, regarding the supply of the reformed fuel to the NOx catalyst 10, the exhaust gas containing the fuel reformed by the fuel reforming catalyst 11 at a high concentration and the exhaust gas containing a low concentration are converted into the fuel reforming catalyst 11. Since the exhaust gas concentration is made relatively uniform by being stirred by the turbine 8a of the turbocharger 8 arranged on the downstream side, the reduction efficiency of the NOx catalyst 10 can be sufficiently increased. In particular, in the present embodiment, the fuel injection amount and the injection angle by the injector 12 are set so that the air-fuel ratio A / F of the exhaust gas after passing through the turbocharger 8 becomes a so-called “light rich state” of about 14. Yes. Therefore, the reduction efficiency of the NOx catalyst is further improved.

（第２の実施の形態）
図３は、本発明の排気浄化装置１を内燃機関としてのディーゼルエンジン２に適用した第２の実施形態を示している。本実施の形態の説明においては、第１の実施の形態と同一の構成には同一の符号を付して詳しい説明は省略する。 (Second Embodiment)
FIG. 3 shows a second embodiment in which the exhaust emission control device 1 of the present invention is applied to a diesel engine 2 as an internal combustion engine. In the description of this embodiment, the same components as those in the first embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals, and detailed description thereof is omitted.

本実施の形態では、燃料改質触媒１１の上流側の排気管７内壁に、排気ガスを旋回させる旋回流形成手段としてのフィン２０が設けられている。フィン２０の個数及び設置角度等の諸条件は適宜に選択すればよい。以上の構成により、集合部７ｂ内の排気ガスの流れは、図示したように旋回流Ｆとなって燃料改質触媒１１に到達する。そこで、その旋回中心Ｃに向けて、インジェクタ１２によって燃料１３を噴射すれば、噴射された燃料１３は、排気ガスの旋回流Ｆに乗って燃料改質触媒１１の端面１１ａに導入される。このため、燃料改質触媒１１ａの端面の外周部において、燃料１３を高濃度に含む部分が形成され、燃料改質の効率を高めることができる。   In the present embodiment, fins 20 are provided on the inner wall of the exhaust pipe 7 on the upstream side of the fuel reforming catalyst 11 as swirl flow forming means for swirling exhaust gas. Various conditions such as the number of fins 20 and the installation angle may be appropriately selected. With the above configuration, the flow of the exhaust gas in the collecting portion 7b reaches the fuel reforming catalyst 11 as a swirling flow F as illustrated. Therefore, if the fuel 13 is injected by the injector 12 toward the turning center C, the injected fuel 13 is introduced into the end surface 11a of the fuel reforming catalyst 11 along the swirling flow F of the exhaust gas. For this reason, a portion containing the fuel 13 at a high concentration is formed in the outer peripheral portion of the end face of the fuel reforming catalyst 11a, and the efficiency of fuel reforming can be increased.

なお、図３においては、旋回流の中心Ｃに向けて燃料１３を噴射する態様を示したが、好適には旋回流Ｆに乗り易くなるように燃料１３を旋回方向へ向けて噴射してもよい。更に、インジェクタ１２による燃料１３の噴射角度θを絞り込んで（小さくして）、燃料１３を旋回中心Ｃへ向けて噴射することにより、燃料１３を旋回流Ｆに乗せることなく燃料改質触媒１１に導入することができる。従って、燃料改質触媒１１の端面１１ａの中央部において、燃料１３を高濃度に含む部分が形成される。また、燃料改質触媒１１の取り付け位置については、これを曲がり部２１の上流側の排気管７内に取り付けてもよい。   Although FIG. 3 shows a mode in which the fuel 13 is injected toward the center C of the swirling flow, the fuel 13 is preferably injected in the swirling direction so that the swirling flow F can be easily obtained. Good. Further, by narrowing (decreasing) the injection angle θ of the fuel 13 by the injector 12 and injecting the fuel 13 toward the turning center C, the fuel 13 is placed on the fuel reforming catalyst 11 without being put on the turning flow F. Can be introduced. Therefore, a portion containing the fuel 13 at a high concentration is formed in the central portion of the end surface 11 a of the fuel reforming catalyst 11. Further, the fuel reforming catalyst 11 may be attached to the exhaust pipe 7 on the upstream side of the bent portion 21 with respect to the attachment position of the fuel reforming catalyst 11.

以上の実施形態においては、燃料改質触媒１１上で排気流れの方向を横断する方向に関して噴射された燃料の濃度に濃淡が生じるように構成されているので、第１の実施の形態と同様にＮＯｘ触媒１０の還元効率を十分に高めることができる。また、ターボチャージャー８の通過後の空燃比Ａ／Ｆが１４程度のいわゆるスライトリッチ状態になるように、インジェクタ１２による燃料の噴射量及び噴射角を設定し、ＮＯｘ触媒１０の還元効率を更に向上させることもできる。   In the above embodiment, since the concentration of the fuel injected on the fuel reforming catalyst 11 in the direction crossing the direction of the exhaust flow is varied, the same as in the first embodiment. The reduction efficiency of the NOx catalyst 10 can be sufficiently increased. Further, the fuel injection amount and the injection angle by the injector 12 are set so that the air-fuel ratio A / F after passing through the turbocharger 8 becomes about 14 so that the reduction efficiency of the NOx catalyst 10 is further improved. It can also be made.

（第３の実施の形態）
図４は、本発明の排気浄化装置１を内燃機関としてのディーゼルエンジン２に適用した第３の実施形態を示している。本実施の形態の説明においては、第１の実施の形態と同一の構成には同一の符号を付して詳しい説明は省略する。 (Third embodiment)
FIG. 4 shows a third embodiment in which the exhaust emission control device 1 of the present invention is applied to a diesel engine 2 as an internal combustion engine. In the description of this embodiment, the same components as those in the first embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals, and detailed description thereof is omitted.

本実施の形態においては、燃料改質触媒１１を排気管７の曲がり部２１の下流側に設けるとともに、インジェクタ１２を曲がり部２１の上流側に設けている。これにより、排気ガスの流れＦに乗った燃料１３は遠心力により曲がり部２１の外側の領域２２に偏り、燃料改質触媒１１の端面１１ａの片側に燃料１３を高濃度に含む部分が形成される。   In the present embodiment, the fuel reforming catalyst 11 is provided on the downstream side of the bent portion 21 of the exhaust pipe 7, and the injector 12 is provided on the upstream side of the bent portion 21. As a result, the fuel 13 riding on the exhaust gas flow F is biased to the region 22 outside the bent portion 21 by centrifugal force, and a portion containing the fuel 13 at a high concentration is formed on one side of the end surface 11a of the fuel reforming catalyst 11. The

以上の実施形態においては、燃料改質触媒１１上で排気流れの方向を横断する方向に関して噴射された燃料の濃度に濃淡が生じるように構成されているので、第１の実施の形態と同様にＮＯｘ触媒１０の還元効率を十分に高めることができる。また、ターボチャージャー８の通過後の空燃比Ａ／Ｆが１４程度のいわゆるスライトリッチ状態になるように、インジェクタ１２による燃料の噴射量及び噴射角を設定し、ＮＯｘ触媒の還元効率を更に向上させることもできる。   In the above embodiment, since the concentration of the fuel injected on the fuel reforming catalyst 11 in the direction crossing the direction of the exhaust flow is varied, the same as in the first embodiment. The reduction efficiency of the NOx catalyst 10 can be sufficiently increased. Further, the fuel injection amount and the injection angle by the injector 12 are set so that the air-fuel ratio A / F after passing through the turbocharger 8 becomes a so-called “slight rich state” of about 14, thereby further improving the reduction efficiency of the NOx catalyst. You can also.

本発明に係る排気浄化装置の第１の実施形態を示した図。The figure which showed 1st Embodiment of the exhaust gas purification apparatus which concerns on this invention. 第１の実施形態において、燃料の噴射範囲を燃料改質触媒の端面の外周に制限する他の例を示した図。The figure which showed the other example which restrict | limits the fuel injection range to the outer periphery of the end surface of a fuel reforming catalyst in 1st Embodiment. 本発明に係る排気浄化装置の第２の実施形態を示した図。The figure which showed 2nd Embodiment of the exhaust gas purification apparatus which concerns on this invention. 本発明に係る排気浄化装置の第３の実施形態を示した図。The figure which showed 3rd Embodiment of the exhaust gas purification apparatus which concerns on this invention.

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

１ 排気浄化装置
２ エンジン（内燃機関）
４ 気筒
７ 排気管（排気通路）
７ａ 分岐部
７ｂ 集合部
８ ターボチャージャー（過給機）
１１ 燃料改質触媒
１１ａ 端面
１２ インジェクタ（燃料噴射手段）
１３ 燃料
２０ 旋回流形成手段
２１ 曲がり部
1 Exhaust purification device 2 Engine (internal combustion engine)
4 cylinder 7 exhaust pipe (exhaust passage)
7a Branching part 7b Collecting part 8 Turbocharger (supercharger)
11 Fuel reforming catalyst 11a End face 12 Injector (fuel injection means)
13 Fuel 20 Swirling Flow Forming Means 21 Curved Part

Claims (7)

内燃機関の排気を浄化する排気浄化装置であって、燃料を噴射する燃料噴射手段と、前記燃料噴射手段から噴射された前記燃料を改質させる燃料改質触媒と、前記燃料改質触媒の下流側に配置される過給機と、前記過給機の下流側に配置され、ＮＯｘを浄化可能な吸蔵還元型の触媒を有する排気浄化手段とを排気通路内に具備し、前記燃料改質触媒上で排気流れの方向を横断する方向に関して前記燃料噴射手段により噴射された燃料の濃度に濃淡が生じるように構成され、前記燃料噴射手段が前記燃料を噴射した際に前記過給機を通過後の排気ガスの空燃比が前記排気浄化手段による還元に適した空燃比となるように前記燃料噴射手段による燃料の噴射量及び噴射角が設定されていることを特徴とする内燃機関の排気浄化装置。 An exhaust purification device for purifying exhaust gas of an internal combustion engine, comprising: fuel injection means for injecting fuel; a fuel reforming catalyst for reforming the fuel injected from the fuel injection means; and a downstream of the fuel reforming catalyst A supercharger disposed on the exhaust side, and an exhaust purification means disposed on the downstream side of the supercharger and having an occlusion reduction type catalyst capable of purifying NOx in the exhaust passage, the fuel reforming catalyst The concentration of the fuel injected by the fuel injection means in the direction transverse to the direction of the exhaust flow is generated so that the fuel injection means passes the supercharger when the fuel is injected. An exhaust purification device for an internal combustion engine, characterized in that the fuel injection amount and the injection angle by the fuel injection means are set so that the air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas becomes an air-fuel ratio suitable for reduction by the exhaust purification means . 前記排気通路は、気筒毎に設けられた分岐部とこれらが集合する集合部とを有し、前記過給機は、前記集合部の下流側に設けられており、前記燃料改質触媒は、前記集合部から前記過給機までの前記排気通路内に設けられていることを特徴とする請求項１に記載の内燃機関の排気浄化装置。   The exhaust passage has a branch portion provided for each cylinder and a collective portion where these gather, the supercharger is provided on the downstream side of the collective portion, and the fuel reforming catalyst includes: The exhaust gas purification apparatus for an internal combustion engine according to claim 1, wherein the exhaust gas purification apparatus is provided in the exhaust passage from the collecting portion to the supercharger. 前記燃料噴射手段は、前記燃料の噴射範囲を前記燃料改質触媒の端面の一部に制限して該燃料を噴射することを特徴とする請求項１又は２に記載の内燃機関の排気浄化装置。   3. The exhaust emission control device for an internal combustion engine according to claim 1, wherein the fuel injection means injects the fuel while limiting an injection range of the fuel to a part of an end face of the fuel reforming catalyst. . 前記燃料の噴射範囲が、前記燃料改質触媒の端面の中央部に制限されていることを特徴とする請求項３に記載の内燃機関の排気浄化装置。   The exhaust purification device for an internal combustion engine according to claim 3, wherein an injection range of the fuel is limited to a central portion of an end face of the fuel reforming catalyst. 前記燃料の噴射範囲が、前記燃料改質触媒の端面の外周部に制限されていることを特徴とする請求項３に記載の内燃機関の排気浄化装置。   The exhaust purification device for an internal combustion engine according to claim 3, wherein an injection range of the fuel is limited to an outer peripheral portion of an end face of the fuel reforming catalyst. 前記過給機よりも上流側の前記排気通路内に、前記排気通路内にて排気流れを旋回させる旋回流形成手段が設けられており、前記燃料噴射手段が、その旋回の中心又は外周に向けて前記燃料を噴射することを特徴とする請求項１又は２に記載の内燃機関の排気浄化装置。   A swirl flow forming means for swirling the exhaust flow in the exhaust passage is provided in the exhaust passage upstream of the supercharger, and the fuel injection means is directed toward the center or outer periphery of the swirl. The exhaust gas purification apparatus for an internal combustion engine according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the fuel is injected. 前記排気通路は曲がり部を有しており、前記燃料噴射手段及び前記燃料改質触媒が前記曲がり部に関して上流側と下流側にそれぞれ配置されていることを特徴とする請求項１又は２に記載の内燃機関の排気浄化装置。   The exhaust passage has a bent portion, and the fuel injection means and the fuel reforming catalyst are respectively arranged on the upstream side and the downstream side with respect to the bent portion. Exhaust gas purification device for internal combustion engine.
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JP4807524B2 (en) * 2007-12-25 2011-11-02 三菱自動車工業株式会社 Exhaust gas purification device for internal combustion engine
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